PRESENTATION BYANNUS ALI

Indo-Pak Relations

• Introduction• Partition of British India• Religious differences• Massacre of refugees• Kashmir dispute• Indus water treaty • 1965 war• 1971 war• Conclusion

Sequence

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IntroductionSince 1947 Indo-Pak Relations have been under the shadows of suspicions, misunderstanding, disappointment, tensions and wars. Both states never succeeded to win the mutual trust of each other because of their unresolved disputes and lack of cooperation between them. But for this purpose, both countries have to overcome their short-sighted plans and they have to reconsider their policies towards each other.

MAP BEFORE PARTITION MAP AFTER PARTITION

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Partition of British India

• The partition of British India was the partition of Indian sub-continent.

• Partition was based on two religions, Islam and Hinduism.

• British India was divided into two independent states, Union of India and Dominion of Pakistan.

• The partition included the partition of East Pakistan (Bangladesh), West Pakistan and India in the middle.

• The partition included the geographical division of the Bengal province into East Bengal (East Pakistan) and West Bengal became part of India.

• Partition of the Punjab province became West Punjab (Pakistani Punjab) and East Punjab (Indian Punjab).

Massacre of refugees• After the partition of British India large

number of refugees moved from both countries ( India and Pakistan).

• Refugees were killed from both sides.• Approximately 4 million Hindus Moved from

Pakistan to India and 5-6 million muslims moved from India to Pakistan.

• The groups of Sikhs and Jathas killed a large number of Muslim refugees .

• To take revenge Muslims also killed large number of Hindu refugees.

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HINDUISM1. HINDUS HAVE MANY GODS AND

THEY PRAY FOR THEIR IDLES.2. HINDUS BELIEVE ANIMALS

(MONKEYS, COWS, ELEPHANTS) AS GOD.

3. HINDUS PRAYS IN TEMPLES.4. HINDUS LIKES TO LEARN MUSIC AND

SINGING

ISLAM1. Muslims believes on one Allah and his prophet.2. Muslims sacrifice animals(cows,

goats, camels) for Allah after every year.3. Muslims pray there prayers in

mosque.4. Music and dancing is forbidden in

islam.

Religious differences

INDUS WATER TREATY

• THE TREATY WAS SIGNED IN KARACHI ON SEPTEMBER 19, 1960 BY INDIAN PRIME MINISTER JAWAHARLAL NEHRU AND PRESIDENT OF PAKISTAN MOHAMMAD AYUB KHAN.

• THE INDUS SYSTEM OF RIVERS COMPRISES THREE WESTERN RIVERS THE INDUS, THE JHELUM AND CHENAB AND THREE EASTERN RIVERS - THE SUTLEJ, THE BEAS AND THE RAVI.

• THE TREATY WAS THAT INDIA WOULD NOT INTERFERE IN FLOW OF INDUS WATER COMING TO PAKISTAN.

• INDIA CONSTRUCTED DAMS AGAINST THE INDUS TREATY ON RIVER, INDUS, JHELUM AND CHENAB

• INDIA HAD CONSTRUCTED 41 DAMS IN THESE RIVERS AND 12 WERE UNDER CONSTRUCTION.

• KASHMIR DISPUTE WAS THE MAJOR ISSUE THAT HAVE STRAINED THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIA AND PAKISTAN.

• ITS MAJORITY POPULATION WAS MUSLIM BUT ITS RULER, MAHARAJA HARISINGH, WAS HINDU.

• RULER WANTED KASHMIR AS AN INDEPENDENT NATION.

KASHMIR DISPUTE

• PAKISTANI FORCES MOVED TO INDIA TO DISPATCH KASHMIR.• MAHARAJA WAS TURNED TO

INDIA AND ASKED IT TO SEND ITS TROOPS TO KASHMIR.• INDIA LAUNCHED AN OPERATION

AND CAPTURED LARGE AREA OF KASHMIR.

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WAR OF 1965• THIS WAR WAS FOUGHT TO CAPTURE THE STATE OF JAMMU AND

KASHMIR.• INDIA ATTACKED ON IT CAPTURED SOME OF THE BORDER POST.• PAKISTAN WITH IN A FEW DAYS LIBERATED A LARGE AREA OF

OCCUPIED STATE.• INDIA ALSO ATTACKED ON LAHORE FROM THREE SIDES ON

SEPTEMBER 1965. PAK FORCE MOVED TO FACE THE ENEMY. THE ATTACKED OF THE INDIAN ARMY WAS STOPPED.

• THE WAR BETWEEN BOTH COUNTRIES LASTED FOR SEVENTEEN DAYS (5th SEPTEMBER TO 23rd SEPTEMBER).

WAR OF 1971• THIS WAS THE WAR FOR THE LIBERTY OF

BANGLADESH.• INDIA ATTACKED ON BANGLADESH AND CAPTURED IT.• PAKISTAN ADVANCED ITS TROOPS TO EAST PAKISTAN

FOR THE LIBERTY OF IT.• PAKISTANI FORCES IN EAST PAKISTAN

SURRENDERED TO JOINT COMMAND OF INDIA AND PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF BANGLADESH WAS CREATED.

CONCLUSION

TO IMPROVE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIA AND PAKISTAN BOTH COUNTRIES HAVE TO;1. RESOLVE THE KASHMIR ISSUE. 2. RESOLVE THE WATER TREATY.

THESE ISSUES ARE STILL NOT YET RESOLVED.