wdkufa&,mOf 103 |

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armifaomfu \ wdkufa&,mOf 103 | www.mmcybermedia.com 1

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rifbmrsm;cifAsm;/

armifaomfu \ wdkufa&,mOf 103 pmtkyfudk uRefawmfpwif½dkufwifay;ygrnfcifAsm;/ Adkvfaomfu

OD;pD;aom wkdufa&,mOf 103yifv,fjyifwGif epfjrKyfoGm;wm yifv,fjyifxJwGif 13

&ufwdkifwdkifaecJh&aom Zmwfvrf;jzpfygw,fcifAsm;/ aus;Zl;;wifygw,fcifAsm;/

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Table of Contents armifaomfu udk,fa&;tusOf;/................................................................................................. 6

pma&;ol\trSmpm/................................................................................................................. 7

xkwfa0ol\trSm/ .................................................................................................................. 9

aus;Zl;wifvTm/ .................................................................................................................... 10

yrmP ................................................................................................................................. 11

1/ wdkufa&,mOf 103/ .......................................................................................................... 14

2/ yifv,fc&D;twGuf jyifqifjcif;/ ...................................................................................... 17

3/ yifv,fjyifodkY xGufcJhNyD/ ................................................................................................. 20

4/ oabFmuGJum epfjrKyfNyD/.................................................................................................. 29

5/ 1956 ck? Edk0ifbmv 29 &uf/ ......................................................................................... 40

1956 ck/ Edk0ifbm 30 &uf/ .............................................................................................. 56

1956 ck/ 'DZifbmv 1 &ufaeY/ ........................................................................................ 59

1956 ck/ 'DZifbm 2 &uf/ ................................................................................................ 61

1956 ck/........................................................................................................................... 62

'DZifbm 3 &uf/ ................................................................................................................ 62

1956 ck/ 'DZifbmv 4 &uf/ ............................................................................................ 65

1956 ck/ 'DZifbm 5 &uf/ ................................................................................................ 66

1956 ck/........................................................................................................................... 68

'DZifbmv 6 &uf/............................................................................................................. 68

1956 ck/ 'DZifbmv 7 &uf/ ............................................................................................ 70

1956 ck/........................................................................................................................... 75

'DZifbmv 8 &uf/............................................................................................................. 75

AdkvfapmOD;tp tokb&ufrsm;/ ........................................................................................... 75

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1956 ck/ 'DZifbmv 9 &uf/ ............................................................................................ 77

1956 ck/ 'DZifbmv 10 &uf/ .......................................................................................... 80

1956 ck/ 'DZifbmv 11 &uf/ aomufa& vufusef av;bl; om½Sdawmhonf/ av;bl;onf

ESpf&ufpm/ ......................................................................................................................... 83

7/ tDpefrm½l;/ ( &efukef-pifumyl c&D;pOf )/........................................................................ 98

8/ pifumylodkY/ ................................................................................................................. 102

9/ pifumylrS jynfawmfjyef/ ............................................................................................... 104

aemufqufwGJ/ ................................................................................................................... 106

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armifaomfu udk,fa&;tusOf;/

1928 ckESpf?a½TbkdNrdKYwGif tz OD;rSefMuD;? trd a':NrdKifwdkYrS zGm;jrifonf/om;orD;

4 a,mufteuf tMuD;qHk;om; jzpfonf/ 1947 ckESpfwGifwuúodkvf0ifwef;

atmifcJhonf/

¤if;ESpfwGifyifArmha&wyfrawmfodkY wyfom;tjzpf0ifa&muf trIxrf;cJhonf/

wyfrawmf(a&wyf) wGif Adkifrª;&mxl;txd xrf;aqmifcJhonf/

1969 ckESpfrS 1977 xdjyefMum;a&;0efMuD;Xmea½SYodkY^azmf0yf pmapmifrsm;wGif

pmwnf;csKyftjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf/

,aeYxdt*Fvdyfpm^ pum; oifMum;ydkYcsjcif;?

a&aMumif;odyÜHtwwfynmrsm;udkEdkifiHjcm;oGm; oabFmom;rsm;tm;

oifMum;ydkYcsay;jcif;? pmay uAsma&;om;jcif; ponfhvkyfief;udk

vkyfudkifvsuf½Sdonf/

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pma&;ol\trSmpm/

udk,fawGY tjzpftysuf rSwfwrf; w&yfjzpfonfh wkdufa&,mOf 103 \ oabFmysuf udk,fawGYtjzpftysuf Zmwfvrf;udk

ayzl;vTmr*¾Zif;wGif 1987 ckESpf rwfvrS pí Zlvdkifvtxd ig;vwdwd tcef;qufa&;om; wifjycJhygonf/ ,cktcg pmzwf

y&dowfrsm;\awmif;qdkrI t& ]rZödKrpmaywkduf} rS tcuftcJ trsdK;rsdK;udk ausmfvTm;um vHk;csif; 0w¬Ktjzpf xkwfa0vkdufjcif;

jzpfygonf/

,cifu uRefawmfonf þZmwfvrf;udk rnfonfh r*¾Zif;wGifrQ ra&;om;cJhzl;yg/ 1957 ckESpf azazmf0g&Dvxkwf jr0wD r*¾Zif;wGif

wdkufa&,mOf 103 [lí pmrsufESm ESpfrsufESmrQ azmfjycJhonfrSm uRefawmfha&;om;csuf r[kwfyg/ jr0wD r*¾Zif; t,f'DwmtzGJYu

1957 ckESpf 'DZifbm 17 &ufaeYxkwf puFmyl px&dwf wdkif;owif;pmrS owif;a&;om;csufudk xkwfEkwfí bmomjyef

wifjycJhjcif;omvQif jzpfygonf/

uRefawmfonf wdkufa&,mOf 103 epfjrKyfNyD;onfhaemuf ESpfaygif; oHk;q,fwdkifatmif ra&;bJ aecJh&mrS ,cktcsdefonf uRefawmfh

b0\ qnf;qmcsdefvnf; a&mufNyD? jrefrmpmaywGif ½Sdonfhaom a&aMumif; pmay w&yfvnf; usef&pfap[laom

&nf½G,fcsufESifhtwl uRefawmfh&Jabmfrsm;\ yifv,fjyifudk tefwkvsuf wdkif;jynfwm0ef ausyGefcJhrIudkvnf; csD;usL;

rSwfwrf;wifonfhtaeESifh tusdK;rJh tcsnf;ESD; rjzpfapvdkaom qEESifh zGifh[ a&;om;vkduf&jcif; jzpfygonf/

ESpfaygif; 30 apmifhqdkif;aecJhjcif;rSm wkdif;jynf wm0efudk xrf;aqmif&if; toufay;oGm;cJhonfh &Jabmf wpkwdkY\ usef&pfom

rdom;pkrsm; pdwfrcsrf;rom jzpfMurnfudk pdk;&drfaomaMumifh ww fEdkiforQ EIwfydwf a&iHkaecJhjcif; jzpfygonf/

,ckaomf aoaomolvnf; arhavmufNyD? 'Pfrsm;vnf; ausavmufNyD[k ,lqum jrefrmpmaywGif ½Sm;yg;vSonfh a&aMumif; pmay

w&yf rSwfwrf;wiftjzpf &ifememjzifhyif a&;om;wifjycJh&jcif; jzpfygonf/

oabFmysuf 'ku©onf b0qdkonfrSm oabFmom; wOD;b0wGif rawmifhwtyfaom? rarQmfvifh tyfaom b0jzpfonf/ uRefawmfESifh

&Jabmfrsm;onf wdkufa&,mOf 103 udk vIdif;avMum;wGif repfjrKyfap&ef tpGrf;ukef MudK;pm;vsufESifhyif rarQmfvifhbJ

oabFmysuf'ku©onftjzpfodkY a&mufcJh&onf/ oabFmysufonfwGif toufu,f azmifudk pD;um yifv,fjyifwGif arQmygcJh&onf/

u,folawGYEdk; uRef;a&mufEdk;ESifhyif wae0if? wrdk;aomuf 'ku©a&mufcJhMuonf/ 'ku©[kqdkjcif;xuf avmu\ i&JodkY t½Sifvwfvwf

a&mufcJh&jcif; qdkygu ydkí rSefygvdrfhrnf/

uRefawmf\rsufpd a½SYarSmufüyif &Jabmfrsm; tpmiwf a&iwfESifh wa,mufNyD; wa,muf toufaysmufcJhMuonf/ ao&rnfudk

aMumuf½GHYMuonfrSm ouf½SdowÅ0gwdkif;\ "r®wm/ uRefawmfonfvnf; ao&rnfudk aMumufygonf/ odkYaomf rdr dao&rnfudk

odaomfvnf; aemufqHk;tcsdeftxd wm0efudk ausyGefpGm xrf;aqmifcJhMuvsuf aemufqHk;xGufouftxd rnfolYudkrQ 'ku©ray;bJ

aorif;udk &J&J rsufESmcsif;qkdifoGm;cJ hjcif; [lonfrSm a,musfm;yDoaomolrsm;? owåd½Sdaom olrsm;om wwfpGrf;Edkifygonf/ ½Sifusef

aecJhonfh &Jabmf wpkwGifvnf; ,if;odkYaom owÅd½Sifrsm; ½SdMuygonf/ olwdkYonf wdkif;jynfu csD;usL;xdkufonfh yk*¾dKvfrsm;

jzpfygonf/

wdkufa&,mOf 103 epfjrKyfNyD;onfhaemufwGif ¤if;oabFmESifh rsdK;wl (nDtpfroabFm) udk;pD;rQ usefcJhygonf/ 103

epfjrKyfNyD;onfhaemufwGif usef oabFmudk;pD;tm; uRrf;usifol qmaA,mrsm;jzifh ppfaq;aponfwGif yifv,fjyifwGif oGm;&eftwGuf

vHk;0roifhavsmfaom tajctaewGif ½Sdonf[k awGY½Sd&onhftwGuf a&wyfpm&if;rSy,fum zsufodrf;apcJh&onf/ þrQqdkvQif

wdkufa&,mOf 103 epfjrKyf &jcif;rSm tb,faMumifhqdkonfudk odoifhayNyD/ oabFmrSm oufwrf; ukefcJhNyD jzpfonf/

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urÇmhowif;pmMuD;rsm;? txl;ojzifh puFyl px&dwfwdkif; ( Singapore Strait Time ) owif;pmu ]AdkvfMuD; baomfwdkYvlpkonf

vlwa,muf touf½SifEdkifa&;twGuf tenf;qHk; vdktyfonf[k ,lqaom aomufa&tcsdK;tpm;xuf avsmhíyif 13 &ufrQ

aecJhMuonf/ yg&*lwdkY tvdkt&rI touf½Sif&ef arQmfvifhcsuf r½Sdacs} [k a&;om;cJhonf/

urÇmhEdkifiH toD;oD;rS uRefawmfwdkYvlpkudk tHhzG,fol&J p Grf;aqmif EdkifMuorsm;[k csD;usL;cJhMuonf/ jrefrmjynfrSrI

yk*¾dKvfMuD;wOD;uom udk,fxdvufa&muf csD;ajrSufcJhygonf/ ,cktcg pmzwfoljynfolvlxk twGif;usus od½SdMu&eftwGuf

tjzpftysufudk ESpfaygif; 30 rQ odk0Sufxm;&mrS rSwfrdorQ wduspGm wifjyvdkufygonf/

uRefawmfwdkYonf xdkpOftcgu tuf 20 ausmf tpdwfrQom rsrf;rQtm;jzifh ½Sdygonf/ &mxl; tMuD;qHk; uRefawmfyifvQif 29

ESpft½G,frQom ½Sdygao;onf/ uRefawmfht½G,fESifh uRefawmhfÓPf&nfESifh twwfpGrf;EdkifqHk;udk jyKvkyfcJhonfh omrefvlom;

t&m½SdwOD;omvQif jzpfygonf/

wdkufa&,mOf 103 epfjrKyfcJh&jcif;wGif uRefawmf wOD;wnf; tay:om vHk;0 wm0ef½Sdygonf/ oabFm ysufNyD;aemufydkif;

yifv,fjyifudk 13 &ufwdkif &ifqkdifvsuf aorif;udk tefwkum avmui&JrS jyefxGufvmEdkifcJhjcif;onf uRefawmfh&Jabmfrsm;\ owåd

pGrf;yum;aMumifhomvQif jzpfygonf/ þonfudk wdkif;jynfu odapcsifygonf/ þrSwfwrf;udk zwf½INyD;onfhaemuf wpHkw&m

trSm;t,Gif; tcRwf tacsmf ½Sdc Jhaomf ESpfaygif; 30 MumumrS jyefa&;om; &onfaMumifh uRefawmf owdarhavsmh cRwfacsmrIaMumifh

jzpfygonf/

wdkkufa&,mOf 103 rS usqHk;avol &Jabmfrsm; aumif;&mok*wd vm;ygap/

jrefrm vli,frsm; yifv,fjyifudk vTrf;rdk;Edkifap&rnf/

armifaomfu/

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xkwfa0ol\trSm/

q&m armifaomfuonf pma&;q&mESifh xkwfa0ol yHkpHrsdK;r[kwfbJ rdbESifh om;orD;vdk az;az;rr wdkufwdkufwGef;wGef; ESifh

uRefawmf tygt0if awmif;cHol trsm;tjym; Mum;rS uRefawmfhtm; a½G;cs,fNyD; udk,fwkdifukd,fus tm;ay; cGifhjy KcJhygonf/

av;pm;MunfndKzG,f&m q&mhpdwfxm;udk aus;Zl;wif OD;nGwfygaMumif; a½S;OD;pGm ajymMum;vkdygonf/

q&m armifaomfu\ wdkufa&,mOf 103 udk,fawGY tjzpfrSef Zmwfvrf;ESifh ywfoufNyD; tppt&m&m 0dkif;0ef; ulnDcJhMuonfh

ayzl;vTm r*¾Zif; pmwnf;tzGJY ESifh yef;cs D jrifharmifausmf? umwGef; armifarmifatmifwdkYtm;vnf; aus;Zl; Oyum&txl;

wif½SdygaMumif; av;pm;pGm rSwfwrf;wif tyfygonf/

rZödKrpmay \ xkwfa0a&; vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;onf jrefrmpmay tEkynmavmutwGuf jrLwrief oJwyGifhrQ t&mxifvQifyif

auseyf&rnf jzpfygonf/ avuwGif ½kyfydkif;qkdif&m yGm;pD;vdkolonf emrfydkif;qdkif&m tompD;udk a&mifh&JEdkif &ygrnf/ xdkYtwl

emrfydkif;qdkif&m *kPfodef wufvdkolonf ½kyfydkif;q dkif&mwGif avmbxdef;Edkif&rnf[k ,lqygonf/ xdkYa Mumifh rZödKrpmayudk

owdrItav;xm; vonfESifhtrQ pD;yGm;a&;tjrifwGif uRefawmfh t&nftaoG;onf ajymp&mjzpfaeygonf/ ouf½SdzefwD;ol

uRefawmf\ yk*¾dKvfa&; t&mrxifvQif ½S dygap? oufrJh uRefawmfh rZödKrpmaywdkuf *kPfwufvQifjzifh y Dwdjzifh auseyfa&mifh&Jaernfom

jzpfygonf/

jrefrmpmay tEkynm avmuom;tm;vHk; tcuftcJudk em;vnfpGm cg;pnf; ausmfjzwfvsuf ½Sdygonf/ odu©mvdkcsifolu odu©m,l?

aiGvdkcsifolu aiG,lum pmay tEkynm avmuonf orrQwpGm ½Sifoefvsuf½Sdygonf/ 0goemMuD;rm;jcif;? tepfemcHjcif;?

onf;cHjcif;? c GifhvTwfjcif;? arhvkdufjcif; rsm;pGmwdkYaygif;pnf;vsuf pmay tEkynmvrf;onf t½Sdeft[kefrysuf qufvuf

csDwufaeygonf/

jrefrmpmay tEkynm avmuxJodkY rnfolYudkrQ rNydKi fqdkifbJ wEdkifwtm;ESifh 0goem t&if;cHum rZödKrpmayonf ½kd;om;pGm

0ifa&mufcJhNyD; ½kd;om;pGmyif avQmufvrf;vsuf ½Sdaeygonf/

tm;ay;ol jynfoltaygif; udk,fusef;rmNyD; pdwfcsrf;omMuygap/ aumif;jrwfaom qErsm; jynhf0Muygap/

av;pm;aeaom &Jjrihf rZödKrpmay 14? 7? 87/

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aus;Zl;wifvTm/

wdkufa&,mOf 103 udktcef;quf Zmwfvrf;tjzpf azmfjyay;cJhaom ayzl;vTmr*¾Zif;

t,f'DwmcsKyf OD;jrvIdif? tppt&m&mwGif ulnDay;cJhMuonfh pmwnf;tzGJY0ifrsm;?

pmtkyfxkwfa0ol rZö dKrpmayrS udk&JjrifhESifh Zmwfvrf;udk a&;om;jzpfap&ef twGuf

wenf;tm;jzifh vIHYaqmfcJhol pma&;q&m atmifoif; wdkYtm; txl;aus;Zl;wif½SdygaMumif;/

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armifaomfu/

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yrmP

þonfrSm pdwful;,Of Zmwfvrf;wck r[kwfyg/ b0wGif MuHKawGYcJh&aom tjzpftysufrSefwckjzpfygonf/ þonfrSm

tcspfZmwfvrf;wck r[kwfyg/ oabFmom;wOD;\ b0wGif MuHKawGYap&ef rarQmfvifh tyfonfhoabFmysufZmwfvrf; wckjzpfygonf/

þonfrSm ppfrufa&;&m r[kwfyg/ yifv,fwGif oabFmysufí 'ku©a&muf&onfh oabFmom; vli,fwpk aorif;ESifh

,SOfNydKiftefwk&onfh Zmwfvrf;jzpfygonf/ pdwf0ifpm;zG,fjzpfaumif; jzpfrnf rSefaomfvnf; pdwfrcsrf;omzG,f Zmwfvrf;wck

jzpfonf[k pma&;olu MudKwif ajymqdkvdkygonf/

pdwfrcsrf;omzG,f aumif;vSonfaMumifh rajymrqdk? ra&;rom;cJhonfrSm ESpfaygif; oHk;q,frQ Mumanmif;cJhygNyD/ ajymoifh

qdkoifhonf xifaom tcsuftvufrsm;udk ajymoifhonfh ae&mtcsdKYwGif ajymcJhonfrS ty wwfEdkiforQ EIwfydwfae&iHk aecJhygonf/

ESpfaygif; 30 Mumtxd þtaMumif;udk uRefawmf r&;om;cJhyg/

yifv,fwGif aoqHk;cJhMu&aom &JabmwdkY\ rdom;pkrsm;ESifh raobJ usef&pfMuaom &Jabmf wpkudkvnf; pdwfrcsrf;ajrhzG,frsm;udk

jyefajymif; owdr& apvdkjcif;aMumifh cyfrqdwfyif aecJhygonf/ ,ckaomf ESpfaygif; 30 rQaom umvonf 'Pf&mtemw&rsm;udk

usufapaomumvjzpfNyD[k xifjcif;aMumifh b0tjzpftysuf w&yftaeESifh rSwfwrf; wifcJh jcif; jzpfyg\/

uRefawmfhb0 Zmwfvrf;csnf; oufoufr[kwfyg/ uRefawmfESifhtwl yifv,fjyifwGif touf½Sif&ef MudK;yrf;&if;usqHk;oGm;onfh

&Jabmfrsm;? aorif;\ cHwGif;0rS jyefxGufvmEkdifcJhMuonfh t&m½Sd ? &Jabmfwpk\ b0Zmwfvrf; jzpfygonf/

pma&;ol uRefawmf armifaomfuonf þtjzpftysufwGif y"meusaom tcef;rS rvTJra½Smifom yg0ifcJh&onf/ odkYjzpfjcif;a Mumifh

yxremrfpm; yk*¾vudef; uRefawmf[lí oHk;pGJ&ygonf/ uRefawmfhZmwfvrf;qdkonfxuf a&wyfrS urf;ajcvSnfh uif;oabFm

wpif;jzpfonfh wdkufa&,mOf 103 \ Zmwfvrf;qdkvQif ydkrSefygonf/ wkdufa&,mOf 103 ( w&, 103 ) onf yifv,fjyfiwGif

uif;vSnfh wm0efxrf;aqmif&if; 1956 ck? Edk0ifbm 29 &ufaeY? eHeuf 0700 em&Dcef YwGif weoFm&D urf;½dk;wef;? avmif;vHk uRef;pk ( Moscos Island ) \ taemufbuf rdkif 20 cefY tuGmü rarQmfvifhaom avjyif;rkefwdkif; wckwGif epfjrKyfcJh &onf/

oabFmay:wGif vkdufygcJhMuonfh t&m½S dESifh oabFmom; pkpkaygif; 27 OD;onf ( Rubber Life Raft ) a&mfbm

toufu,fazmif ESpfpD;jzifh oabFmudk pGefYpGmcJhMu&onf/ toufu,fazmif wpD;rSm &Jabmf udk;OD; yg0ifvQuf aemufwpD;wGif

pma&;ol tygt0if t&m½SdESifh &Jabmf 18 OD; yg0ifMuonf/ &Jabmf udk;OD; yg0ifonfh toufu,f azmifrSm ,aeYxd

½SmrawGYawmhyg/ yifv,fjyifwGif pkyfpjrKy fp aysmufuG,foGm;cJhygonf/ uRefawmf yg0ifonfh toufu,fazmifonf 13 &ufwdkifwkdif

yifv,fjyifwGif arsmygcJh&mrS u,fol awGYí touf½Sifol q,fa,mufrQ usef½SdcJhygonf/ 13 &ufwm umvtwGif; yifv,fjyifwGif

t&m½Sd wOD;ESifh &Jabmf ckepfa,muf pkpkaygif; ½Spfa,muf touf aysmufcJh&ygonf/ uRefawmfonf wkdufa&,mOf 103 \

ppfa&,mOfrª; ( xdkpOfu tac:ta0:tm;jzifh OD;pD;rª; ) jzpfygonf/ þrQ rSwfwrf;tm;jzif h usqHk;avcJhaom &Jabmfrsm;? wm0ef

ausyGefcJhaom &Jabmfrsm;udk *kPfjyKrSwfwrf;wiftyfygownf;/

baomf armifaomfu ( 14-7-86)

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wkdufa&,mOf 103 \ vltiftm; pm&if;/ vltiftm; pm&if;udk ( toufrao usefolrsm;ESifh usqHk;aom &Jabmfrsm; ) [lí pm&if;tvdkuf c GJjcm;jyoygonf/

toufrao usefcJholrsm;/

1/ AdkvfMuD; baomf a&^3051 2/ Adkvfav; oef;vGif a&^1071 (tm&f) 3/ wyfMuyfMuD; udkudkMuD; uytr 2975 4/ wyfMuyf armifat; / 2413 5/ wyfMuyf puf atmifjrifh / 3087 6/ wyfom;^puf *Grf½Sdef / 4181 7/ / ausmfjrifh / 6080 8/ / vSaz / 5004 9/ / vSjrifh / 5631 10/ wyfom;^pm;cef; cifarmif / 5651

usqHk;oGm;aom&Jabmffrsm; ( azmif-1 aysmufqHk; )

1/ wyfom; armiftHk; uytr 3975 2/ / jrifhaqG / 6176 3/ / armifpdk; / 4568 4/ / [efodef; / 5508 5/ / jrifhvGif / 5284 6/ / ½kdaZ;&D;,dk; / 5567 7/ / at;&D / 5187 8/ wyfom;^MudK;rJh cifarmifvwf / 5423 9/ wyfom;^pm;zdk xGef;Munf / 4894

13 &uftwGif; usqHk;oGm;aom t&m½SdESifh & Jabmfrsm; (azmif-2 )

1/ AdkvfMuD; apmOD; a&^3083 2/ wyfMuyfMuD; cifarmif0if; uytr 1111 3/ wyfMuyf armifat; / 3356 4/ / atmifjrifh / 3182 5/ / pHcdk / 3350 6/ wyfMuyf puf ausmfnGefY / 3248 7/ wyfom; ausmfausmf / 4946 8/ wyfom; armifjrifh / 4998

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t&m½Sd? tMuyf? wyfom; 27 OD; teuf uRefawmf tygt0if vl q,fOD;rSm touf½Sif usefaecJhygonf/ uRefawmf pD;eif;onfh

toufu,f azmifay: uRefawmfhrsufpd a½SYarSmufwGif AdkvfMuD; apmOD; ESifh tjcm; tqifh ckESpfOD; pkpkaygif; ½Spfa,muf

toufaysmufcJhygonf/ &Jabmf udk;OD;yg0ifonfh azmifrSm vHk;0 rawGY&awmhaomaMumifh yifv,fjyifwGif aoqHk;Muonf[k

rSwfwrf;wifcJh&ygawmhonf/

,ck a&;om; wifjycJhaom udk,fawGY tjzpftysuf Zmwfvrf;udk zwf½INyD;onfh aemufwGif av;pm;tyfaom pm½Iolonf

uRefawmfhtay:wGif ol&Jaumif; wOD; odkYr[kwf vlqdk; wOD;[k xifjrifaumif; xifjrifMuygvdrfhrnf/ uRefawmfonf

ol&Jaumif;vnf; r[kwfyg/ vlqdk;wOD;vnf; r[kwfyg/ usa&mufvmonfh wm0efESifh 0wå&m;udk rdrdÓPfrDorQ?

pGrf;aqmifEdkiforQudk wwfEdkiforQ ausyGefpGm xrf;aqmifcJhonfh t&m½Sd wOD;om jzpfygaMumif; MudKwif tpD&ifcHvdkygonf/

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1/

wdkufa&,mOf 103/

a&wyf t&m½S di,fwOD;\ b0wGif wdkufa&,mOfwpif;udk tkyfcsKyfcGifhtmPm? OD;p D;rª; (0g) ppfa&,mOfrª;tjzpf cefYtyfcH&jcif;

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1956 ck? pufwifbmvwGif uRefawmfhtm; wdkufa&,mOf 103 \ OD;pD;rª;tjzpf cefYvdkufaomtcg 0rf;om*kPf,lí rqHk;awmhyg/

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10 pD;pvHk;rSm tar&duefa&wyfrS urf;ajcapmifh uif;vSnfh oabFmi,frsm; jzpfMuonf/ 'kwd, urÇmppftwGif;u tar&duef

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xif;½I;om; ( Deal Wood ) rsm;jzifh oabFmudk,fxnfudk wnfaqmufxm;vsuf tvsm;ay 83 ay? teHjAuf 14 ayrQ ½Sdum

a&pl; 6 ayrQ ½Sdonf/ vufeufMuD;rsm; taeESifh 40 rDvDrDwm av,mOfypf puftajrmufMuD; ESpfvufyg½Sdygonf/ OD;ydkif;wGif

wvufESifh yJhydkif;wGif wvuf jzpfygonf/ bdkzm (Bofor) puftajrmuf[k ac:qdkonf/

'kwd,urÇmppf NyD;onfhaemufwGif oabFm trsm;tjym;rSm y dkvQHaeaom ppfusefypönf;rsm; jzpfonfhtavsmuf tar&duef

a&wyfpcef;wckwGif pkNyHKMudK;csnfxm;cJhonf/ ,if;oabFmrsm;teufrS 10 pD;udk jrefrma&wyfodkY vTJajymif;ay;cJh jcif; jzpfonf/ 1950

jynhfESpfwGif jrefrmha&wyfonf tar&duefa&wyfrS urf;ajcapmihf uif;a&,mOf (Coast Guard Cutter ) 10 pD;rQ vTGJtyfay;onfudk pifumylwGif vufcH&,lcJh\/ xdk 10 pD;teufrS wpD;aom oabFmonf wdkufa&,mOf 103 [lí jzpfvmcJhonf/

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wm0efxrf;aqmifoGm;cJhNyD;jzpfawmhonf/

wdkufa&,mOf 103 ESifh uRefawmfonf xdkpOfuwnf;u a&puf qHkcJhMuonf/ 1950 jynfhESpfwGif uRefawmfonf

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t&m½Sdi,f wOD;rSm 'kAdkvf oef;nGefY jzpfonf/ olonf oabFmwGif wGJzuf t&m½Sd jzpfonf/ uRefawmfwdkYoabFmrSm yifv,fjyifwGif

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ESpfOD;omvQif t&m½Sd[lí ½Sdayonf/

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tvkyf vGJajymif;jcif;? vufcH&,ljcif; wdkYudp örSm Mumjrifhonf r[kwfyg/ oabFmu ao;i,fonfaMumifh ypönf;tvTJtajymif;rSm

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cJ,rf;rD;ausmufpm&if;wdkYudkom uRefawmfu *½kwpdkuf ppfaq;um vufrSwfxkd;,lonf/

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xdk;omxdk;? axmif rusap&ygbl;? [J[J}

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AdkvfapmOD;vJ vdkufr,f r[kwfvm;}

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aomufEdkifolrSm AdkvfMuD; uHnGefYyif jzpfonf/ ol rauseyfao;orQ wm0efvTJajymif;vufcH&,ljcif;yGJrsm rNyD;ao;yg/ olrl;ívJ&ef

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wdkufa&,mOf 103 udk AdkvfMuD; 0if;odrf;armifxHrS vTJajymif; vufcH,lNyD;aemuf uRefawmf\ wm0efrSm a&,mOfudk

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MudK;rJhaMu;eef; qufoG,fa&; pufESifh a&aMumif;oHk; ajryHk ( Chart ) rsm;xm;í a&aMumif; a&;qGJxm;aom pm;yGJi,f wck½Sdonf/

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a½SYydkif; OD;bufqDodkY ukef;ywfxufrS avQmufoGm;&ef qdkonfrSm ,ckuJhodkYaom vIdif;avwGif {&mr pGefYpm;cef;MuD; w&yfjzpfygonf/

vIdif;u ukef;ywf wckvHk;ausmfoGm;NyD;rS yifv,fwGif; qif;oGm;onf/ vIdif;vHk;ESifh twl vlvdr fhus ygoGm;Edkifonf/ udkifp&m?

wG,fp&m wck r&cJhvQif vltiftm;csnf; oufoufESifhawmh vIdif;'Pfudk rcHE dkif/ yifv,fwGif ajcu rNrJ? vufu NrJap&onf/

ukd,fhtoufonf udk,fhvufwGif;rSmyif ½Sd\/ rawmfwq vdrfhusoGm;cJhaomf wpHkwOD;u qJGwif,lEdkifap&eftwGuf rdrdcg;udk

MudK;wacsmif;ESifh NrJpGm csnfaESmifxm;NyD;rS oGm;&onf/ pHcdkonf MudK;wacsmif;udk cg;wGif csnfaESmifum OD;ydkif;qDodkY

vufudkifwef;wavsmuf udkifwG,fckdNyD;rS oGm;Munhfonf/ twefMumaomf jyefvmNyD; -

]a½SYydkif; Gun Pit ( tajrmufatmufajcoHrPdjym;0d kif; ) MuD; atmufajcrlvDawG jywfxGufNyD; ,rf;aew,f? Ventilor Hatch Cover ( tHzHk;wHcg; ) vJ usdK;oGm;NyD } [k owif;ydkYonf/

uRefawmf tajctaeudk em;vnfvdkufygonf/ a½SYyd kif;½Sd 40 rr bdkzm tajrmufMuD;ukd ]y} yHkoP²mef½Sd oHjym;jzifh atmufajcrS

0dkif;vnfumxm;onfh oHrPdjym;0dki f;MuD; ½S donf/ xdkt0dkif; MuD;udk atmufajcywfvnfwGif oabFmukef;ywfESifh rlvDrsm;tm;jzifh

pkyfwG,fxm;onf/ xkdrlvDrsm;onf awmf½kHwef½kHrQaom 'Pfudk rNzHK/ odkYaomf ,ck jyif;xefaom vIdif;vHk;rsm;u qufumqufum

oHjym;0dkif;udk wkdufaomtcgwGifrl ESpfwm½SnfpGm oHacs;pm;aom rlvDrsm;jywfxGufukefMuonf/ rlvDrsm; jywfxGufoGm;onfh y

yHkoP²mef oHjym;0dkif;MuD;onf a&wGif usoGm;cJhvQif awmfayrnf/ ,ckrl rnfonfhenf;ESifhrQ usroGm;Edkif/ yyHkwGif

yGifhaeonfhtydkif;rSm vlESpfOD;pm 0ifom½kHrQom ½Sdonf/

tajrmufpif\ atmufajcxku xdktaygufxuf tqrwef MuD;rm;onf/ xdkYaMumifh tajrmufpifumoHjym;onf tajrmufMuD;udk

A[kdjyKvsuf vIdif;vHk;aqmifhwdkif; csmvnfywfvnf ,rf;um teD;0ef;usif ½SdorQudk pdwf½Sd vuf½Sd ½dkufcsdK;aeonfESifh wlawmhonf/

olYudk xdef;csKyf&ef tqdkxm;? teD; 0ef;usifodkYyif roGm;&JMuawmh/ rarQmfr Sef; Edkifonfh tcsdeftwGif; rarQmfrSe f;onhf vIdif;vHk;wvHk;

ajy;aqmifhvdkufygu tajrmufpif oHjym;0dkif;MuD;onf ajy;aqmifh0ifvmrnf jzpfonf/ 25 [NEdwfrQ ru½Sdonfh oHjym;0d kif;MuD;

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wckESifh wtm;ajy;aqmifhonfh 'Pfudk rnfonfh vlom;rQ cHEdkifMurnf r[kwf/ uRefawmfonf yJhpifxufwGif &yfum

OD;ydkif;ukef;ywfxufwGif EGm;½kdif; MuD;waumif vGwfovdk xifwdkif; aomif;usef;aeonfh oHjym;0dkif; MuD;udk jrif&onfwcsuf?

rjrif&onf wcsufESifh rwwfom? rEdkifom Munfhae&awmhonf/ opfom;rsm;? oHwkdifrsm; wajzmif; jzmif; usdK;oHudkrl em;rcsrf;ompGm

Mum;ae&onf/

xdkpOf AdkvfMuD; apmOD;ESifh Adkvfav; oef;vGifwdkY yJhtdrftwGif;rS ajy;xGufvmum ...

]pDtdk? a&awG atmufuvJ 0ifw,f? Hatch Cover vJ usdK;oGm;NyD? taygufuvJ w&a[m 0ifaew,f} [k owif;ydkYonf/

]uRefawmfodw,f AdkvfapmOD;? a½SYy dkif;u Hatch Cover ( tHzHk;wHcg; ) usdK;oGm;NyD? a&yHk;eJY a&cyfxkwfzdkYvJ rjzpfEdkifawmhbl;?

a½SYydkif;u &JabmfawG tukefxGufcdkif;NyD; Water-Tight Doors ( a&vHkwHcg; ) awGom ydwfvdkufayawmh}

AdkvfMuD; apmOD; a&vHkwHcg;rsm; ydwf&ef jyefqif;oGm;onf/ xdktcsdefwGif uRefawmfu MudK;rJhaMu;eef; wyfom;tm; tac:cdkif;v dkuf\/

wyfom; cifarmifvwf rSm ol\ MudK;r JhaMu;eef; pufcef;jzpfaom yJhtdrfwGif;rSm ½S daeonf/

]a[h cifarmifvwf? Message Pad ( u^e yHkp H pm½Guf ) ,lcJh? 'gxuf raeYnu ydkYckdif;cJhwJh u^e ESpfapmif ydkY NyD;NyD r[kwfvm;}

]rydkY&ao;bl; pDtdk}

][if ....}

uRefawmfonf tvGef tHhtm;oifhvsuf tvGefvnf; pdwfqdk;oGm;ygonf/

]bmjzpfvdkY rydkYovJuG? rif; tJ'gydkYrNyD;&if rtdyfeJYvdkY ig aoaocsmcsm rSmxm;w,f r[kwfvm;}

olonf rnfodkYrQ tajzray;/ o l vIdif;rl;aeonfudk uRefawmf odygonf/ odkYaomf rnfodkYrQyif vIdif;rl;onfjzpfap? ( nu

vIdif;onfvnf; rjzpfpavmuf[k xifygonf ) wm0efudkawmh ausyGefpGm xrf;oifhonf[k uRefawmfxifonf/ ,ckrl uRefawmfh

xifjrifcsufonf ygpifatmif vGJcJhNyD jzpf\/ uRefawmfhyg;pyfrS z½kó0gpmawG woDMuD; xGufoGm;onf/

]oGm;? ? Message Pad ,lcJh? pufzGifh? ig udk,fwkdif ydk Yr,f}

cifarmifvwfonf owif;ydkY yHkpHpm½Guf,l&ef yJhtdr fwGif; jyef0ifoGm;onf/ AdkvfMuD;apmOD; jyef0ifvmum a&vHkwHcg;rsm;

ydwfxm;cJhNyDjzpfaMumif; ajymonf/ odkYaomf a&vHkwHcg;rsm; aumif;pGm pddwfcs&rnf rxifaMumif; ajym\/ a½SYydkif; OD;cef;wGif a&onf

&ifacgif;rQxd ½SdaeNyD jzpfaMumif;vnf; ajym\/ uRefawmf &yfae&m yJhpifxufrS Munhfvdkuf&mwGif oabFmOD;onf ,cifu

vIyf½Sm;rIrsdK;jzpfonfh jrif; ywyf&yfouJhodkY OD;axmifjcif;rsdK;udk vHk;0 rjyKawmhbJ OD;pdkufaeNyD jzpfaMumif; awGY&awmh\/

]uJ ... AdkvfapmOD;? yJhpifay:wuf? pufrMuD;udk a½SYvHk;0 rarmif;eJYawmh? Water-Tight Doors awGu b,favmuf

MumMumcHr,frodbl;? uRefawmf MessageydkYvkdufOD;r,f}

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uRefawmfonf oabFm twd'ku©a&mufcsdefwGif ydkYavh½Sdonfh Distress Signal ac: tufpf-tdk-tufpf S-O-S owif;ydkYvGifh&eftwGuf yJhtdrfwGif; puf½Sd&modkY 0ifvmcJhonf/ uRefawmf t&m½Sdrjzpfr Du qufoG,fa&;wyfwGif wyfMuyftqifhtxd

trIxrf;cJhzl;jzif;aMumifh t*Fvdyf MudK;rJ haMu;eef; ydkYonfh armhpf oauFwudk aumif;pGm wwfyg\/ xdkYaMumifh cifarmifvwftm;

rvTJawmhbJ udk,fwkdif ydkYvGifh&eftwGuf pufudk zGifhvdkufonf/ pufzGifhvdkufonf qdkvQifqkdcsif;yif puftwGif;rS rD;yef;rD;yGm; rD;cdk;rsm;

xGufvmum wpHkw&mudk avmifuRrf;onfh anSmfeYHrsm;yg ay:vmawmhonf/ aMu;eef;½dkufvufwH Morse Key udk udkifxm;onfh

uRefawmfh vufrsm;udk "mwfvdkufum aemufodkY vefoGm;awmhonf/

MudK;rJh aMu;eef;puf\ yifr vQyfppf"mwft;ay;pufrSm 110 'DpD jzpfjcif;aMumifhomvQif "mwfvdkufí raojcif; jzpfonf/ tar&duef

pufrsm;wGif vQyfppf Adk Ytm; 110 'DpDudkomvQif oHk;onf/ odkYaomf vQyfppf "mwftm;vTwfwdkif; qufoG,fxm;jcif;rSm rlvu twdkif;

r[kwfawmhbJ oabFm\ rD;tm;ay;vdkif;wdkYESif h qufoG,fxm;jcif; jzpfonfhtwGuf oabFmOD;ydkif; a&0ifonfqdkvQifyif

"mwftm;vdkif; 0g,mMudK;rsm; "mwfvdkufaejcif; jzpfonf/

uRefawmfu aemufwcsD toHvTifhpufudk xyfzGifh&ef MudK;pm;Munhf&m aemufwcsD "mwfvdkufum rD;cdk;rsm; tlxGufvmNyD; toHvTihfpuf

&yfqdkif;ysufpD; oGm;awmhonf/ uRefawmfwdkYwGif þpufrSwyg; ta&;ay: toHk;jyK&eftwGuf bufx&Djzifh oHk;onfh

MudK;rJhaMu;eef;puf ryg½Sd/ þpufomvQif uRefawmfwdkY XmecsKyfESifh qufoG,f&m? jyifyurÇmESifh qufoG,f&mwGif wckwnf;aom

tm;udk;&m jzpf\/ ,ck pufrSm ysufpD;oGm;cJhNy D jzpfonf/ pufaumif;pOfuvnf; owif; rydkYEdkifc Jh? owif;ydkY&ef ysufuGufcJhonf/

tenf;qHk;tm;jzifh n 8 em&D c&D;pOf owif;udk XmecsKyfrS &½SdcJhvQif uRefawmfwdkY oabFm rnfonfht&yfodkY OD;wnf

ckwfarmif;aeonf/ rnfonfhEIef;ESifh ckwfarmif;aevsuf rnfonfhae&mwGif a&muf½SdaeavmufNyDudk cefYrSef;Edkifrnf jzp fonf/

,ckaomf uRefawmfh oabFmonf &efukefqdyfurf;rS cGmonfwgif xGufcGmonfh taMumif;udkom odcJh&vsuf vrf;c&D;wGif rnfonfh

owif;ydkYcsufrS rjyKcJ h/ þonfrSm uRefawmfwdkY\ uHMur®mudk tqdk;qHk;jzpfaponfh uRefawmfwdkY\bufrS cRwf,Gif;csuf jzpfonf/

,ck tvGef tcsdef aemufuscgrS rnfonfhqufoG,frIudkrQ jyKí r&awmhrS uRefawmf od&awmhonf/

uRefawmfonf a'gojzpfvsuf 0dkif,mvufpufudk ausmcdkif;um yJhpifxuf jyefwufvmcJhonf/

]tajctae b,fvdkvJ AdkvfapmOD;}

]tajctaeu raumif;bl; pDtdk ? aemufcH&if em&D0uf wem&DavmufyJ cHr,f? pDtdk tufpftdktufpf y dkYEdkifcJ hao;ovm;}

AdkvfapOD;u arQmfvifhwMuD; ar;onf/

]ar;raeeJY AdkvfapmOD;? tufpftdktufpfvJ ryd kYEdkifbl;? nuvJ Message wapmifrS rydk YEdkifcJhbl;? pufvJ a½SmY(w) qmuwf jzpfvdkY

ysufoGm;NyD? a&pkyfpufyefY EId;vdkY &ovm;}

]r&bl; pDtdk ? vufeJY pkyfwJh csJvifhyefYeJY ( Challenge Pump ) eJYyJ pufcef;rSm pkwfxkwfae&w,f? pufcef;vJ a&awmfawmf

0ifaeNyDvdkY owif;ydkYw,f}

oabFm0rf;acgif;wGif;rS awmufavQmuf pD;0ifaom a&onf oabFm\ yJhbuf pufcef;wGif;odkY 0ifa&mufp jyKaeNyD jzpfonf/

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oabFmOD;rSm vHk;0jyefraxmifEdkifawmhbJ pdkufaeNyD/ &moDOwkrSm Munfvifvmonf jzpfjcif;a Mumifh armh(p)aumh(p) uRef;rsm;udk

rdk;ukyfpuf0dkif;wGif ndKYrIdif;rIdif; tkyfqdkif;pGm awGY&onf/ 15 rdkif? rdkif 20 rQomvQif a0;\/ uRefawmfh oabFmonf awmiftpGefqHk;

armh(p)aumh(p) uRef;MuD;\ taemufbufwnfhwnfh rdkif 20 rQ tuGmü 'ku© awGYMuHKae&jcif; jzp fonf/

]AdkvfapmOD;? yJhydkif; tajrmufudk ypfazmufAsm? aemufbufudk Adkvfoef;vGifudk Munhfcdkif; ( Distress Signal ) tazmufcdkif;}

yifv,fjyifwGif oabFmrsm; tEÅ&m,f awGYMuHKcJhaomf tultnDawmif;cHonfh enf;vrf;rsm;teuf aygufuGJapwwfonfh

vufeufwpHkw&mudk tcsufrSefrSef ypfazmufí tultnDawmif;cHjcif;rSm enf;vrf;wvrf;jzpfonf/ uRefawmfwdkY 0ef;usifwGif

oabFm wpif;rQ rawGY&aomfvnf; rdk;ukyfpuf0dkif; wzufrS toHMum;vdkMum;jim;? oabFm wpif;wav ½Sdvdk½Sdjim; ypfazmuf

cdkif;jcif; jzpf\/ cPMumaomf yJhbuf½Sd 40 rr bdkzm tajrmufoHonf jrnf[nf;vsuf xGufay: vmonf/ cPMumaomf ] xdkif;

xdkif; xdkif; xdkif; } [lí csufrSefnDpGm ypfazmufvsufvsuf ½Sd\/ ,rf;axmifh wuyfNyD; wuyfxnfhí ypfazmufaeMuonf/

xdktcsdefü oabFm OD;ydkif;wGif vlae&ef rqdkxm;? oGm;íyif r&onfaMumihf oabFm½Sd vltm;vHk;onf yJhpif\aemufbuf w0dkufESifh

yJhbuf tajrmufpif teD;wGifom wG,fuyfcdkuyfaeMu&onf/ avrSm twefjidrfoGm;Ny Djzpfaomfvnf; vIdif;vHk;rsm;rSm wvHk;NyD; wvHk;

t½Sdeft[kefjyif;pGm qifhuJ vmaeqJjzpfonf/

]AdkvfapmOD;? vlawGtm;vHk; toufu,f tusÐ 0wfxm;cdkif;Asm? aemufNyD; ( Abandon Ship ) ( oabFmpGefYcGmjcif; ) vkyf&&if toifh jzpfaeatmif toufu,fazmifawGudk zGifhxm;Asm}

AdkvfapmOD;onf toufu,f azmifrsm; zGifh&ef yJ hpifxufrS qif;oGm;onf/ uRefawmfwdkY oabFmay:wGif toufu,favS[lí

ryg½Sdacs/ oabFmrSm ao;i,fonfaMumifh toufu,favSwif&ef ae&mr½SdonfhtwGuf toufu,favStpm; a&mfbmjzifh

jyKvkyfxm;onfh toufu,fazmifrsm;udk xkwfay;xm;onf/ c&D;onfwif av,mOfrsm;wGif toHk;jyKonfh tvdktavsmuf

avoGif;jcif; jyKEdkifonfh a&mfbm toufu,fazmif trsdK;tpm; jzpfonf/ xdkazmifudk ywÅLpjzifh xkyfydk;xm;um ta&;MuHKrS

yifv,fwGif csí toHk; jyK&jcif; jzpfonf/ xdk toufu,fazmif rsdK; ESpfc k yg½Sd\/

uRefawmfu yJhpifxufrSaeumAdkvfapmOD; azmifzGifh&ef MudK;pm;aeonfh 0JbufyJhydkif; ukef;ywfqD Munfhaeonf/ oabFmrSm

aemufpufudkomvQif ckwfarmif;Edkifonf/ a½S YodkY rarmif;&J rarmif;0H h/ a&wdk;onfh t½S defESifh a&vHkwHcg;ESifh eH&Hrsm; Nyd Kusrnfudk

pkd;&onf/ ,ckyif a&onf pufcef;wGif;odkY pwif 0ifa&mufcJhNyD jzpfonf/ Ad kvfoef;vGifrSm yJhydkif; puftajrmuf azmufjcif;udk

MuD;MuyfaeqJ jzpf\/

oabFmepfawmhrnfrSm aocsmonf/ tcsdefyd kif;rQovQif usefawmhonf/ uRefawmf MuH½G,fonfrSm touf,f azmifESpfpif;udk

0JbufwGif wpif;? ,mbufwGif wpif; tqifoifh zGihfxm;vsuf vltrsm;url aemufqHk; tcsdeftxd oabFm ay:wGifaeMu&ef

jzpfonf/ yifv,f[lonfrSm rajymEdkif/ xdkYtwl oabFmepfjcif; [lonfrSmvnf;' twyf rajymEdkif/ yifv,fjyifonf wcPwGif;

vIdif;av jidrfoufoGm;vQifvnf; oGm;Edkifonf/ odkYqdkvQif wenf; wvrf;jzifh uRefawmfwdkY oabFmudk repfjrKyfap&ef

jyKaumif;jyKEdkifrnf/ xdkY jyif oabFmonf vHk;0 pHk;pHk;jrKy faomfrS jrKyfrnf/ oabFmwae&mwGif avcdkaejcif;aMumifh

&ufaygif;twefMum a&ay:wydkif;ay:í arsmaewwfonfh oabFrsm; taMumif;udk uRefawmf Mum;zl;em;0 ½S dcJhonf/ odkYjzpfc JhvQif

uRefawmfwdkYvlpkonf azmifay:wGifaeMuum azmifESpfpif;udk oabFmESifh wGJcsnfxm;jcif;tm;jzifh tjcm; oabFmrsm;u jrifEdkifcGifh?

touf½SifcGifh ydkrsm;rnf/ xdktMuHESifh azmifwpif;udk uRefawmfu 0Jbuf yJhydkif;wGif prf;oyf tzGifhc dkif;jzif; jzpfonf/

]prf;oyftzGifhcdkif;} [k qdkjcif;rSm þ toufu,f azmifrsdK;udk ,cifu uRefawmf toHk;rjyKcJhzl;onfomru jrifyif rjrifzl;cJ hacs/

uRefawmfom r[kwf? AdkvfapmOD;vnf; zGifhí rMunhfzl;ay/ olonf toufu,fazmifh zGifhonfh tnGef;udk azmif &pfywf

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xkyfxm;onfh ywÅLp ay:wGif zwf½INyD;aemuf azmifMudK;p ao;ao; wacsmif;udk ,lum oabFmvuf&ef;wdkifwGif &pfywf csnfaESmif

vdkkufonf/ xdkYaemuf teD;wGif½ Sdaom &Jabmfrsm;\ tultnDjzifh azmifxkyfudk ru yifv,fwGif;odkY ypfcsvdkufawmh\/

]zkef;} ceJ toH jrnfoH Mum;&NyD;onfhaemufwGif ]½ª;} [laom toH½SnfMuD; wrdepfcefY jrnfoH Mum;&NyD;onfhaemuf uRefawmfwdkY\

rsufpda½SYwGifyif vdar®mfa&mif½Sdonfh a&mfbmazmifwckonf yifv,fjyifxufwGif rsufvSnfhjyvdkufonfhtvm; yGihfum;

xGufay:vmawmhonf/ vdar®mf&if&ifhta&mif toufu,fazmif 0dkif;0dkif;uav;onf tjyma&mif½S donfh yifv,fjyif\

a'gormefxaeaom vIdif;vHk;rsm;Mum;wGif udk,fazmh 0yfpif;aeonfh iSufwaumif yrm ayghyg;pGm jrL;xl; upm;aeonf/

uRefawmfESifh AdkvfapmOD;wdkY &yfMunfhaepOf tcdkufwGifyif azmifzGif h&m teD;ywf0ef;usifwGif ½S donfh &Jabmfrsm;onf azmifwGif;odkY

ckefcsolu ckefcsí 'dkifAifxkd;csolu xdk;csMuawmhonf/ yJ htdrfwGif;rS Munfhaeonfh &Jabmf wcsdKYu ajy;xGufvmMuonfwGif

uRefawmfu yJhpifxufrS aeí ...

]a[haumifawG vmMu? rajy;MueJY? rqif;MueJY} [k vSrf;atmfonf/ toH rqHk;rDyif oHk;av;OD; ckefcsNy D;ESifh MuNyD jzpfonf/

]AdkvfapmOD;? b,folrS qif;apeJY? a[h ... rif;wdkYudk b,folu Abandon Shiptrde fYY;vdkY qif;wmvJ? igu

azmifzGifhMunfhcdkif;wmyJ ½Sdao;w,f}

uRefawmfu oabFm pGefYpGm&ef trdefYray;ygbJvsuf oabFmay:rS rqif;Mu&onfudk olwdkY od½SdMuNyD;om; jzpfonf/ odkYaomf udk,fh

ajcaxmufatmufwGif ½Sdaeonfu epfjrKyfaeonfh a&,mOf wpif;\ ukef;ywf/ yifv,fwGif jrif&onfu a&,mOfxuf

ydkípdwfcs&rnf xifaom toufu,fazmifwck/ olwdkY\ touf½SifaexdkifvdkrI todon f pnf;urf;udk arhavsmh oGm;apcJhonf/

aMumufpdwfu vGrf;rdk;aeonf/

]a[haumifawG jyefwufvmcJhMu? AdkvfapmOD; olwdkYudk oabFmay: jyefwufcdkif;}

uRefawmfonf rjzpfEdkifonfudk AdkvfapmOD;tm; cdki f;rdvsufom; jzpfaeawmh\/ vIdif;vHk;rsm;u toufu,fazmifuav;udk

iSufarG;yrm? azmhyrm aqmhupm;aeawmh\/ azmifhonf oabFm\ aemufbufwGif ½Sdaecdkuf vIdif;wvHk;u yifhwifvdkufonfESifh

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1956 ck/

Edk0ifbm 30 &uf/

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]aus;Zl;wifvdkufwm pDtdk&,f] [k oJhoJhrQ ajym\/ naeydkif; bk&m;½dScdk;jcif;udk ol OD;aqmifí r½GwfEdkifawmhyg/ tjcm; Ak'bmom0if

&Jabmffrsm; pkaygif; 0wfjyK ½GwfzwfMuonf/ olu &ifbwfay:wGif vuf,Sufum ½Sdcdk;onfh yHkom jyKvsuf rSde f;aeonf/

olYEIwfcrf;rsm;u ,Jh,Jhom vIyfvsuf vdkufqdk&ef MudK;pm;aeyHk &\/

wnvHk; avNidrfaeonf/

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1956 ck/

'DZifbm 2 &uf/

eHeuf vif;csdefwdkifNyDqdkvQif ta½SYqDodkYom arQmfMunfh&onf/ wdrfwdkufavvm;? uRef;avvm; cGJjcm;r&onfaMumifh cGJjcm;&onfh

tcsdefusrSom pdwfcs&onf/ rlvu olYudk wdrfwdkuf wck[k xifonf/ t½kPfusif;í tvif;vmonfESifh wjydKifeuf aocsmNyD/

ta½SYbufqDwGif uRef;pkrsm;udk awGY&onf/ uRef;MuD;wckvHk;u ajrmufbufususESifh awmifbufwGif uRef;tkyfpkrsm;u tpDt&D?

tuGmta0;rSm teD;qHk; uRef;ESif h 15 rdkifrQom ½S donf/ armh(p)aumh uRef;pkrsm;yifavm/ twyf rajymEdkifNyD/ uRefawmfh

azmif\wnfae&mudk rSef;q r&/ rnfodkYyifqdkap uRef;onf uRef;omjzpfí uRef;onf ukef;ajr? ukef;ajrxufwGif ajr½Sdonf/

a&½Sdonf/ vlae tdrfajc ½SdEdkifonf/ uRefawmfwdkY toufraoEdkifawmh/ tm;vHk; 0rf;omaysmf½TifaeMu\/ vlwdkif;\ rsufESmwGif

arQmfvifhcsufrsm;jzifh vef;vmonf/

uRefawmf cefYrSef;rd NyD/ uRefawmfwdkY\ azmifonf a&jyifxufwGif aygavm ay:aeonfhtcg avxk\wdkufzdtm;onf

a&pD;aMumif;\ qGJqm;xuf ydkrsm;onf/ ESpf&ufrQ qufvsuf avNidrfonfESifh wNydKifeuf uRefawmfwdkYazmifonf ta½SY

a&pD;aMumif;ESifh ygvmum uRef;pkurf;ajcrsm;ESifh eD;uyfvmjcif; jzpfonf/ uRefawmfwdkY avSmftm;u rnfodkYrQ rxda&muf/

a&pD;aMumif;u xda&mufonf/ avwdkufEIef;u xda&mufonf/ avNidrfvQif a&pD;aMumif;u ta½SYqDodkY qGJonf/ avwdkufvQif

avonf ta½SYt&yfrS wdkufcwfaeonf jzpfjcif;aMumifh uRefawmfwdkY azmifudk urf;ajcrS a0;apí yifv,fwGif; wGef;ydkYcJhonf/

a&onf uRefawmfwdkY&JY rdwfaqG/ avonf &efol/ ,ck avrwdkufonfrSm ESpf&ufESifh ESpfn ½SdNyD jzpfjcif;aMumifh urf;ajcuRef;pkESifh

jyefvnf eD;uyfvmjcif; jzpfonf/ &efol Nidr faeorQ uRefawmfwdkYtwGuf tcGif hom\/

uRefawmfwdkYavSmfonfrSm t&mra&muf[k qdkaomfvnf; ydkírQ jrefvdk jre fjim; MudK;pm;orIawmh jyK&ayOD;awmhrnf/ uRefawmfwdkYonf

aeraumif;í vSJaeMuolrsm;rS ty usef &Jabmf tm;vHk; wufum 0dkif;avSmfMuonf/ aAmuGif;jzifh qGJí ul;Muonf/ uRef;rsm;udk

xifxif½Sm;½Sm; jrifaeonfaMumifh u,fwifrnfh oabFmudkyfi odyf tm;rxm;Muawmh/ a½SYrSm uRef; ½Sdaeonfudk;/

uRef;a&muf&efom ta&;MuD;onf/

ae0ifoGm;onfhwdkif eHeufu tuGmta0;xuf ydkí eD;onf rxif&yg/ aomufa&rSm reuf ESpfbl;? nae ESpfbl; azmuf&jyefonf/

rnfodkYqdkap þa&pD;aMumif;twdkif;om qufvuf arsmaeygu uRef;wae&modkY qdkufa&mufrnfrSm aocsmvSonf/ odkYaomf n 10

em&DcefYwGif avonf ta½SYajrmufqDrS wdkufvmjyefawmhonf/ avxefonfESifhtwl vIdif;uyg xvmonf/ wnvHk; a&yufvdkuf

a&cyfxkwfvdkufjzifh tvkyfrsm;&jyefawmh\/ jyóemrSm vlrrmESifh ae&m jyóem/ þ jyóemonf tMuD;rm;qHk; jzpfvmawmhonf/

AdkvfapmOD;rSm rlvuwnf;u wwfEdkiforQ [efaqmif ae&aomfvnf; oludk,fwdkifu vlrrmrdkY MumMum [efraqmifEdkif½SmonfwGif

yufvufom ae&\/ yifv,fjyif a&mufumrS a&m*ga[mif;rsm; jyefxvmonfh vlrrmawG aemufxyfwdk;vmonfhtcg olwdkYtm;

ae&may;&ef rvG,fulawmhonfudk awGY&\/

urf;ajcodkY tjrefa&mufaomf a&mufygrS? u,fq,folESifh tjrefawGYaomf awGYygrS? vlrrmawGuawmh rvG,fawmhonfom/

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1956 ck/

'DZifbm 3 &uf/ nuwdkufonfh ta½SYajrmuf avonf uRefawmfwdkYtm; wenf; wvrf;tm;jzifhtuljyKcJhonf/ ,refaeYu awGYjrifcJh&onfh

uRef;rsm;onf ajrmufbufqDüa0;uGmpGm usef½SdaecJhNyD; uRefawmfwdkY\ ta½SYwnfhwnfhqDwGifrl {&mruRef;MuD; wuRef;ESifh

uRef;&Hrsm;/ tuGmta0;rSm ajcmufrdkifrQom½SdaMumif; cefYrSef;r donf/ raeYuxuf ydkeD; jcif;aMumifh 0rf;omtm;&½Sd Muonf/

onfaeYonf uRef;ay:a&mufrnfhaeY[k cdkifrmpGm ,Hk MunfMuonf/ vlwdkif;vlwdkif; uRef;MuD;udkxMunfhMuonf/ vlrrmrsm;udk xlaxmifay;í pdwf tiftm;twGuf uRef;udk Munfhaponf/

AdkvfapmOD;udkvnf; ESpfa,mufwGJxlumacgif;axmif ay;onf/ AdkvfapmOD;u uRef;udk oJuGJpGm rjrif/ olacgif;rl;onf[kajymí

uRefawmf ,ckrS owd&um ta&;ay: olemjyK aowÅmwGif;rS &½SdcJ honfh ½Iaq; ( Spirit of Ammonia ) zefacsmif;udk csdK;um

olYtm; ½ªaponfwGif ol twefi,f Munfvif vmyHk&onf/ ][kwfw,fpDtdk? 'DaeY naeqdk a&mrSmygyJ} [k olu EGrf;vsonfhMum;rS MudK;pm;tm;,lajymonf/ ½ªaq;udk AdkvfapmOD;tm; ½ªaprS

tjcm;vlrrmrsm;tm;½ªcdkif;ap&ef owd&onf/ vlrrm r[kwfonfh olrsm;uvnf;½ªvdkaomaMumifh oHk;awmifhudk a0rQ½ªap&m tm;vHk;

ukefoGm;onf/rpm;& raomuf&onfh twlwl teHYwckckudk ½ªvdkuf&vQif renf;NyD/teHYu vludk twefi,f vef;qef;aponf/ eHeuf10 em&DcefYwGif av,mOfysHoH Mum;&onf/ tm;vHk;onf qlnHpGmatmf[pfum av,mOfudk ½SmMuonf/ þav,mOfonf

uRefawmfwdkYtm;½Smonfhav,mOfyif jzpf&rnf[k tm;vHk;u odonf/ av,mOfudktcsufjy&ef twGuf r D;usnfrsm; uRefawmfu

toifhjyifxm;onf/av,mOfysHoHrSm wjznf;jznf; eD;vmonf/ ½kwfw&uf tm;vHk;uawGYvkdufMu&onf/ rSefajymif;ESifh Munhfonfh

Adkvfoef;vGifu]'gudkwm} av,mOf[k ajym\/ tjrifhay oHk;axmifausmfü awmifbufqDodkYOD;wnfysHoef;vmaeum

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taemufbufodkY csdK;rvmbJta½SYbufodkY csdK;um aysmufuG,foGm;awmhonf/

]'g wdkYudk½SmwJh av,mOfysHuG? aocsmw,f}

]wdkYudk½SmwJhav,mO fqdk jrifoGm;yHkr&bl;uG? wdkYudk ½Smwmqdk&if bmjzpfvdkYtaemufbuf yifv,fqD r½SmbJ ta½SYbuf urf;ajcqD

ysHoGm;&wmvJ}

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aumif;w,f? ck ysHwmu jrifhvdkufwmvGefyga&m? MuufawmifavmufyJ jrif&w,f}

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trsdK;rsdK;xifjrifcsuf ay;Muonf/ av,mOfu uRefawmfwdkYudk awGYjrif roGm;ayr,fhpdwf"mwfu vHk;0 rus/ a½SYwGif uRef; MuD;u

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aemufxyf rjrifawGYMu&awmhaomfvnf; pdwf"mwfurusMuao;yg/ naewGif uRef;MuD;onf oHk;rdkifrQom a0;awmhonf/

tm;awGuwufvmonf/ uRefawmfu rSefajymif;udk ,lMunhfvdkufonfwGifurf;pyfaomifjyifudk wazG;azG; ajy;wdkufaeonfh vIdif;vHk;

qifhuJ qifhuJrsm;udkyif aumif;pGm awGYjrif ae&onf/

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][m ... r[kwfwm AdkvfapmOD;uvJ? ck nqdk a&mufawmhrSmyJAs? cifAsm; rul;csifygeJY? tom em;aeyg} [k uRefawmfu ajymvdkkuf\/

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em;NyD;ul;&ifa&mufygw,f}

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wzef uRef;ay:odkYa&mufNyDqdkygpdkY/ wHigavS wpHkw&m awGYrnf[k rnfolu twyfajymEdkifygrnfenf;/ ½Gm wpHkw&m awGYrnf[kaum

twyfajymEdkifygrnfvm;/ NrdwfuRef;pkwGif qvHkrQyif r½Sdonfh uRef;trsm;MuD;½dSonf/ vlol r½S d/ aomufa&csKd r½S d/ awmcsnf; twd/

uJ... aumif;NyD? ½Gm odkYr[kwf wHigavS wpHkw&mawGYNyD xm;ygawmh/½Gmom;wdkYudk tultnD awmif;um yifv,fjyifwGif

½SmEdkifcJhygaomftoufu,fazmifudk rlv olYae&mwGif jyefawGYEdkifygrnfvm;/ azmifrSmausmufcsxm;onf azmifr[kwf/ arsmcsif&m

arsmaeonfh azmifwckom/

azmifr½SdawmhNyD? ½SmrawGYawmhNyDqdkvQif uRef;ay:a&mufolrsm; MuHK&mpufavS? wHigavS pD;í &efukef jyefMurnf/ jyefMuolrsm;wGif

uRefawmfyg0ifaecJhaomf

][m... AdkvfMuD;baomf qdkwJh vluawmhuGm pHygyJ? vlrrmeJY a&rul;wwfwJhvlawGudk azmifay:xm;cJhNyD; oleJY olY&Jabmfa&ul;wwfwJh

vlawGuxGufajy;vmMuw,f} [k uRefawmfhtm; jypfwifMuayawmhrnf/

wzefwHkuRefawmfu azmifay:wGif vlrrmrsm;ESifh ae&pfcJhum ]uJ Adkvfoef;vGif?cifAsm; &,f &JabmfoHk;a,muf&,f aAmuGif;

ESpfck,lNyD;ul;oGm;MuAsm? [kdus&if wHig½GmwdkY wHigavSwdkY½SmNyD; tultnDawmif;?usKyfwdkYudk vmac:vSnfh} [k qdkum Adkvfoef;vGifE Sifh

&Jabmfrsm;udkapvGwfvdkufonf xm;ygawmh/ Adkvfoef;vGifwdkYvlpkonf urf;ajcodkYvnf;ra&muf? a&wGif aysmufqHk;ukefcJhMuNyD;

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ig;ref;pm auR;ypfcJhw,f} [k uRefawmfhtm;tjypfqdkMuayOD;rnf/

tkyfcsKyfrI wm0efESifh qHk;jzwfcsuf ( Command Decision ) [lonfrSmþtcsdefrsdK;wGif tpOf;pm;& tcufqHk; jzpfonf/ ul;rvm;?

aervm;?olrsm;ul;cdkif;rvm;? udk,fwdkif ul;rvm;? enf;vrf;ESpfvrf;wGifMudKuf&m enf;vrf;udk a½G;/ aornfhvrf;ESifh raobJ

t½SufwuGJjzpf&rnfhvrf;[lí þESpfvrf;om ½Sd\/ uRefawmfonf t½Suf&aomrsufESmESifh vlrvkyfvdkNyD/ xdkYa Mumifh

rul;awmhNyD/Adkvfoef;vGiftm;vnf; raocsmbJESifh ao½GmodkY toGm;rcHEdkifyg/xdkYa Mumifh Adkvfoef;vGifESifh olY&JYabmfrsm;

rul;Muap&ef?wcsdefwnf;wGif ppfa&,mOfrª;vnf; olYwm0ef rNyD;qHk;ao;rD olYvlrrmrsm;½Sdaom azmifrS rcGm&ef

qHk;jzwfvdkufawmhonf/

]a[h... b,folrS rul;MueJYa[h? rif;wdkY ul;&ifvJ a&mufEdkifw,fqdkwmigodovdk igul;&ifvJ a&mufEdkifw,fqdkwm rif;wdkY odw,f?

[kduRef;ay:rSm tultnD &Edkif r&Edkif qdkwmu raocsmbl;? 'DrSmuvlrrmawGeJY a&rul;wwfwJh &JabmfawGudk xm;NyD; wdkY

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uRef;ay: a&muf&iftm;vHk; a&mufrSmyJ} þonfrSm uRefawmhf qHk;jzwfcsufESifhtrdefYomjzpf\/

]pDtdk rD;usnfypfyg? rD;usnfypfyg}

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wvHk;wnf;om usef½SdawmhaomavxD;rD;usnfudk uRefawmf roHk;pGJ&Jyg/ raocsmvQif roHk;onfrSmtaumif;qHk; jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh

vufusef ½Sdao;onfh rD;eDrD;usnf 6vHk;rQ tcsdefqGJí ypfazmufygonf/ &JabmftcsdKYurl atmf[pfvQifyif toHMum;Edkifavmufrnf

xifonfaMumifh

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toHemvmí qufratmfEdkifawmh/ urf;ajcudk vIdif;½dkufoHuw0kef;0kef; Mum;ae&onf/ urf;ajc axmufrdNyD xifjcif;aMumifh

qif;axmufMunfholu Munfhonf/

n8 em&DcefYwGif ESpf&ufcGJwdkif oabm aumif;aeonfh yifv,favonfta½SYt&yfqDrS wdkufvmawmh\/ wem&D xuf wem&D

avjyif;xefvmonf/ vIdif;vHk;u yd kMuD;vmonf/ wnvHk; vIdif;ESifh a&udkeyef;vHk;Mu&onf/ wnvHk; rnfolrQ tdyfMu&/

eHeufvif;onfwGif ..../

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1956 ck/

'DZifbmv 4 &uf/

eHeufvif;onfwGif ,refaeYu naeu oHk;rdkifrQom uGma0;awmhonfh uRef;MuD;rSm 10 rdkifcefY tuGmwGif a&mufaeawmhonf/

,refaeY naeu arQmfvifhcsufMuD;pGm xm;cJh&onfh uRef;MuD;u uRefawmfwdkYwawG\ tPÖ0gudk tefwk ,SOfNydKifr Itm;

jyuf&,fjyKonfhtvm; vSrf;Munfhaeonf xif&\/ uRefawmfonf uRef;MuD;udk Munfh&if; aMumufvmonf/ uRefawmfwdkYonf

wa,mufESifh wa,muf pum;rajymEdkifMubJ ta½SYqDrS uRef;MuD;qDodkYom ai;Munfh&if; tawG; udk,fpDESifh ½ SdaeMuonf/

pdwf"mwfusjcif;um; þwGif pavNyD/ tawG;vIdif;rsm;onf pdwf"mwf ausmufom;udk yGwfwdkufpm;p NyKNyD jzpfawmhonf/

&JabmfwdkY pdwf"mwfusonfudk ukpm;&ef taumif;qHk;rSm tvkyfjzpfonf/ xdkYa Mumihf uRefawmfu ,ckavNidrfoGm;NyD jzpfjcif;aMumifh

ta½SYqDodkY jyefavSmfjyeful;vQif a&mufEdkifaMumif; ajymaomfvnf; rnfolrQ pdwf0ifpm;yHk rjyMuawmh/ avSmfcwf cdkif;&mwGifvnf;

0wfauswrf;ausom avSmfMuawmhonf/ olwdkYud tjypf rwifEdkifyg/ uRef;urf;ajcESifh oHk;r dkifrQ eD;uyfNyD;r S wzef yifv,fjyifodkY

vGifhpOfarsmygonf [lonfrSm tcHpm;& tcufqHk;aom a0'em? þa0'emonf vlwdkif;\pdwfudk xdcdkufaprnfom jzpf\/

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azmif0rf;jyif ae&mtcsdKYwGif uyfwG,fp jyKaeNy D jzpfonfukd awGY&\/ c½kuav;rsm;rSm Murf;ydk; waumifrQavmufom ½Sdonf/

tcsdKYrSm Murf;ydk;xufyif ao;i,fao;onf/ uRefawmfu cGmMunfh&m wcsdKYygvmí wcsdKY a&wGif jyKwfusonf/ cGm&orQudk cGmum

pm;Munhfrdonf/ pm;í &onf/ xdkYaMumifh uRefawmfu pdrfajyeajy cGmpm;aeonf/ wcsdKY &Jabmfrsm;u uRefawmf cGmpm;aeonfudk

jrifjcif;aMumifh olwdkYvnf; vkduf½Sm cGmpm;Muonf/ pm;&onfu bmrQ r[kwfayr,fh &aohpdwfajz jyKaejcif;om/ Adkvfoef;vGifESifh

uRefawmfwdkYrSm a&wGifqif;í ul;Mu? qGJMuao;onf/ &Jabmfrsm;rSm pdwf"mwf usvGef;jcif;aMumifh a&wGifyif MumMum raeMuyJ

azmifay:wufum ab;ywf0ef;usifudk arQmfMunfhaeMuonf/ ,cktcgwGif uRef;a&muf½Sda&;onf rjzpfEdkifawmh/ oabFmwpif;rS

awGY½Sd u,fwifa&;onfvQif wckwnf;aom jzpfEdkifonfh enf;vrf; jzpfawmhonf/ uRefawmfh azmifonf avwdkufwkdif;

ta½SYav'Pfu taemuf yifv,fqDodkYom wGef;ydkYcHae&onf/ a&pD;aMumif;u avrvmvQif ta½SYqdodkY qGJonf/ odkYaomf

av'PfaMumifh taemuf yifv,f b*Fvm;atmfwGif;odkY vGifhcsifwdkif; vGifhapcJhvQif arQmfvifhcsuf ½Sdao;onf/ xdkarQmfvifhcsufrSm

ukefoG,fa&aMumif; oabFmrsm; oGm;vmwwfonfh vrf;aMumif; teD;wGif tcsdef MumEdkiforQ MumjrifhpGm aejcif;yif jzpf\/

taemufodkY arsmygaejcif;udk qefYusifEdkifonfh wckwnf;aom enf;vrf;ESifh tiftm;rSm a&xD;yif jzpf\/ uRefawmfonf a&xD;ukd

iHkYMunhfwdkif; a&xD;u ta½SYqDwGifyif pGifhum; yGif hvsuf ½Sdonfudk awGY&\/

xdkYaMumifh azmifay:wGif a&xD;aemufwck jyKvkyfEdkifonfh t0wfpudk ½SmazG&m wpHkwOD;\ befaumufvHkcsnfpdrf; wxnfudk

awGY&onfESifh MudK;ESifh odkif;í a&xD; ( a&½Guf ) jyKum a&wGif csxm;cJh\/ uRefawmfwdkY jyKvkyfaom a&xD;onfvnf;

rlva&xD;enf;wl azmifudk qGJaeaMumif; 0rf;ompGm awGY&onf/

uRefawmfwdkYwonf avSmfjcif;? qGJjcif; trItm;vHk;udk vufavQmh vkdufMuygawmhonf/ &JabmftcsdKYrSmrl avSmfwuf½SdaevQif

avSmfcdkif;rnf pdk;jcif;aMumifh avSmfwuf jyKvkyfonfh t&mrSeforQ vltvpfwGif a&ü ypfcsMuonf/ azmifay:wGifvnf; vlrrmrsm;

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ydkrdkrsm;jym;vmNyD jzpfonfhtwGuf toHk;r0ifonfh t&m? taetxdkif usOf;usyfapaom t&mrSeforQ a&wGif ypfcsxm;cJhMuonf/

a&ykvif; tcGHMuD;udk rnfonfhtcsdefu rnfol ypfcsxm;cJhonf rod&awmh? r½Sd NyD/

1956 ck/

'DZifbm 5 &uf/

eHeufvnf;onfwGif uRef;rSm ysysuav;rQom jrif&awmhonf/ toufu,f azmifonf taemufbuf b*Fvm;atmfqDodkY arsmygcJhNyD

jzpfonf/ azmifay:½Sd & Jabmfwpk\ cGeftm; pdwf"mwftm; wdkYonfvnf; 'l;qpftxd avsmhyg;oGm;cJhavNyD/ rnfolrQ

pum;rajymvdkawmh/ pum;ajym&onfrSm tvGeftm;pdkuf&í tvGefyifyef;um tvGeftm;ukefonfudk tm;r½SdwmhonfhtcgwGifrS

twdtus od&onf/ rif;wdkY ajym&wm armw,fuGm [laom toHk;rSm pum;t&momvQif r[kwfyg/

vlrrmrsm;onfvnf; tajctae qdk;vmonfxuf qdk;vmum vlrrm OD;a&vnf; wdk;vmcJhonf/

tcsdKYrSm usef;rmMuao;onfh tajctaewGifyif ½Sdaomfvnf; aeYcif;wGif yifv,fwGif; rqif;vdkMuawmh/ azmifay:wGifyif jzpfovdk

vJavsmif;í rSdef;aecsifMuonf/

uRefawmfonf xdkaeY eHeufu jrifuGif;wckay:wGif pdwfrcsKyfwnf;Edkifavmufatmif jzpfoGm;cJ honf/

]a[h ... armifjrifh? tJ'g bmvkyfwmvJ}

vlxGm;MuD; wyfom; armifjrifhon tpövmrfbmom0if &JabmfwOD;jzpf\/ olonf azmifay:wGifyif tpOfvdk aeum aeYcif; aea&mif

aumif;aumif;&onfwGif ol\ aygifwHMuD;udk azmiftjyifbufwGif xkwfum aygifay:wGif ai GpuúLtcsdKYudk aevSef;aeonf/ olYwGif

om;a&tdwfESifh aiGtcsdKY ygvmonf/ om;a&tdwfrSm a&pdkaejcif;aMumifh aiGrsm;r Smvnf; a&pdkaeNyD jzpfonf/ olonf eHeufESifh

aeYvnfwdkif; tcGifhoifhvQif oifhovdk olYwGif ygvmaom aiGpuúLrsm; ajcmufaoGY ap&ef aexkwfvSef;onf/ om;a&tdwfudk

aea&mifjyonf/

yxr&ufrsm;wGif uRefawmfu bmrS rajymcJh/ ]at;av olYaiGyJ? ol E SajrmvdkY aerSmaygh} [laom pdwfESifh vspfvsL½Ium aecJh\/

odkYaomf xdkaeY eHeufwGifrl uRefawmfhpdwfu tawmf tcsOfaygufvmNyD jzpfonf/

]aiGpuúL aevSef;wmyg pDtdk} olu bmrS rxl;jcm;onfh tvm; ajz½dk; ajzpOfom ajzonf/ uRefawmf ar;onfudkyif

em;rvnfonfhtvm; uRefawmfhtm; jyefMunfhonf/

]'DrSm rif; aiGpuúL ajcmufoGm;awmh b,frSm bm0,fpm;rvJ? aomufusdK;enf; 'DrSm vlawGjzifh b,fvdkae b,fvdkaoMurvJ rodbl;?

jyefodrf;xm;vdkuf? ig rMunfhcsifbl;? aemufwcg awGY&if rif;aiGpuúLa&m tdwfa&m ig vGifhypfrdvdrfhr,f Mum;vm;}

olonf ][kwfuJh [kwfuJh pDtd k} [k ajymum aiGpuúLrsm;udk uysmuoD olYaygifay:rS cGmum aiGtdwfwGif; jyefoGif;onf/

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olYaygifrSm npOf nquf tqdwfcHxm;&onfaMumifh oajyoD;rSnfha&mif tndKtrnf; tuGufMuD;rsm; xaeawmh\/ olY

aygifvHk;MuD;u rao;vSonfhtwGuf npOfvdkyif trsm;\ arwÅmudk cH,lxm;&aom aygifvHk;MuD; jzpfonf/

xdkaeY naewGif xl;xl;jcm;jcm; yifv,fuPef;waumifu azmifab;wGif ,ufuef ,ufuef ay:vmonf/

uPef;rSm udk,fxnfcsnf;yif vufzuf&nfyef;uefjym;0dkif;avmuf ½Sdonf/

uRefawmfwdkYonf uPef;udk tvG,fwulyif q,f,lNyD; azmifay:wGif wpdwf wydkif;pDjyKum uPef;vufr? ajcrsm;ESif h udk,fwdkYrS

&EdkiforQaom tom;wdkYudk a0iSpm;aomufvdkufMu\/

tpdrf;pm;onfh ae&mwGif uPef;onf pifa&mfxufawmh tnDoufomonfrdkY rqdk;vS[k qdk&ayrnf/

nae aomufa& a0onfh tcsdefwGif vufusef aomufa&bl; jyóemudk uRefawmf pOf;pm;&p jyKNyD jzpfonf/

,ck aomufa&a0onfh twdkif;tqwGif waeYvQif aomufa& av;bl; uefkonf/ eHeuf ESpfbl;? nae ESpfbl;/ þtcs dK;twdkif;

oHk;aeygu aemufxyf wywfpmrQom usef½Sdawmhonf/

uRefawmfwdkYteuf tusef;rmqHk;aom olyif wywf? tvGefqHk; q,f&ufrQom touf½SifcGifh &awmhrnf/ wywftwGif;

u,fq,frnfh a&,mOf wpHkw&mudk awGY½Sdonfhwdkif uRefawmfwdkYteufrS rusef;rmol vlrrmtrsm;rSm þrQxd cHMurnf r[kwf[k

uRefawmf wGufrdonf/

uRefawmfwdkYtm;vHk; toufr½SifEdkifcJ haomf ½SifEdki fol aexdkifcGifhudkom arQmfvifh&awmhrnf jzpf\/

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1956 ck/

'DZifbmv 6 &uf/ tvif;a&mifvmonfESifh arQmfvifhcsuf a&mifjcnfonf vHk;0 aysmufuG,f oGm;cJhavNyDjzpfonf/ ,refaeYu ysysuav;rQ

jrifae&aom uRef;rSm vHk;0aysmufuG,foGm;cJhavNyD/ odkYaomf uRefawmfonf &Jabmfrsm;pdwf"mwfrusap&eftwGuf ,cktcgwGif

urf;ajcuRef; ponfwdkYudkrjrif&awmhaomfvnf; toufu,fazmifonf ukefoG,fa&aMumif;oabFmMuD;rsm; &efukefESifh

pifumyloGm;&m vrf;aMumif;wGifa&mufaeNyDjzpfonfhtwGuf ,cifuxuf ydkí touf½Sif&ef tcGifhtvrf;rsm;aMumif; ajymjy&onf/

uRefawmf ajymonfudk ,Hkolvnf; ½Sdonf/r,Hkolvnf; ½Sdaumif; ½S drnf/ r,Hkolu ydkrsm;onf xif\/ odkYaomfolwdkYonf uRefawmfh

pum;ukd r,Hkonfhwdkif rnfodkYrQ a0zefajymqdkjcif;rjyKMu/ ,HkMunfol rsm;url uRefawmfhpum;ukd

0rf;omtm;&MudKqdkMuonf/wyfom;^puf vSaz? ausmfjrifh? vSjrif hESifh wyfom;^pm;cef;cifarmifwdkYu tMuGif;rJ h vufcH

,HkMunfMuonf/ jzpfEdkifonf rjzpfE dkifonftyxm; olwdkY acgif;aqmif ppfa&,mOfrª;\ pum;udk vufcH ,HkMunfonfomjzpf\/ ]awGYw,f r[kwfvm; igajymwm? wdkYraoygbl;vdkY? ck w&ufESpf&ufqdk oabFmMuD;awGeJY awGYrSm aocsmw,f} ausmfjrifhu ajymvdkufonfudk vSjrifhESifh cifarmifwkdYu axmufcHMuonf/ ][kwfw,fuG? ck Look out Duty uswJh vlawG aoaocsmcsm MunhfzdkYvdkw,f? oabFmMuD; wpif;pif;eJY awGYrSm aocsmw,f} olwdkYonfarQmfvifhcsufrsm; vHk;0 ravQmhMuao;aomfvnf; toHuawmh aysmhaysmhrQom½SdMuawmh\/ wa,mufESifh wa,muf

tjyif;txef tjiif;oefjcif;vnf; rjyKawmh/uRefawmfajymonfudk vHk;0vnf; pdwfr0ifpm;? rnfodkYrQvnf; yg0ifaqG;aEG;jcif;

rjyKMuonfrSm vlrrmrsm;ESifh wyfMuyfMuD; cifarmif0if;wdkYjzpfonf/ wyfMuyfMuD;cifarmif0if;rSm tom;jzLí twefMunhf½Iaumif;aomol wa,mufjzpf\/ olonft*Fvdyf jrefrm ujym;jzpfvsuf

olYemrnf&if;rSm t*D;aem ( Ageenor ) jzpfonf/olonf vl axmifaxmifarmif;armif; ½SdonfESifhtrQ p dwf"mwfu

EkvSonf/yifv,fa&wGif;odkY rnfonfhtcgrQ rqif;? azmifay:wGifom xdkifrIdifai;awG;vsuf ½Sdonf/

]a[h ... t*D;aem? a&xJqif;NyD; aeygvm;? vm 'DrSm ig½Sdw,f} uRefawmfu olYudk acsmharmhí a&xJ ac:onf/ ]aeygap pDtdk? uRefawmf 'Day:uyJ Look out *sLwD ,lyghr,f} ]rif; aeylavmifvSNyD uG? ukd,fxJrSm ½SdwJh a&awG cef;roGm;atmif a&xJrSm pdrfae&r,f} oltom;jzLonfrSm olYtwGuf tm;enf;csufjzpfonf/ olYrsufESmonfMunhfraumif;atmif aeavmifum tom;rsm; ajcmufí

tzwfvdkuf uGmpjyKaeNyDjzpfonf/ ta&jym; uGmonfhae&mrsm;rSm eDeD tuGufMuD;rsm; jzpfae\/ AdkvfMuD;apmOD;\ tajctaerSm txl; qdk;vmawmhonf/ ol\ 0rf;A dkufjyifonfausmufom;wrQ wif;rmaeum t½Sdefvnf;

ylavmifvS\/ 0rf;Ad kufESifhausmjyifrSm uyfí aeayNyD/ uRefawmfu rnfolYudkrQ qm;iefa& aomufcGifhjyKrxm;onfhMum;u ol

a&awmif;aeonfudk em;rcHEdkifonfhwyfMuyfarmifat;u qm;iefa& cdk;wkdufcJhonf/ vlrrm tm;r½Sd&onfhtxJ qm;iefa&

'PfaMumifh &ifrsm; ylavmifumatmhtefaeawmhonf/ 0rf;wGif tpm r½Sdonfh Mum;u yspfcRJcRJ t&nfrsm;taeESifh 0rf;avQm

jyefao;onf/ AdkvfapmOD;onf owdr&wcsuf &wcsufjzpfaeaomfvnf; owd&onfhtcsdefwdkif;wGif olYudk,fol t&m½Sd wOD;[lonfh

todu ½SdaeonfaMumifh ua,mufuwrf; atmf[pf nnf;nLjcif; rjyK/olYa&m*gudk ol MudwfrSdwf cHaeonf/ wyfom; ausmfausmfrSm

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olYavmuftajctae rqkd;vSao;aomfvnf; atmf[pf nnf;nLum vSdrfhaeawmh\/ vlrrmrsm;udkoufompGm aeEdkif&ef

ae&may;&onfh jyóemrSm waeYwjcm; vlrrmrsm;onfESifh ydkí MuD;rm;vmawmhonf/ oMum;vHk;ukefcJhNyD jzpfonf/ udk,fwGif oMum;"mwf ukefonfü pdwvnf;azmufvmonf/pdwfazmufonfwGif olYtm½kHwGif;ü

aMumufrufzG,f aumif;aom tqif;oP²mefrsm;onf o&Jvdk wapävdk bDvl;vdk ay:vm[ef ½Sd\/ ausmfausmfonfvSJae&mrS

uysmuoD ½kef;uefxum ]atmifr,fav;o&JMuD;As? o&JMuD; uRefawmfhudk qGJaeNyD? vkyfygOD;?vkyfMuygOD;} [k ua,mifuwrf; xonf/ olYtm; teD;½Sd vlrsm;u

twif;0dkif;csKyfxm;um vSJcs&onf/ yifv,fjyif ntarSmifxktwGif;wGifwpHkwOD;u wapäo&J jrifawGY&onf [lí

aMumufvefYwMum; atmf[pfoHonfwGif usefvlpk twGuf rnfrQ acsmufcsm;zG,f jzpfygoenf;/ xdkxufacsmufcsm;zG,faumif;aom jzpf&yfrSm nOfhtcg yifv,fjyifarSmifMuD;rnf;rnf;twGif;rS ]½ª;} ceJ ]½ª;} ceJ atmfjrnfoHMuD;

jzpfonf/yxraomf uRefawmfwdkYpD;aom azmifrS av aygufxGufoH xifum xdwfvefYwMum;jzpfoGm;onf/ azmifudk

prf;Munfhrdonf/ rnfodkYrQ rjzpf/ avavsmhonfrawGY&/ wzef ]½ª;} ceJ atmfjrnfoH ay:vmjyefonf/ azmifrS avxGufoHr[kwf/

yifv,fjyif tarSmifxk twGif;rS ouf½Sd owÅ0gwaumif\ touf ½ªxkwfavrIwfoHom jzpfonf/ þwGif uRefawmf odNyD/ þyifv,fjyif w0dkufwGif ,cif oGm;vmpOfu aeYtcgrsm;ü ( Porpoise ) ac:vif;½ª;zdkr a&jyifxuf

wufum aysmfjrL;upm;MuonfudkawGYjrifcJhzl;onf/ vif;½ª;armifESHonf azmifywf0ef;usif w0dkufwGif½Sdae&rnf[k uRefawmf

odvkdufonf/ vif;½ª;onftEÅ&m,fay;wwfonfh owÅ0g r[kw f/ ol ½Sdaejcif; jzifhyif ig;ref;rsm;teD;tyg; rvmawmh/ olY avrIwfoHudk

ig;ref;rsm; rcHEdkif/ ig;ref;onf olYavrIwfjcif;aMumifh jzpfay:onfh a&xkzdtm; ( Acoustic Pressure ) udkaMumufonf/ vif;½ª;

½Sd&m a'owGif ig;ref;rvm/ wenf;tm;jzifh vif;½ª;armifESH ½Sdaejcif;onf uRefawmfwdkYtm; ig;ref; ab;rS uif;a0;aponf/odkYaomf

aMumufwmuawmh aMumufonfyif jzpf\/

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1956 ck/

'DZifbmv 7 &uf/ urf;rjrifuRef;rjrifyifv,fjyifwGifom/ urf;ajcESifh þrQtuGmta0;wGifyifv,ful;oabFmMuD;rsm;udkom arQmfvifh

tm;xm;&mjzpf\/uRefawmfwdkYonf wkdufa&,mOf 110 udkaomfvnf;aumif;?uRefawmfwdkYtm;vkdufvH½Smrnhf tjcm; oabFmukd

aomfvnf;aumif; vHk;0arQmfvifhjcif;r½Sdawmh/ ½SmazGa&; tzGJYonf 7 &uf½SmazGNyD;onfhaemufvufavQmhawmhrnf[lí uRefawmf

twyfodonf/ aomufa&?aomufa&onfvQifta&;MuD;onf/ aomufa& acRwma&;omvQif t"dujzpf\/ arQmfvifhrxm;onfhMum;uaeYv,fwem&DcefYwGif aumif;uif,HxufrS av,mOfysHoH Mum;&onf/azmifay:½SdxEdkifol [lorQ\

rsufvHk;rsm;jzifh vkdufvH½SmazG&mtvGefjrifhaomtjrifhü ta½SYawmifqDodkY OD;wnfysHoef;aeonfhav,mOfwpif;udkawGY&onf/

þtjrifhrS aeí þrQao;i,faom azmifudkrnfonfhenf;ESifhrQrjrifawGYEdkifonfudk uRefawmf odygvsuftrsm;qEt&

rD;eDrD;usnfig;vHk;rQyif ypfazmufjyonf/ av,mOf vHk;0uG,faysmufoGm;awmhrStm;avsmhMum rD;usnfrsm;udk

ESajrmpdwfaygufvm\/uRefawmfwdkYtoufw&ufxuf w&uf quf½SnfEdkif&efrSmrD;usnfomvQif tm;udk;½Sd\/ aomufa&onf

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jyif;qJ? arG;MudKifqJyif ½Sdao;onf/

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azmifay:rS &Jabmfrsm; acgif;axmifMunfhMuonf/

]igh abmif;bDtdwfxJu &wmyguG? tzwfao;ao;av;yg}

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tu,fyifvQif tzwfrSm wcsuf 0g;onfESifh ukefayNyD/ teHYuom oif;vsuf usefcJhonf/

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]pDtdk ... pDtdk} uRefawmfu olYteD;wGifyif tpOf½S donf/ ]bmvJ AdkvfapmOD;? uRefawmf 'DrSm ½Sdw,fav} ]a& ... a& ... aomufa& wcGufavmuf ay;yg pDtdk&,f} þpum;udkuRefawmf Mum;&vdrfhrnfom[k wyftyfodonf/ þpum;onf uRefawmfrMum;csifqHk;pum;om jzpfonf/ uRefawmf

rnfodkYrQ rwwfEdkif/vdkufavsmcGifh rjyKEdkifaom t&mudk olu rcsdrqHh awmif;cHaeonf/oem;pzG,f awmif;cHonf/ aocgeD;

vlwa,muf\ aemufqHk; qEudkjznfhqnf;ay;EdkifvQif jznfhqnf; ay;vdkonfrSm Muifemaom &if½Sdonfhvlom;wdkif;\ pdwfjzpfonf/ wzef,ck awmif;cHaeonfrSmvnf; uRefawmf\ &if;ESD;aom rdwfaqG wOD;/uRefawmhfwGif olYudk jiif;qefEdkifonfh ESvHk;om;

r½Sdjcif;aMumifhem;udk ydwfxm;vsuf rMum;csifa,mif aqmifae½kHom ½Sdawmh\/rcsdwifuJESifhyif olYtm; rMum;csifa,mif jyKaecJhonf/

vspfvsL½Iae&onf/ oluvnf; a&udkom wpmpm awmif;ae\/

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uRefawmfpOf;pm;onfrSm AdkvfapmOD;onf aovl jzpfaeNyD/ uRefawmfwdkYtm;vHk;uolYtm; touf½SifapsifMuaomfvnf; olonf

aorif;wHcg;0odkYa&mufaeNyDjzpfonfh vlwa,muf/ ½Sm;yg;vSonhf aomufa&csdK wcGufudkrqdkxm;? wbl;vHk;udkyif

olwa,mufwnf; aomufonfhwkdif touf½SifEdkifrnfr[kwfawmh/ wdkufvQif ol wa,mufwnf; wdkufí udpö rNyD;/ tjcm;

vlrrm&Jabmfrsm;udkvnf; wdkuf&ayOD;rnf/ tcs def r[kwfbJESifhaomufa&bl;ESpfbl;udk tydkoufouf uRefawmf rjzKef;Edkifyg/

aoolawGaoMurnfom/ touf½SifEdkif&ef tcGif htvrf; usefao;olrsm;tzdkYþaomufa& ESpfbl;onf toufqufcGifh &rnfom

jzpf\/ command Responsibility tkyfcsKyfrItmPm [lonf &ufa&mpGm apwemxm;jcif; ESifh &ufpufpGm wdusjywfom;jcif;wdkY

yl;wGJvsuf olY ae&mESifhol oHk;&jcif;yifjzpfonf/ uRefawmfonfem;rcHEdkifomonfh tqHk;ü yifv,fwGif;rS qm;ief&nfwcGufudk vufvSrf;ícyfum olYtm; ay;vdkuf\/ wyfMuyf

armifat;u olY OD;acgif;udk az;rumolYtm; ay;wkdufonf/ olonf a&udk wusdKufaomufvkdufNyD;rS]qm;iefa&awGygAsm} [k

aemufqHk;aom pum;udk qdkum ab;odkY acGusoGm;vsuf apmif;iJhusoGm;onf/ xdkYaemuf rvIyfr,Sufawmh/ tm;vHk;onfolYtwGuf

0rf;enf;Muaomfvnf; b,forQ ridk/ bmudkrQ rqdk/ tvsifoGm;ESifholESifh aemufvdkuf&rnfholcsnf;om jzpfonf [laom tokb

ur®|mef;udkw'*FtwGif; xdk;xGif; xifjrifoGm;onf/ olonfoabFmysuf 'ku©onf &JabmfwpkwGif yxrOD;qHk;aom aoqHk;ol jzpfonf/olonf oabFmysufNyD; aemuf ½Spf&uf wdkifwkdif

udk,fcEmrusef;rmayrifh pdwf ZGJ E Sifh owÅdudk jyoGm;onfh t&m½S daumif; wOD;jzpfonf/ n11 em&DwGif ol\ cE©mudk,fudk a&wGif csaponf/ a&odkY rcsrDolY udk,fay:wGif 0wfqifxm;cJhonfh ukwftusÐudk

cRwf,lxm;cJhonf/ tusÐudkzsm;emolwOD; tay: vGrf;xm;&ef Nc HKay;&ef jzpfonf/ Ad kvfapmOD;aoNyD;onfh aemufwGif aemufxuf

qufvuf vkdufygMurnfholrsm; ½SdaeNyDjzpfonf/ olavvm;? udk,favvm; rod/ AdkvfMuD;apmOD;aoqHk;onfh nü avonf nOfheufonfwGif jyif;onfxufjyif;pGmwdkufcdkufcJhonf/ eHeufydkif;

rdk;pifpifvif;awmhrSavNidrfoGm;onf/ AdkvfMuD;apmOD;onf 'DZifbmv 9 &uf eHeuf qnf;qmudkjrifawGY roGm;cJh&awmhyg/

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1956 ck/

'DZifbmv 9 &uf/

vufusef aomufa&bl; tajctaerSm raumif;awmhNyD jzpfjcif;a Mumifh a&ay;a0csdefudk waeY ESpfMudrf ajymif;vJ owfrSwfum

aomufwbl;udk vl 17 a,muf a0iSrQaomuf&onf/ aomuf&onfh a&rSm vl wa,muftwGuf tvGefenf;yg;onf/ yufjcif

w0ufrQyif r½Sdwwf/ aMuG[if;csdK ZGef;MuD; wZGef;avmufom ½Sdrnf/ odkYaomf rwwfEdkifNyD/. tmqGwf½kHrQom aomufvsuf

arQmfvifhcsuf ESpfckudk apmifhMu&rnf/ arQmfvifhcsuf (wpf) rSm u,fwifol awGYrnfh&uf ESifh arQmfvifhcsuf (ESpf) rSm rdrd aoqHk;rnfh

&ufyif jzpf\/

eHeuf 8 em&DcefYwGif wyfom;ausmfausmf aoqHk;onf/ ausmfausmfudk uRefawmfu r&awmhNyD[k odNyD;om;/ olY tjyif uRefawmf vHk;0

rxifol wa,mufyg xdkaeYu xyfqHk;ao;\/ jzpfyHkrSm xl;qef;vSonf/ aMuuGJ 0rf;enf;zG,f aumif;vSonf/

aeYv,f 11 em&DavmufwGif taemufbuf rdk;ukyfpuf0dkif;cGifü {&mr yifv,ful; oabFmMuD; wpif;udk rarQmfvifhbJ 0rf;yef;wom

awGYjrifMu&\/ oabFmMuD;rSm awmifbufqDodkY OD;wnfckwfarmif;aeonf/ oabFmMuD;\ ukd,fxnf 0rf;jyif wckvHk;rSm

rdk;ukyfpuf0dkif; rsOf;\ atmufbuf ( Hull Down On The Horizon ) wGif ½Sdaejcif;aMumifh txufbuf½Sd ½Gufwkdif ESpfwdkifESifh

acgif;wdkifudk aumif;pGm jrifae&onf/ oabFm0rf;jyifudk rjrifomaom tuGmta0;ü jzpf\/

]oabFmMuD;? oabFmMuD;? [m eD;eD;av; ra0;vSbl; pDtdk}

xEdkifpGrf;½Sdol [lorQ xMunfhMuonf/

]Adkvfoef;vGif avxD; rD;usnf ay; AsdKY? jrefjrefay;? jrefjrefay;}

uRefawmfu tavmwMuD; atmfum ajymonf/ uRefawmfhwGif avxD; rD;usnf wckESifh rD;eDrD;usnf wcsdKYom usef½Sdaeonfudk

þae&mwGif toHk;cs&ayrnf/

]azmuf .... zHk;} toH ESpfckonfa½SYaemuf puúefY tenf;i,fjcm;um ay:vmNyD; avxD; rD;usnfonf xdefnD;pGmawmufavmifum

taemufbuf aumif;uif,HrS qif;usvmaeonf/ rdepf tenf;i,fMumaomf Nidrf;aooGm;awmh\/ ][m ... rD;usnf tjzLMuD; jrif&rSm r[kwfbl;? rD;usnf teD azmufyg pDtdk ? azmufyg pDtdk} ESpfqifhaygufrD;usnfteD ESpfvHk;onf qifhuJ jrnfuGJoGm;um txufbufodkY wufoGm;onf/aemufwvHk; quf azmufjyonf/

aemufwvHk; .... aemufwvHk;? aemufwvHk;/ uRefawmfhwGifvufusef rD;usnf wvHk;rQ r½Sdawmhonfhwdkif wvHk; rjrifaomf aemufwvHk;jrifEdk;jzifh ½SdorQ rD;usnf ajcmufvHk;udk

qufwkduf ypfvGwf azmufjyonf/rD;usnfvnf; vHk;0 ukefoGm;onfwGif oabFmMuD;vnf; jrifuGif;rS vHk;0uG,faysmuf

oGm;awmhonf/ þtcsdefonfpdwf"mwf tusqHk; tcs def jzpfawmh\/ þtcsdefonf uRefawmfwdkYtm;vHk;twGufurÇmysufokOf;onhf tcsdefyif

rnfawmhonf/ þtcsdefrSpí aemufydkif;tcsdefumv [lorQwGif uRefawmfudk,fwdkifyif rlv pdwf"mwf 'l;acgif;rSajcrsufpdxd

usoGm;onfjzpf&m uRefawmfh &Jabmfrsm;rSmtodkY½SdtHhrnfudk uRefawmf cefYrSef;rdonf/ uRefawmfonf rnfolYudkrQtm;ay;pum;

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rqdkxm;? bmpum;rQ rajymvdkawmh/ rnfolurQvnf; rnfolYtm;rQpum; rajymvdkawmh/ pdwf"mwfusjcif;onf

þtcsdefcgor,wGif qHk;cef;wdkifa&mufownf;/ uRefawmfwdkYudktjcm; oabFmrsm;u jrifEdkifrSom q,f,lcH&rnf/ uRefawmfwdkYudkjrifawGYEdkifap&ef twGuf wckwnf;aom

tm;xm;&mrSmrD;usnfrsm;omvQif jzpfonf/ rnfolYudkrQ uRefawmf zGifhrajymcJhaomfvnf;u,fwifrnfh oabFm wpif;wavESifh

uRefawmf awGYqHkvdkonfhtcsdefrSm naeae0ifcsdefrS eHeuf rdk;vif;csdef rwdkifrD twGif; tarSmifMuD;pdk;pO fumvwGifom

tawGYcsifqHk;jzpfonf/ ndydkif;wGif awGYqHk&efom uRefawmfusdwf qkawmif;cJh\/ okdYr Som rD;usnf ypfazmuf&jcif;

xda&mufrnfjzpfonf/ nwGif rD;usnfudk ta0;t&yfrS jrifEd kifonf/ aeYcif;xufjrifEdkifpGrf; aumif;onf/ ,ck oabFmMuD; wpif; 6

rdkifomolrQaomtuGmta0;wGif jzwfoef; oGm;vmcJhygvsuf aeYcif;csdefcgESifh vmíMuHKMudKufae&onf/ aeYcif;wGif rD;usnfonf

xda&mufoifhoavmufrxda&muf/ xdkYaMumifh uRefawmfh qE rjynfhcJh/ wzef,ck vuf½Sd tajctae? rD;usnf wvHk;rQ r½Sdawmhonfh tajctaewGif u,fwif½SifoabFmudk ntcgwGif vHk;0

rawGYvdkawmhyg/ oabFmMuD;udk rD;jy&eftwGufuRefawmfhwGif opfom;rD;jcpfqHrQ r½Sdjcif;aMumifh oabFmMuD;utoufu,fazmifudk

wnfhwnfh rwfrwfMuD; 0ifwdk;apumrl oabFmay:rS vlrsm;odMurnf r[kwfyg/ aeYcif;wGif awGYjrifrSom touf½SifcGifh

enf;vrf;½Sdawmhrnf/ teD;uyf jzwfoGm;rSomvQif jrifEdkifMurnf jzpf\/

vltm;vHk;onf pdwf ndS;i,fpGmESifhazmifay:wGif acGol acG? a&wGifpdrfol pdrf? toufu,faAm ay:wGifem;cdkolu cdkESifh Nidrfí

aeMuonf/ AdkvfMuD;apmOD;ESifhtvGef&if;ESD;onfh wyfMuyfarmifat;onf AdkvfMuD;apmOD;aoqHk;oGm;uwnf;u tvGef

pdwfxdcdkufoGm;yHk &onf/ rnfolYudkrQ pum;rajymawmh/ awGí acGíom ae\/ oabFmMuD;

aysmufuG,foGm;NyD;onfhaemufwGifolonf azmifxufrS qif;um toufu,faAm wckwGif wOD;wnf; oGm;wG,frSDaeonf/ol

wG,frSD&m toufu,faAmrSm azmifESifh ta0;qHk;wGif csnfaESmifxm;onfh aAmwGif jzpf\/ aAmrSm azmifESi fh ay 50 rQ

uGma0;onf/armifat;onf toufu,f aAmay:wGif wufxdkufum azmif½Sd&mbufodkYvSnfhNyD; ' Good-bye Captain ' [k

atmfaeonf/ ol atmfaeonfrSm t*Fvdyf uAsmwyk'frS tpydk'f jzpfonfudk uRefawmfodonf/ olYudkuRefawmf Munfhae&mrS olESifh uRefawmfwdkY azmif\ tuGmta0;onfcsnfxm;onfh MudK;\ t½Snfxuf ydkrdk uGma0;vmonfudk

uRefawmf owdjyKrdonf/ ]a[h ... armifat;? 'g bmvkyfwmvJ] ' Good-bye Captain ' oluvufa0SY,rf;jyum uAsm wydkif;wpukdyif qufqdk aeonf/ uRefawmfwdkYazmifay:½Sd vlrsm;u

aAmrsm; wGJcsnfxm;onfh MudK;\ wzufpudk qGJ,l&mtjcm;ESpfck ygvmaomfvnf; ol wufxdkifaeonfh aAmrSm ygrvmawmh/

olonfMudK;pudk wzufrSjzKwfum aAmudk ,lí xGufoGm;avNyD jzpfonf/ ]a[h ... armifat;? jyefvmcJh? ' Dudk jyeful;vmcJ} azmifay:½Sdvlrsm;u 0dkif;atmf ac:Muonf/ olurl ]*G'fbkdif uufywdef? rdkif uyfywdef][kom twGif atmfum vufudk

a0SY,rf;EIwfqufNyD; wpxufwp a0;oGm;um rMurDjrifuGif;rS aysmufuG,f oGm;awmhonf/ uRefawmfwdkYtm;vHk;onfolYaemufodkY a&ul;vdkufum olYudk ac:&ef rMudK;pm;cJ hMu/uRefawmfwdkYwGif þrQ cGeftm; r½Sd Muawmh/ olu

tomwMunfvkdufygvmcJhvQifawmfayao;onf/ odkYr[kwfbJ tausmuftuef owfykwfckcHyguuRefawmfwdkYudk,fpDwGif olYukd

zrf;qD; csKyfaESmif&ef tift;mr½SdMu/ vdkufq,fol aornfom rkcsjzpf\/ trSeftm;jzif h armifat;onfAdkvfMuD;apmOD;

aoqHk;uwnf;u pdwftvGef xdcdkufum pdwfaemuf oGm;cJhNyDjzpfonf/ olonf AdkvfMuD;apmOD;aemufodkY

olYenf;olY[efESifhvdkufoGm;jcif;om jzpf\/ uRefawmfwdkYudk qufvuf'ku©ray;bJvkdufoGm;jcif;yif olYudk aus;Zl;wif&OD;rnf

jzpfawmh\/ xdknwGif wyfMuyf atmifjri fh aoqHk;oGm;onf/ atmifjrifhrSm ar;½dk;rsm; aphonfhwdkif tzsm;wufum NidrfNidrfoufouf qHk;oGm;\/

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wyfMuyfatmifjrifhrSmrHk½GmwGif ppfa&,mOf ][oFm} ü uRefawmfESifh twl trIxrf;cJhMuonfh&Jabmf&if; wOD;jzpfjcif;aMumifh olYtwGuf

rsm;pGm pdwfraumif;jzpf&onf/ wyfMuyfatmifjrifh aoqHk;oGm;onfESifh rwlbJ ief;zrf;um ua,mif acsmufcsm;jzifhaoqHk;oGm;olrSm wyfom; armifjrifh jzpfonf/

wyfom; armifjrifhrSm tiftm;aumif;vSonfh twGuf olYudk xdef;& csKy f&onfrSm rvG,f/uRefawmfwdkYwGifvnf; olYudk Edkif&ef

cGeftm;u r½SdawmhNyD/armifjrifhonf olYukd,fol odonf/ olonf þawmifudk rausmfEdkifawmhNyDjzpfaMumif; olYudk,fol &dyfr d

od½Sdonf/ oloGm;awmhrnf/ odkYaomf ol wa,mufwnf; roGm;vdk/ uRefawmfwdkY tm;vHk;olESifh twl vkdufygapvdkonf/ olonf r[kwfonfh

ae&mwGif&Jabmfpdwf tjynfh½S dol jzpf\/ olESifh twl uRefawmfwdkY tm;vHk;vkdufygapcsifonf/ nwGifvufwckonf uRefawmfwdkY xdkifaeonfh atmufwGif vIyfpdvIyfpd jzpfaeonf/uRefawmhfatmufwGif vufusef a&bl;rsm;

½Sdonf/ aomufa&bl;udkwpHkwa,mufu ckd;,l&ef MuHjcif;avm[k xifrdonf/ r[kwf/ prf;aeonfhvufonf aomufa&bl;rsm;udk

rprf;bJ azmifatmuf Murf;jyif½Sd avxkwfonfhbm;udk prf;í vSnfhzGifh&ef MudK;pm;aeaMumif; txdwf wvefYod&onfwGif ]a[h ... bmvkyfwmvJ? 'g b,folvJ} [k qdkum vufudk zrf;qGJvkduf\/ vufudk rzrf;qGJrdaomfvnf; qwfceJ vuf½kyfvdkufolrSm uRefawmfh 0JbufwGif vJaeonfh vlrrm wyfom; armifjrifh jzpfaeonfudk

od&onf/ ]a[h ... armifjrifh? 'g bmvkyfwmvJ? tm;vHk; aoukefMuvdrhfr,f} uRefawmfuajymaomfvnf; olu bmrQ rajym? pl;pl;0g;0g;om ua,mifuwrf; atmfaeonf/olonf olYpdwfESifh oludk,f

r[kwfawmhNyD/ ol bmvkyfonfudk odcsifrSodrnf/ olodonfrSm ol rae&awmhNyD/ olY a0'emudk jyif;jypGm qufírcHvdkawmh/

xdkenf;wl olYt&m½SdEsif h &Jabmfrsm;ukdvnf;rcHpm;apcsifonfh apwem jzpfonf/ odkYaomf avmuwGif rsm;pgmaomtrSm;wdkYudk

taumif;qHk;aom apwemjzifhvnf; usL;vGefwwfMuao;udk olrod/tjrefqHk;aom xGufvrf; jzwfvrf;udk ol½Smjcif; jzpf\j/

olonf wem&DomomcefY Nidr foufoGm;\/ xdkYaemuf qufMudK;pm; jyefao;\/ onfwcsDwGifrStoifhjyifxm;aom uRefawmfu olY

vufudk vufEdSyf"mwfrD;jzifh wtm;½d kufcsypfvkdufonf/ vufESdyf"mwfrD;rSm rD;tjzpf toHk;r0ifvSaomfvnf;vuf½dkufwkwfrD;

tjzpfESifh toHk;usvSonf/ ]rif; aemufwcg xyfvkyf&if a&xJ uefcsr,f} uRefawmfuowday; Ncdrf;ajcmufaomfvnf; olrMum;NyD/ ol bmrQ rodNy Dom jzpfawmh\/xdkaeYnfESifh aemufwaeYtul; eHeuf

oHk;em&DcefYwGif ol qHk;oGm;onf/olY tavmif;udk a&rSm csap\/ aemuf waeY rd k;vif;onfwGif nutjzpftysufonf

tdyfrufqkd;MuD; wckyrm vlwdkif;\ pdwfwGif taESmif ht,SufjzpfaeMuonf/

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1956 ck/

'DZifbmv 10 &uf/

nu oabFmwpif;\ aemufydkif;rD;udk ajrmufbufqDü a0;uGmvSao t&yfwGif jrif&ao;onf/ vufESdyf"mwfrD;ESifh tufpftdktufpf

jy&ef MudK;pm;ao;aomfvnf; vufESdyf"mwfrD;rSm ryGifhwcsuf yGifhwcsufESifh y GifhjyefvQifvnf; ydk;pkef; MuL; rD;rQyif rvif;onfh

eDMuifhMuihf ta&mifom azsmh,d,d jrif&onfrdkY taMumif; rxl;yg/ þodkY rrD wrD rnfodkYrQ rqufoG,fEdkifaom tajcwGif oabFmrD;

wpHkw&m jrif&jcif;rSm pdwfwufMuGaponf r[kwf/ pdwf"mwfudk ydkausap&ef eif;ajconfESifh wlvSawmhonf/

vlwOD; wa,muf aoqHk;onfhtcgwdkif; uRefawmfwdkYwGif 'dG[ pdwfrsm; jzpfMu&onf/ wckaom pdwfrSm aoqHk;ol twGuf

0rf;enf;aMuuGJ pdwfESifh aemuf p dwfwckrSm vlaoí a&csvkdufvQif azmifay:wGif ae&mus,f0ef;vmonf jzpfjcif;a Mumifh

vlwae&mtwGuf 0rf;ompdwfwdkY twl ,SOfwGjvsuf jzpfonf/ vlrqefonf[k qdkcsif qdkapawmh/ uRefawmfwdkY udk,fpDwGif

urÇmrD;avmif om;aumif cseif;onfh ADZpdwf? udk,frcsdaomf trdaomfvnf; om;awmfcJ [lonfh t½dki f;pdwfrsm; 0ifvmMuNyD

jzpfonf/

yifv,fwGif; udk;&uf ausmfvGefvmonfh aemufydkif;wGif uRefawmfwdkY\pdwfrsm;onf rnfolrQ rlrrSefMuawmhyg/ udk,hfudk,fudk,f

wm0efcH&efyif cufaeNyD jzpfonf/ uRefawmfwGufMunfhrdonf/ azmifay:wGif usef½S daeMuao;onfh &JabmfwpkwGif Adkvfoef;vGifrS

vGJvQif uRefawmfhusef;rma&;rSm taumif;qHk;tajctaewGif ½S dao;onf/ uRefawmfonf þtajctaetwdkif; qdkaomf aemufxyf

av;ig;&uf cHEdkifonf/ rvIyfEdkifaomfvnf; raoEdkifao;/

yifv,fjyifwGif 15 &ufwmrQ umv txdawmh uRefawmf toufrao ½SdaeOD;rnf jzpfonf/ 15 &ufu ausmfvQifrl

uRefawmfhtwGuf arQmfvifhcsuf r½Sdawmh/ uRefawmf a&epf ao&rnfudk tvGef aMumufonf/ xdkYaMumifh rnfolY tm;rQ rajymbJ

MudK;wacsmif;udk uRefawmf xdkifae&m atmufwGif toifhxm;onf/ r&awmhbl; [k udk,fhudk,fudk,fxifvQif ntarSmifwGif

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ajymaecsdef r&awmh/ vufpGJawmf vufESdyf"mwfrD;jzifhatmifjrifh\ vufudk wtm; ½dkufcsvdkuf&awmhonf/

atmifjrifhonfemusifpGmjzifh ]tm;} [k atmfum MudK;pu dk a,mif,rf;í vGwfvdkufawmh\/toufu,f azmifonf xdktcgusrSyif

oabFmMuD;\ ,ufr yefumrsm;rSa0;&mqDodkY xGufoGm;awmhonf/ ]aoMuawmhrvdkY enf;enf;yJ vdkawmhw,f} [k uRefawmf ajymvkduf\/ atmifjrifhvufrSmcsufcsif; zl;a&mifxvmonf/ olonf ½IHYrJh ½IHYrJ h jzpfaeonf/oabFmMuD;onf uRefawmfwdkYudk vGefí twefa0;pGm

xGufoGm;onf/

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]oabFmMuD;uawGYNyD;rSawmh wdkYudk ypfNyD; xGufroGm;ygbl;uG? olY t½SdefudkawmfawmfeJY owfvdkY&wmrS r[kwfwm? ck

jyefauGYvmvdrfhr,f? Munfhae} uRefawmfajymovdkyif oabFmonf twefa0;aom ae&mü jyefvSnfh&efMudK;pm;aeonfudk jrif&rS olwdkYtm;vHk;

NyHK;Edkif&,fEdkifjzpfvmMuonf/ ]'DrSmtm;vHk; em;axmif? oabFmay:rSm tpma&pm tm;vHk;½ Sdw,f? 00vifvifpm;&awmhr,f? wdkY raoawmhbl;qdkwm

pdwfomcsMuawmh? oabFmudk igtvsifqHk; wufoGm;r,f? vlrrmawGudk xrf;pifeJY wifzdkY igpDpOfr,f?rif;wdkYu vlrrmawGudk

wa,mufNyD; wa,muf wifay;? tm;vHk; ukefpifwifNyD;wJhtxd Adkvfoef;vGifu MuD;Muyf wm0ef,l? [kwfvm;} ][kwfuJh ... pDtdk}

þwGif oabFmay: wufa&;rSm jyóemw&yfjzpfvmonf/ oabFmepfpOfu toufu,f azmifay:odkY uRefawmfonfwm0efuscsdefu

0wfqif xm;onfh a½Tbm;wyf *smuif tusÐteufudk 0wfumatmufydkif;wGif abmif;bDwdk tNzLwxnfudk 0wfqif

xm;onhftwdkif;qif;vmcJhonf/ tay:tusÐwGif &mxl;tqifh a½Tbm;ESifh tacGonf txif;om;wyfqifxm;vsuf ½Sdao;\/

abmif;bDrSmrl azmifay:wGifaepOfacgif;aeylonfaMumifh cg;rScRwfum a&qGwfvsuf acgif;ay: wifxm;cJhonf/waeYvHk;

acgif;aqmif;tjzpf oHk;cJh\/ wnwGif b,ftcsdef a&wGifusoGm;onf rod/ a&wGif usum aysmufqHk;oGm;cJhonf/

ig;&ufajrmufnwGifvm; ajcmuf&ufajrmuf nwGifvm; rrSwfrdawmh/ ,ck oabFmay:wuf&rnfqdkaomtcg uRefawmfhrSm

ycHk;ay:wGif a½Tbm;wyf *smuif tusÐrSwyg; atmufydkif;wGif a½Tbm;ESifh udk,fatmufydkif;wGif (uefawmhyg&JY ) a½Tyef;E Sifh?

aygufonfh ezl;uawmh rxl;awmhNyD/tDpefrm½l; oabFmMuD;u wywfauGYí jznf;jznf;uav; 0ifvmaeNyD jzpfonf/olonf 0Jbuf

OD; tom ay;í 0ifvmaejcif;taMumif;&if;udk uRefawmf awGYvdkuf&onf/ 0Jbufab;wGif oabFmwufavSum;MuD;

csxm;jcif;aMumifh jzpf\/ omreftm;jzifh þavSum;MuD;onfyifv,fc&D;wGif oabFmay:wifxm;onf/ *syef

oabFmom;rsm;rSmvnf; oabFmwpif;vHk; ysm;yef;cyfrQ tvkyf ½Iyf Muawmh\/

uRefawmfu &Jabmfrsm;tm; aemufqHk; trdefY taejzifh ...

]uJ... tck ig oabFmay: pwufr,f? oabFmay:a&muf&if a& &r,f?tpm;taomuf&r,f? avmb wMuD; tief;r&eJY

EGm;iwfa&usa&raomufMueJY? *syefawG txif ao;oGm;r,f? bmrS rjzpfovdk ypfuepfaysmfyGJpm; xGufvmcJhovdk at;at;aq;aq;

a&aomufMu? £aNErysufapeJY[kwfvm;}

*syefoabFmrS'kwd,tcsD ypfay;aom MudK;ESifh qGJ,lonfwGif uRefawmfwdkY azmifonfavSum;qDokdY wjznf;jznf; uyf0ifvm\/ *syef

oabFmukef;ywf xufrSuifr&mrsm;ESifh "mwfyHk ½dkuf,laeonfudk awGY&\/oabFmavSum;&if;odkY azmifuyf0ifrdonfwGif

*syefoabFmom;ESpfOD;onfavSum;xdyfrS avSum; ajc&if;odkY ajy;qif;vmMuonf/ ajy;qif; vmMuNyD;aemuf uRefawmfhudk OD;pGm

wGJ,lwif&ef vufudk vSrf;ay;Muonf/

olwdkYqGJwif&onfqdkvQif &mZ0if ½kdif;awmhrnf/ a½Tbdkom;?tavmif;bk&m; OD;atmifaZ,s\ aoG;u &mZ0if½dkif;awmh

rcHEdkif/uRefawmfu vufumjyí trlt&mESifh aemufodkY qkwfcdkif;vkduf&molwdkY aMumiftrf;trf; jzpfum wHk Yqdkif;vsuf

&yfaeMu\/uRefawmfucyfwnfwnfyif atmufydkif; Avmusif;aom udk,fcEmjzifh oabFm avSum;xufvSrf;wufvdkufonf/

nmajcESifh vSrf;í b,fajcudk azmifay:rS½kwfvdkufonfwGif uRefawmfonf t½kyfMudK; jywf jzpfum acGceJ

oabFmavSum;xpfrsm;ay:wGif yHkvsuf usoGm;onf/ vuf&ef;MudK;rsm;udk udkifí xyfrHrwfwyf&yf&ef MudK;pm;onfwGif uRefawmfhwGif

ajcaxmufESpfacsmif;pvHk; r½SdawmhNyD[k c Hpm;od&onf/ uRefawmfhajcaxmufrsm;udk uRefawmf aumif;pGm jrifae&\/ odk Yaomf

cHpm;rIum;vHk;0r½SdNyD/ ajcz0g;rStp wavQmufvHk; xHkí aoaeawmhonf/

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uReffawmhftjzpfudk*syef oabFmom;rsm; jrif&onfESifh bmrQ qufrajymawmhbJ ESpfa,mufom;uRefawmfhudk wzufwcsufpD csdKif;rS

wGJum wHaumufauG;rS r,lNyD; oabFmay:wifoGm;awmhonf/ ol&Jaumif;MuD; [ef rvkyfEdkifawmhNyD/oabFmukef;ywfay:

pdwfcs&aom ae&m a&mufrS uRefawmfhudk csMu\/

uRefawmfonfoabFm eH&Habmifudk vufESifh az;xm;NyD; rwfwyf&yfvkdufonf/uRefawmfh ajcz0g;rsm;onf oabFm ukef;ywfwGif

eif;xm;onfudkjrifae&aomfvnf; rnfodkYrQ rcHpm;&/ twefMumrS ylceJ usOfceJjzpfoGm;um aoG;avQmufvmonfudk cHpm;&\/

ajcz0g;ESifh oabFmukef;ywfcdkifNrJpGm xdaeonfudk od&awmh\/

ukef;ywf avSum;xufwGifrsufrSefESifh tbdk;tkdwOD; &yfaeonf/ olY ab;ywf0ef;usifwGifoabFmt&m½SdESifh wlolrsm; 0dkif;um

uRefawmhfudk qD;MudKaeMuonf/tDpefrm½l; oabFm\ rmvdefrª; uyÜDwef ( K-yosida ) au-,dk½Sd'g; jzpfaMumif; aemufwGif od&\/

uRefawmfu ... 'Thanksyou very much for saving our lives Captain. I've some sick-men on theraft. Please send down some stretchers to carry them.' ]uRefawmfw dkYtoufudk u,fwJhtwGuf trsm;MuD;aus;Zl;wifygw,f uyÜDwef? uRefawmfhazmifay:rSm vlrrmawG ½Sdaeygw,f? olwdkYudk

u,fwifzdkY vlemwifxrf;pifawGcso,fay;yg} [k ajymvdkuf\/ uyÜDwef ,dk½Sd'g;onf t&m½Sd cyf00 wa,mufwa,muf\rsufESmudk

vSrf;Munfhvkdufonf/ cyf00 t&m½S drSm ol\ vufaxmufyxr t&m½Sd jzpfonf/ uyÜDwef ,dk½S d'g;u t*Fvdyfpum;

aumif;pGmrajymwwf/ yxr t&m½Sdu tweftoifh ajymwwfjcif;aMumifh olu wqifhbmomjyefajym&onf/ olwdkYu olwdkYwGif

vlemwif xrf;pifr½Sdjcif;aMumifh uRefawmhfudk u,fwifouJhodkY vlESifhyifo,fwifrnfjzpfaMumif; ajymjy\/ uRefawmfwdkY

pum;ajymaeMupOfyif uRefawmf\&Jabmfrsm;udk wOD;NyD; wOD; o,f,lwifaeonfudk awGY&\/oabFmukef;ywf½Sd yJhyk dif;ukefavSmifcef;

opfom;tzHk;rsm;ay:wGifvSJcsxm;onf/ uRefawmfu oabFm vuf&ef;udk rSDum atmufbufazmifqDodkYiHkMunfhNyD; uRefawmfhvlrsm;

aphraph a&wGufMunfhaeonf/Adkvfav;oef;vGif aemufqHk;rS wufvmonf/ vltm;vHk; oabFmay:a&mufNyD;aeNyD jzpfonf/

uRefawmfyg 11 a,muf/ uRefawmhfaemufausmbufqDrS ½kwf½kwfoJoJ Mum;&onf/ vSnfhMunfhvkdufonfwGif*syef oabFmom; wOD;onf opfom;pnfjywf

wckudk udkifum uRefawmfh&Jabmfrsm;tm; vSnfhywfajy;aejcif;udk awGY&\/ olYtm;vnf; tjcm;oabFmom;rsm;u *syefvdk

vSrf;atmfajymMuonf/ olonf cyfvSrf;vSrf;rS aeumopfom; a&rIwfwvufjzifh uRefawmfh &Jabmfrsm;udk vSrf;ay;ae\/jzpf&yfrSm

uRefawmfh &Jabmfrsm;onf tirf;r&a&pnfydkif;jywfudk wdk;a0SYaomufaejcif;aMumifh ol vefYí0dkif;MuD;ywfywfvnfum ajy;aejcif;

jzpfonf/ ]a[haumifawGig ajymxm;om;yJ? rif;wdkY raoygbl;qdkrS jznf;jznf;aomufMuyg? [kd *syefvefYNyD; vSnfhywfajy;aewmuG? rif;wdkYudk

rwdkufcsifvdkY r[kwfbl;} uRefawmfu a'gojzifh atmfvdkufonfwGifrS tm;vHk; £aNE&oGm;Muonf/ yxr t&m½Sdu bmjzpfonfudk odcsifí uRefawmfhtm;

'What happen, What happen' [k uRefawmfhudk ar;aeonf/ uRefawmfu yxr t&m½Sdtm; t*Fvdyfbmomjzifh ... ]uRefawmfhudk a&wcGufavmuf aus;Zl;jyKygOD;} [k awmif;&onf/ t&m½Sdvnf; owd&um Yes, Yes, Yes [kqdkNyD;oabFmom;rsm;qDodkY vSrf;atmfvdkuf&m zefcGufwckESifh tjynfhaomufa& ,lvmay;onf/ uRefawmfu aomufa&udk

twefMum tcsdef,líaomufvkdufonfwGifrS vlrSm vef;qef; tm;jynfhvmonf/ a&wcGuf\ wefcdk; owÅdonf MuD;vSygay\/ NyD;rS uyÜDwef au,dk½Sd'g; bufodkY vSnfhum tav;jyKvkdufNyD; .... ]uRefawmfwdkYa&wyfoabFmwpif;u t&m½SdeJY &JabmfawGyg? uRefawmfwdkYoabFm[m rkefwdkif;rdNyD; Edk0ifbmv 29 &ufaeYu ysufqD;

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epfjrKyfoGm;cJhygw,f? 'Dtem;w0dkufrSm tjcm; azmif wpif;eJY uRefawmfhvludk;a,muf ½SdEdkifygao;w,f? tJ'gudk ulnD

½Smay;apvdkygw,f} [kowif;ydkYvkdufonf/ yxr t&m½Sdu bmomjyefajym\/ uyÜDwefau,dk½Sd'g;u olYwGif qvkdufrD;rsm; ryg½Sdyg/ ,ckvnf; tcsdeftwefvifhNyDjzpfjcif;aMumifh ½SmazG q,f,l&ef tcsdef

r&awmhyg/ uRefawmfwdkYazmifudk q,f,l&½Sdonfh ae&m\ vufwDusKESifh avmif*sDusK udkowif;ydkYay;rnf/ &efukefodkY taMumif;Mum;

ay;rnf[k qdkonf/xdkYaemuf olu uRefawmfwdkY\ azmifudk oabFmay:wGif wifaqmif,lvmvdkygao;ovm; [k ar;jref;&m

uRefawmfu ,lvdkaMumif; ajymonfESifh0efcsDpufrsm;jzifh wif,lapcJhonf/ uRefawmfhazmif oabFmay:a&mufonfwGif aea&mifonf

vHk;0aysmufuG,fum tarSmifxkonfyifv,fjyifwGif oufqif;usa&mufvmNyD jzpfawmhownf;/

………………………………………………….

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7/

tDpefrm½l;/

( &efukef-pifumyl c&D;pOf )/

tDpefrm½l; oabFmonf ta½SYzsm; c&D;pOfwGif umvuwÅm;rS &efukefodkYtvmü vrf;c&D;wGif aMu;eef; owif; wck zrf;rd &½Sdonf/ ¤if;rSm wyfrawmfa&wyfrS uif;vSnfh a&,mOfwpif; jrefrmhyifv,fjyifwGif aysmufqHk;aeonfhtwGuf

,if;yifv,fjyif w0dkufwGif oGm;vmaeMuonfh ukef oabFmrsm;u owdjyK ½SmazGay;&ef jzpfonf/

xdkowif;udk &onfwGif olwdkYonf jrefrmh a&jyifydkifeuf 0ifonfESifh owdjyK Munfh½IcJhonf/ &efukefa&mufonftxd bmrQ rawGY/

&efukef qdyfurf;0ifNyD; qefwifMuonf/

qefwifNyD;aemuf &efukefrS pifumylodkY c&D;qufcJhMu\/ tDpefrm½l; oabFmMuD;rSm 'kwd, urÇmppftwGif;u wnfaqmufcJhMuonfh

oabFmtdkMuD;om jzpfon f/ a&rd kifEIef; 6 rdkifomvQif &½Sdonf/ &efukef pifumylc&D;wGif aysmufqHk;aeonfh wdkufa&,mOf

taMumif;udk vHk;0 owd r&awmh/ arhavsmh aeMuNyD jzpfonf/ pifumylodkYom wtdtd ckwfarmif;aeonf/

nae av;em&DrS ½Spfem&Dwdkifxd tcsdefonf yifv,fjyifoGm; oabFmrsm;wGif ( Chief Officer ) yxr t&m½Sd\ wm0efcsdef

jzpfonf/ olY wm0efudk xrf;aqmif&ef yJhpifxuf wufvmcJhonf/ yifv,fa&jyif wckvHk;rSm vIdif;avNidrfoufaevsuf &moDOwkrSm

om,m MunfvifvSonf/ olonf aq;vdyfudkom wvdyfNyD; wvdyf zGm&if; olYtwGuf rxl;jcm;vSonfh wm0efudk xrf;aqmif&if;

[kd[kdonfonf rSefajymif;jzifh vSrf;arQmf Munfhum aerd\/ aevHk;MuD;onf taemufbuf aumif;uifjyifwGif jrifomaom

rdk;ukefpuf0dkif;txuf 15 'D*&D tjrifhavmufü ½Sdaeonf/ taemufbuf aeapmif;onfaMumifh ta½SYbuf rdk;ukyf puf0dkif;udk

rD;armif; xdk;jyouJhodkY ½Sdonf/

olonf ta½SYbufqDodkY Munfh&if; rdk;ukyf puf0dkif; wae&m yifv,fjymxufwGif eDMuefYMuefY tpuftajymufwckudk awGYvdkuf&onf/

olY vnfwGif qGJxm;onfh 8 _51 yg0g ½Sd rSefbDvl;ESifh Munfhvdkuf&m ½GufavSwpif;vdkvdk teDa&mif wpHkw&mvdkvdk roJruGJ

t&m0w¬K wckudk awGY&\/ oabFm 0JbufOD;qD 'D*&D av;q,favmufwGif jzpfonf/ olonf rauseyfjcif;aMumifh oabFm

yJhpifxuf½Sd oHk;acsmif;axmufpifjzifh wifumxm;onfh rSefbDvl;MuD;qDodkY avQmufoGm;aum aocsmpGm Munhfvdkufonf/ ol\

tm;aumif;vSonfh rSefbDvl;MuD;\ jrifuGif;wGif ay:vmonfrSm vdar®mf&ifha&mif toufu,f azmifuav; wckESifh azmiftxufrS

tvH wpudk a0SY,rf; jyaeMuol wpkudk rarQmfvifhbJ awGY&awmhonf/ olonf uyÜDwef xH csufcsif; owif;ydkYvkdufonf/ uyÜDwef

,dk½Sd'g;rSm touf 70 rQ ½SdayNyD/ touf MuD;vSNyD jzpfaomfvnf; woufywfvHk; vkdvdk yifv,fjyifom taersm;cJhonfaMumifh

usef;rm oefpGrf;vSonf/ uyÜDwef ,dk½Sd'g; onf rSefajymif; jzifh apmifh MunfhNyD;aemuf rlvOD;wnfvrf;aMumif;rS ajymif;um

oabFmwufrudk 0JbufodkY vSnfhapNyD; toufu,f azmifqDodkY OD;wnf ckwfarmif;vmawmhonf/ tcsdefrSm nae 5 em&D 40

rdepfcefYwGif jzpf\/ þwGifrS olwdkY tm;vHk;onf aysmufqHk;aeaom jrefrmh a&wyfrS wdkufa&,mOf\ owif;udk owd&Muawmhonf/

uRefawmfhtm;xrif;pm;cef;wGif; ac:oGm;MuNyD;aemuf yxr t&m½Sdonf owif;ydkYcsufa&;om;&ef pm½Gufrsm; ,lvmum uRefawmfESifh

touf½SifaeMuonfhvlOD;a&ESifh trnf pm&if;wdkYudk a&;aponf/ uRefawmfhvufrSmazmifwdefudk MudK;pm; udkifqkyfxm;&onf/

vufacsmif;rsm;rSmxHkusOfaeonf/

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uRefawmfuowif; a&;ay;onf/ olwdkYuvnf; &efukefqdyfurf; t&m½Sd½kH ;odkYowif;a&;ydkYvsuf uRefawmfuvnf; a&wyf

OD;pD;csKyfXmeodkYtpD&ifcH aMu;eef; wapmifudk a&;om;um tDpefrm½l;oabFmrS wqifhay;ydkYum aysmufqHk;aeqJ ½Sdao;onfh

azmifwcktaMumif;udktpD&ifcHvdkufonf/ owif;ydkYcsufudk xdkaeYn 'DZifbmv 11 &ufaeY n7 em&DcGJcefYwGif a&wyfOD;pD;csKyfXmerS

&½SdcJhonfwGifwdkufa&,mOf 103 \ uHMur®mudk od½SdoGm;Muawmhonf/ ]rif;odyfuHaumif;w,f uyÜDwef? aemufxyf em&D0ufavmuf aemufusoGm;&ifrif;azmifudk wdkY jrifawmhrSm r[kwfbl;} [k yxr

t&m½Sdu ajymonf/ ][kwfygw,f?cifAsm;vJ yifv,foGm; t&m½Sdaumif; wa,mufyg? cifAsm; wm0efomwdwdusus rxrf;aqmif&if uRefawmfwdkYu dk

awGYjrifrSm r[kwfygbl;} [kuRefawmfu jyefajymvdkufonf/ oabFm xrif;pm;cef;wGif;odkY r0ifrDwGifwpHkwOD;u abmif;bDwdk

wxnfay;onfaMumifh uRefawmfhrSm t½Suf vHkaeygNyD/,lvmaom abmif;bDrSm odrfvSD usqif;oGm;onfh uRefawmf\

cg;ESifhtwefMuD;aeonfaMumifh cg;wGifMu dK;wacsmif;jzifh ywfum 0wfqifxm;&onf/odkYaomf udpö r½Sdyg/ rjriftyfonfh t&mudk

rjrifoifhonfhtcsdefwGifrjrif0H holrsm; rjrifMujcif;udkyif uRefawmf pdwfoufom&m &ygayNyD/ acwÅrQMumaomtcg rsufrSefESifh vli,fwa,muf a&mufvm\/ oabFmrS*syefq&m0ef jzpfonf/ q&m0efonf uRefawmfESifh

Adkvfoef;vGifudkMunhf½I ppfaq;onf/ Adkvfoef;vGifrSm usef;rma&; aumif;vSonf/uRefawmfhwGifrl yifv,fwGif; 8 &uf 9 &ufajrmuf

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ausmfvGefcJhonfwGif trsm;tjym;rSm' l;acgif; wHawmifqpfrsm; a&mifvmonf/ wyfMuyfMuD; udkudkMuD;rSmtqdk;qHk; a&mif&rf;aeonf/

q&m0efu 'l;qpfa&mifjcif;udkMunfh½Ippfaq;NyD; ... ]tm[m&csdKYwJhvdkY jzpfwmyg? tpm;taomuf jyefpm;aomufvkduf&ifaumif;oGm;rSmyg} [k ajymonf/ xdkYaemuf uRefawmfwdkYtm; EGm;EdkY

ylyludkwdkufauR;onf/ uRefawmfh &Jabmfrsm; tm;vHk;ukef;ywfaemufydkif;wGif,m,Dtrdk;tum wckjyKum ae&may;onf/ uRefawmfESifh

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wdkufa&,mOf 103 |

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