32e08fc0009efca4f2de4711f9c36635_Taoism .pptx

8/9/2019 32e08fc0009efca4f2de4711f9c36635_Taoism .pptx

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Chinese Religions

Chapter 7


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Confucianism Wisdom of Ancients

Taoism Harmony with Nature


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Bac ground Chinese religions are a !lend of

practices" Chinese fol religion Taoism Confucianism Biddhism


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#eneration of ancestors$elderlyancestors are re%ered

#eneration of nature gods for farming Divination & attempts to gain

nowledge !y interpretation of omens orsigns of nature

Mandate of heaven ' chief godhea%en confers a mandate to rulerson earth as long as they rule (ustly


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Confucianism Confucius"

)i%ed form a!out **+ to ,7- BC Considered to !e the father of Chinese

culture His sayings .analects/ !ased on wisdom

of ancients

0mphasi1ed the !uilding of moralcharacter

Action oriented" 2roper ritualo!ser%ance and moral persuasion led tosuccesses


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3acred 3tories and 3acred3criptures

Confucianism The 4%e classics

Historical documents Anthology of poems 5anual for di%ination Records of the state of )u

Wor s on the principles of li


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Compiled !y followers of Confucius 6our !oo s"

The analects .sayings of Confucius/ The great learning .details of how perfection

can !ene4t society/ octrine of the mean .philosophical

utterances with commentaries Boo of meng8t1u .sayings of the great

follower of Confucius/


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Beliefs and 2ractices Confucianism"A9 2erfection in humans came not from

relationships with gods !ut throughpeoples relationships with one another

B9 )i& proper or rites .outward!eha%ior/

2ractice of proper !eha%ior speci4c to onesrelationship to another Rituals that must !e properly performed to

!ecome a chun8t1u


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C/ :en & humanity or !ene%olence.inward !eha%ior/

Religious and ethical rituals help a person

mo%e from a life ruled !y passions to one rule!y enlightened wisdom / Chun8T1u& superior one

;ne who com!ines li with :en so much so that

!ene%olence


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Beginnings of Taoism

)ao T1ua9 Not a religion in a traditional sense

!ut adopted as state religion in ,,=A in China

!9 )ao T1u !9 >=, BC in Chinaa9 An unusual !irth .?@ years old/!9 Re(ected society .feudal warfare/ to li%e

as a hermit in naturec9 A cotemporary of ung fu t1u

.Confucius/


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3cared 3tories and 3acred3criptures8 Taoism

A/ Tao8Te Ching or The Way and ts2ower9

Central 3cripture within Taoism Attri!uted to )ao T1u !ut pro!a!ly

written or complied !y followers 2rinciples of li%ing to impro%e self !y

!eing in harmony with Nature Consist of paradoDes


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B/ Chuang T1u Written !y Chuang T1u8 Taoism s second

founder 0mphasi1es

2aradoDes 5oral relati%ity

Cycle of life

The Way 8E Tao


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Beliefs and 2ractices8 Taoism

A/ Fin and Fang Complementary play of pairs of

opposites in uni%erse Not interdependent8 one de4nes the

other No antagonism !etween pairs8 !oth are

needed 0ach contains a little of the other Nature is in a continual dance to remain

!alanced !etween the yin and yang


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The Tao Translation" way +9 The way of ultimate reality

Transcendent 5onism

@9 The way of the uni%erse mmanent8 creates and sustains The ordering principle of nature The rhythm of all life


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C/ Wu8Wei Wu8wei& action without action

Humans act in such a way that they don tinterfere with Nature

Actions follow !eing" The way to do is to !e8 Tao Te Ching Wu8wei doesn t try" it (ust does9 t goes !y

intuition and is sensiti%e tocircumstances

The Sage is the perfect em!odiment ofwu8wei


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+/ Wu8Wei" 2airs of #irtues A/ Humility and Noncompetition

)ead to %ictory surrender to win

B/ Nonaggression and 2assi%e Rule )ead to peace

C/ Naturalness and Naturalism )ead to oneness with the Tao

The 3age accepts and li%es these %irtuesto !e in harmony or one with the Tao


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a/ Humility andNoncompetition

AD falls 4rst on tallest tree 3age has a disinterest in world s

pri1es Humility is a sign of strength not

wea ness B/ Nonaggression and passi%e rule

War may sometimes !e necessary !ut%iolence and aggression should !eminimi1ed

A good ruler ta es a passi%e approach


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A good soldier is not %iolent A good 4ghter is not angry

A good winner is not %engeful A good employer is hum!le9 A leader is !est when people !arley

now that he eDists9 ;f a goodleaderG who tal s littleG when hiswor is doneG his aim ful4lled9 Theywill sayG We did this oursel%es


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C/ Naturalness andNaturalism

;ne with nature not dominating it Beha%ing as nature dictates not as

social pressure or personal pridedictatesecological approach


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@/ Wu8wei as li%ed !y Taoists

A/ li%es and actions should !e aligned with the Taofor !alance and harmony

mmortality through union with Tao B/ Ch i& literally !reath" interpreted as %ital

energy Ch i refers to the power of the Tao


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/ Worship of deities By - th century Taoists !elie%ed in

many gods including )ao T1u Hsiens& those !elie%ed to ha%e

reached immortality" were alsoworshipped

There were religions cele!rations.today practiced in Taiwan


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Buddhism in China Arri%ed in 4rst century A !ut was more

popular with poor people !ecause of strongemphasis on family

2ure )and Buddhism Celestial realm created !y Amita!haG a

!odhisatt%aG where there was no e%ilG painor suKering9 An ideal en%ironment8 nonatural disasters

To get there" recite name Amita!hathrough life with great faith and de%otion


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3acred Time Chinese New FearLL

2rayers and homage to Tso wan Tin Hau

Honors the mother of !oat people and sailors Ching 5ing

Honors deceased relati%es 5id Autumn 6esti%alLL

Recalls when Chinese rulers carefully studied themoon ragon Boat 6esti%al

Honors a famous Chinese patriot named Wut Fuah


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B9 6esti%als 6ew festi%als are cele!rated on Chinese

mainland

Chinese New Fear most important 5id8Autumn second most important

C9 )ife Cycles Traditions from %arious religions cele!rate

life cycle e%ents BirthG marriageG death most important life

cycle e%ents


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3acred 2laces and 3acred3paces

6eng83hui& 2ractice of positioningo!(ects to achie%e positi%e eKects

Ancestor Mra%esites 2ro%iding for the needs of the deceased

3hrine of Ancestors To local gods and ancestors

Temples Taoist and BuddhistG local and state temples


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Chinese Religions Through Catholic)ens

Chinese Religions Ancestor %eneration N;T 0 OA) to Ancestor worship Ancestors not deitiesG not prayed to for fa%ors

Catholicism Communion of 3aints

3aints are honored and 2rayed to on our !ehalf. ntercession

;nly Mod is worshipped

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