flfi,aiuQy j 6 no... · 2019-11-28 · jdr®;d j,g wk qj oekg mj; akd flfi, aj.d j,sk a85] lg;a jvd...

eccccd;sl fi!Nd.H Wfoid lDIsldr®ñl wxYfhka úYsIaG †hqKqjla w;alr .ksuq

fmardfo◊h" lDIslu_ fomdr®;fïka;=fõ m%ldYkhls'lDIslu_ yd mY= iïm;a wud;HdxYh

lfi,a leka wdjrKh lekaj, nr jeälr .ekSu i|yd;a

jeä fmkqulska hq;= me,a,ï rys; leka i | y d ; a

merekafka isg Ndú;d l< ls%hdj,shls' fmd,a w;= j,ska úhk

,o l=vd fyda flfi,a m~/,a Ndú;fhka wdjrKh idïm%odhsl

l%uhhs' ks,a meye;s fmd,s;Ska nE.a j,ska wdjrKh jr®;udkfha

nyq,j Ndú;d fõ' fuu fmd,s;Ska Ndú;fha° úfYaIfhkau úh<s

l,dmfha j.djkaj, flfi,a lekaj, ysre rYañhg nªka jq

ia:dk ms<asiaiSu iy f.äj, wNHka;r fldgia ≥Uqre meyeúu

iDKd;aul n,mEï f,i ye|skaúh yel'

fï ksid úh<s l,dmSh flfi,a j.djkg Ndú;d l<

yels fhda.H wdjrK øjH y∫kd .ekSu i|yd mr®fhaIK

wÛ=Kfld<me,eiai udY yd f;,a fnda. ms<sn| mr®fhaIK

yd ixjr®Ok uOHia:dkfha° mj;ajk ,°' ks,a fmd,s;ska" iqoq

fmd,s;ska" jr®K rys; fmd,s;ska" uelafnd,ka wdh;kfhka iemhQ

uelafmdaï fmd,s;ska iy úhk ,o fmd,siela nªka fï i|yd

Ndú;d úh'

Ndú;d l< øjH fkdi,ld ye˙ho leka wdjrKh ksid

lekaj, nr 37] lska jeä úh' Ndú;d l< øjHj, jr®Kh

lefkys fyda f.äj, nrg n,mEula fkdjQ kuq;a ndysr fmkqug

n,mEula úh' jr®K rys; fmd,sÿka n∫ka Ndú;d l<úg ysre

rYañh ksid f.ä ms<siaiSu is≥úh' Ndú;d l< øjH w;=rska

úhk ,o fmd,siela nE.a wju f,i fojrla Ndú;d l< yels

w;r" wfkla ish,qu n|qka jrla mdúÉÑ l< miq bj;a lsrSug

is≥fõ' fï ksid úhk ,o fmd,siela n∫ka uÛska wdjrKh i|yd

jehjk uqo, re( 6'00 la muKla fõ' ;jo fuh fmd,s;ska

yd ii|k úg bj;a l, miq myiqfjka úkdY fõ' úhk ,o

øjHhla ksid iunr;dj iys; neúka lefkys f.ä w;r laIqo%

mrsirh jvd;a ys;lr fõ' is≥re we;s lsrSula wjYH fkdfõ'

fï ksid úhk ,o fmd,siela n∫ka úh<s l,dmSh flfi,a leka

wdjrKh i|yd jvd;a fhda.H wdjrK øjH fõ'

uQ,dY%h( tia'tia'úrisxy" mr®fhaIK ks,Od˙ iy fla'tÉ'rejka m;srK"mr®fhaIK iyldr" udY yd f;,a fnda. mr®fhaIK yd ixjr®OkuOHia:dkh" wÛ=Kfld<me,eiai'

nyqjdr®Isl fyda wr®O nyq jdr®Isl fnda.hla f,ig

idudkHfhka tla m∫rl me, 4 la fyda thg jeä m%udKhla

;sfnk f,ig flfi,a j.djla kv;a;= lrkq ,efí' ióCIK

jdr®;d j,g wkqj oekg mj;akd flfi,a j.d j,ska 85] lg;a

jvd jeä m%udKhla flfi,a brs ffjrih iy uQy ffjrih

jeks ffjria frda. j,ska wdidokh ù we;s kuq;a ;ju;a M,odhs

f,i ;sfnk nj fmfka' flfia kuq;a uõ YdLfha isg 4 jk

ksrs j.dj wjia:dj olajd hk úg 10-40] l muK wiajekafka

l%ñl wvqùula olakg ,efí' thg wu;rj jdKsP jYfhka

jeo.;a jk flda,sl=Ügq iy w¨ flfi,a m%fNao mekud ue,ùu

^mshqfiarshï ue,ùu& iy mSfok wjêfha° j| mS°u jeks frda.S

;;a;ajhkag jvd;a NdPkh fõ'

jdr®Isl fnda.hla f,i flfi,a j.d ls˙fï° uõ Ydlh

muKla kv;a;= lsrSfuka fuu frda. ksaid ksrs j.djkaj, wiajkq

ydksùu je<fla' fuu l%uh ksid úYd, m%udKfhka frda. me;srSuo

j<lS'

jdr®Isl fnda.hla f,i flfi,a my; i|yka f,i j.d

l< yelsh' ñgr® 3‹3 mr;rhg lafIa;%fha l+[a[ .ikq ,efí'

flfi,a iuQy j.dj (Group Plantation)

f

ógr® 3

ógr® 3

fjΩu 6" wxl 2 2002 uehs - cQksa

;dCI◊l f;dr;=re m;%sldj - lDIslu_ fomdr®;fïka;=j' fjΩu 6" wxl '

th jgd ;%sfldaK l%uhg fi'ñ'30‹30‹30 m%udKfha j,j,a lmkq

,efí' ^rEm igyk n,kak'&

fuu j<j,a fldïfmdaiaá iy uQ<sl ridhk fmdfydr

ñY%Kfhka mqrjkak' hQrshd .%Eï 120 la" ;s%;aj iqmr®fmdiafmaÜ

.%Eï 80 la iy ñhqrsfhaÜ T*a fmdgEIa .%Eï 250 la ñY%lr

uQ<sl fmdfydr ñY%Kfhka .%Eï 450 la idokq ,efí' ldnksl

øjH tl;= lrkafka kï th iuÛ by; ñY%Kfhka .%Eï 225

la fyda tu ñY%Kfhka .%Eï 450 la tla j,lg oud mia iuÛ

ñY%lr me< isgjkq ,efí' tla l=[a[hlA jgd isgqjk me<

3 tlu m%fNaofhka yd tlu úYd,;ajfhka hq;=ùu wjYH fõ'

fuu me< ;=ku ;ks me< f,i kv;a;= lrk w;r" tajdhska

yg .kAkd ish¨u fudfrhshka bj;a lrkq ,efí' udi 3-4

lg j;djla uQ<sl fmdfydr ñY%Kh i|yd Ndú;d l, fmdfydr

ñY%Khu Ndú;d lrkak' fmd,siela nE.a j,ska wdjrKh lsrSfuka

lekaj, nr yd fmkqu jeälr .; yeŸ fõ' wiajkq fk,d.;a

miq jHdP l| fmdf<dj uÜgfuka lmd oud N+.; fldgiska

fudfrhshka u;=úug bv yrskak' by; úia;r l, wdldrhgu

wiajkq fk¨ me< w;=rska kj j.djla kej; wdrïN l< yel'

frda. meÿrSu wjuùu" ;=ka .=Khlska wiajkq jeäùu

iy wdodhï ydkshla fkdue;sj tu N+ñh fnda. udrejla i|yd

Ndú;d l< yelsùu fuu j.d l%ufha m%Odk jdis f,i ye|skaúh

yel'

uQ,dY%h· tia'tia'úrisxy" mr®fhaIK ks<Odrs" fla'tÉ'rejka m;srK"mr®fhaIK iyldr" udY yd f;,a fnda. mr®fhaIK ydixjr®Ok wdh;kh" wÛ=Kfld,me,eiai'

m,a fmdfudäfha Wm l=<hg wh;a fõ' fuu Wml=,hg

fmhdr®ia" laúkaia iy fuâ,r® jeks m,;=re fnda.hka

wh;a fõ' fï ish,a, iuYSf;daIaK foaY.=K l,dm fnda. fõ'

fï ish¨ m,;=re j._ fmdaaï (Pome) wdldr ìP rdYshla iys;

m,;=re fõ' M,fha msg; udxY,h úYd, jq mdoh iys; u,afm;s

kd,fhka yd we;=,; udxY,h äïn fldaI mgl j,ska ixhqla;

ú we;' wfkl=;a ishΩu úfYaI j,g jvd mqΩ,a mrdihl

j.d l< yels fi!uH l,dmSh fnda.h f,i wem,a ye|skafõ'

oekg j.d lrk wem,a j.d or®Y uQ<slj ue,ia mqñ,d ñ,a

(Malus pumila mill.) j,ska úfNaokh ú we;' ue,ia mqñ,d

or®Y j, wdrïNh ksrs; os. wdishd;sl l<dmfha ^reishdj"

brdkh iy gr®lsia:dkh& jk w;r 6 jk Y; jr®Ifhaos wem,a

hqfrdamhg y∫kajd ° we;'

idudkH wem,a Ydlhla úYd, nyq jdr®Isl Ydlhla f,i

ógr® 15-18 la Wig jefâ' flfia kuq;a .%dylfha jr®Okh

md,kh ls¯u ;=<ska Ydlfha jr®Okh ógr® 2-3 la muK Wig

iSud l< yels fõ' jr®Olj m%pdrKh l< .%dyl wem,a laf,dak

rdYshla we;s w;r" úúO laf,dak uÛska tajdg úfYaIs; Wilg

me<fha Wi wvq lsrSu is≥fõ' m;%uh flá kgqj fl<jr fmdl=rla

f,i wem,a u,a yg .kakd w;r" tajd frdaiuh iq≥ meyefõ'

m%fNaoh wkqj f.äj, meyeh fld," ly fyda r;= fõ'

idudkHfhka wem,a Ydl wfkl=;a m,;=re úfYaI j,g jvd

oeä YS; ;;a;aj j,g Tfrd;a;= foa' wju jYfhka meh 6'00

l ld,hla merkayhsÜ wxYl 48 WIaK;ajhlg wem,a Ydlhka

ksrdjrKhj ;sîu idr®:l f,i u,a yg.e⁄u i|yd wjYH

fõ' ñgr® 1500 g by< Y%s ,xldfõ Wvrg m%foaYfha ia:dkj,

fuu ;;a;aj olakg ,efí'

miq.sh ld,h ;=< lDIslu_ fomd;_fïka;=j wem,a j.dj

jHdma; Ÿ˙u i|yd W;aidyhka rdYshla ord we;' m<uqfjkau

1950 .Kka j, tlai;a rdPOdksfhka wem,a m%fNao f.kajd

YS% ,xldjg y∫kajd °ug W;aidy ord we;' fuu m%fNao ryka.,

m%dfoaYSh lDIslu_ mr®fhaIK uOHia:dkfha j.dlr m˙laId lrk

,°' ^wdkhkh lrk m%fNao yd ixikaokh l<úg& fuu m%fNao

rij;a .=Kd;aufhka by< f.ä ksIamdokh lrhs' flfia kuq;a

lDIslu_ fomdr®;fïka;=j y∫kajd °ug fmr kqjrt<sh yd n≥,a,

†ia;%slalfha fm!oa.,sl m<;=re WoHdkj, yd f.j;=j, b;d

idrj;aj j.d jQ wem,a Ydl 100 la muK úh' fuu Ydl

j,ska iuyrla by< wiajkq ,nd ≥ka w;r" tkï iEu jirlu

wf.daia;= - Tlaf;danr® udij, f.ä 1500 la muK ,nd ≥ks'

fï wkqj meye°,s jkafka b;sydifha jdr®;d fkdjQ kuQ;a ì%;dkH

md,lhka Y%s ,xldfõ wem,a j.d Ÿ˙ug W;aidy lsrsfï m%;sM,hla

f,i fuu wem,a m%fNao y∫kajd ° we;s njhs'

fuu uQ<slu y∫kajd ≥ka m%fNao j, iajNdjh meyeos,s

ke;s jqj;a tys wdldr 2 la we;s nj lDIs úoHdhska úYajdi

lrhs' miqj lDIslu_ fomd;_fïka;=j úiska fuu m%fNao fol

ryka., f;arsu iy rd., wem,a f,i kï lr we;' fuu

Y%S ,xldfõ wem,a

j.d lsrSfï

idOH;dj

we

2

fjΩu 6" wxl 2 ;dCI◊l f;dr;=re m;%sldj - lDIslu_ fomdr®;fïka;=j'

m%fNao foflys me< ryka., lDIslu_ mr®fhaIK uOHia:dkh"

nKavdrfj, m%dfoaYSh lDIslu_ mr®fhaIK uOHia:dkh" ì≥Kqjej

fiajd ixialrK wNHdi wdh;kh iy ffM;sydisl ymq;f,a

weâIeï nx.,dfjys olakg ,efí'

kgqj wdikakhg jQ r;= meyeh iys; fld, meye;s

f.ä iys; rd., m%fNaoh Y; jr®I lSmhlg fmr hqfrdamfha

iy ´iafÜ%,shdfõ j.d l< msiSu i|yd (cooking type) Ndú;d

l< j.d or®Yhka nj me<Eá úoHdhska úYajdi lrhs' Y%S

,dxlSh mrsir ;;a;aj hgf;a M, oerSu is≥ fkdjk ryx.,

m%fNaoh" Ndú;d l< .%dyl Ydlhla f,i;a fmkakqï flfr®'

1950 .Kkaaj, y∫kajd oqka m%fNaoj, idr®:l;ajh iuÛ

Y%s ,xldfõ by< WÑp;ajh iys; m%foaYj, wem,a j.d l<

yels nj lDIslu_ fomd;_fïka;=j ia:sr lrk ,°' fuys m%;sM,hla

f,i kj iy jvd;a iq≥iq .%dyl iy wkqP m%fNao y∫kajd°u

is≥úh' úúO .%dyl wkqP iïnkaO;d" noaO ls¯fï l%u iy

YIH l%u ms<sn| iúia;rd;aul mr®fhaIK wdrïN úh'

frdaïìhqÜ" fg%dmsl,a ìhqÜ" f,daä" l%sïika ä,sIia" frä ä,sIia

iy bvd frä jeks b;d m%isoaO m%fNao y∫kajd°u flre◊'

ryka., lDIslu_ mr®fhaIK uOHia:dkfha meje;ajQ

mr®fhaIK j,g wkqj wfkl=;a m%fNao yd ixhq;Skag jvd rd.,

iy ryka., .%dyl ixhq;Ska iuÛ frdaï ìhqÜ wkqPh b;d

fyd| jr®Okhla yd in|;djhla fmkakqï lrk ,°' fuys°

rd., m%fNaoh ryx., .%dylhg noaOlr miqj frdaïìhqÜ

m%fNaoh ryka., - rd., ixfhdaPkh i|yd noaO lrkq ,eìh'

fuu ixhq;sh iys; m%fNaoh f.j;= Ydlhla f,i fyd|ska

j.dfõ' flfia kuq;a tla Ydlhla jirlg f.ä 300 la muK

,ndfok neúka jdKsP f,i fuhg we;s úNjh ;j≥rg;a

fidhd oek.; hq;=j ;sfí'

uQ,dY%h( wdpdr®h mS'tï'úfPar;ak" ksfhdaPH lDIslu_ wOHlaI" m%dfoaYShlDIslu_ mr®fhaIK yd ixjr®Ok uOHia:dkh" nKavdrfj,iy nka≥, fyaupkaø" ia:dk Ndr ks,Odrs" lDIslu_ mr®fhaIKuOHia:dkh" ryka.,'

fndïnisfha l=<hg wh;a ¥rshka" jdrhg M, ork" wdishd;sl

rgj, Pkm%sh m<;=rls' tys udxY,h wêYs; lr fyda

ieliSu ;=<ska m,amhla f,i l,a;nd.; yelsh' udxY,fhka

ilid .;a l=vq whsial%sï" flala" Ñmaia iy fjk;a rileú,s

ksIamdokh i|yd Ndú;d l< yeŸh'

nyq,j j.dfjk úfYaIh ¥rsfhda isnf;ksia (Durio

zibethinus J. Murr.) fõ' fuu YdLh fndar®ksfhda ¥m;aj, iïNjh

ú ksjr®:k rgj,a lrd jHdma; ù we;' oeka th ;dhs,ka;h"

uef,aishdj" nDkhs" bka≥kSishdj iy ms,smSkh jeks rgj, nyq,j

j.d fõ' ;dhs,ka;h ¥rshka wmkhk lrk m%Odk;u rgjk

w;r" ms<sfj,ska uef,aishdj yd bka≥ksishdj fofjks yd f;fjks

wmkhklrejka fõ' 1850 ° uef,aishdfjka ¥rshka Y%s ,xldjg

y∫kajd ° we;s w;r" tajd fmardfoKsh rdclSh WoaNso WoHdkfha

isgqjd we;' wdka;sl bvñj, ¥rshka jvd;a ,dnodhs fõ'

M, msysàu i|yd mrmrd.kh ùu ¥rshka i|yd

w;HdjYHfhkau is≥úh hq;a;ls' os.gu ìc uÛska me< m%pdrKh

yd úIufhda.S iajNdjh ksid úúO ,laIK iys; m%fNao olakg

,efí' kuq;a fuu Ydl f;a˙ula is≥ fkdjqk neúka fyd| ,CIK

iys; m%fNao ksr®foaY ls¯u lr fkd;snqKs' fï ksid Ydl jrKh

1991 ° wdrïN jq w;r tys m%;sM,hla f,i .=Kd;aufhka

by< m%fNaohka 2002 cQks ui° ksr®foaY Ÿ˙u i|yd f;dard

.kakd ,°' fuh wU;ekak kñka ye|skafjk w;r th

.=Kd;aufhka by< udxY,h >klu iys; ^jrld wdldr&

m%fNaohla fõ' M, rij;a Ndjh iys; fõ' y∫kd .kakd ,o

uõ Ydlh wjqre≥ 25 la muK jhie;s jk w;r" f.ä 100-

200 la muK M, orhs' ´j,dldr yevfhka hq;= f.ä mrsK;

jkúg ly fld< meyehla .⁄' >klu udxY,h l%Sï meyefhka

hq;= fõ' tys wdydrhg .; yels fldgi m%udKfhka jeäh'

^32]& uOHu iqj|lska hq;= udxY,fha f;;ukh 58] la jk

w;r" ms'tÉ'w.h 6'7 la" fl¢ 0'7]la" fïoh 4'9 la wvx.=

fõ' f.äj, nr ls'.%e'1-3 la w;r jk w;r idudkHh ls'.%e'

1'6 la fõ' ;rula fndl= .eiqkq (concave) uOHu m%udK lgq

iys; f,,a,lska hq;= fõ' f.äh ldm, 5 la iys; jk w;r"

tla fldgil ìc 9-18 la wvx.= fõ' l=[a[ noaO l%uhg

fuu m%fNaoh m%pdrKh lr.; yelsh'

uQ,dY%h( whs' ueof.dv ñh" mr®fhaIK ks,Odrs" WoHdk fnda. mr®fhaIK

yd ixjr®Ok wdh;kh" .kafkdarej'


fuu m;%sldj" fmardfo◊h lDIslu_ fomdr®;fïka;=fõ jHdma;s yd mqyqKq uOHia:dkfha m˙.Kl wxYfha msgq ilia lr .kafk`rejlDIslu_ uqøKd,fha ° uqøKh lrk ,°'

lDIslu_ wud;HdxYhg wh;a lDIslu_ fomdr®;fïka;=fõ jHdma;s yd mqyqKq uOHia:dkh u.ska m%ldYhg m;a fl˙ks'

rd'fia'ms'uqøs; øjHh

Ndr fkd≥kfyd;a wdmiq fhduq lrkak(

wOHCI"jHdma;s yd mqyqKq uOHia:dkh";e'fm' 18"lDIslu_ fomdr®;fïka;=j"fmardfo◊h'

jeä≥r f;dr;=re i|yd úuikak ( wOHCI" jHdma;s yd mqyqKq uOHia:dkh" ;e'fm' 18" lDIslu_ fomdr®;fïka;=j" fmardfo◊h'

ixialrKhmS' jdiqfoajd

m˙jr®;khchka;d b,kafl`ka

Islu_ fomdr®;fïka;=j uÛska m<;=rla f,i m˙fNdackh

l<yels ños ^úÜia úksfmrd& m%fNao 4 la j.d ls¯u

i|yd ksr®foaY lr we;s w;r" ta w;=˙ka uialÜ tïwhs m%fNaoh

jhska iE°u i|yd Ndú;d l< yels fõ' flfia kuq;a fuu

oaú ldr®hh m%fNaoh r;= jhska ksIamdokh i|yd Ndú;d fõ'

jhska iE°u i|yd iqoqiq ños m%fNaohla lDIaslu_ fomdr®;fïka;=j

ksr®foaY lr fkdue;s neúka 2002 cQks ui° kj ñ† m%fNaohla

ksr®foaY lrk ,†' th fm%kaÉ isá whs (French MI) kï úh'fuh úh<s l,dmfha iy wka;r® udOH l,dmfha úh<s m%foaYj,

j.dj i|yd fhda.H jk w;r" há mqia yd msá mqia frda.j,g

uOHia: f,i m%;sfrdaO fõ'

fuu m%fNaoh le,sfmdakshdfjka y¥kajd ¥ka fm%kaÉ fldf,dïndâ

m%fNaofha jrKhls' fuh °,sr frda.j,g t;rï NdPkh fkdjk

w;r y¥kajd ° we;s" w;=remig Ndú;d lrk ñ† m%fNao fuka

fkdj lkak wkqj wiajekafka fjkiaùu t;rï olakg fkd,efí'

uyb,qmam,a,u lafIa;% fnda. mr®fhaIK yd ixjr®Ok wdh;kfha°

uialÜ tïwhs m%fNaoh jvd jeä ñ° fmdl=re m%udKhla ,nd

¥ks'

f.ä l=vd w;r" rij;aNdjfhka wvqh' ì%laia w.h 10-

14] muK fõ' f.ähl idudkH nr .%Eï 1'5 la iy fmd;a;$m,amh

lDnr wkqmd;h 0'17 la muK fõ' f.ä bfok úg fmd;af;a

jr®Kh ly fld, meyehla .ks' mstÉ w.h 3'1 la muK

fõ' fuu m%fNaaoh w;= len,s uq,a weoaoùu uÛska fyda .%dyl

j,g noaO ls¯fuka m%pdrKh lr.; yel' me< isgqjd jirlg

miq wiajkq fk,Su l< yels w;r" wdr®:sl cSú; ld,h wjqre¥

30 la muK fõ' th Yla;su;a$°rsu;a jr®Okhla iys; jk

w;r" flá mr®j iys; ;o ¥Uqre meye;s je,a j,ska hq;=h'

jr®Okh jk w;= ,d fld, meye;s fõ' flá ,dfld,

meye;s myqre iqΩ m%udKhla oelsh yelsh' †. yefrk m;%

j, Wv mDIaGh wΩuh fld, meyejk w;r" há mi ˙°uh

iq¥ meye fõ' fyd|ska jevqKq miq m;% lKaäld 5 lska hq;=

jk w;r" thska 3 la jvd;a meyeos,s fõ' m;% ;,fha Wv

wmspu_h isks≥ (smooth) jk w;r" hï wmspu_h nQj iys;fõ'

mqIau uxcras 3 - 6 olajd jk .eg j, yg.kakd

kuq;a nyq,j yg.kafka 4 iy 5 jk .eg j, fõ' u,a oaú

,sx.slh' lmamd¥fjka i;s 1-2 lg miqj mqIam uxcrs yg .ekSu

olakg ,efí'

lkakh 98 98$99 99 99$00 00 00$01 01 01$02

h, uy h, uy h, uy h, uy

f‘%kaÉ tï whs 5'3 1'2 11'0 9'1 7'8 - 15'7 32'6

uialÜ tï whs 3'0 3'1 11'5 1'2 7'9 - 12'5 5'0

uOHia: úYd,;ajfhka hq;= f.ä fmdl=re ix.;

is,skavrdldr iajrEmhla .kakd w;r" fi'ñ' 17'5 la muK

os.=h' f.ä fyd|ska msfrk w;r" b;d flá ly meye;s

kgqjla iys;h' rjqï f.ä lyuh fld, meye;sh' iuyr

úg mrsk; jk úg úksúouh iajrEmhla .kakd w;r"

fmd;a; myiqfjka .e,fõ' f.ähl ìP 2-3 la wvx.=

fõ' fmdl=fr® f.ä b°u fndfyda¥rg taldldrs fõ'

;sria mqyqKq lsrsfï l%uh iy Ydldjlg mr®j 4-6 la

iys;j lmamd¥j (spur pruning) fuu m%fNaoh i|yd Ndú;dl< yelsh' lDIslu_ fomdr®;fïka;= fmdfydr ksr®foaaYh Ndú;d

l< yelsh'

uQ,dY%h( tia'„' mshodi" mr®fhaIK ks,Odrs" lafIa;% fnda. mr®fhaIK ydixjr®Ok uOHia:dkh" uyb,qmam,a,u'

2"



rlalka (Eleusine coracana L. Gaerth ) †hjeähd frda.Ska

frda.Ska w;r fukau †.= fõ,djla lh fjfyid jev

lrk f.dúuy;=ka w;ro b;d ckms%h OdkHuh wdydrhls' tneúka

l=rlalka i|yd fj<fmdf,ys fyd| ñ,la mj;S' lDIslu_

fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska ksr®foaYs; l=rlalka m%fNao jk tïwhs

301" tïwhs 302 yd rú hk m%fNao w;˙ka" tú m%fNaofha

îc ksIamdokh yd fn∞ ye¯u lDIslu_ fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska

is≥ lrkq ,nhs' wvq wiajekakla ,nd°u yd j.d ld,h jeä

ksid tñwhs 301 yd tuwhs 302 hk l=rlalka m%fNao f.dùka

w;r ckmsh fkdú◊'

jeä wiajekakla ,nd fok fláld,Sk l=rlalka m%fNaohl

wjYH;dj imqrd,kq i|yd bka†hdfjka y∫kajd fok ,o fm,m;a

lSmhl furgg fhda.H;djh ms<sn| m¯CIK 1992 isg is≥

lrkq ,°' PES 110 kï fm,m; furgg b;d fhda.Hnj y∫kd.;a

neúka" 2002 cQks udifha ° 'rdjkd' kñka kj l=rlalka m%fNaohla

f,i f.dùkag j.d ls¯u i|yd ksr®foaY lrk ,°'

jeä wiajekakla ,nd fok m%fNaoh jk rdjKd" h,

iy uy lkak foflysu fukau Wia yd my;a ìï j, j.d

ls¯ug iq≥iqh' oekg ksr®foaYs; rú keue;s m%fNaohg jvd

jeä wiajekakla rdjKd m%fNaoh u.ska ,nd .; yelsh' we|jeàu

wvq rdjKd m%fNaoh j.d lr †k 95-100 muK ld,hl°

wiajekak ,nd .; yelsh' fld, md¨ frda.h yd mqrelamKq

ydkshg rú m%fNaoh yd iudk uOHia: m%;sfrdaë;djhla rdjKd

m%fNao o fmkakqï lrhs'

iDcq jr®ok ú,dihla fmkajk rdjKd m%fNao fi'ó' 85-

90 Wig jr®Okh fõ' isgqjd †k 60 l° muK mqIam yg

.kS' tl lr,l fi'ñ' 6 la muK †. weÛs,s 5-8 la muK

we;' weÛs,s w;= fkdfnfok w;r fï¯fï ° Y=lsldjka ye,Shdula

is≥ fkdfõ'

uQ,dY%h ( fla'tï' lreKdr;ak uhd " mr®fhaIK ks,Od¯"fCIa;% fnda. mr®fhaIK iy ixjr®Ok wdh;kh"uyb¨mam,a,u'

oaYSh fj<|fmdf,a fyd| b,a¨ula we;s ¥˙hka" b;d

fyd| wmkhk úNjhla we;s m,;=rls' úfYaI ,CIK

y∫kdf.k j.dj i|yd ksr®foaYs; m%fNao fkdue;sùu ¥˙hka

j.dj iïnkaOfhka mej;s úYd, wvqmdvqjla úh' îc u.ska

me, ,nd .ekSu yd mrmrd.kh is≥ùu ksid ¥˙hka j.dfõ

me, w;r úYd, fjkialï rdYshla olakg ,efí' fuhg ms<shula

f,i ¥˙hka Ydl úYd, ixLHdjla .fõIKh ls¯fuka mia Wiia

.=Kd;aufhka hq;a f.ä yg.kakd m%fNaohla y∫kdf.k §liqka¶

kñka 2002 cQks udifha° lDIslu_ fomdr®;fïka;=j u.ska j.dj

i|yd ksr®foaY lrk ,°'

uykqjr m%foaYfhka y∫kd.kakd ,o fuu m%fNaoh

jdr®Islj M, orK w;r" jirlg f.ä 400 lg jvd jeäfhka

ksmojhs' mqIam yg .ekSu udr®;=-wfma%,a ld,j,° is≥jk w;r

M,∞j cQ,s" iema;eïnr® ld,j,° fk,d.; yelsh' f.dähl

yevh wKavdldr jk w;r idudkH nr lsf,da .%Eï 1'64 ls'

fï¯fï° lyuh fld< meye;sh' f.äfha msg; lgqfõ ;shqKq

jla jQ lgq ≤lsh yels w;r fuu lgq f.äh flrjr ≤lsh

fkdyel' f.ähl l=yr 5la muK we;s w;r u≥Ω 12la muK

msysghs' ;eô,s lymdg u≥Ω wdlr®Y”h iqj|la yd rihlska

hqla; jk w;r ;rul ;o núka ^jlrd jeks& hq;= jhkhla

we;' f.ähl wdydrhg.; yels fldgi 32] la muK fjhs'

l=[a[ noaOh uÛska ¥˙hka .%dylhla u;g noaO ls¯fuka

fuu m%fNaoh m%pdrKh l< yel' uykqjr" ud;f,a" lE.,a,"

.ïmy" lΩ;r" r;akmqr yd n≥,a, m%foaYfha fldgilg yd

fudKrd., †ia;s%lalfhys j.d ls¯ug liqka m%fNaoh ksr®foaY

lr we;'

uQ,dY%h ( tÉ'tï'tia' ySkaflkao uhd" mr®fhaIK ks,Od¯"WoHdk fnda. mr®fhaIK yd ixjr®Ok wdh;kh".kafkdrej" fmardfo◊h'

l=

f

fjΩu 6" wxl 3 2002 fkdjeïnr® - foieïnr®


ne,Sfï m˙CIK j,° ,nd.;a wiajkq o;a; iei£u'

^fylaghdrhlg fu'fgd'&

m%fNaoh$ h, 99 uy 99$2000 h, 2000

fm,m;

PB 2-3 14'1 17'4 3'7 10'6 11'4 24'7 22'3 30'3

PB 4-8 7'2 15'3 1'4 6'9 4'7 7'3 16'8 11'6

PB 8-18 7'7 18'3 2'1 7'2 5'8 8'4 17'3 14'4

f.dùkf.a

j.d or®Y 10'3 15'6 1'5 7'0 - 22'6 19'9 14'7

K.W.G. 11'0 16'8 1'0 5'4 3'9 12'7 14'4 12'3

§,xld ngr®¶ lymeye;s lr,a iys; je,a fndaxÑ m%fNaohls'

mqIam oïmeye;sh' isgqjd †k 41-47 muK ° 50] l mqIam

msfmk wjia:djg m;a fõ' bka †k 16-22 g muK miqj m<uq

wiajekak fk,d .; yelsh' tla fmdl=rl lr,a 3-4 la yg.kakd

w;r wiajkq jdr 7-8 ,nd .ekSfï yelshdj we;' lr, yrialv

rjqïh' îc lΩ meye;sh' lsf,da tll nrla" lr,a 90 lska

muK ,efí' ,xld ngr® m%fNaofha úNj wiajekak fylaghdrhg

fgdka 30 ls'

,xld ngr® m%fNaoh uq,a l=Kqùu" weka;%elafkdaia yd u,lv

frda. j,g fyd¢ka Tfrd;a;= fohs'

uq,dY%h ( wdpdr®h tÉ'tï' wd˙hr;ak uhd" mr®fhaIKks,Od¯" WoHdk fnda. mr®fhaIK yd ixjr®Ok wdh;kh".kafkdrej'

;d ckms%h ckms%h t,jΩjla jk je,afndaxÑ (Phaseolus

vulgaris) n≥,a," kqjrt<sh" uykqjr" ud;f,a iy r;akmqr

†ia;s%lalj, nyq, f,i j.d lr;s' uqΩ fndaxÑ ksIamdokfhka

95]lau ksmojkafka fuu †ia;s%lalhkaysh' fï w;˙ka n≥,a,

†ia;s%lalh uqΩ fndaxÑ ksIamdokfhka 30-40]la ksmojhs' fld,

meye;s lr,a iys; flkagls fjdakavr® .S%ka (KWG), yd lymeye;s lr,a iys; flkagls fjdakavr® jelia (KWW) kñka

m%fNao folla lDIslu_ fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska óg fmr ksr®foaY

lrk ,°' nyq,j ≤lsh yels fndaxÑ frda. jk u,lv frda.h"

weka;%elafkdaia frda.h iy fldaKdldr m;% ,m frda.hg fuu

m%fNao fol .%dyS;djhla ≤lajq ksid f.dùka w;r fuu m%fNao

fol ckms%h fkdú◊'

fï ksid f.dùka Tjqka úiskau f;dard.;a fndaxÑ or®Y

j.d lr;s' f.dùka j.d lrk m%fNao fndfyduhla ñY% m%fNao

ksid lr,a j, mdg" yevh" m%udKh yd wiajekafka fjkialï

rdYshla ≤lsh yel' fuu foaYSh je,afndaxÑ j.d or®Y wLKav

jrKh;a is≥ls¯fuka jeä †hqKq ls¯fï yelshdj we;'

f.dùkag j.dj i|yd ksr®foaY ls¯ug iq≥iq je,afndaxÑ

j.d m%fNaohla y∫kdf.k" jrKh ls¯u i|yd nKavdrfj,

m%dfoaYSh lDIslu_ mr®fhaIK yd ixjr®Ok uOHia:dkh u.ska

mr®fhaIK jevigykla ls%hd;aul lrk ,°' je,suv m%foaYfhka

f;dard.kakd ,o lymeye;s lr,a iys; je,afndaxÑ fm,m;

j.djg b;d iq≥iq nj y∫kd.;a neúka" 2002 cQks udifha°

f.dùkag j.d ls¯u i|yd §,xld ngr®¶ kñka fuu m%fNaoh

ksr®foaY lrk ,°'

fuu §,xld ngr®¶ m%fNaoh" cd;sl iïnkaëlrK m%fNao

w;ay∞ne,Sï (NCVT) iy m%fNao wkqjr®;s;d w;ay∞ ne,Sï

(VAT m¯CIK j,° PB 2-3 f,i kï lr ;snq◊'

j.= wxl 1 ( nKavdrfj, m%d'lD'mr®'yd ix'uOHia:dkfha is≥lrk

,o cd;sl iïnkaëlrK m%fNao w;ay∞ ne,Sï m¯CIK

j,° ,xld ngr® iy wfkl=;a je,afndaxÑ jrKhka

j, wiajkq iei£u' ^fylaghdrhlg fuá%lafgdka&

m%fNaoh$ h, uy uy uy uOHhkh

fm,m; 96 96$97 97$98 98$99

PB 2-3 17'6 23'9 13'9 16'4 18'0

PB 1-2 19'2 21'5 9'9 14'5 16'2

PB 8-18 13'8 24'2 11'9 16'2 16'5

PB 4-8 12'7 21'05 7'8 16'6 14'5

KWG 6'3 20'85 5'7 10'1 10'7

j.= wxl 2 ( f.dú fCIa;% j, is≥lrk ,o m%fNao wkqjr®;s;d w;ay∞

b

n,xf.dv

nKavdrfj,

n,xf.dv

je,suv

uykqjr

n,xf.dv

je,suv

uykqjr

je ,afndaxÑ" r;akmqr †ia;s%lalfha" nx,f.dv m%foafha b;dckms%h t<jΩjls' n,xf.dv f.dùka foaYSh j.d or®Y

rdYshla j.d lrkq ,nk w;r tajdfha .;s,CIK j, yd ,efnk

wiajekafka mqΩ,a úp,;djhla fmkakqï lrhs' tneúka nKavdrfj,

m%dfoaYSh lDIslu_ mr®fhaIK yd ixjr®Ok uOHia:dkh u.ska

n,xf.dv m%foaYhg iq≥iq jeä wiajekakla ,nd fok je,afndaxÑ

m%fNaohla f;dard .ekSu i|yd mr®fhaIK jevigykla ls%hd;aul

lrk ,°'

n,xf.dv m%foaYfhka f;dard .kakd ,o jrKhka w;˙ka

r;akmqr †ia;s%lalfha f.dú fCIa;%j, lrk ,o m%fNao wkqjr®;s;d

w;ay∞ ne,fï (VAT) m¯CIK j,o fï (BLV-1) jeä

wiajekakla ,nd ≥◊'

2 3

j.= wxlh 1( 1988 h, m%fNao wkqjr®;s;d w;ayod ne,Sfï m¯CIK

j,° BLV-1 ,nd≥ka wiajkq o;a;

m%fNaoh wiajekak^fylaghdrhg fuá%la fgdka&

n,a,legqj n,xf.dv

^n≥,a,& ^r;akmqr&

BLV - 1 8'4 22'2

RBG - 2 8'2 11'4

RBG - 10 7'3 -

f.dùkaf.a jrKh - 7'2

K.W.G 5'1 10'8

LSD (p=0.05) 1'9 1'5

CV% 27'3 27'3

j.= wxl 2 ( n,xf.dv m%foaYfha m%fNao w;ay∞ ne,Sï m¯CIK

j,° BLV- 1 iy wfkl=;a m%fNao$fm,m;a j, wiajkq

iei°u'

m%fNaoh$fm,m; h, uy h,

1999 99$2000 2000

Pb 2-3 14'1 3'1 24'7

Pb 4-8 7'2 1'4 7'3

Pb 8-18 7'7 2'1 8'4

f.dùkaf.a jrK 10'3 1'5 22'6

BLV-1 13'2 2'7 28'6

LSD - 0'4 78

CV% - 31'7 17'4

BLV-1 lDIslu_ fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska 2002 cQks udifha°§n,xf.dv ks,a¶ kñka n,xf.dv m%foaYfha j.d ls¯u i|yd

ksr®foaY lrk ,°'

n,xf.dv ks,a fi'ó' 14 muK †.e;s rjqï fld, meye;s

lr,a yg.kakd je,a fndaxÑ m%fNaohls' isgqjd †k 43 la 50]

l mqIam msfmk wjia:djg m;ajk w;r isgqjd †k 46 m<uq

wiajekak fk,d .; yelsh' fmdl=rl lr,a 3'4 la we;s w;r

tla lr,l îc 7-8 la mj;S'

n,xf.dv ks,a m%fNaofha je,lska lr,a 21 la muK ,efnk

w;r tla lsf,da .%Euhla i|yd lr,a 130 la muK wjYHh'

f.dúuy;=ka fuu m%fNaoh j.d fldg fylaghdrhlg fuá%la

fgdka 14'2 muK ,nd .kakd kuq;a fuys úNj wiajekak

fylaghdrhg fñá%la fgdka 28 la muK fõ'

n,xf.dv ks,a m%fNaofha îc ≥Uqre meye;sh' jl=.vq

yeve;sh' îc 1000 l nr .%Eï 190 la muK fõ'

flkavr® fjdkavr® .S%ka m%fNaohg jvd n,xf.dv ks,a

m%fNaohg uq,a l=Kqùfï frda.hg yd weka;%elafkdaia frda.hg

fyd¢ka Tfrd;a;=°fï yelshdjla we;' ksjer† md,k l%u

wkq.ukh ls¯fuka fndfyda lDñ wdidokhka md,kh l, yel'

uQ,dY%h ( wdpdr®h tÉ'tï' wd˙hr;ak uhd" mr®fhaIK ks,Od¯"WoHdk fnda. mr®fhaIK yd ixjr®Ok wdh;kh".kafkdrej'

,dxlsl f.dúhdg ñ˙ia b;d jeo.;a uqo,a fnda.hls' 2001

jr®Ifha ° j.d l, N+ñ m%udKh idudkHfhka fylaghdr®

20"000 la muK jQ w;r úh,s ñ˙ia ksIamdokh fu'fgd' 15"000

la muK úh' foaYSh úh,s ñ˙ia wjYH;djh jirlg fu'fgd'

4"000 la muK fõ'

ñ˙ia j,ska ,efnk wvq wiajekak jeä ls¯fï° ie,lsh

hq;= m%Odk fya;= w;r úh<s ñ˙ia j, .=K;auh wvq lrk

weka;%elafkdaia frda.h iy úh,s ñ˙ia l,a;nd .; yels ld,h

wvqùuo uQ,sl fõ' ≤kg ksr®foaYs; m%fNaohkays fuu ,CIK

wvqh' fï ;Fjh uÛ yrjd .ekSu i|yd lDIslu_ fomdr®;fïka;=j

úiska 2002 cQks udifha ° §tï'whs'fydÜ¶ kñka kj ñ˙ia m%fNaohla

ksr®foaY lrk ,°'

§tï'whs fydÜ¶ foaYSShj wNsckkh l, m%fNaohla jk

w;rt weka;%elafkdaia frda.hg uOHia: m%;sfrdaë;djhla fmkajhs'

ir®liafmdard m;% ,m frda.hg iy fldweksf;dard wx.udr ˙ls,s

l=Kqùu& frda.hg fCIa;%fha° Tfrd;a;= °fï ,CIK fmkakqï

lrhs' jr®Id-fmdaIs; ;Fjhkays° by, wiajekakla ,nd fok

tï'whs fydÜ m%fNaoh wvq f;;uk ;Fj hgf;a ° o fyd†ka

kv;a;= l< yelsh' ≤kg ksr®foaYs; m%fNaohkag jvd jeä ld,hla

.nvd lr ;eìh yels w;r ksmojkq ,nk úh,s ñ˙ia j,

wdlr®Y”h nj jeäh' §tï whs fydÜ¶ wvq ñ˙ia f,i fukau

úh,s ñ˙ia ksmoùug i|yd o tlfia iq≥iqh'

f.dú fCIa;% j, h, yd uy folkakfhys lrk ,o

m%fNao wkqjr®;s;d w;ay∞ ne,Sfï m¯CIK j,°" jeä úh<s

ñ˙ia ksIamdokhla ,nd .kakd ,°'

fjΩu 6" wxl ;dCI◊l f;dr;=re m;%sldj - lDIslu_ fomdr®;fïka;=j'

YS%

3 3



rd'fia'ms'uqøs; øjHhNdr fkd≥kfyd;a wdmiq fhduq lrkak(



ixialrKhchka;d b,kafl`ka

lDIslu_" mY= iïm;a" bvï yd jd˙ud._ wud;HdxYhg wh;a lDIslu_ fomdr®;fïka;=fõ jHdma;s yd mqyqKq uOHia:dkh u.skam%ldYhg m;a fl˙ks'

lDIs - ;dCIK ''''''' Æyqçka

ld,Sk ;dCI◊l f;dr;=re ixCIsma;j ;dCIKfõ°ka" úfYaIfhkau jHdma;s ks,OdrSka fj; ,nd°fï wruqK

Wfoid lDIs - ;dCIK m;%sldj jHdma;s yd mqyqKq uOHia:dkh úiska j˙ka jr ks;=;a lrkq ,efí' fuu m;%sldfõ

wvx.= f;dr;=re fndfyduhlau m%Njh ù we;af;a lDIslu_ fomdr®;fïka;=fõ úúO wdh;k iy uOHia:dk

j,sks' ;jo" fjk;a kEu uQ,dY%hlska Wmqgd .; yelsjQo" fCIa;%fha m%dfh`.slj fhdod.; yelsjQo" f;dr;=re

fõ kï" tjeks oE o lDIs - ;dCIK m;%sldfjys wka;r®.; jkq we;'

- ixialdrl -

j.= wxl 1 ( 2001 h, lkakfha ° §tï whs fydÜ¶ m%fNaofhka ,enqKq wiajkq o;a; - úh,s ñ˙ia wiajekak ^fylaghdrg&

m%fNaoh$fm,m;

ia:dkh MI fydÜ* DC 9874 DC 98471 DC 985-3 MI 2 wreKΩ

;siaiudrduh 3254 3163 2895 2942 2954 2063

ud.u 2428 1954 2045 1836 1855 1655

tmamdj, 2465 3285 2938 2653 2763 2222

u,sh†jq,ajej 2836 2763 2992 2435 2735 1925

;Uq;af;a.u 2245 2463 1963 1862 1978 1245

fn,a,kalvj, 2976 2798 2245 2102 2048 1543

fia'ix'w'wd'^uyb¨mam,a,u& 2939 1939 1932 1300 1002 1043

lsrf,da.u 1843 1745 1245 1485 1675 990

* wNsckk fm,m; ãiS 98171

j.= wxl 2 ( 01$02 uy lkakfha m%fNao wkqjr®;s;d w;ay∞ne,Sï m¯CIK j,o tÉ'whs' fydá ,nd≥ka wiajkq o;a;'

m%fNaoh$fm,m;

ia:dkh MI fydÜ DC 9874 DC 985-3 MI 2

;siaiuydrduh 2245 1962 1431 1563

;Uq;af;a.u 1945 1742 1213 1432

fn,a,kalvj, 1879 2080 1242 1354

leáhdj 2142 2246 1423 1839

tmamdj, 2040 2034 1472 1488

taà whs fydÜ m%fNaofha Ydl úhk fkdúys°" tl;=j

mj;sk w;r uOHia: f,i w;= yg .kS' iq≥ meye;s mqIam

;ks ;ksj lCIShj yg .kS' lr,la fi'ó' 6'5-7'5 la muK

†.h' fl,jr W,aj mj;S' bfok úg r;= meye;sh' wêl

ier.;shla we;' úh,s ñ˙ia lr,a" jr®K fjkiaùulska f;drj

udi 06 la muK ld,hla .nvd lr ;nd.; yelshs'

tïwhs fydÜ" weka;%elafkdaia frda.hg uOHia: f,i

m%;sfrdaè;djhla fmkajhs' tuksid ksmojkq ,nk úh<s ñ˙ia

j, wvx.= jk iq≥lr,a ixLHdj b;du;au wvqh' tnejska ksr®foaYs;

wfkla us˙ia m%fNao j,g jvd tïwhs fydÜ ñ˙ia m%fNaohg

f.dùka jeä leue;a;la olajhs'

uQ,dY%h ( fla'ã'ta' fmfr®rd fukúh" w;sfr®l wOHCIm,;=re mr®fhaIK yd ixjr®Ok uOHia:dkh"fydrK'

34



y; rg yd ueorg f;;a l,dmsh m%foaY j, j.d

lrk b;d ckm%sh t<jΩjls jegfldΩ' †.eá f.,la

iys; LA 33 keue;s jegfldΩ m%fNaoh óg l<lg by;°

lDIslu_ fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska ksr®foaY lrk ,°' tneúka jvd

fyd| jegfldΩ m%fNaohl wjYH;djh †=.= l,l isg mej;=Ks'

2002 cQks udifha° wdisrs kñka kj jegfldΩ m%fNaohla

lDIslu_ fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska ksoyia lrk ,°' fuh flá

f.,la iys; fi'ó' 31 muK †. uOHu m%udKfha jegfldΩ

lr,a ksmojhs' f;;a l,dmSh m%foaYj, lrk ,o cd;sl

iïnkaëlrK m%fNao w;ayod ne,Sfï (NCVT) mrSCIK j,oS

LA 33 m%fNaoh" wdisrs m%fNaohg jvd jeä wiajekakla ,nd≥kako"

LA 33 m%fNaohg jvd fyd| Wmfhda.s;djhla wdisrs m%fNaoh

fmkakqï lrk ,†' wdisrs m%fNaoh me,Eá cdk iïm;a

uOHia:dkfha cdk tl;=fjka ,nd .kakd ,o foaYSh jrKhls'

j.= wxl( 1 cd;sl iïnkaëlrK m%fNao w;ayod ne,Sfï mrSCIK

j,oS wdisrs yd LA 33 m%fNao fmkakqï lrk ,o wiajkq

idrdxY yd Wmfhda.s;d wxlhka'

m%fNaoh idudkH wiajekak ^fyla$fgdka& Wmfhda.s;d

uy h, uOHhkh wxlh

wdisrs 6'12 9'70 7'91 3

LA 33 6'92 0'42 8'17 4

my; rg f;;a l,dmfha iy ueorg f;;a l,dmfha

f.dú fCIa;%j, h, uy folkakfhysu lrkq ,enQ m%fNao

Wmfhda.s;d w;ayod ne,Sfï (VAT) mrSCIK j,oS wdisrs m%fNaao

jeä wiajekakla iy jvd fyd| Wmfhda.s;djhla fmkakqï lrk

,†'

j.= wxl( 2 f.dú fCIa;% j, is≥ lrkq ,enQ m%fNao Wmfhda.s;d

w;ayod ne,Sfï mrSCIK j, ,enqKq wiajkq idrdxY

yd Wmfhda.s;d wxlhka'

m%fNaoh idudkH wiajekak ^fyla$fgdka& Wmfhda.s;d

uy h, uOHhkh wxlh

wdisrs 9'11 10'95 10'03 2

LA 33 5'32 7'08 6'20 4

LA 33 yd wfkl=;a mrSCId lrk ,o fm,m;a iuÛ

iei°fïoS f.dùka fukau mdrsfNda.slhska o wdisrs m%fNaohg

jeä leue;a;la olajk ,†' LA 33 iuÛ iei°fïoS jeä

ì%laia w.hla iy wvq c, m%udKhla wdisrs m%fNaofha mej;=Ks'

tfiau LA 33 m%fNaohg idfmalaIj jeä úh<s øjH m%udKhla"

lEug jeä reÑl;ajhla fukau msiSug .;jk ld,ho wdisrs

m%fNaofha wvq njla fmkakqï lrhs'

fld, meye;s m;% ;rula fnoS we;s w;r uOHia:

m%udKhg frdau msysghs' tal.Dys Ydlhl mqIam msmSfï ú,dYhla

fmkajk w;r isgqùfuka †k 38 l muK ld,hloS 50] l

mqx mqIam msfmk wjia:djg o" †k 45 la muK ld,hloS

50] Pdhd mqIam msfmk wjia:djg o" m;afõ' isgqùfuka †k

52 l muK ld,hl† t<jΩjla f,i m%fhdackhg .ekSu i|yd

wiajekak fk,d.; yel' isgqùu i|yd îc ,nd .ekSug †k

90 la muK ld,hl° lr,a fk,d .; yel' mqIam msmSu l,ska

is≥jkjd fukau wdisrs m%fNaohg †k 43 la muK jk †.=

wiajkq ,nd.; yels ld,hla o mj;S'

t<jΩjla i|yd wiajkq fk,k wjia:dfõ° fld< meye;s

(138 A-B), wdh; yeve;s jegfldΩ lrf,a .eUqre odr 10

la msysghs' mrsk; wjia:dfõos lrf,a †. fi'ó' 31 muK

jk w;r lrf,a Wmrsu úYalïNh fi'ñ' 7'7 ls' lrf,a u;=msg

mDIaGh wêl /<s .;shla fmkakqï lrhs' lr,l nr .%Eï

280 la muK fõ' lrf,a uoh fld<uh iq≥ meye;sh'

^157 B& kgk c,fha úkdä 4 l ld,hlska Whd .ekSfï yelshdj

we;'

fïrE îc lΩ meye;sh' lr,l îc 150 la muK we;'

îc .%Eï 100 l nr .%Eï 10'6 ls'

fldwe;sfkdard †,Srh uÛska we;s lrk mqIam wx.udrh

iy fkdfïrE M, l=Kqùfï frda.S ;;ajhkag iy iqfvdf*rfkdiafmdard

†,Sr úfYaI uÛska we;s lrk hámqia frda.hg o LA 33 gidfmalaIj wdisrs m%fNaoh i;=j fyd| m%;sfrdaë;djhla mj;S'

uQ,dY%h( ã'cS'tia'r;akmd, ñh" mr®fhaIK ks,OdrSksm%dfoaYSh lDIslu_ mr®fhaIK yd ixjr®Ok uOHia:dkhfndUqfj,'

fjΩu 6" wxl 4 2003 ckjd˙ - fmnrjd˙

m


,dxlslhska w;r uql=Kqjekak ckm%sh fld< t,jΩjls'tuÛska wdydrhg úgñka" hlv yd ;ka;= imhd fohs'fj<|fmdf,ka ñ,oS .kakd uql=Kqjekak wdydrhg .ekSug

fmr fïrE iy wkjYH fldgia bj;a lr fyd|ska fidaod msrsis≥lr.; hq;=h' jeä ld,hla jeh jk fuu ls%hdj,sh" ldr®hnyq, .DyKshka úiska ms<sfh, lrk ffoksl wdydr i,dlhguql=Kqjekak tlalr .ekSug we;s wjia:dj uÛ yerùug fya;=ùwe;' msiSug ilia l< wdldrhg uql=Kqjekak ,nd .ekSugie,eiaúh yels kï uql=Kqjekak wdydrhg tlalr .ekSu ógjvd †rsu;a l< yel'

t<jΩjla" msiSug ilia l< wdldrhg ms<sfh, lsrSu§wr®O f,i ieliSu¶ f,i yªkajhs' wr®O f,i ieliQ wdydrj, by, Yajik fõ.hla we;s w;r tajd CIqø„ù uÛska krlaùugolajk md;s%;djh o jeäh' wr®O f,i ieliQ wdydrhl cSú;ld,h jeälr .ekSug mQr®fjdamdhka fh†h hq;= w;r CIqøcSùkaf.ka wdrCId lr .ekSu o l, hq;=h'

uql=Kqjekak isyska fldgia j,g lemSfïoS msgjk ffi,hqI iy ffi, hqI u; CIqøcSùka b;d fõ.fhka .=Kkh ùufya;=fjka ≥Uqre meye;s wjr®K ùula is≥fõ' tu ksid wr®Of,i ilik ,o uql=Kqjekak j, cSú; ld,h jeälr .ekSugiy CIqø„ùkaf.ka wdrCId lr .ekSug wdrCIl ls%hd udr®.hlawkq.ukh l< hq;=h'

uql=Kqjekak wr®O f,i ieliSfï kj ;dCIKsl l%uhla.kafkdarej wdydr mr®fhaIK tallh úiska ixjr®Okh lr we;'

tu ls%hdj,sh my; wdldr fõ'

l fj<|fmdf,ka ñ,oS .kakd ,o uql=Kqjekak j,skawdydrhg .; yels fldgi fjkalr .ekSu'

l .,dhk lrdu c,fhka fiaoSu

l WIaK;ajh fi'f.a%a' 80 la muK jQ 100 ppm laf,darSkac,fha .s,aùu'

l laf,darSka bj;ajk ;=re YS;, c,fhka fidaod msrsis≥ lsrSu'

l c,h bj;a ù hdug ;eîu'

l m%;sldr lrk ,o uql=Kqjekak j, fkdnefok jdfkamsyshlska isyskaj lemSu'

l fi'ó' 19‹14 m%udKfha f.aca 150 fmd,sfm%dms,ska nE.hlisyskaj lmk ,o uql=Kqjekak .%Eï 100 la wiqrd jdhqfrdaOljk fia fyd|ska iS,a lsrSu'

fuu melÜ fi'f.a%' 80 WIaK;ajfha we;s YS;lrKhl†k 07 la .nvd lr ;eìh yel'

m%;sldr fkdlr isyskaj lmd fi'f.a%' 80 WIaKlajfha ;nk,o uql=Kqjekak j,g jvd m%;sldr lr wr®O f,i ieliQ uql=Kqjekakj, ≥Uqre meye wjr®K ùu b;d wvqh' tneúka wr®O f,iieliQ uql=Kqjekak j, cSú; ld,h jeälr .ekSu 1] isà%lawï, m%;sldrh lsrSu b;d wjYHh' wm wdydrhg .kakd m,;=reyd t<jΩ fndfydauhlg iajNdúlj isá%la wï,h wvx.=j we;sksid" isá%la wï,h wdydrhl tlaùu ydksodhl fkdfõ'

WIaK;ajh fi'f.a%' 80 l mj;sk YS;lrKhl .nvdlsrSfuka †k 07 la muK ld,hla CIqø cSù ydks j,ska f;drj;nd .; yel' wr®O f,i ieliQ uql=Kqjekak .%Eï tll isákCIqø cSú ixLHdj ydkslr uÜgug jvd fndfyda fia wvq neúkafuu ;dCIKfha ilil ,o uql=Kqjekak wdydrhg .ekSuwdrCIdldrSh'

YS;lrK myiqlï iys; iqmrs fj<|ie,a fyda kEu fj<|ie,l° fufia wr®O f,i ieliQ uql=Kqjekak by, ñ,lg wf,úlr.ekSfï yelshdjla we;' fuh ldr®h nyq, mqoa.,hska i|yd myiqksIamdokhls' fï ms<sn| Wkkaøjla olajk ´kEu wfhl=g fuhmyiq iajhx /lshd wjia:djla njg m;alr .; yel'

1] isá%la wï, ødjKhg wdfoaYlhla f,i 20 ppmfmdgEishï fugd nhs i,a*hsÜ (KMS) fhdod .; yels kuq;a fuh

iuyr mqoa.,hska i|yd wdid;añl;d we;s lrhs' tneúka uql=Kqjekakm%;sldr lsrsu i|yd 1] isá%la wï, ødjKh ksr®foaY lrhs'

uq,dY%h( wdpdr®h( fla'tÉ'idrdkkao" mr®fhaIK ks,OdrSwdydr mr®fhaIK tallh" .kafkdarej'

r

YS%

Ω OdkH fnda. j, wNsckk jev igyk" uyb¨mam,a,u

fCIa;% fnda. mr®fhaIK yd ixjr®Ok wdh;kh uÛska

is≥lrk jeo.;a mr®fhaIK jev igykls' Ys% ,xldfõ fndfyda

m%foaYj, j.d lrk b;d jeo.;a" ckms%h fnda.hla jk nvbrsÛ=

fuu jev igyfkys m%Odk ia:dkhla ysñlr f.k we;'

1998 isg ;ks uqyqï l%uhg ,nd.;a nvbrsÛ= fouqyqï

(Single Cross Maize Hybrids) 300 lg jeä ixLHdjla jeä†hqKq lr we.hSu uyb¨mam,a,u fCIa;% fnda. mr®fhaIK yd

ixjr®Ok wdh;kh uÛska is≥lr we;' uq,a wjêfha° uelaisfldafõ

cd;Hka;r ;srsÛ= yd nvbrsÛ= jeä †hqKq lsrSfï uOHia:dkfhka

,nd .kakd ,o uõ fm<m;a j,ska ;ks uqyqï (single crosses)164 la" kshx m%;sfrdaë;djh" by, .=Kd;aufhka hq;a fm%daák

^,hsiska yd á%mafgdmEka jeä& frda. m%;sfrdaë;dj jeks úfYaIs;

.=Kdx. yd jeä wiajkq ,nd°u jeks lreKq i,ld jeä †hqKq

lrk ,†' miq.sh jir 4 l ld,h ;=, lrk ,o we.hSfï

jev igyka j,ska n,dfmdfrd;a;= ;eìh yels fouqyqï lSmhla

y∫kdf.k we;'

jdKsc fouqyqï yd iudk wiajekakla ,ndfok" kshx

m%;sfrdaë;djhla fmkajk mdrsY=oaO fm<m;a iys; fouqyqï 03

la fï w;r we;' fuu fouqyqï j, îc lDIslu_ fomdr®;fïka;=jg

wh;a l=Kavidf,a îc f.dúmf,a 2001$2002 uy lkakfha isg

ksmoùu lrhs' fuu fouqyqï wkqrdOmqr †ia;s%lalfha f.dùkaf.a

fCIa;% j,oS jeä≥rg we.hSulg ,lalrk ,°' fuu îc j,ska

fldgila iqΩ ñ,lg" wkqrdOmqr f.dùkag wf,ú lrk ,†'

fuhg wu;rj .=Kd;aul fm%daàka j,ska iukaú; nvbrsÛ=

(Quality Protein Maize - QPM) fouqyqï 21 ixjr®Okh lr we;'

fuhska uqyqï lsysmhl by< wiajekakla iy OdkH lKsld j,

.=Kd;auh fyd| nj y∫kdf.k we;' idudkH nvbrsÛ= iuÛ

iei|SfïoS .=Kd;aul fm%daáka iys; nvbrsÛ= l=vd <uqkaf.a iy

f.dúm, i;=kaf.a nr jeäùu flfrys jvd ldr®hCIuj n,mdk

nj fidhd f.k we;' tneúka wkd.;fha° idudkH nvbrsÛ=

fjkqjg .=Kd;aul fm%daàka wvx.= nvbrsÛ= mdrsfNdackh jeä

lsrSug mshjr .; hq;=j we;'

uQ,dY%h( fla'tï'lreKdr;ak uhd" mr®fhaIK ks,OdrsfCIa;% fnda. mr®fhaIK yd ixjr®Ok wdh;khuyb¨mam,a,u'

42

fjΩu 6" wxl ;dCI◊l f;dr;=re m;%sldj - lDIslu_ fomdr®;fïka;=j'

,xldfõ b;d úYd, f,i j.d lrk jÜglald fnda.hg

wiajkq fk,k ld,fha° ,efnkafka b;d wvq ñ,ls' tneúka

j.d lrejkag ;u ksIamdok j,g ,efnkqfha b;d wvq ñ,ls'

wdydr cSr®Kfha° ñgñka §ta¶ njg mrsjr®;kh jk §îgd¶

lefrdàka B lefrdàka& ,nd fok fyd| m%Njhla f,i jÜglaldie,lsh yel' jÜglald .%Eï 100 lska úgñka §ta¶ .%Eï 0'9

,nd fohs'

jÜglald m%Odk;u t<jΩjla f,i m%fhdackhg .kS'

wdydr mr®fhaIK tallh uÛska is≥lrk ,o mr®fhaIK j,

m%;sM,hla f,i jÜglald j,ska idr®:l f,i cEï ksIamdokh

l< yels nj fidhd .kakd ,†' fuu wu;r Ndú;h ksid

jÜglald jeú,slrejkag ;u ksIamdok i|yd by< ñ,la ,eìfï

wjia:djla Wodúh yel' m<;=re ysÛ ld,j,oS cEï ieoSug

wdfoaYlhla f,i jÜglald fhdod .ekSug o yelshdj we;'

wjYH øjH(

jÜglald m,amh ls'.%Eï 01

iSks ls'.%Eï 01

isá%la wï,h fyda foys hqI .%Eï 1'5 - 2'0

fmlaáka .%Eï 10

wkqu; rildrl iy jr®Kl

idok l%uh(

fyd|ska fïrE jÜglald f.ä f;dard" fyd|ska fidaod

msrsis≥lr msg fmd;a; iy weg bj;a lrkak' l=vd fldgia

j,g lmd Ndckhlg oud" lE,s hï;ï jefik fia c,h

tl;= lr uD≥ jk;=re ;ïnd .kak' c,h fmrd" uD≥ f,i

;ïnk ,o jÜglald lE,s íf,kavrhl fyda m,amrhl

wdOdrfhka fmdälr" fmrd ;ka;=ul fldgia bj;a lr m,amh

idod .kak'

fuu m,amhg iSks yd isá%la wï,h ° we;s m%udKhg

tl;=lr fyd|ska ye† .dñka Whkak' ;rula Wl=jk úg iSks

iaj,amhla iuÛ wUrd.;a fmlaàka thg tl;= lrkak' cEï

j, kshu mou tkúg rildrl yd jr®Kl tl;= lrkak'

cEï j, l,a;nd .ekSfï ld,h jeä lsrSu i|yd jÜglald

cEï lsf,da .%Eï tllg fidaähï fugd nhs i,a*hsÜ ñ,s .%Eï

40 la tl;= lr fyd|ska ñY% lrkak'

ms<sfh, lrk ,o cEï" úIîc kdYkh lrk ,o fnda;,a

fyda ma,diaála n∫ka j,g mqrjd iS,a lrkak' cEï wiqrk ,o

n∫ka isis,a úh,s ia:dkhl úl=Kk ;=re fyda m%fhdackhg .kakd

f;la ;nkak'

uQ,dY%h( iS'fla'rKjk" mr®fhaIK iyldrwdydr mr®fhaIK tallh.kafkdarej

YS%

f uu frda.S ;;a;ajh wdrïNl wjia:dfõ ° M, u;

iq≥ fyda ≥Uqre meye;s ;s;la f,i we;s ù" l%ufhka

úYd, ù wdid†; mgl úh<S hk w;r ;o ≥Uqre meyehg

yefr®' miqj fuh fyd¢ka y∫kd.; yels" .s¨Kq" iula jeks

me,a,ula njg m;a fõ' fuu ;Fjh M,fha w. fl,jr ±lsh

yels neúka" M, w. l=Kqùu f,i y∫kajhs'

m%udKj;a f,i le,aishï fkd,eîu fuu ;Fjhg fya;=

fõ' le,aishï" ffi,j, ffi, ì;a;s f.dvkexùug wjYHjk

le,aishï fmlafÜÜ j, ix>glhls' tuksid ;lald,s f.ä úYd,

ùug n,mdk jeo.;a uQ,øjHhla f,i le,aishï ls%hd lrhs'

;lald,s f.ä j, jr®Ok fõ.h" ;lald,s m%fNaoh

ke;fyd;a Pdk ixhq;sh iy WIaKFjh" wdr®ø;djh jeks md˙i˙l

idOl u; rπ mj;S' tneúka ;lald,s f.ä j, jr®Okh i|yd

m%udKj;a f,i le,aishï iemhSu l, hq;=h'

;lald,s Ydlhg m%udKj;a f,i le,aishï fkd,eîhdug

fya;= f,i mfia wvq uÜgñka le,aishï meje;Su" wys;lr

mdxY= ;Fjhka fya;=fjka ;lald,s Ydlhg mfia we;s le,aishï

wjfYdaIKh lr.; fkdyelsùu iy c, ysÛ;djh ±laúh

yel' YS% ,xldfõ ;lald,s j, w. l=Kqùfï ;Fjhg fndfyda

úg fya;=jkafka c, ysÛ;djhhs' mfia ,jK;djh" le,aishï

wjfYdaIKh wjysr lrk neúka M, w.l=Kqùug mfia

,jK;djh o fya;= fjhs' ;lald,s j, M, w. l=Kqùfï ;Fjh

†,Sr frda.hla nj f.dùka fndfydaúg úYajdi lrk w;r"

fuu ;Fjh ≥gq úg m%;sldr f,i †,Sr kdYl fh°ug mqre≥j

isá;s' tneúka f.dùkag ksjer† f,i ;lald,s M, w. l=Kqùfï

;Fjh y∫kd .ekSug wjYH Wmfoia ,nd†h hq;=h'

uQ,dY%h ( tï'ta' md,ul=Uqr uy;d" mr®fhaIK ks,Od¯WoHdk fnda. mr®fhaIK yd ixjr®Ok wdh;kh.kafkdrej

WoHdk fnda. k,ia: frdamKh i|yd wvq úhoï ikSldrlhla

, iS.%j .=Kkh ls¯u i|yd mgl frdamK ;dCIKh

mqΩ,a f,i fhd∞ .kS' fuys° uQ,sl wjia:dfõ ° Ydl

mgl frdamKh i|yd M.S. jr®Ok udOH ^uqreIsf.a iy ial+.a&

Ndú;d lrk w;r tys ikSldrl wka;r®.; ù we;' ikSldrl

mgl ord isàug yd uq,a kshudldrfhka ixia:dmkh i|yd

Woõ lrhs'

mgl frdamK l%ufha ° ±kg Ndú;d lrkq ,nkafka

iSñ; ikSldrl m%udKhls' tajd kï ta.dr®" ;s˙Û= msá" ls;=,a

msIaG ksiaidrlh" fcàka iy fc,rhsÜ fõ' fï w;˙ka

iq,Nj Ndú;d lrk ikSldrlh ta.dr®h' wÛ=Kfld,me,eiai

udY fnda. yd f;,a fnda. mr®fhaIK yd ixjr®Ok wdh;kh

uÛska is≥lrk ,o mr®fhaIK j,g wkqj ta.dr® j,g b;d

fyd| wdfoaYlhla jYfhka ñf,ka wvq iõ jr®.hla (Sago)

me

34


fhd∞ .; yels nj fidhd f.k we;' fuu iõ (Sago) we,anÜmdï (Rumph's caryota) Ydlfha lf|ka ksiaidrKh lr.;a msá

jr®.hls'

tys ° mq,;sis flfi,a m%fNaoh iy fvkafv%dìhï ´lsâ

j, mgl frdamKfha ° udOH ikSldrl f,i ta.dr® iy fuu

iõ j._h fhd∞ mr®fhaIK is≥ lrk ,°' iksldrlh f,i

iõ wvx.= udOH ieliSfï °" MS udOH ,Sgrhlg" iõ .%Eï75 lao" ta.dr® ikSldrlh f,i fh¥ udOH i|yd M.S. udOH,Sgrhlg" ta.dr® .%Eï 08 la o" udOH kuk wjia:dfõ °

tl;= lr udOH ieliSu is≥ lrk ,°' flfi,a i|yd fhd∞

.;a mgl frdamK udOHhkag NAA, BAP, yd IAA hk TlaiSSktl;= lrk ,°' fvkafv%dìhï i|yd fhd∞ .;a mgl frdamK

udOHhkag TlaiSk j._ lsisjla tl;= fkdlrk ,°'

ta.dr® iy ijs hk ikSldrl wvx.= udOH foflysu

flfi,a yd ´lsâ me, (plantlets) b;d idr®:l f,i jr®Okhúh' ^1 iy 2 rEm& iïu; m;% jr®K igykg wkqj ta.dr®

udOHfha jr®Okh jQ ´lsâ me, j, m;% jr®Khg jvd ^jr®K

igyk B - ¯†uh& iõ udOHfha jr®Okh jQ ´lsâ j, m;%

jr®Kh ^jr®K igyk b - ;o fld<& fld< meyefhka jeäúh' óg wu;rj jeä≥r .=Kkh i|yd me, udre lrk ld,hg

jd jeä ld,hla iõ wka;r®.; udOHfha flfi,a yd ´lsâ

fojr®.fhau me, ;nd .; yels nj ks¯CIKh lrk ,°'

ta.dr® j, fkdue;s LkscøjH iõ j, meje;su fuhg fya;=úh

yel'

flfi,a yd ´lsâ k,ia: frdamKfha ° udOH ikSlrKh

i|yd b;d idr®:l f,i iõ l◊ld fhd∞ .; yelsh' iõ

.%Eï 100 la re' 8'00 la ñ, jk w;r Bg iudk ta.dr®

m%udKhla i|yd re' 1500$ - 2000$ ñ,la o jeh fõ'

;j≥rg;a .=Kkh is≥ fkdlrhs kï tal em,hlg ikSldrl

i|yd iõ fhd∞ .;a úg re' 0'16 la iy ta.dr® fhd∞ .;a

úg re' 1'92 l uqo,la o jeh fõ' tneúka k,ia: frdamKfha

° ta.dr® j,g iudk .=Kdx.fhka hq;a" ñf,ka wvq ikSldrlhla

f,i iõ fhd∞ .; yel'

uq,dY%h ( whs'tï'tÉ'tka' m%idoa mr®fhaIK iyldrudY fnda. yd f;,a fnda. mr®fhaIK yd ixjr®Ok wdh;kh"wÛ=Kfld<me,eiai





ixialrKhchka;d b,kafl`ka

lDIslu_" mY= iïm;a" bvï yd jd˙ud._ wud;HdxYhg wh;a lDIslu_ fomdr®;fïka;=fõ jHdma;s yd mqyqKq uOHia:dkh u.skam%ldYhg m;a fl˙ks'


ld,Sk ;dCI◊l f;dr;=re ixCIsma;j ;dCIKfõ°ka" úfYaIfhkau jHdma;s ks,OdrSka fj; ,nd°fï wruqK

Wfoid lDIs - ;dCIK m;%sldj jHdma;s yd mqyqKq uOHia:dkh úiska j˙ka jr ks;=;a lrkq ,efí' fuu m;%sldfõ

wvx.= f;dr;=re fndfyduhlau m%Njh ù we;af;a lDIslu_ fomdr®;fïka;=fõ úúO wdh;k iy uOHia:dk

j,sks' ;jo" fjk;a kEu uQ,dY%hlska Wmqgd .; yelsjQo" fCIa;%fha m%dfh`.slj fhdod.; yelsjQo" f;dr;=re

fõ kï" tjeks oE o lDIs - ;dCIK m;%sldfjys wka;r®.; jkq we;'

- ixialdrl -

4 4



f.dùka úiska §fmdlÜ rUqgka¶ f,i y∫kajkq ,nk

myiqfjka .e,úh yels f,,a, iys; tfy;a udxY,h fkdmsreKq

me;,s rUqgka iuyr j.djkaj, nyq, nj jdr®;d úh' fï

fya;=fjka ia:dk 3 l ks¯CIK wOHhk lghq;= 1999 jifr®°

wdrïN lrk ,°' by,u fmdlÜ rUqgka m%;sY;hla 2000

jifr®° †jhsfka ishΩu m%foaY j,ska jdr®;d úh' 1999$2000

M, jdrfha° lE.,a, Wvfmd, j;af;ka jdr®;d jQ fmdlÜ rUqgka

m%udKh j.= wxl 1 ys oelafõ'

j.=j 1 ( Wvfmd, j;af;ka jdr®;d jQ fmdlÜ rUqgka m%udKh iy

m%;sY;hka'

wiajkq fkΩ M, fmdlÜ fmdlÜ

fkΩ jI_h$ ixLHdj rUqgka rUqgka

udih ixLHdj ]

1999 fkdje' - - -1999 foie' 52200 4175 8]2000 ck' 86200 6890 8]2000 fmn' 5200 415 8]2000 udr®;= - - -2000 wfma%,a - - -2000 uehs - - -2000 cQks 15525 5400 35]2000 cQ,s 32900 9870 30]2000 wf.daia;= 5900 1525 25]uqΩ w.h 197925 28275 14]

rUqgka Ydlfha mqIamSlrKh i|yd wju jYfhka i;s

3 l úh<s ld,hla ;sîu wjYH fõ' tfy;a u,a yg.ekSfuka

miqj úh<s tkï f;;ukh wvq ;;aj M, msysàu wvqùug

iy udxY,h fkdmsreKq M, yg .ekSu i|yd fya;=ldrl jk

nj;a th wiajekak iy M,j, .=Kd;auh wvq ls¯ug n,mdk

nj;a fidhdf.k we;'

u,a msmSfuka miq M, msysàu i|yd m%udKj;a f,i mdxY=

f;;ukh ;sìh hq;= fõ' M, msysàfï uQ,sl wjia:dfõ c,h

ysÛ ;;aj ksid M, l=vd fõ' M, jr®Okfha miq ld,j,°

is≥jk c, ysÛ;djhka ksid M, ms¯u ksis f,i is≥ fkdfõ'

iuyrla m%fNao" M, yg.kakd ld,fha we;sjk c, ysÛ ;;ajhkag

jeä wkqjr®;khla fmkajhs' ≥r®j, f,i msreKq M,j, .=Kd;auh

b;d wvqh' wdydrhg .; yels fldgi wvqùu" wêl wdï,sl;dj

iy iuyr wjia:dj,° m%fNaohg úfYaIs; rih wvqùu tjeks

.=Kd;aul ,CIK fõ'

iuyr m%fNao" M, iE°fï ld,iSudfõ we;sjk c, ysÛ ;;aj

j,g jvd;a md;S% fõ' u,ajdk" ue,hka r;= iy ue,hka ly

m%fNao tjeks m%fNao f,i ye†kaúh yels w;r fï ksid jeä

fmdlÜ rUqgka M, ixLHdjla yg .; yelsh' flfia kuq;a

,nqlfnda,d m%fNaoh fuu ,CIK fmkakqï fkdlrk w;r" mdxY=

f;;uk mSvdjka i|yd jeä wkqjr®;khla fmkajhs'

fuu ;;ajh uÛyerùu i|yd my; i|yka md,k l%u Wmld¯

fõ'

l u,a yg.ekSfuka miq M, jr®Okh jk ld,h ;=< c,

iïmdokh'

l ldnksl jiqka Ndú;h'

l m%;sfrdaë m%fNao j.d ls¯u'

l M, yg.kakd ld,fha° m%udKj;a f,i" mdxY= f;;ukh

r|d mj;akd ia:dk j.d ls¯u i|yd f;dard .ekSu'

uQ,dY%h ( bkaød◊ ueof.dv ñh" mr®fhaIK ks,Od˙ks" WoHdk fnda.mr®fhaIK yd ixjr®Ok uOHia:dkh" .kafkdrej'

rUqgka f.ä j, yg .kakd widudkH;djhla

fmdlÜ rUqgk a (Pocket Rambutan)

fjΩu 6" wxl 5 2003 udr®;= - wfma%,a


fida.ï (Sorghum bicolour L.Moench) Ydlh 1930

oYlfha ° furgg y∫kajd≥ka fnda.hla neõ úYajdi flfr®'

th 1970 ld,fha tjlg mej;s rch †h;a l, wdydr fnda.

jev igyk hgf;a jeo.;a fnda.hla njg m;a úh' tu ld,h

;=< lDIslu_ fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska m%fNao we.hSfï iy

wNsckkh ls¯fï lghq;= lrk ,o w;r" tys m%;sM,hla f,i

IS 2931 m%fNaoh j.d ls¯u i|yd ksoyia lrk ,°'

fida.ï i;aj wdydrhla f,i wdrïNfha° i<lkq ,enqfha

OdkHh fukau ihsf,a– iy fida.ï ms≥re i;aj wdydrhla f,i

fhd∞ .; yels m%fNao rdYshla jQ neú◊' tfukau th iunr

fmdaIK ixhq;shla iys; fmdaI”h ukqIH wdydrhla o fõ'

th iuyr rgj, m%Odk wdydrhla jk w;r bka†hdj jeks

rgj, ckms%h wdydrhla fõ' iuyr rgj,a fida.ï fnda.fha

ldr®ñl w.h tkï B;hs,a uOHidrh jeks ≤ ksIamdokh ms<sn|j

wOHhkh lr we;'

c,h ysÛ ;;aj hgf;a m;% ue<ùu blaukska is≥ fkdùu;a"

m%udKj;a ;rï c,h ,efnk úg iS>%fhka h:d ;;ajhg m;aùula

ksid fida.ï fnda.h wvq c, wjYH;d iys; fnda.hla f,i

y∫kajhs' flfia jqj;a miq ld,Skj wNsckkh lrk ,o udxY,uh

l| iys; m%fNao jeä ffcj nrla ksmojk neúka jeä c,

m%udKhla wjYH fõ'

miq.sh jir 6-7 l ld,hla ;=< fm,m;a 200 lg

jvd jeä m%udKhla by, OdkH wiajekak" i;aj wdydruh

wiajekak" l=reΩ ydksh wvqùu" l| mkqjdf.a ydkshg m%;sfrdaêùu"

jeks úúO wruqKq uq,a lrf.k we.hSug ,la lrk ,°' tu

jevigyk hgf;a by< wiajkq fok jrK rdYshla mj;ajdf.k

hdu is≥ fõ' fuu m%fNao j, OdkH Y,aluh wdjrKhlska

f;dr neúka .Dy uÜgfï ieliqï i|yd jqjo myiq fõ' fïjd

fida.ï msá ksmoùug iy iDcqju wdydr ieliSfï lghq;=

i|yd fhd∞.; yelsh' lyuh iq≥ meye;s jr®Kfhka hq;= OdkH

iys; fuu m%fNao gekska j,ska f;dr jk w;r ukqIH yd

i;aj wdydrhla f,io fhd∞.; yels fõ' fïjd §msÜgq¶ yd

§frdà¶ i|yd úfYaIfhkau iq≥iq fõ' fCIa;% fnda. mr®fhaIK

yd ixjr®Ok wdh;kh kq≥re wkd.;fha°u fida.ï m%fNao

lsysmhla ksr®foaY ls¯ug ie,iqï lr we;'

uQ,dY%h ( fla'tï' lreKdr;ak" mr®fhaIK ks,Od¯" fCIa;% fnda.mr®fhaIK yd ixjr®Ok wdh;kh" uyb¨mam,a,u'

YS% ,xldfõ r;= iy,a m˙fNdackh l%ufhka jeäjk nj

fmfkk w;r fï ksid r;= iy,a j,g jir mqrd ia:djr

b,a¨ula iy jeä ñ,la †jhsfka fndfyda m%foaYj,ska ,efí'

uqΩ ú j.d ìï m%udKfhka 20] la r;= iy,a m%fNao j.d

lrkq ,nhs' taà 353" î„ 350" î'ví,sõ' 351 iy taà 303

jvd;a nyq,ju j.dfjk r;= iy,a m%fNao fõ' fï w;=˙ka

taà 353 m%fNaoh úh<s iy wka;r® udOH l<dm j, j.dfjk

jvd;a ckms%h m%fNaoh jk w;r th uqΩ j.dìï m%udKfhka

5] la fõ' tfy;a î„ 350 iy î'ví' 351 m%fNaohkays m%fNao

md˙Y=oaO;dj mj;ajdf.k hdu yd iïnkaO .egΩ mj;S'

taà 303 udi 3 jhia ldKavhg wh;a fõ' fï ksid

jeä wiajkq fok fjk;a r;= iy,a m%fNaohla wjYH ù ;snq◊'

tneúka by; wjYH;dj iïmQr®K ls¯u i|yd lDIslu_

fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska 2002 cQks udifha° taà 362 r;= iy,a

m%fNaoh j.d ls¯u i|yd ksr®foaY lrk ,°' fuu m%fNaofha

mr®fhaIK yd ixjr®Ok lghq;= 95-4-3 wxlh hgf;a wïn,kaf;dg

m%dfoaYSh lDIslu_ mr®fhaIK yd ixjr®Ok uOHia:dkfha° is≥

lr we;'

96$97 uy yd 97 h, lkakj, meje;ajQ cd;sl

iïnkaëlrK m%fNao w;ay∞ ne,Sï m¯CIK j,° taà 362

m%fNaoh md,s; m%fNao jQ taà 353 m%fNaohg jvd by< wiajkq

úNjhla" ishΩ mr®fhaIK ia:dk j,° fmkaùh' tfukau j.=

wxl 1 m˙† jvd fyd| wkqjr®;s;d w.hla fmkajk ,°'

j.=j 1( cd;sl iïnkaëlrK m%fNao w;ay∞ne,Sfï

m¯CIKj,° ,enqk wiajekak iy

wkqjr®;s;d w.h

lkakh ia:dk wiajekak ^fyla'fgdka'&

ixLHdj iy wkqjr®;s;d w.h

taà 362 taà 353

96$96 uy 7 5'50 ^1&* 4'8 ^5&*96 h, 6 4'57 ^2&* 4'21 ^9&*

* wkqjr®;s;d w.h jryka ;=< ° we;'

f.dú fCIa;%j, meje;ajQ m%fNao wkqjr®;s;d m¯CIKj,°

úfYaIfhkau úh<s iy wka;r® udOH l<dmj,° taà 362 jeä

wiajekakla iy wkqjr®;khla fmkakqï lrk ,°' m%;sM, j.=

wxl 2 ys i|yka lr we;'

ukqIH iy i;aj wdydr f,i

úNj fnda.hla - fida.ï

taà - 362 kj r;=

iy,a m%fNaohla

2 ;dCI◊l f;dr;=re m;%sldj - lDIslu_ fomdr®;fïka;=j' fjΩu 6" wxl 5

2003 h, lkakfha uvl,mqj †ia;s%la mqyqKq uOHia:dkfha

;lald,s j.djg m;% †,Sr frda.hla je<° we;s nj mr®fhaIK

wxYhg jdr®;d lrk ,°' wr,.kaú, mr®fhaIK wdh;kfha

ks,Od¯ka úiska tu fCIa;% ks¯CIKh lrk ,°'

ta wkqj flaiS-1 ;lald,s m%fNaohg fuu wdidokh ygf.k

;snq◊' m;%j, lΩ ≥Uqre meye;s ,m f,i th ks¯CIKh

úh' wl%uj;a fklafrdaiSh ,m f,i yg.kakd †,Sr ,m l%ufhka

úYd, ù taldnoaO ù úYd, me,a,ï we;s lrhs'

my; m;%u;=msg wêl f,i fldksä îcdkq olakg ,enq◊'

me,a,ï j, uOH fldgfia ì| jeàula fkdue;sj iïmQr®K

j.=j 2 ( m%fNao wkqjr®;s;d m¯CIK (VAT) ) j,°,enqKq OdkH wiajkq idrdxYh yd wkqjr®;s;d

wxlh

lkakh lDIs foaY.=◊l uOHkh wiajekakl,dm iy ^fylaghdrhlg fgdka&m¯CIK meje;ajQ iy wkqjr®;s;d wxlhia:dk ixLHdj taà 362 tà 353 iy$

fyda îví'267-3

98 h, f;;a l,dmh ^12& 3'16 ^4& * 3'57 ^2&wka;r® udOH iyúh<s l,dmh ^22& 4'78 ^2& 4'19 ^4&

98$99 uy f;;a l<dmh ^15& 4'29 ^3& 4'20 ^4& wka;r® udOH iy 5'51 ^1& 4'96 ^4& úh<s l,dmh ^24&

* wkqj®r®;s;d wxlh jryka ;=< ° we;'

taà 362 m%fNaofha wiajkq iïu; md,s; m%fNaohg iudk

fyda jvd fyd| nj úh<s yd wka;r® udOH l,dmj,° fmkakqï

l<;a f;;a l,dmfha° tjeks ;;ajhla fmkakqï fkdlrk ,°'

taà 362 m%fNaoh jvd fyd| wiajekakla úYd, m˙udK

m%fNao w;ay∞ne,Sfï m¯CIK j,° o fmkakqï lr we;' m%;sM,

idrdxYh j.= wxl 3 ys igyka fõ'

j.=j 3 ( taà 353 iy taà 362 m%fNao uyd m˙udK

m%fNao w;ay∞ ne,Sfï m¯CIK j,° ,nd≥ka

m%;sM, idrdxYh'

m%fNaoh lkakh lDIs foaY.=◊l l,dm wkqjOdkH wiajekak ^fyla$fgdka&úh<s wka;r® udOH f;;al,dmh l,dmh l,dmh

taà 362 1999$2000 uy 4'32 ^2&* - 4'77 ^4&2000 h, 6'08 ^4& 6'07 ^2& 4'54 ^5&

taà 353 1999$2000 3'78 ^2& -2000 h, 5'74 ^4& 5'70 ^2& 3'99 ^5&

* m¯CIK meje;ajQ ia:dk ixLHdj jryka ;=< we;'

taà 362 m%fNaofha .=Kd;aul mrdñ;sl i|yd taà 353

iuÛ ixikaokh lrk ,° ^j.=j 4&'

j.=j 4 .=Kd;aul mrdñ;sl ixikaokh

,CIKh taà 362 taà 353

OdkHj, .=Kd;aul ,CIK- uqΩ iy,a wiajekak 71'2] 70'5]- fkdlevqkq iy,a wiajekak 63'8] 61'9]- levqkq iy,a m%udKh 7'4] 8'6]- ueo iq≥ weg iys; iy,a (White bellyrice) ví'iS' 2 ví'î' 3- mdrNdI nj w;rue† w;rue†- fc,ákslrK WIaKFjh w;rue† w;rue†fjk;a .=Kd;aul ,CIK- Y=ma; ld,h ^i;s& 3-4 3-4- msiQ miq n;aj, rih fyd|hs fyd|hs

taà 362 m%fNaoh ms<sfj,ska uy iy h, lkak j,°

†k 105 iy 110 ld, iSudjka j,° m˙k;ùu is≥fõ' th

fylaghdrhg fhdok khsg%cka lsf,da.%Eï 80 la olajd m%;spdr

olajhs' tfukau ffcj n,mEï i|yd jvd fyd| m%;spdr fmkakqï

lrhs ^j.=j 5&'

j.=j 5 ( ffcùh n,mEï i|yd m%;spdr ixikaokh

ffcj idOlh taà 362 taà 353

fld<mdΩj MR MR/MSnelaà˙hd m;% wx.udrh MR/MS MR/MS≥Uqre me, lSvEjd MR MR/MSf.dlaueiaid S Sme, uelalka S S

MR - uOHia: m%;sfrdaëMS - uOHia: .%dySSS - md;s%

msiSug .;jk ld,h wvqùu" lefvk iy,a m%udKh

wvqùu" fCIa;%fha° OdkH ye,Su wvqùu" weo jeàug fyd¢ka

Tfrd;a;= °u" wiajkq mE.Sfï° OdkH myiqfjka fjkaùu msiQ

iy,aj, .=Kd;auh yd lel=Ω iy ;eïnQ iy,a fojr®.fhau

msiQ n;aj, rih jeks lreKq i,ld f.dùka taà 362 m%fNaoh

ms<sn|j Okd;aul m%;spdr olajd we;'

uQ,dY%h ( î'ã' m;skdhl uhd" m%Odk úoHd" ù mr®fhaIK uOHia:dkh"wïn,kaf;dg'

me,a,uu ≥Uqre meye ù ;snq◊' flfia kuq;a m;% kgq yd

Ydl lf|a frda. ,CIK olakg fkd,enq◊'

fujeks frda.S ;;ajhkg fya;= ldrlhd f,i

ishqfvdir®fldiafmdard mq,s‚kd (Pseudocercospora fuligena (Roldan)Deighton) f,i y∫kd.kakd ,o w;r th .kafkdrej WoHdk

fnda. mr®fhaIK yd ixjr®Ok wdh;kfha jHdêúoHdhska úiska

ikd: lrk ,°' fuh ir®liafmdard †,Srh ;lald,s m;%j,g

wdidokh lrk njg jdr®;d jQ m%:u wjia:dj fuh úh'

†,Srfha me;s¯u fldksä îcdkq u.ska is≥ fõ' fldkSâ

îcdkq 5-8 la fyda thg jeä fmdl=rla f,i yg .kS'

uQ,dY%h ( ví'ta'wdr®'à' úl%uwdrÉÑ uhd" mr®fhaIK ks,Od¯" m%dfoaYShlDIslu_ mr®fhaIK yd ixjr®Ok uOHia:dkh" wr,.kaú,'

;lald,s j.djkg je<fok

ir®fldiafmdard m;% †,Sr frda.h

3fjΩu 6" wxl 5 ;dCI◊l f;dr;=re m;%sldj - lDIslu_ fomdr®;fïka;=j'


msms[a∆d j, (Cucumis sativas) mqudx.s

iy cdhdx.s mqIam tlu jef,a yg.kS' mqIam

tal,sx.sl jk w;r cdhdx.s mqIamfha mqudx.s

fldgiao" mqudx.s mqIamfha cdhdx.s jHqy fldgiao

hgm;a ù we;'

cdhdx.s mqIam ksIamdokh Ydlfha cdk

ixhq;sh u; r∞ mj;S' flfia kuq;a jr®Okfha

uQ,sl wjêfha WIaK;ajh" wdf,dal ;Sj%;dj"

†jd†. jeks m˙ir idOl u.skao msms[a∆d

Ydlfha cdhdx.s mqIam we;sùu ;SrKh fõ'

iuyrla ridhksl ixfhda. u.ska iy

w.%ia: wxl=rh bj;a ls¯u u.skao cdhdx.s mqIam

ksIamdokh jeä lr .; yel' is,ajr® khsfÜ%á"

t;%,a iy fnda˙la wï,h jeks ridhksl fjk;a

rgj, msms[a∆d Ydlfha cdhdx.s mqIam ksIamdokh

jeä ls¯u i|yd Ndú;d lrhs'

uQ,dY%h ( ta' md,ul=Uqr" mr®fhaIK ks,Od¯" WoHdkfnda. mr®fhaIK yd ixjr®Ok wdh;kh".kafkdrej'





ixialrKhmS' jdiqfoajd

m˙jr®;khchka;d b,kafl`ka


ld,Sk ;dCI◊l f;dr;=re ixCIsma;j ;dCIKfõ°ka" úfYaIfhkau jHdma;s ks,OdrSka fj; ,nd°fï

wruqK Wfoid lDIs - ;dCIK m;%sldj jHdma;s yd mqyqKq uOHia:dkh úiska j˙ka jr ks;=;a lrkq ,efí'

fuu m;%sldfõ wvx.= f;dr;=re fndfyduhlau m%Njh ù we;af;a lDIslu_ fomdr®;fïka;=fõ úúO wdh;k

iy uOHia:dk j,sks' ;jo" fjk;a kEu uQ,dY%hlska Wmqgd .; yelsjQo" fCIa;%fha m%dfh`.slj fhdod.;

yelsjQo" f;dr;=re fõ kï" tjeks oE o lDIs - ;dCIK m;%sldfjys wka;r®.; jkq we;'

- ixialdrl -

cdk ieliSu

mfia wvx.=

khsg%cka uÜgu

Manipulations

w.%ia: wxl=r

bj;a ls¯u

msms[a∆ u,aj, ,sx. ksr®Kh

wvq WIaK;ajh

flá †jd †.= wvq

wdf,dal ;sj%;dm˙ir idOl

jeä WIaK;ajh

os.= †jd ld,

jeä wdf,dal

;sj%;dj

mqudx.s mqIam jeä

lrhscdhdx.s mqIam jeä

lrhs

ridhksl

øjH biSu

;;a;aj yeisrùu

msms[a[d

fnda.fha ,sx.

ksr®Kh

4

lDIslu_ yd mY= iïm;a wud;HdxYhg wh;a lDIslu_ fomdr®;fïka;=fõ jHdma;s yd mqyqKq uOHia:dkh u.skam%ldYhg m;a fl˙ks'

flfi,aiuQy j 6 no... · 2019-11-28 · jdr®;d j,g wk qj oekg mj; akd flfi, aj.d j,sk a85] lg;a jvd...

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Transcript of flfi,aiuQy j 6 no... · 2019-11-28 · jdr®;d j,g wk qj oekg mj; akd flfi, aj.d j,sk a85] lg;a jvd...