eqspertis azri

ekaterine metreveli

javaxeTi - mTavari tendenciebis mimoxilva

ÓÀØÀÒÈÅÄËÏÓ ÓÔÒÀÔÄÂÉÉÓÀ ÃÀ ÓÀÄÒÈÀÛÏÒÉÓÏ ÖÒÈÉÄÒÈÏÁÀÈÀ ÊÅËÄÅÉÓ ×ÏÍÃÉGEORGIAN FOUNDATION FOR STRATEGIC AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES

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2013

publikacia daibeWda amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saelCos finansuri mxardaWeriT.

redaqtori: rusudan margiSvili

teqnikuri redaqtori: artem meliq-nubarovi

saavtoro uflebebi daculia da ekuTvnis saqarTvelos strategiisa da saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis kvlevis fonds. werilobiTi nebarTvis gareSe wignis arc erTi nawili ar SeiZleba gadaibeWdos nebismieri,

maT Soris, eleqtronuli an meqanikuri formiT.

© saqarTvelos strategiisa da saerTaSoriso urTierTobaTa kvlevis fondi 2013 weli

ISSN 1512-4835 ISBN 978-9941-0-6281-0

javaxeTi _ mTavari tendenciebis mimoxilva*

Sesavali

winamdebare statia eyrdnoba saqarTvelos strate-giisa da saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis kvlevis fondis mier Catarebul kvlevas, romelic 2002 wlidan moyolebuli tar-deba javaxeTis regionis eTnikurad somex mosaxleobaSi da miznad isaxavs saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi eTnikuri umcireso-bebis integraciis procesis mxardaWeras.

javaxeTi mdebareobs saqarTvelos samxreT-dasavleT nawilSi, somxeTisa da TurqeTis sazRvris gaswvriv, mTian ze-ganze. saqarTvelos dRevandeli administraciuli dayofis mixedviT, javaxeTi Sedis samcxe-javaxeTis regionSi da moi-cavs axalqalaqisa da ninowmindis raionebs.

javaxeTis izolirebulma geografiulma mdebareobam, misma eTnikurma suraTma, iq arsebulma rusulma samxedro bazam da didi xnis ganmavlobaSi danarCen saqarTvelosTan damakavSirebeli infrastruqturis simwirem ganapiroba am kuTxis ufro Zlieri kulturuli kavSiri somxeTTan, vidre saqarTvelos sxva kuTxeebTan. javaxeTis ekonomikas umTav-resad soflis meurneoba gansazRvravs. wlebis ganmavlobaSi regionSi ZiriTadi Semosavlis wyaro iyo rusuli samxedro baza, romelic 2007 wels gadaeca saqarTvelos. javaxeTis mo-saxleobis umetesoba eTnikuri somexia. maTi mxolod mcire nawili laparakobs qarTulad, rac zRudavs maT SesaZleblo-bebs, monawileoba miiRon qveynis socialur-politikur Tu ekonomikur cxovrebaSi. bolo xans centraluri xelisufle-bis mier javaxeTSi infrastruqturuli, saganmanaTleblo da socialuri momsaxurebis kuTxiT ganxorcielebuli saqmiano-ba javaxeTis izolaciis gadalaxvasa da am mxaris integrire-bis xelSewyobas emsaxureba.

* winamdebare statia aris Semoklebuli versia eka metrevelisa da jonaTan kuli-kis mier 2009 wels Catarebuli kvlevisa `javaxeTis socialuri urTierTobebi da mmarTveloba~ ( “Social Relations and Governance in Javakheti, Georgia”, Eka Metreveli and Jonathan Kulick. Initiative for Peacebuilding 2009).

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javaxeTSi arsebuli ZiriTadi tendenciebis mimoxilva

politikuri sazogadoeba

1990 wels kanonma moqalaqeobis Sesaxeb yvelas, vinc sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg kanonis farglebSi cxov-robda saqarTvelos teritoriaze, mianiWa saqarTvelos moqa-laqeoba.1 individis warmomavlobasa Tu saxelmwifo enis cod-nas am procesze ar umoqmedia, rac saqarTvelos ganasxvavebs zogierTi postkomunisturi qveynisgan, sadac saxelmwifo enis codna aucilebeli piroba iyo moqalaqeobis misaRebad. miuxedavad amisa, qarTuli samoqalaqo TviTSegnebisa da po-litikuri sazogadoebis Camoyalibeba mainc darCa gamowve-vad, romelic ver gascda sabWoTa stereotipebis CarCoebs da dRemde xSiria erovnebis gaigiveba eTnikur warmomavlo-basTan.

1999 wels saqarTvelom evrosabWos winaSe aiRo valde-buleba daecva erovnul umciresobaTa da adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso standartebi.2 2006 wels saqarTvelom moaxdina erovnul umciresobaTa dacvis Sesaxeb CarCokonvenciis ra-tificireba da am mimarTulebiT miRweuli progresis Sesaxeb warmoadgina ori angariSi _ 20073 da 20124 wlebSi. evrosabWos winaSe saqarTvelos aseve akisria valdebuleba, xeli moawe-ros evropul qartias regionaluri da umciresobebis enebis Sesaxeb da moaxdinos misi ratificireba. magram qartiasTan dakavSirebiT saqarTveloSi azrTa sxvadasxvaobaa. gavrcele-bulia azri, rom umciresobaTa enebis aRiarebam, romelic gamoiwvevs gansxvavebaTa nawilobriv institucionalizacias, SeiZleba xeli SeuSalos umciresobaTa integracias da pi-riqiT, ukan daxios am mxriv ukve miRweuli warmatebebi. dRes-dReobiT qartiasTan dakavSirebiT konsensusi saqarTvelos arc politikur da arc saeqsperto wreebSi ar arsebobs.

saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier erovnul umciresoba-Ta dacvis Sesaxeb CarCokonvenciasTan dakavSirebiT win ga-dadgmuli mniSvnelovani nabiji iyo 2009 wels reintegraciis sakiTxebSi saxelmwifo ministris aparatis mier momzadebuli Semwynareblobisa da samoqalaqo integraciis erovnuli kon-cefciisa da samoqmedo gegmis miReba. erovnuli koncefcia gansazRvravs saxelmwifo strategiasa da amocanebs 5-wlis

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ganmavlobaSi da moicavs iseT sferoebs, rogoricaa kanonis uzenaesoba, ganaTleba da saxelmwifo ena, media da infor-maciis xelmisawvdomoba, politikuri integracia da samoqa-laqo monawileoba, socialuri da regionaluri integracia da kultura da TviTmyofadobis SenarCuneba. samoqmedo gegma iTvaliswinebs konkretul RonisZiebebsa da progra-mebs koncefciis strategiuli mimarTulebebis mixedviT. um-ciresobaTa Sesaxeb axali kanonis miReba ar momxdara da es strategia Sesworebebis saxiT aisaxa arsebul sakanonmdeblo aqtebSi. amasTan, reintegraciis sakiTxebSi saxelmwifo mi-nistris aparatma axalqalaqSi gaxsna Tavisi regionaluri warmomadgenloba, romelsac xelmZRvanelobs adgilobrivi Temis warmomadgeneli. amJamad saxelmwifo ministris aparati samizne jgufebTan erTad muSaobs samomavlo samuSao sfero-ebis gamosakveTad.

ena da ganaTleba

erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani Seferxeba erTiani politikuri sazogadoebis Camoyalibebis gzaze aris saxelm-wifo enis arcodna. samoqalaqo integraciis politikis aqamde arsebuli midgomiT umciresobebiT dasaxlebul regionebSi aucilebelia qarTuli enis swavleba da administraciul saq-miswarmoebaSi qarTuli enis gamoyenebis damkvidreba. saqarT-velos administraciuli kodeqsis (1999) mixedviT, administ-raciuli saqmiswarmoeba unda mimdinareobdes qarTul enaze, xolo kanoni sajaro samsaxuris Sesaxeb (1998) moiTxovs, rom sajaro seqtorSi yvela dasaqmebulma icodes qarTuli ena. kanonis aRsruleba javaxeTSi SeuZlebeli aRmoCnda da misi gatareba mxolod nawilobriv moxda. magaliTad, sasamarT-loSi moxerxda orenovani sajaro moxeleebis ayvana, munici-palitetebs ki samuSaod aseTi TanamSromlebis miRebisaTvis didi yuradReba ar miuqceviaT.

2004 wlidan mniSvnelovani nabijebi gadaidga eTnikur umciresobebSi saxelmwifo enis codnis gaRrmavebis mimarTu-lebiT. euTom da sxva saerTaSoriso organizaciebma wamoiw-yes sabavSvo baRebisa da saskolo ganaTlebis mTeli rigi programebis mxardaWera, rac Semdeg saqarTvelos ganaTle-bisa da mecnierebis saministros gadauloces. ganaTlebisa

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da mecnierebis saministrom Seqmna qarTulis, rogorc meore enis swavlebis saxelmZRvaneloebi da daiwyo muSaoba umcire-sobaTa skolebSi orenovani swavlebis strategiis Camosaya-libeblad. marTalia, enis swavlebis programebi maincdamainc gamarTulad ver muSaobda, ver moxda sasurveli Sedegis miR-weva, gamoikveTa kvalificiuri maswavleblebis simcire, da-finanseba iyo arasakmarisi, xolo saswavlo meTodologiebi _ arasaTanado, magram am wamowyebebma mainc sasikeTod Secva-les qarTuli enis mimarT damokidebuleba. javaxeTSi mcxov-rebi eTnikuri umciresoba gacilebiT ufro mondomebulia Seiswavlos qarTuli ena, magram marto qarTuli enis pro-gramebis ganxorcieleba araferia, Tuki mosaxleobis moti-vacias samuSao SesaZleblobebis perspeqtiva ar gaamyarebs. 5

eTnikuri umciresobebisa da javaxeTis somxebisaTvis aseve mniSvnlovani sakiTxia umaRlesi ganaTlebis xelmisawv-domoba. 2004 wlis umaRlesi ganaTlebis kanonis Tanaxmad, sa-xelmwifo akreditaciis mqone umaRles saswavleblebSi misa-Reb erovnul gamocdebSi sxva sagnebTan erTad Sedis qarTuli enisa da literaturis gamocda. amis gamo iyo, rom 2005 wels, rodesac erTiani erovnuli gamocdebi pirvelad Catarda, am gamocdebSi eTnikurad somexi skoladamTavrebulebis Zalian mcire nawilma miiRo monawileoba. amis Semdeg erovnuli ga-mocdebis sistemaSi Sesworebebi Sevida da dRevandelma e.w. `1+4~6-ma gazarda abiturientebis SesaZlebloba, moxvdnen umaRlesi ganaTlebis dawesebulebebSi, radgan unar-Cvevebis tests Tavis mSobliur enaze abareben da aucilebeli mini-mumis gadalaxvis SemTxvevaSi saSualeba eZlevaT gaagrZelon swavla umaRles saswavlebelSi, sadac pirveli saswavlo weli eTmoba qarTuli enis Seswavlas, danarCeni oTxi ki _ arCeul specialobas. 7

politikuri dapirispireba

1990-iani wlebis dasawyisidan centraluri xelis-ufleba faqtobrivad ver akontrolebda javaxeTs. regioni naxevrad gasamxedroebuli adgilobrivi dajgufebis _ `ja-vaxkis~ _ asparezad iyo qceuli. TandaTanobiT centralurma xelisuflebam prezidentis mier daniSnuli gavleniani gu-bernatoris meSveobiT SeZlo regionSi kontrolis damyareba

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adgilobrivi Zalauflebis mqone pirebTan TanamSromlobiTa da maTi erTmaneTTan dapirispirebiT, SesTavaza ra maT mom-gebiani saxelisuflebo Tanamdebobebi regionSi Tu deputa-tebis mandatebi TbilisSi, ris Sedegadac adgilobrivi avto-ritetebi politikur da ekonomikur elitad Camoyalibdnen.8 marTalia, dReisaTvis `javaxki~ dasustebulia da Tbilissac meti Zalaufleba aqvs, magram adgilobrivi elitis struqtu-rasa da interesebs mainc eweva angariSi.

qveyanaSi mimdinare arCevnebSi javaxeTis somxebi yo-velTvis arian warmodgenili mmarTveli partiis siebSi. 1999-2004 ww-is mowvevis parlamentis wevrebi Sediodnen `moqa-laqeTa kavSirSi~, xolo vardebis revoluciis Semdeg advi-lad gadainacvles nacionalur moZraobaSi da aRmoCndnen 2004-2008 ww-is mowvevis parlamentSi. es tradicia 2012 wlis arCevnebSic gagrZelda. ninowmindis maJoritarma nacionalu-ri moZraobis fraqcia amjerad damoukidebeli deputatobis sasargeblod datova. umciresobis warmomadgeneli deputa-tebi zogadad ar gamoirCevian aqtiurobiT, ar warmoadgenen sakuTari amomrCevlis interesebs, ramdenadac arc debatebSi iReben monawileobas da arc sityviT gamodian. am pasiurobas ki xSirad qarTuli enis cudad codniT xsnian.

eTnikuri umciresobebiT dasaxlebuli regionebi da, maT Soris, javaxeTic arCevnebSi xmas yovelTvis Zalaufle-bis mqone partias aZlevdnen. TiTqmis sruli mxardaWera hqonda eduard SevardnaZes da `moqalaqeTa kavSirs~, msgavsi viTareba iyo mixeil saakaSvilisa da erTiani nacionaluri moZraobis SemTxvevaSic. 2012 wlis oqtombris arCevnebSi na-cionalurma moZraobam xmebis 76,54 procenti miiRo axalqa-laqSi, xolo 79,59 procenti _ ninowmindaSi; Sesabamisad _ 21,29 procenti da 17,13 procenti _ qarTulma ocnebam.9

aRsaniSnavia, rom javaxeTSi politikuri partiebis saarCevno kampania sakmaod uRimRamod mimdinareobs. 2008 wlis maisSi Catarebul saparlamento arCevnebSi ninowmindis raionidan warmodgenili iyo mxolod erTiani nacionaluri moZraobis kandidati da mxolod mas hqonda saarCevno Stabi. axalqalaqSi centraluri saarCevno komisiis mier daregist-rirebuli 12 politikuri partiidan, mxolod or opoziciur partias _ leiboristul partiasa da qristian-demokratebs

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hqondaT gaxsnili saarCevno Stabebi, Tumca arc eTnikur um-ciresobebTan dakavSirebuli raime gansakuTrebuli sakiT xebi hqoniaT TavianT programebSi da arc eTnikuri umciresobebis warmomadgenlebi CaurTavT TavianT partiul siebSi.10 rac Se-exeba 2012 wlis oqtombris arCevnebs, miuxedavad imisa, rom koalicia qarTuli ocnebis saarCevo Stabi, marTalia gaWir-vebiT, magram mainc muSaobda regionSi, javaxeTSi gamarjve-buli isev mmarTveli partiis kandidatebi gaxdnen. rogorc ninowmindis, ise axalqalaqis maJoritarebma faqtobrivad sayovelTao gamarjveba moipoves. maJoritarma deputatma axalqalaqidan miiRo 77,7 procenti, xolo ninowmindidan _ 83,57 procenti.11

kerZo biznesi da infrastruqturuli proeqtebi

javaxeTis geografiulma mdebareobam da iq rusuli samxedro bazis arsebobam wlebis ganmavlobaSi am regionis qveynis sxva nawilebisagan ekonomikuri izolacia da sajaro infrastruqturis simwire ganapiroba. yovelive aman, korum-pirebul sagzao policiasTan da cud sagzao infrastruq-turasTan erTad, TiTqmis SeuZlebeli gaxada, rom javaxeTis mosaxleobas Tavisi moweuli soflis meurneobis produqtebi ZiriTad bazramde Caetana, ramac, Tavis mxriv, xeli Seuwyo adgilobrivi mosaxleobis Zlierad damokidebulebas rusul samxedro bazaze.

bolo wlebSi viTareba Seicvala, rac ganapiroba sa man-qano gzis reabilitaciam rogorc uSualod regionSi, ise qve-mo qarTlis gavliT, aseve _ yarsi-axalqalaqi-baqos rkinigzis mSeneblobam da 2007 wels rusuli samxedro bazis saqarTvel-osTvis gadacemam. am yvelafris Semdeg SesaZlebeli gaxda, rom mosaxleobas sasoflo-sameurneo produqtebis bazari javaxeTis farglebs gareT moeZebnaT. regionSi sxvadasxva komerciuli bankis filialebis gaxsnam mniSvnelovnad Seuwyo xeli regionis ekonomikur gaaqtiurebas da integracias.

2014 welsaa dagegmili yarsi-axalqalaqi-baqos rki-nigzis dasruleba, romelic azerbaijanis, saqarTvelosa da TurqeTis sarkinigzo sistemebs erTmaneTs daukavSirebs. proeqtis mixedviT, eqspluataciis pirvel wels rkinigza gaa-tarebs 2-3 mln. tona tvirTs, rac TandaTanobiT 8 mln. to-

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namde gaizrdeba. es gaTvlebi aucileblad imoqmedebs mTli-anad saqarTvelos satranzito funqciis mniSvenelovanebis gazrdaze da gansakuTrebiT daexmareba javaxeTis ekonomi-kur ganviTarebas.12

masmedia da samoqalaqo sazogadoeba

eTnikuri umciresobebiT dasaxlebuli yvela regioni da, maT Soris, javaxeTic ganicdian informaciis simcires. sakmaod SezRudulia centridan miwodebuli informacia. saqarTvelos strategiisa da saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis kvlevis fondis mier 2013 wlis gazafxulze Catarebuli ga-mokiTxvis mixedviT, respondentebis 82,9 procentis Tanax-mad, maTi informaciis ZiriTadi wyaroa naTesavebi da me-gobrebi, 76,1 procentisTvis _ somxuri satelevizio arxebi, xolo rusuli televizia _ 59,3 procentisTvis. saqarTvelos sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblisgan informacias iRebs mxolod 24,6 procenti.13

javaxeTSi arsebobs ori adgilobrivi telekompania, erTi _ ninowmindaSi da erTic _ axalqalaqSi. aseve SesaZle-belia somxuri, rusuli da qarTuli arxebis (sazogadoebri-vi mauwyeblis da `imedis~) daWera. `imedze~ TiTqmis ar aris araqarTulenovani gadacemebi, xolo sazogadoebrivi mauwye-blis meore arxis axali ambebi dReSi orjer gadis. `qarTuli ocnebis~ xelisuflebaSi mosvlis Semdeg Sewyda rusuleno-vani arx Пик-is mauwyebloba, ramac kidev ufro SezRuda in-formaciis miwodeba javaxeTSi.

javaxeTis Sesaxeb informaciis ZiriTadi wyaro xel-misawvdomia rusuli axali ambebis saagento `regnumis~ sa-SualebiT, romelic sandoobiT ar gamoirCeva da mkveTrad antiqarTul pozicias aSuqebs.

javaxeTSi daregistrirebulia 90-mde arasamTavrobo organizacia, magram maTgan mxolod ramdenimea aqtiuri da mxolod ramdenimes aqvs gavlena Sidaregionul ganviTare-baze. umetesoba dafuZnda sxvadasxva proeqtis Sedegad, fi-nansdeboda donorebis mier da amdenad, ar aRmoCnda sicocx-lisunariani. 2013 wels Catarebulma gamokiTxvam aCvena, rom adgilobrivi mosaxleobis samoqalaqo aqtivoba ukiduresad dabalia arCevnebSi monawileTa maRal procentul maCvene-

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belTan _ 53 procentTan SedarebiT. 14

regionSi mniSvnelovani moTamaSeebi 1990-iani wlebi-dan iyvnen `javaxki~ da `virqi~, romelTac mogvianebiT Seu-erTdnen ̀ gaerTianebuli javaxki~ da ̀ javaxkis axalgazrduli sportuli kavSiri~. ̀ javaxkma~, romelic iyo ukiduresad ten-denciuri, bolo xanebSi dakarga mniSvneloba. `virqi~ erTka-ciani organizaciaa, misi lideri, daviT rastakiani, cnobili mas Semdeg gaxda, rac uari miiRo saqarTvelos iusticiis saministrosgan daeregistrirebina `virqi~ politikur par-tiad. `gaerTianebuli javaxki~ da `javaxkis axalgazrduli sportuli kavSiric~ cnobili SedarebiT radikaluri pozi-ciebiTa da nacionalisturi gegmebiT gaxdnen. `gaerTiane-bul javaxkSi~, romelic dafuZnda axalqalaqidan rusuli samxedro bazis gayvanis saprotestod, gaerTianda ramdenime organizacia, maT Soris `javaxkis axalgazrduli sportuli kavSiric~, romlis yvelaze radikaluri wevrebic, maT Soris vahan Caxalianic, iaraRis aralegalurad Senaxvis gamo 2008 wlis zafxulSi daakaves. Caxaliani 2013 wlis ianvarSi amnis-tiis Sedegad gaaTavisufles.

gare moTamaSeebi da moqalaqeobis sakiTxebi

oficialuri erevani javaxeTTan dakavSirebiT TavSe-kavebiTa da frTxilad iqceva da am regionis mimarT aranair iridentistul miswrafebebs ar amJRavnebs da arc im areul 1990-ian wlebSi gamoumJRavnebia, rodesac javaxeTidan bevri somexi iRebda monawileobas mTiani yarabaRis konfliqtSi. somxeTis mTavroba xSirad gaukritikebiaT somxur organi-zaciebs javaxeTis somxebTan dakavSirebuli araaqtiuri da TiTqos gulgrili damokidebulebebis gamo. sazogadoebri-vi azri, gansakuTrebiT javaxeTis emigrantebisa, sakmaod mgrZnobiarea javaxeTis problemebTan dakavSirebiT da maTi organizaciebi mimarTaven iseT RonisZiebebs, rac regionSi somxuri identobis SenarCuneba-ganviTarebas uwyobs xels. somxuri organizaciebis gancxadebebi Tu politikuri mec-nierebebis somexi warmomadgenlebi javaxeTSi mimdinare mov-lenebs xSirad gazviadebulad gadmoscemen, rac adgilobrivi mosaxleobis gaRizianebasac ki iwvevs.

somxeTis sagareo politikis prioritetebi, gansakuT-

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rebiT misi strategiuli partnioroba ruseTTan, ganapi-robebs javaxeTis somxebis mkveTrad uaryofiT ganwyobas saqarTvelo-ruseTis daZabul urTierTobebTan dakavSire-biT, aseve maT `frTxil~ damokidebulebas saqarTvelos ev-roatlantikur miswrafebebTan.15

ruseTis 62 samxedro baza axalqalaqSi bolomde, 2007 wels mis daxurvamde, axdenda gavlenas javaxeTSi mimdinare movlenebze. rusuli baza iyo regionis ZiriTadi damsaqme-beli, aseve xels uwyobda mWidro socialur Tu ekonomikur kavSirebs ruseTTan. Cveulebrivi praqtika iyo bazaze momuSa-ve adgilobrivi eTnikuri somexi mosaxleobisTvis ruseTis moqalaqeobis miniWeba. baza iyo erT-erTi mTavari faqtori, romelic xels uSlida saqarTvelos mTavrobis Zalisxmevas javaxeTis saqarTvelosTan integraciis saqmeSi da gamoiyene-boda politikuri zewolis iaraRad javaxeTSi radikaluri elementebis separatistuli moTxovnebis mxardasaWerad. ro-desac ruseTi iZulebuli gaxda evropaSi Cveulebrivi Seia-raRebuli Zalebis Sesaxeb xelSekrulebis Tanaxmad daewyo bazis gayvanis RonisZiebebi, esec axalqalaqSi saprotesto gamosvlebis mobilizebisaTvis gamoiyenes.16

bazis gayvanis Semdeg regionSi Semcirda ruseTis roli, Tumca sruliad ar gamqrala. bevri adgilobrivi se-zonurad midis ruseTis federaciaSi samuSaod. qarTul-ru-suli urTierTobebis garTulebam, gansakuTrebiT sazRvris Caketvam ruseTis mxridan da vizebTan dakavSirebulma pro-blemebma, gaarTula ruseTSi wasvla. ruseTSi gamgzavrebis gasaadvileblad javaxeTis somxebi somxeTis moqalaqeobas iReben, rac maT ruseTSi uvizod wasvlis saSualebas aZlevs. moqalaqeobis Sesaxeb somxeTis kanonis 2007 wlis Seswore-bebis Tanaxmad, gamartivda pirobebi, romlis safuZvelzec moqalaqeoba eniWeba im eTnikur somxebs, romlebic somxeTSi ar arian dabadebuli. amrigad, javaxeTis eTnikurad somexi saqarTvelos moqalaqeebi somxeTis moqalaqeobas yovelgvari dabrkolebis gareSe iReben. ar arsebobs zusti monacemebi, ramdenma eTnikurma somexma javaxeTidan miiRo somxeTis moqa-laqeoba, radgan saqarTvelo-somxeTs ara aqvT Sesabamisi Se-Tanxmeba informaciis gacvlasTan dakavSirebiT, magram dina-mika aSkarad mzardia. somxeTis moqalaqeoba saSualebas aZ-

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levs adgilobrivebs wavidnen ruseTSi somxeTis gavliT raime garTulebis gareSe, daiwyon muSaoba Tu moinaxulon iq mo-muSave ojaxis wevrebi. somxeTis savizo reJimi saqarTvelos-Tvis ramdenime problemas qmnis. pirveli _ saqarTvelos ka-noni moqalaqeobis Sesaxeb ar iZleva ormagi moqalaqeobis nebarTvas, Tuki ar iqneba amaze prezidentis brZanebuleba, rac naklebsavaraudoa gamoyenebuli iyos masobrivad erTi regionis warmomadgenlebisTvis. saqarTveloSi moqalaqeebma uari unda Tqvan saqarTvelos moqalaqeobaze, Tuki undaT sxva qveynis moqalaqeobis miReba, an unda moiTxovon ormagi moqalaqeoba; meore _ 2008 wlis omis dros miRebulma gamoc-dilebam saqarTveloSi, aseve ukrainis bolodroindelma mov-lenebma aCvena, rom moqalaqeobis sakiTxi SeiZleba gamoye-nebuli iyos qveynis teritoriuli mTlianobis winaaRmdeg.

daskvna

marTalia, saqarTvelos erovnuli politikis dRis wesrigSi dadga umciresobebis sakiTxebi, gansakuTrebiT ki javaxeTSi mcxovrebi somxuri Temis saWiroebebi, da am mimar-TulebiT garkveuli winsvlac SeiniSneba, magram jer kidev bevri mniSvnelovani nabijia gadasadgmeli.

arsebuli demokratiuli mmarTvelobis struqturebi ar uzrunvelyofs moqalaqeebis srulfasovan monawileobas qveynis marTvis procesebSi. umciresobebi ar arian saTana-dod warmodgenili centralur saxelmwifo aparatSi, ar aris damkvidrebuli sajaro-kerZo dialogis kultura da arc sa-zogadoebaa CarTuli mniSvnelovani politikuri sakiTxebis ganxilvaSi.

saqarTveloSi Catarebul sayovelTao da adgilobriv arCevnebSi umciresobaTa monawileobis maRali maCveneblis miuxedavad, partiul siebSi mxolod aqa-iq Tu SexvdebodiT umciresobebis warmomadgenlebs, ZiriTadad ki partiebis umetesobas TavianT programebSi umciresobebis sakiTxebi Se-tanili ar aqvT. umciresobebi xmas yovelTvis Zalauflebis mqone partias aZlevdnen, rac danaxuli iyo, rogorc saxelm-wifos mimarT loialobis gamoxatuleba _ samoqalaqo vali. marTalia, praqtika gviCvenebs, rom parlamentis wevrebi ja-vaxeTidan didad ar aqtiuroben TavianTi regionis saWiroe-

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bebze yuradRebis gasamaxvileblad, magram, miuxedavad amisa, maT alternativa wlebis ganmavlobaSi ar hyoliaT.

javaxeTSi gavleniani figurebi arian deputatebi, gam-geblebi, sakrebulos Tavmjdomareebi da policiis ufrosebi da mosaxleobac mniSvnelovanwilad maTzea damokidebuli. demokratiis ganviTarebisa da mosaxleobis ramdenime avto-ritetze damokidebulebis SemcirebisaTvis saWiroa gaCndes dasaqmebisa da biznesis ganviTarebis alternatiuli SesaZ-leblobebi. amisaTvis aucilebelia javaxeTis ekonomikur Tu demokratiul ganviTarebaze mzrunvelma donorebma gaafar-Tovon da Secvalon TavianTi beneficiarebis wre, rac xels Seuwyobs samoqalaqo sazogadoebis Camoyalibebas regionSi.

javaxeTSi saganmanaTleblo miznebi ZiriTadad qar-Tuli enis swavlebas iTvaliswinebs. marTalia, ena aris in-tegraciis gaRrmavebis mTavari faqtori, magram aucilebelia samoqalaqo ganaTlebis programebis Setanac, rac moqalaqeebs gaacnobs kargi mmarTvelobisa da politikuri sistemis moq-medebis meqanizmebs. Zalian mniSvnelovania gagrZeldes javax-eTis mosaxleobaSi saxelmwifo enis codnis gavrcelebis mx-ardaWera da es Zalisxmeva warimarTos logikurad da koor-dinirebulad.

javaxeTisTvis uaRresad mniSvnelovania samoqalaqo sazogadoebis ganviTarebis mxardaWera. gansakuTrebuli dax-marebaa saWiro regionuli mediis gasaZliereblad; vfiqrobT, proeqtebi, mimarTuli SesaZleblobebis zrdisaken, xels Seuwyobs obieqturi, damoukidebeli da samarTliani infor-maciis gavrceleba-miRebas.

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gamoyenebuli literatura

1 Eka Metreveli and Jonathan Kulick, Social Relations and Governance in Javakheti, Geor-gia, April 2009.

2 iqve.

3 www.coe.int/t/dghl/monitoring/minorities/3_fcnmdocs/PDF_1st_SR_Georgia_en.pdf

4 iqve.

5 Eka Metreveli and Jonathan Kulick, 2009.

6 studentebi, sanam Seudgebian Cveulebriv sabakalavriato programas, pirvel saswavlo wels mxolod qarTul enas swavloben.

7 2010 wels 124 eTnikurad somexi skoladamTavrebulidan 102 Cairicxa umaRles saswavleblebSi; 2011-Si _ 156-dan _ 127; 2012-Si _ 157-dan _ 132; 2013-Si _ 135-dan _ 103.

8 ix.: Hedvig Lohm, ‘Dukhobors in Georgia: A Study of the Issue of Land Ownership and Inter-Ethnic Relations in Ninotsminda Rayon (Samtskhe-Javakheti),’ Tbilisi: ECMI, 2006; Ekaterine Metreveli, The Dynamics of “Frozen Tension” – The Case of Javakheti, GFSIS, Tbilisi, 2004; Eka Metreveli and Jonathan Kulick, Social Relations and Governance in Ja-vakheti, Georgia, April 2009.

9 www.cec.gov.ge

10 Eka Metreveli and Jonathan Kulick, 2009.

11 www.cec.gov.ge

12 Владимир Папава, Железная дорога Карс-Ахалкалаки-Тбилиси-Баку и развитие Джавахети. Джавахети:Вызовы и Перспектвы. Тбилиси, 2013.

13 Опрос населения Джавахети «Барометр 2013” Тамара Абашидзе, Ирина Жвания, Анастасия Китиашвили. Джавахети:Вызовы и Перспектвы. Тбилиси, 2013.

14 iqve.

15 Eka Metreveli and Jonathan Kulick, 2009.

16 iqve.

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