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    LN_FYQHKQ KFQLJD

    Hqqhjcda lz hk d`djqyfklj jfp| fb qcd Jfkbladkqlh` Fbbdylkm Jlyjt`hy #qcd )Fbbdylkm Jlyjt`hy),ahqda Nhyjc 9: 9??= yd`hqlkm qf qcd fbbdylkm i| Qlnidy}f`b L @qa+ #qcd )Lzztdy), hkaQlnidy}f`b L #Ad`h}hyd, Jfyp+ #qcd )Jf.Lzztdy) hka qfmdqcdy }lqc qcd Lzztdy qcd )Lzztdyz),fb qcd Zdjtylqldz adzjylida qcdydlk+

    Kf ydmlzqyhqlfk zqhqdndkq yd`hqlkm qf qcdzd zdjtylqldz chz iddk bl`da }lqc qcd Zdjtylqldz hkaDsjchkmd Jfnnlzzlfk+ Qcdzd zdjtylqldz hyd idlkm fbbdyda ptyzthkq qf hk dsdnpqlfk byfnqcd ydmlzqyhqlfk ydxtlydndkqz fb qcd Tklqda Zqhqdz Zdjtylqldz Hjq fb 8

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    JFKBLADKQLH@

    QLNIDY]F@B L @QA+QLNIDY]F@B L #AD@H]HYD, JFY_+

    T+Z+!

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    Qlnidy}f`b L @qa+ hk dsdnpqda jfnphk| lkjfypfyhqda }lqc `lnlqda `lhil`lq| tkady qcd `h}z fb qcdJh|nhk Lz`hkaz #qcd )Lzztdy), hka Qlnidy}f`b L #Ad`h}hyd, Jfyp+ h Ad`h}hyd jfypfyhqlfk #qcd )Jf.Lzztdy) hka qfmdqcdy }lqc qcd Lzztdy qcd )Lzztdyz), }l`` lzztd T+Z+!

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    H`` ph|ndkqz fk qcd Zdjtylqldz }l`` id nhad byfn _yfjddaz hrhl`hi`d lk hjjfyahkjd }lqc qcd_ylfylq| fb _h|ndkqz+ Fk dhjc _h|ndkq Ahqd dsjdpq hz fqcdy}lzd pyfrlada lk qcd _ylfylq| fb _h|ndkqzph|ndkqz fk qcd J`hzz Z.8 Kfqdz }l`` id zdklfy qf ph|ndkqz fk qcd J`hzz Z.9 Kfqdz qcd J`hzz H.8Kfqdz qcd J`hzz H.9 Kfqdz qcd J`hzz I Kfqdz qcd J`hzz J Kfqdz qcd J`hzz A Kfqdz hka qcd LkjfndKfqdz7 ph|ndkqz fk qcd J`hzz Z.9 Kfqdz }l`` id zdklfy qf ph|ndkqz fk qcd J`hzz H.9 Kfqdz #pyfrladaqchq ph|ndkqz fb lkqdydzq fk qcd J`hzz Z.9 Kfqdz hka qcd J`hzz H Kfqdz }l`` id phla pyf yhqh, qcd J`hzz IKfqdz qcd J`hzz J Kfqdz qcd J`hzz A Kfqdz hka qcd Lkjfnd Kfqdz7 ph|ndkqz fk qcd J`hzz H.8 Kfqdz}l`` id zdklfy qf ph|ndkqz fk qcd J`hzz H.9 Kfqdz #pyfrlada qchq ph|ndkqz fb lkqdydzq fk qcd J`hzz HKfqdz }l`` id phla pyf yhqh, qcd J`hzz I Kfqdz qcd J`hzz J Kfqdz qcd J`hzz A Kfqdz hka qcd LkjfndKfqdz7 ph|ndkqz fk qcd J`hzz H.9 Kfqdz }l`` id zdklfy qf ph|ndkqz fk qcd J`hzz I Kfqdz qcd J`hzz JKfqdz qcd J`hzz A Kfqdz hka qcd Lkjfnd Kfqdz7 ph|ndkqz fk qcd J`hzz I Kfqdz }l`` id zdklfy qfph|ndkqz fk qcd J`hzz J Kfqdz qcd J`hzz A Kfqdz hka qcd Lkjfnd Kfqdz7 ph|ndkqz fk qcd J`hzz JKfqdz }l`` id zdklfy qf ph|ndkqz fk qcd J`hzz A Kfqdz hka qcd Lkjfnd Kfqdz7 hka ph|ndkqz fk qcdJ`hzz A Kfqdz }l`` id zdklfy qf ph|ndkqz fk qcd Lkjfnd Kfqdz lk hjjfyahkjd }lqc qcd _ylfylq| fb_h|ndkqz hz adzjylida cdydlk+ Qcd Kfqdz #fqcdy qchk qcd J`hzz Z.8 Kfqdz, hyd ztiedjq qf nhkahqfy|ydadnpqlfk lb h Jfrdyhmd Qdzq lz kfq zhqlzblda fk hk| ahqd fb adqdynlkhqlfk }cljc nh| ydzt`q lk rhylhqlfkzqf qcd zdklfylqldz fb alzqylitqlfkz adzjylida hifrd hka hz nfyd bt``| adzjylida lk qcd _ylfylq| fb _h|ndkqz+_h|ndkqz fb pylkjlph` fk qcd J`hzz H.8 Kfqdz }l`` id phla lk hjjfyahkjd }lqc qcd J`hzz H.8 Kfqd _h|ndkqZdxtdkjd+

    Qcd Kfqdz hka qf qcd dsqdkq adzjylida cdydlk qcd Lkjfnd Kfqdz hyd ztiedjq qf ydadnpqlfk #l, hqhk| qlnd hz h ydzt`q fb h Qhs Ydadnpqlfk #ll, fk hk Htjqlfk _h|ndkq Ahqd hz h ydzt`q fb h ztjjdzzbt`Htjqlfk fy #lll, hz h ydzt`q fb hk Fpqlfkh` Ydadnpqlfk i| Ydblkhkjlkm fy hk Fpqlfkh` Ydadnpqlfk i|@lxtlahqlfk fk fy hbqdy qcd Nhyjc 9?8? _h|ndkq Ahqd+ Qcd Lkjfnd Kfqdz }l` kfq id ydaddnda lk bt`` fylk phyq lk jfkkdjqlfk }lqc hk Fpqlfkh` Ydadnpqlfk i| Ydblkhkjlkm+ Qcd zqhqda nhqtylq| fb qcd Kfqdz hkaqcd Lkjfnd Kfqdz #fqcdy qchk qcd J`hzz Z Kfqdz hka qcd J`hzz H.8 Kfqdz, lz qcd _h|ndkq Ahqd lkAdjdnidy 9?1=+ Qcd zqhqda nhqtylq| fb qcd J`hzz Z Kfqdz lz qcd _h|ndkq Ahqd lk Zdpqdnidy 9?88+ Qcdzqhqda nhqtylq| fb qcd J`hzz H.8h Kfqdz hka qcd J`hzz H.8i Kfqdz lz qcd _h|ndkq Ahqd lk Adjdnidy9?:

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    Qcd Lkjfnd Kfqdz #fqcdy qchk qcd Ydmt`hqlfk Z Lkjfnd Kfqdz, }l`` id drladkjda i| fkd fy nfydadblklqlrd kfqdz lk bt``| ydmlzqdyda bfyn #dhjc hk )Lkjfnd Kfqd Jdyqlbljhqd),+ Zdd )Adzjylpqlfk fb qcdZdjtylqldz+)

    Qclz Fbbdylkm Jlyjt`hy lz jfkbladkqlh` hka lz idlkm btyklzcda i| qcd Lzztdyz lk jfkkdjqlfk }lqc hkfbbdylkm dsdnpq byfn ydmlzqyhqlfk tkady qcd Zdjtylqldz Hjq zf`d`| bfy qcd ptypfzd fb dkhi`lkm h pyfzpdjqlrd

    lkrdzqfy qf jfkzlady qcd ptyjchzd fb qcd Zdjtylqldz adzjylida cdydlk+ Qcd lkbfynhqlfk jfkqhlkda lk qclzFbbdylkm Jlyjt`hy chz iddk pyfrlada i| qcd Lzztdyz hka fqcdy zftyjdz ladkqlblda cdydlk+ Dsjdpq lk ydzpdjqfb qcd lkbfynhqlfk jfkqhlkda tkady qcd cdhalkm )Qcd Jf``hqdyh` Nhkhmdy) #fqcdy qchk qcd lkbfynhqlfkjfkqhlkda tkady qcd zticdhalkm )Mdkdyh`), bfy }cljc qcd Jf``hqdyh` Nhkhmdy hjjdpqz zf`d ydzpfkzlil`lq|qf qcd dsqdkq adzjylida lk ztjc zdjqlfk kf ydpydzdkqhqlfk fy }hyyhkq| dspydzz fy lnp`lda lz nhad i| qcdLklqlh` _tyjchzdy qcd Jf``hqdyh` Nhkhmdy qcd Jhzcb`f} Z}hp Jftkqdyphyq| #fy hk| mthyhkqfy qcdydfb, qcdQytzqdd qcd Jf``hqdyh` Hanlklzqyhqfy qcd Kfqd Hmdkqz #hz adblkda cdydlk, fy qcd Blzjh` Hmdkq #qcd Kfqd

    Hmdkqz qcd Jf``hqdyh` Hanlklzqyhqfy hka qcd Blzjh` Hmdkq qfmdqcdy qcd )Hmdkqz), hz qf qcd hjjtyhj| fyjfnp`dqdkdzz fb ztjc lkbfynhqlfk hka kfqclkm jfkqhlkda lk qclz Fbbdylkm Jlyjt`hy lz fy zch`` id yd`ldatpfk hz h pyfnlzd fy ydpydzdkqhqlfk i| qcd Lklqlh` _tyjchzdy qcd Qytzqdd qcd Jf``hqdyh` Nhkhmdy qcdJhzcb`f} Z}hp Jftkqdyphyq| #fy hk| mthyhkqfy qcdydfb, fy qcd Hmdkqz+ Hk| ydpyfatjqlfk fy alzqylitqlfk fbqclz Fbbdylkm Jlyjt`hy lk }cf`d fy lk phyq hka hk| alzj`fztyd fb lqz jfkqdkqz fy tzd fb hk| lkbfynhqlfkcdydlk bfy hk| ptypfzd fqcdy qchk jfkzladylkm hk lkrdzqndkq lk qcd Zdjtylqldz lz pyfclilqda+ Dhjc fbbdyddfb qcd Zdjtylqldz i| hjjdpqlkm ad`lrdy| fb qclz Fbbdylkm Jlyjt`hy hmyddz qf qcd bfydmflkm+

    VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV

    QCD ZDJTYLQLDZ FBBDYDA CDYDI\ CHRD KFQ IDDK YDJFNNDKADA I\ HK\ TKLQDAZQHQDZ BDADYH@ FY ZQHQD ZDJTYLQLDZ JFNNLZZLFK FY YDMT@HQFY\ HTQCFYLQ\+BTYQCDYNFYD QCD BFYDMFLKM HTQCFYLQLDZ CHRD KFQ JFKBLYNDA QCD HJJTYHJ\ FYADQDYNLKDA QCD HADXTHJ\ FB QCLZ AFJTNDKQ+ HK\ YD_YDZDKQHQLFK QF QCDJFKQYHY\ LZ H JYLNLKH@ FBBDKZD+

    Qcd alzqylitqlfk fb qclz Fbbdylkm Jlyjt`hy hka qcd fbbdylkm hka zh`d fb qcd Zdjtylqldz lk jdyqhlk etylzaljqlfkznh| id ydzqyljqda i| `h}+ Qcd Lzztdyz hka qcd Lklqlh` _tyjchzdy ydxtlyd pdyzfkz lkqf }cfzd pfzzdzzlfkqclz Fbbdylkm Jlyjt`hy jfndz qf lkbfyn qcdnzd`rdz hiftq hka qf fizdyrd hk| ztjc ydzqyljqlfkz+ Bfy hbtyqcdy adzjylpqlfk fb jdyqhlk ydzqyljqlfkz fk fbbdylkm hka zh`dz fb qcd Zdjtylqldz zdd )Tkady}ylqlkm+) QclzFbbdylkm Jlyjt`hy afdz kfq jfkzqlqtqd hk fbbdy fb fy hk lkrlqhqlfk qf ptyjchzd hk| fb qcd Zdjtylqldz lk hk|

    etylzaljqlfk lk }cljc ztjc fbbdy fy lkrlqhqlfk }ft`a id tk`h}bt`+

    KFQLJD QF KD] CHN_ZCLYD YDZLADKQZ

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    Kf lkrlqhqlfk nh| id nhad qf qcd pti`lj lk qcd Jh|nhk Lz`hkaz qf ztizjylid bfy qcd Zdjtylqldz+

    VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV

    Qcd Lklqlh` _tyjchzdy chz ydpydzdkqda }hyyhkqda hka hmydda qchq5 #l, lq chz fk`| jfnntkljhqda fyjhtzda qf id jfnntkljhqda hka }l`` fk`| jfnntkljhqd fy jhtzd qf id jfnntkljhqda hk| lkrlqhqlfk fylkatjdndkq qf dkmhmd lk lkrdzqndkq hjqlrlq| #}lqclk qcd ndhklkm fb zdjqlfk 98 fb qcd Blkhkjlh` Zdyrljdz

    hka Nhygdqz Hjq 9??? #)BZNH),, ydjdlrda i| lq lk jfkkdjqlfk }lqc qcd lzztd fy zh`d fb hk| Zdjtylqldz lkjlyjtnzqhkjdz lk }cljc zdjqlfk 98#8, fb qcd BZNH afdz kfq hpp`| qf qcd Lzztdy7 hka #ll, lq chz jfnp`ldahka }l`` jfnp`| }lqc h`` hpp`ljhi`d pyfrlzlfkz fb qcd BZNH }lqc ydzpdjq qf hk|qclkm afkd i| lq lk yd`hqlfk qfqcd Zdjtylqldz lk byfn fy fqcdy}lzd lkrf`rlkm qcd Tklqda Glkmafn+ Zdd )Tkady}ylqlkm+)

    VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV

    Qcd Zdjtylqldz nh| kfq id fbbdyda fy zf`a i| ndhkz fb hk| afjtndkq fqcdy qchk qf pdyzfkz}cfzd fyalkhy| itzlkdzz lz qf it| fy zd`` zchydz fy adidkqtydz }cdqcdy hz pylkjlph` fy hmdkq fy lkjlyjtnzqhkjdz }cljc af kfq jfkzqlqtqd hk fbbdy qf qcd pti`lj }lqclk qcd ndhklkm fb qcd JfnphkldzFyalkhkjd #Jhp+ :9, fb Cfkm Gfkm hka kf hardyqlzdndkq lkrlqhqlfk fy afjtndkq yd`hqlkm qf qcdZdjtylqldz nh| id lzztda }cdqcdy lk Cfkm Gfkm fy d`zd}cdyd }cljc lz alydjqda hq fy qcd jfkqdkqz fb}cljc hyd `lgd`| qf id hjjdzzda fy ydha i| qcd pti`lj lk Cfkm Gfkm #dsjdpq lb pdynlqqda qf af zf tkadyqcd zdjtylqldz `h}z fb Cfkm Gfkm, fqcdy qchk }lqc ydzpdjq qf Zdjtylqldz }cljc hyd fy hyd lkqdkada qf idalzpfzda fb fk`| qf pdyzfkz ftqzlad Cfkm Gfkm fy fk`| qf )pyfbdzzlfkh` lkrdzqfyz) }lqclk qcd ndhklkm fbqcd Zdjtylqldz hka Btqtydz Fyalkhkjd #Jhp+ 4=8, fb Cfkm Gfkm hka hk| yt`dz nhad qcdydtkady+

    VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV

    Qclz Fbbdylkm Jlyjt`hy chz kfq iddk ydmlzqdyda hz h pyfzpdjqtz }lqc qcd Nfkdqhy| Htqcfylq| fbZlkmhpfyd+ Hjjfyalkm`| qclz Fbbdylkm Jlyjt`hy hka hk| fqcdy afjtndkq fy nhqdylh` lk jfkkdjqlfk }lqc qcdfbbdy fy zh`d fy lkrlqhqlfk fy ztizjylpqlfk fy ptyjchzd fb qcd Zdjtylqldz nh| kfq id jlyjt`hqda fyalzqylitqda kfy nh| qcd Zdjtylqldz id fbbdyda fy zf`a fy id nhad qcd ztiedjq fb hk lkrlqhqlfk bfyztizjylpqlfk fy ptyjchzd }cdqcdy alydjq`| fy lkalydjq`| qf pdyzfkz lk Zlkmhpfyd fqcdy qchk tkadyjlyjtnzqhkjdz lk }cljc ztjc fbbdy zh`d fy lkrlqhqlfk afdz kfq jfkzqlqtqd hk fbbdy fy zh`d fy lkrlqhqlfk bfyztizjylpqlfk fy ptyjchzd fb qcd Zdjtylqldz qf qcd pti`lj lk Zlkmhpfyd+

    VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV

    Qcd Zdjtylqldz chrd kfq iddk hka }l`` kfq id ydmlzqdyda tkady qcd Zdjtylqldz hka Dsjchkmd @h}fb Ehphk #qcd Zdjtylqldz hka Dsjchkmd @h}, hka qcd Lklqlh` _tyjchzdy chz hmydda qchq lq }l`` kfq fbbdy fyzd`` hk| Zdjtylqldz alydjq`| fy lkalydjq`| lk Ehphk fy qf fy bfy qcd idkdblq fb hk| ydzladkq fb Ehphk #}cljcqdyn hz tzda cdydlk ndhkz hk| pdyzfk ydzladkq lk Ehphk lkj`talkm hk| jfypfyhqlfk fy fqcdy dkqlq|fymhkluda tkady qcd `h}z fb Ehphk, fy qf fqcdyz bfy yd.fbbdylkm fy ydzh`d alydjq`| fy lkalydjq`| lk Ehphk fyqf h ydzladkq fb Ehphk dsjdpq ptyzthkq qf hk dsdnpqlfk byfn qcd ydmlzqyhqlfk ydxtlydndkqz fb hkafqcdy}lzd lk jfnp`lhkjd }lqc qcd Zdjtylqldz hka Dsjchkmd @h} hka hk| fqcdy hpp`ljhi`d `h}zydmt`hqlfkz hka nlklzqdylh` mtlad`lkdz fb Ehphk+

    KFQLJD QF YDZLADKQZ FB QCD YD_TI@LJ FB LYD@HKA

    QCLZ FBBDYLKM JLYJT@HY LZ KFQ H _YFZ_DJQTZ HKA AFDZ KFQ JFKZQLQTQD HK

    LKRLQHQLFK QF QCD _TI@LJ QF _TYJCHZD FY ZTIZJYLID BFY HK\ ZDJTYLQLDZ HKAKDLQCDY LQ KFY HK\ BFYN FB H__@LJHQLFK ]L@@ ID LZZTDA JLYJT@HQDA FY ALZQYLITQDAQF QCD _TI@LJ+

    QCLZ FBBDYLKM JLYJT@HY HKA QCD LKBFYNHQLFK JFKQHLKDA CDYDLK LZJFKBLADKQLH@ HKA LZ BFY QCD TZD ZF@D@\ FB QCD _DYZFK QF ]CFN LQ LZ HAAYDZZDA+HJJFYALKM@\ LQ NH\ KFQ ID YD_YFATJDA LK ]CF@D FY LK _HYQ KFY NH\ LQZ JFKQDKQZID ALZQYLITQDA LK ]YLQLKM FY FYH@@\ QF HK\ QCLYA _HYQ\ HKA LQ NH\ ID YDHA ZF@D@\I\ QCD _DYZFK QF ]CFN LQ LZ HAAYDZZDA HKA CLZ&CDY _YFBDZZLFKH@ HARLZDYZ+

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    Lk qclz fbbdylkm jlyjt`hy ydbdydkjdz qf )T+Z+ Af``hyz) )!) hka )T+Z+!) hyd qf Tklqda Zqhqdz af``hyz+

    Qcd Lzztdyz #hka }lqc ydzpdjq qf qcd lkbfynhqlfk jfkqhlkda lk qclz fbbdylkm jlyjt`hy tkady qcdcdhalkm )Qcd Jf``hqdyh` Nhkhmdy) #fqcdy qchk qcd lkbfynhqlfk jfkqhlkda tkady qcd zticdhalkm )Mdkdyh`),qcd Jf``hqdyh` Nhkhmdy qf qcd dsqdkq adzjylida lk ztjc zdjqlfk, chrlkm nhad h`` ydhzfkhi`d lkxtlyldzjfkblyn qchq qcd lkbfynhqlfk jfkqhlkda lk qclz fbbdylkm jlyjt`hy lz qytd hka jfyydjq lk h`` nhqdylh` ydzpdjqzhka lz kfq nlz`dhalkm qchq qcd fplklfkz hka lkqdkqlfkz dspydzzda lk qclz fbbdylkm jlyjt`hy hyd cfkdzq`| cd`ahka qchq qcdyd hyd kf fqcdy bhjqz qcd fnlzzlfk fb }cljc }ft`a nhgd hk| ztjc lkbfynhqlfk fy qcddspydzzlfk fb hk| ztjc fplklfkz fy lkqdkqlfkz nlz`dhalkm+ Qcd Lzztdyz #hka }lqc ydzpdjq qf qcdlkbfynhqlfk lk qclz fbbdylkm jlyjt`hy tkady qcd cdhalkm )Qcd Jf``hqdyh` Nhkhmdy) #fqcdy qchk qcd lkbfynhqlfkjfkqhlkda tkady qcd zticdhalkm )Mdkdyh`), qcd Jf``hqdyh` Nhkhmdy qf qcd dsqdkq adzjylida lk ztjczdjqlfk, qhgd ydzpfkzlil`lq| hjjfyalkm`|+

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