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\pflj`jdilf prnofdtu

Fbfdtrngjld fvjcfglf trfe

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Kjgjstfrstvn `jgigl fsd rfpuebjdy

\pflj`jdilf prnofdtu Fbfdtrngjld fvjcfglf trfe

NesihKigifrsd shrgut................................................................................................................................. :Lbf prnofdtu......................................................................................................................................... :

]rjgljpy prnofdtu .................................................................................................................................. :

Dnglfpg pnpjs prnofdtu .................................................................................................................. 9=

_dbicg `jgigg udizitfbf............................................................................................................... 99

]U vgkg i dnglfpt....................................................................................................................... 95vnc...................................................................................................................................................... 93

fb cndukfgtu................................................................................................................................. 93

Kftncnbnajf i pstup........................................................................................................................ 93

]ntfei zprilnvg cndukfgtu......................................................................................................... 96

Nkfzfg zprilnvg cndukfgtu....................................................................................................... 96

\pflj`jdilf prnofdtu .............................................................................................................................. 90fb i lbf prnofdtu............................................................................................................................ 90

Plhnz sjtuilf .................................................................................................................................. 90

Dvigtjtitjvg nchic neofku trigsidl................................................................................................ 91

Bfajsbitjvg vlhncjsdi...................................................................................................................... 5=

_dbicg prnlfsy fvjcfglf trfe........................................................................................................... 5

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\pflj`jdilf prnvfcfg cftijbg igibzy............................................................................................. 81

@ugdg cfdnkpnzjlf........................................................................................................................ :9

Dnkpngfgty ]rnofdtu FFS ............................................................................................................. :9

Lfrtj`jdig iutnrjti............................................................................................................................ :6

]nicivdy gi hircwirnv prvdy prnstfc..................................................................................... 9=0

]fceg rnzpnft systku FFS i jg`ristrudtury......................................................................... 998

ffg prnlfsu sprvy i prnvnzu sbufe........................................................................................ 959

ffg efzpfgnstj systku FFS................................................................................................... 95

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Gvritgnst prnofdtu v isf.............................................................................................................. 98

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\fzgik nerzdNerzfd 9? Unzbnfg trigsidl v tcgu................................................................................................ 98Nerzfd 5? ]rkr pntu trigsidl zi sfdugcu................................................................................... 98Nerzfd

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]noky i zdritdypnofk vzgik ust. _nFSI

iutfgtjzig ciof ciof sbnul dnvfg jcfgtjty istgdi prndnkugjdilj sf sfrvfrfk FFS,ofcg sf n ciof, gi ofojlh zdbic of systk FFSslhnpfg efzpfg rnzfzgit pnpbitgdi, dtfr sf ojkjjcfgtj`jduofofcg sf n pjhbinvil ciof i lfrtj`jdt

\S CUVHHbivi JJ, Cb 9 0 - :

Eeg rfjk vjz fvjcfglf trfe egk zpsnefkED] efzpfgnstg dc pnpbitgdi

vytvnfg pnpbitgdfk, dtfr prndizuof ofcgnzgignuvizeu kfzj pnpbitgdfk i tfgdnu

\S CUVHHbivi JJ, Cb

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H

J

jg`nrkig nzgkfg jg`nrkuof v pndbicgk kst gi vjcjtfbgk kst ntnk, f nsnei, nc dtfr pbygf trei, of pnvjggi pfvzttfgdu

\S SFS 5= ncst. 9

jg`nrkig pnvjggnst pnvjggnst vyvsjt jg`nrkig nzgkfg zi pnckgfd is gbfjtnstkj stignvfgkj zdngfk i prnvclkpfcpjsfk

\S SFS

J\K\ \ystk zfg efzpfgnstj jg`nrkilO

D

dnglnv zizfg Jg`nrkig systk gfen fbfdtrngjld zizfgpnpbitgdi, dtfr zisb citnv vty i pjok @JD

dngtrnbg gdup gdup zen gfen sbufe zi fbfk zojtg pbggpnvjggnst pnpbitgdfk

\S CUVHHbivi JP 9:

B

K

kfzg cnei ncfzvy isnv sfd kfzj pndusfk n ncfsbg cio nfvjcnvig tre zpndbicghn (dnglnvhn) zizfg i

pjoftk @JD gi zizfgstignv pnpbitgd tid, iey gfkijb preh fvjcfglftrfe sf znhbfcggk cruhu i dvibjty jgtfrgftnvhnpjpnofgpj stignvfg kus pnpbitgd znhbfcgjt is gizprilnvg ncfzvy vsystku FFS vcblf 5 s

\S CUVHHbivi JJ, Cb

Ign

Gf

Hbfcpbgnuknlicitfbf ipnpbitgdi

Gf

Ign

Nvuofjcfgtjtuicitfbf

Gizdbicpbgknlj>

Nvuof nprvggicitfbf

]iprnvpbgknl>

Ign Nvuofsprvgnstpbgknlj

Gf

_icvjg`nrkilfnicitfbj i

pnpbitgdnvj

Jg`nrkuoficitfbfn gfkngstj

pjhbfg

Hbfcciof n CJ

Nvfgiutfgtjzilf

_icv jg`nrkilf nicitfbj iCJnvnvighn

pnpbitgdi

Nesihuof J, Gzfvpnpbitgdi, Icrfsu

Okgn i pokgicitfbf

Icrfsi icitfbf Gzfv pnpbitgdi CJ pnpbitgdi

Gzfv pnpbitgdi Icrfsi

]nvfg gfennprvgg nsnei

Jg`nrkuof

IGN/GF

_ci of stitutr, ofcgitfb,nprvgfg ofcgit zi CJ

Jg`nrkuof

IGN/GF

Nerzfd 1? ]rnlfs nvfg pnpbitgdi

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Lhyenv stivy

P ppic, f prnlfs sfbf voidkdnbj enc, of icitfb pncg n gvtvu @jgigghn icu.

Lzflh ]NJGS

cnst kf pncvit

f) `yzjld nsnei - pncgjditfb (prn sfef)`) nprvgg zstuplf prvgjld nsney (gip. stitutrg nrag, )a) zstuplf (zknlggfl) `yzjld nsney gi zdbic pbg knljh) zstuplf (zknlggfl) prvgjld nsney gi zdbic pbg knlj

Gi Lzflh ]NJGS prneh?

9. Nvfg tntngnstj icitfbf (neigsd prdiz) vf vflh tyflh ppicflh (eg iafgci).5. Nvfg, f of icitfb nprvgg ofcgit zi pnpbitgdi v ppic e), l) i c) (eg iafgci)

Dngtrnbuof sf prntj nelhncgku rfostdu.

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_kgy cio pnpbitgdi

]fcpndbicy

Ptjgi cio n pnpbitgdnvj sf vFFS pnuzf znerizuof (vjz sfzgik gf4 zcrnofk cio ofICJ\)

ciof, pnlhzfol zICJ\, gfbzf v FFS gjoid sprivnvit

ciof d pnpbitgdnvj, vzgjdiol vFFS, osnu ofg \tiv i Cituk rfajstrilf cn FFS.

]npbitgd sj gfkf siknstitg fcjtnvit cg ciof pnpbitgdi (igj gi pnrtbu, igj ojgid).]j zkg cio nzgk zkgu `jgiggku icu stigcircgk i fxjstuolk pnstupfk i

zkgi prnehgf vsystku, dtfr of zcrnofk cit (ICJ\). Idtuibjzilf of eucf pfcvit zICJ\cn FFS. Kf ot gipdbic n fxjstuol prnlfs Abnebg zkgi CJ pnpbitgdi vICJ\, dtfreucf kt cnpic j cn FFS.

P ppic cio pnpbitgdi vfcfglh pnuzf vFFS kf `jgigg sprvi zkgjt pnuzf \tiv(idtjvg/gfidtjvg) i tn gi zdbic cnstj pnpbitgdi, gfen zknlj fcg

ciof pnpbitgdi v

FFS

ciof dichn pnpbitgdi9. CJ5. Cituk zsdg CJ

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Ufajstrilf prnvnznvgy

]fcpndbicy

P zdng gfg dngdrtg nftfgi cf`jgjlf prnvnznvgy. ]rntn vciblh stflh tnhntnkitfrjbu pfcokkf prnvnznvgu cbf cnstupglh jg`nrkil i pntfe fbfdtrngjld fvjcfglftrfe i pfcokkf, f eucf cf`jgjlf cn zdngi cnpbggi. Cbf pfcokkf, f eucfpnvjggnst prnvnznvgy pjokiol hntnvnstg trey cbf 3 rfajstrnvit i sprivnvit

Pzgjd gnv rfajstr prnvnznvfg! Gjdcf ojgcf gfg rfajstr prnvnznvfg, dtfr ey vyhnvnvibpntfek fvjcfglf trfe

]rnvnznvgy ey kby ot rfajstrnvit oid rug (ofcgntbjv) pfcpndbc sf wfenv `nrkub prnzicg - tid j cvdnv (v pjprivfg strudturnvig pncne)

Dic pnpbitgd kus kt rfajstrnvgu ibfspn ofcgu prnvnznvgu

ciof prnvnznvgy kf zicit i fcjtnvit pnuzf pnpbitgd, gjdnbj @jgigg sprvi sprvi

ciof prnvnznvgy

N dic prnvnznvg pntfeuofkf fvjcnvit CJ prnvnznvitfbf prnvnznvgy(gipnofg gi pnpbitgdi)i cbf tytn ciof?

JC prnvnznvgy

of sbn pjcbfg systkfk, kjgjkbg ptjkstg, ugjdtg vrklj pnpbitgdi, gjdnbj v rkljsystku (z cvncu, f tntn JC sf uvc gi tfglf i gfsk et pbj cbnuh)

Cituk rfajstrilf (vzgjdu) prnvnznvgy v FFS

Syp prnvnznvgy

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\tiv prnvnznvgy

idtjvg

pfrufg jggnst zrufg

]nzg. Dic stiv kus kt pntfg cituk, i pnduc sf gfofcg n idtubg stiv, tid j dnglnv cituk.

Dic gnv zibnfg prnvnznvgi k stiv Idtjvg. Kfzj stivy Idtjvg i ]frufg jggnst bzfpflhzft neki skry. _f stivu _rufgi oj gfbzf stiv zgnvu zkgjt gi cg ojg.

jggnst prnvnznvgy

\fzgik vyeriglh jggnst zGILF (nenry lli cn 5=). Dngdrtg pnbndy eucnu cf`jgnvgy.jggnst kf kt prnvnznvgi zvnbfgn j vlf giofcgnu.

Nevydb ntfvril cnei

Gfpnvjgg cio, zicvig `nrknu tfxtnv pnzgkdy.

]rnvnz

sfzgg lfbnrng

Of zcf pnicivfd crft hjstnrjj stiv i zkg cio prnvnznvgy.

Ntfvfg ntzdy

9. Oid cf`jgjlf prnvnznvgy eucf pnujti prn vdbic tnhntn zdngi>5. Oid of dngdrtg sfzgik jggnst prnvnznvgy (ver zf sfzgiku GILF)> (urjtnu, gfurjtnu, pn cneu trvg cvnc)

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_rufg prnvnznvgy

]fcpndbicy

_rufg prnvnznvgy of vlg vzgn gi zdngg cvncy,dtfr eucnu cf`jgnvgy.

_vry

_rufg j ]frufg jggnstj prnvnznvgy zicv pnpbitgd gi pnrtbu vjz zkgy vf.

\tiv of tfei zkgjt prn dngdrtg prnvnznvgu.

Vdngfg kf zicit j `jgigg sprvi, ibf pnuzf vppic, dcy ocf n cfidtjvilj pnpbitgdii

tk j zrufg vflh ofhn prnvnznvfg. \ikntg prnvnznvgy gf. Cvnc zrufg eucf pnvjgg uvcg pj zkg stivu gi _rufg verfk ofcg z kngnst.

]nzg. Vjvitfbsdy vhncg gflhit ofo j uzivt vflhgy prnvnznvgy ofcgk drndfk, ibf pid sfv zsic ofcg n udngfg fvjcfglf pnpbitgdi prn fby FFS.

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Fvjcfglf trfe

Dbnv prnlfsg nebist, dtfr k gi stirnstj dnkugjdilj kfzj dnglnvk zizfgk pnpbitgdi ijg`nrkigk systkfk FFS (J\ FFS).

Srey osnu zicvgy cn ofcgntbjvlh dnglnvlh zizfg (typjldy pndbicgi). Dic dnglnv zizfgof vcy snust ofcg prnvnznvgy, pjfk prnvnznvgi kf nesihnvit vlf dnglnvlh zizfg.]rnvnznvgy osnu gsbfcg vztifgy dofcgnku pnpbitgdnvj. ]npbitgd of rnzbjfg gi zdbic CJ.Dic dnglnv zizfg of vyeivfgn lfrtj`jdtfk (j scbfgk pfs vlf zizfg), dtfrk pncfpjsuofcitnv vty skuol dJ\ FFS.

dtj

Idtr vdngtfxtu fvjcfglf trfe ]npjsJ\ FFS ]jok citnv vty zdnglnvlh zizfg, prnvc ofojlh vibjcilj,

udbc of i afgfruof ncpnv vftg @JD.Dnglnv zizfg (tid]ndbicgi)

Jg`nrkig systk gfen fbfdtrngjld zizfg pnpbitgdi, dtfrzisb citnv vty i pjok @JD.Pytv citnv vty nesihuol jg`nrkilf n tre, pncfpjsuof of,zisb skrfk dJ\ FFS, pjok ncpnv i tjsdgf tfgdu.Dnglnv zizfg kf et jgtfrg rnzcbfgn gi sikntgnupndbicgu i lfgtrbg dnkugjdig kncub. \ikntg pndbicgitid gfkus et pstupg zJgtfrgftu.

]ndbicgd _icv vystivfg tfgdy.

]rivjcbi

\fzgik privjcfb, dtfr sf vztihuo gi fvjcfglj trfe (tfgfd). _crnofk tlhtn privjcfb of idtubg

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FS-]-0

Citnv vti kus et pncfpsgilfrtj`jdtfk pnpbitgdi, dtfr of vycglfrtj`jdig iutnrjtnu FFS.

Dicku pnpbitgdu eucf vyafgfrnvg ofcfglfrtj`jdt prn fbfdtrngjld pncfpjsnvgcitnvlh vt. Jcfgtj`jdtnrfk prn lfrtj`jdteucf CJ, nesifg pkn vlfrtj`jdtu.Lfrtj`jdt eucf pbitg pn cneu 5 bft i eucfkng hn negnvjt. ]npbitgd kf pncit nvlf lfrtj`jdt, vyicuof-bj tn lhiridtfr ofhnprnvnzu (gip. vlf prnvnzglh kst, vlfdnglnvlh zizfg ipnc.).

FS-]-1

Dnkugjdilf s J\ FFS prneh pnknlziefzpffghn dnkugjdighn digbu.

Dnkugjdilf prneh gi zdbic wfenvlhsbufe gic prntndnbfk HSS]\ (\\Bv

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FS-@]-5

P rklj dichn drndu prnlfsukus cnlhzft dbnanvg dbnvlhjg`nrkil.

Dngdrtg sfzgik ucbnst dbnanvg eucf gutgspflj`jdnvit. Ofcg sf n bnanvg ucbnst typudnglnv zizfg dngtidtnvibn J\ FFS, gfpbitglfrtj`jdt, lhyeol pnvjgg ciof itc.

]fcpndbc sf, f tytn jg`nrkilf eucnu zhbfcjsdineofku cit pjebjg stfog, oidn udbcig citnvvty. Bnanvil snuenry eucf kng irlhjvnvit izrnvf dnkprjknvit ofojlh vfbjdnst.

FS-G]-9

J\ FFS kus ziojstjt gfpnpjritfbgnstdnkugjdilf.

Kus et gfpnpjritfbg, f treu zifvjcnvibdngdrtg sueofdt. Gfpnpjritfbgnst eucf zibnfgigi pncfpjsnvg citnvlh vt lfrtj`jdtfk, dtfreucf nesihnvit CJ pnpbitgdi. ]ncfpjsnvgeucf prnvfcfgn gi zdbic prjvtghn dbf, dtfrof zgk pnuzf pnpbitgdnvj.

Eucf-bj kt pnpbitgd vlf lfrtj`jdt, eucf rnzbjfgnkjgjkbg srjnvk sbfk lfrtj`jdtu.

FS-G]-5

J\ FFS kus ziojstjt jgtfarjtu cit. Kus et zgfknggi oiddnbj kigjpubilfs citnvnu vtnu vrklj dnkugjdilf dnglnvhnzizfg i J\ FFS. Dnkugjdilf prnehziefzpffgk digbfk.

Kf sf stt, f trei of zifvjcnvgi vJ\ FFS, ibfoj gfcnbn dpjoft pntvrzuol zprvy (nesihuol@JD) skrfk df dnglnvku zizfg. Ptidnvkppic dnglnv zizfg fvjcuof, f cnbnd givzg spnofg sJ\ FFS, ibf zprvi gfeybiubnfgi. _rnvf sf dnglnv zizfg pndnu nnpidnvig ncfsbg cit.

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FS-G]-0

J\ FFS kus zifvjcnvit treu cn=,

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FS-@]-:

Dnglnv zizfg kus ukngjtnptnvg ncfsbg tfgdy, ofstbjfpj prvgk ncfsbg gfnecrfbi @JD(pntvrzfg).

Nptnvg ncfsbg sf kf ct iutnkitjldy, dcydnglnv zizfg pnknl vnbg rnzhrig J\ FFSzojst, f systk of ùgdg i cnstupg. ]picg sfkf ofcgit n rug dng gi dnglnvk zizfg.Pcy of vid zipntfe cncrft kix. cneu 38 hncjg(ppicg 95= hncjg vf zofcgncufgk rfjku) prnzifvjcnvg trey. ]ndus n nptnvg ncfsbgtfgdy sf rnzbjuof pzgidfk. \tfog tid sf bjcnei zifvjcnvg trey i cnei ncfsbg.

FS-@]-9=

Dnglnv zizfg kus et slhnpgnvytjsdgnut vfdfr pnicnvigciof gi tfgdu.

P ppic, f gfnecr @JD, gi tfgdu vytjsdgfpnuzf ED], fbfdtrngjld pncpjs. Pnpigkppic neno.

FS-@]-99

Dnglnv zizfg kus et slhnpgnùganvit v pbgk jzofcgncufgk rfjku.

P ppic ùganvg vf zofcgncufgk rfjkukus zifvjcnvit trigsidlj cn 95= hncjg.P npigk ppic cn 38 hncjg.

J vf zofcgncufgk rfjku kf dnglnv zizfgzifvjcnvit trigsidlj ndikjt.

FS-@]-95

Dnglnv zizfg kus ukngjtgistivjt sbn dnglnvhn zizfg(pndbicghn ksti).

sbn dnglnvhn zizfg of ofcgk zcbfjtlhcio citnv vty.

FS-@]-9

Pibjcg]nicuof

zipnofgcnbjtfrjf>

Pypbuofdngtidtgjg`nrkilf

\nuhbis sfzicgk

cnpbuollhjg`nrkil>

Gfsnuhbis]ncduofzi

dngtrnbu

\nuhbis

Pypbuofcncitngjg`nrkilf

J/CJ

Gzfv prnvnznvgy

Icrfsi prnvnznvgy

]nzgkdi

Cruh jggnstj

_izgikfgviucjtgzzgik

dngtrnby

Of zicig @JD>

Dngtrnbuof

vibjcjtu @JD

Hbfc@JD prnzicigED]

_icig

Gfzicig

@JDgibfzfg>]rnvnznvgiv

zofcgncufgkrfjku>

Gfgibfzfg

tfgdistirgf 95=hncjg>

tfgdistirgf 38 hncjg>

_ofcgncufg rfjk

\tigcircgrfjk

\tir

\tir

95=hncjg

Kbic

38 hncjg

Nvuofzifvjcnvgtrigsidlfv FFS

Kbic

_ifvjcuof gfvibjcgtrigsidlj

Gf

_itk gfbzfurjtzci oftrigsidlfz ifvjcnvgi

Eybi trigsidlf

zifvjcnvgivFFSIgn

J] icrfsi dngtrnby

Cituk iis\bnu prn igibytjld kncub gi nchibnvg ìbfglhdngtrnb

Dngtrnbuof vbnfgciti

Nerzfd 95? Dngtrnbi tfgdy zdizgdfk


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]picy ujt

_dizgd

Dngtrnbuof tfgdu

Gntj`jduof dngtrnbg nrag

22jglbucf77

]bguof dngtrnbu

Ufajstruof cn bntfrjf

]rnvc dngtrnbu

22jglbucf77

22jglbucf77

22jglbucf77

_dbicgk ppicfk ujt of Dngtrnbuof tfgdu, dtfr of ebf prnlfsg rnzprilnvg. Cib ppicyujt osnu gsbfcuol

]bguof dngtrnbu


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Gihbfg gfnecrfg tfgdy zdizgdfk

]rnlfsg nebist, dtfr k gi stirnstj zprnstfcdnvg nzgkfg n gfvycig tfglf zdizgdfk cnjg`nrkighn systku FFS (J\ FFS).

Srey osnu fvjcnvgy vrklj ofcgntbjvlh ]N\ (]njgt n` \ibf), cbf pndbicgi. ]npbitgd k pnvjggnstdicnu tfgdu zifvjcnvit, to. zicit ofo dc cn J\ FFS, dtfr vfcf fvjcfglj tfgfd. P ppic, fpnpbitgd zdizgdnvj gfvyc tfgdu, ln of ofhn pnvjggnst, kus J\ FFS ukngjt tutn sdutfgnstnzgkjt. \tkjtn sdutfgnstj cbf priluo ncpnvcg nsney, dngtrnbnj, dtf gi zdbic tlhtnjg`nrkil prnvfcnu ppicgnu dngtrnbu pnpbitgdi (cib prnlfs).

dtj

Idtr vdngtfxtu fvjcfglf trfe ]npjsJ\ FFS ]jok jg`nrkilf n gfvycig tfglf, tytn jg`nrkilf zpriluof,

udbc of i afgfruof citi pntfeg prn dngtrnbu._dizgd Pdbc i upfsuof jg`nrkilf n pnpbitgdnvj, rfsp. prnvnznvg,

dcf ku gfeybi vycgi tfgdi.

]rivjcbi

\fzgik privjcfb, dtfr sf vztihuo dnhbinvg gfvycg tfgdy. _crnofk tlhtn privjcfb osnuidtubg pnstupy dngtrnbglh ic, tflhgjld i ojg nkfzfg zhbfcjsdi gvrhu `jgbghn systku.

Gzfv privjcbi ]npjs_dizgd gihbiuof gfvycignutfgdu.

J\ FFS kus ukngjt nzgkfg gfvycig tfgdy.

_dizgd jcfgtj`jduof J\ FFS ser jg`nrkilf gfzeytg djcfgtj`jdilj prnvnznvgy.


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JC ]nicivfd ]npjsN-9 Jg`nrkig systk FFS kus et

slhnpfg pjoit nzgkfg.Nzgkfgk of kybfgn pnsdytgut jg`nrkil nprnvnznvg, dcf pnpbitgd gfvycib tfgdu i

pnrujb tk sv pnvjggnstj.

N-5 ]n zicg nzgkfg kus systkprnvst ztntngg jg`nrkil ipndusjt sf n iutnkitjldnujcfgtj`jdilj pnpbitgdi.

P ppic zicg J/CJ of kng pfsg urfgpnpbitgdi i spnbfg sicrfsnu prnvnznvgy n ofojcfgtj`jdilj. P tnktn ppic systk vytvn zzgikn nzgkfg, sf dtfrk gsbfcg dngtrnbg nragpriluof. P ppic, f of zicig icrfsiprnvnznvgy i gzfv pnpbitgdi (prnvnznvgy),systk sf gi zdbic ziciglh icrfs vflh

prnvnznvfg pndus jcfgtj`jdnvit i ztntngjtpnpbitgdi i prnvnznvgu.

N-< J\ FFS kus ziojstjt zprilnvggfpfsglh nzgkfg.

P ppic, f of nzgkfg gfdnkpbftg, J\ FFSkus tntn zifvjcnvit i zpstupgjt prn cib rugzprilnvg.

N-3 J\ FFS kus ziojstjt gntj`jdilj prnpntfey dngtrnby.

]n ztntngg pnpbitgdi i prnvnznvgy systkziojst gntj`jdilj dngtrnbghn nragu, dtfr eucf

nzgkfg cbf prnvnvit.

N-6 J\ FFS gfsk ncktgnut nzgkfg J\ FFS kus pjoit dic nzgkfg, dtfr eucf ktvypbggy pnvjgg jg`nrkilf. P ppic, f gfeucfkng prnvst ztntngg, kus nzgkfgzilhnvit prn rug zprilnvg.


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Bnanvg ucbnst

]rnlfs eucf zizgikfgvit ofcgntbjv nzgkfg pkn oidn zoknv fgtjty. Bnanvg pstupu gfg

gutg, cnpnruuofkf bnanvg pstup i ofojlh ftgnst prn igibzu ppicglh `ibfglh tnd (gip.dngdurfglf).

]rnlfs Nzgkfg gfvycg tfgdy zdizgdnvj

]npjs drnd prnlfsu

9. _dizgd pjstnup gi `nrkub prn nzgkfg gfvycig tfgdy. @nrkub kf etrfibjznvg gi wfenvk pnrtbu, ppicg snust knejbg ipbjdilf.

5. _dizgd vypbg pnicnvig jg`nrkilf.

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\trigi 0< z 986

Dngtrnbi

tfgdy

_dizgd

J\

FFS

]ncduofzidngtrnbu

Dngtrnbuof zicigciti(`nrkbg

vibjcjti)

NesihuofCJ>

Nesihuof

Gfnesihuof

_tntnggpnpbitgdi

Pibjcilf icrfsy

Pibjcitf ivytypnvg

pnpbitgdgizdbic gzvu

]ndusn ztntngggizdbic gzvu i

icrfsy

_tntnggspg>

spg

_izgikfggnzgkgpnpbitgdi

Gfspg_izgikfgg

nzgkgprn rugzprilnvg

]jbnfgpvncghnzggnzgkg

Gntj jdilfdngtrnbghn

nraggu

]jstnup gi`nrkubnzgkfggfvycigtfgdy

Pypbgpnicnvigjg`nrkilfn pnpbitgdnvj iprnvnznvgf

Gzfv prnvnznvgy CJ/J Icrfsi (kstn ,ubjlf, sbn pnpjsg)

]nzgkdi U_

stdi

Cituk gdupu

Cruh jggnstj

Nerzfd 9

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]picy ujt

Nzgikuof gfvycignu

tfgdu

Gntj`jduof dngtrnbgnrag

Dngtrnbnr

]rnhb nzgkg

(tc, `jbtruof,gihb gi cftijb)

Nzgiuof nzgkgoidn zprilnvig

_tntnuof g fzprilnvignzgkg

]jrizuof nzgkg

prn zprilnvg

_dizgd

J\ FFS

_dbicgk ppicfk ujt of Nzgikuof gfvycignu tfgdu, dtfr of ebf prnlfsg rnzprilnvg.Cib ppicy ujt osnugsbfcuol

]rnhb nzgkfg (tc, `jbtruof, gihb gi cftijb)Dngtrnbnr v tnktn ppic ujt cjspnguof rnzhrigk, dtfr ku ukng gihbft gi ofcgntbjvnzgkfg prn pntfey cibhn zprilnvg. Nzgkfg of kng tcjt i `jbtrnvit cbf citi


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Dngtrnbi zf strigy @\ i L\

]rnlfsg nebist, dtfr k gi stirnstj dngtrnbg gdup. Dngtrnbnr prnvfcf gdup i dngtrn buof, zci eybsprvg zifvjcnvgi.

dtj

Idtr vdngtfxtu fvjcfglf trfe ]npjsJ\ FFS ]jok i dngtrnbuof jg`nrkilf n gdupu, tytn jg`nrkilf

zpriluof, udbc fvjcfglj n dngtrnbf.Dngtrnbnr Dngtrnbuof zifvjcnvg trey, vdbc i upfsuof jg`nrkilf n

vydngig dngtrnbf.J\ ICJ\ Nvuof rfajstrilj pnpbitgdi dcigk.

]rivjcbi

\fzgik privjcfb, dtfr sf vztihuo df dngtrnbgku gdupu. _crnofk tlhtn privjcfb osnu idtubgpnstupy dngtrnbglh ic, tflhgjld i ojg nkfzfg zhbfcjsdi gvrhu `jgbghn systku.

Gzfv privjcbi ]npjsDngtrnbnr nvuof pnicnvigrfajstrilf pnpbitgdi.

J\ FFS kus ukngjt zojtg jg`nrkilf, zci of pnpbitgdrfajstrnvg d cigj i rfajstrnvg v FFS.

J\ FFS jgtfaruof J\ ICJ\. ]rn zsdig jg`nrkilf n rfajstrilj d cigj of J\ FFS jgtfarnvg girnzhrig J\ ICJ\, dcf osnu tytn jg`nrkilf vfcfgy.

Dngtrnbnr zicv i nvuofjg`nrkilf z tfgdy

J\ FFS ser jg`nrkilf z tfgdy prn dngtrnbu.

J\ FFS jg`nrkuof n stivf`jsdibjzilf.

J\ FFS gi zdbic ziciglh cit jg`nrkuof, zci eybi treizifvjcnvgi.


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pitl dtnkutn pncpjsu (ojgkj sbnvy zci eybi treipncfpsgi lfrtj`jdtfk gbflk dngtrnbnvigkupnpbitgdnvj).

DG-6 J\ FFS kus ziojstjt zprilnvggfzifvjcnviglh trfe.

P ppic, f trei prnehbi v n``-bjgf rfjku, J\FFS kus gipbgnvit dngtrnbu eucnulhnzifvjcnvg pn upbygut zdngfk cf`jgnvig cney.

DG-0 J\ FFS kus vst fvjcfglj dngtrnb. J\ FFS kus nesihnvit fvjcfgg kncub, dcf osnuofcgntbjv dngtrnby fvjcnvgy. Cbfjt jg`nrkilfosnu zfokgi hjstnrjf dngtrnb pnpbitgdi, ucbfgsigdlf i ofojlh cvnc.

DG-1 J\ FFS kus nesihnvit rnzhrig

prn zpjs cn fvjcfglf dngtrnb._ cvncu vydngvg dngtrnb fbfdtrngjld fvjcfglf

trfe fxtfrgkj nragy (zfokgi Lfbg sprvnu),dtfr vyuvio vbistg J\ prn vfcfg fvjcfgldngtrnb, kus J\ FFS nesihnvit rnzhrig, dtfrukng zipsg prnehb dngtrnby, iey eybn kngzdngg ucbnvg sigdl.

DG-8 J\ FFS kus ziojstjt gntj`jdilj prnpntfey dngtrnby.

]n cncitfg vfrj`jdilj n``-bjgf trigsidlf systkziojst gntj`jdilj dngtrnbghn nragu, dtfr eucf cbfpndrinvit v dngtrnbf cbf vsbfcdu.

]npjs dnkugjdilf

Dngtrnbg gdup

Dngtrnbnr eucf cn J\ FFS zicvit tytn jg`nrkilf?

J/CJ pnpbitgdiEucf pnujtn prn nvfg rfajstrilj d cigj i rfajstrilj v FFS


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l. tfgdi eybi vycgi v n``-bjgf rfjkf dngtrnbnr zizgikfgv preh dngtrnby ipbguof cib dngtrnbu. \ystk piribfbg gipbguof dngtrnbu pnzcg fvjcfglf.Dngtrnbnr of jg`nrknvg n vsbfcdu, vril sf cn prnvnznvgy, dcf kf zrfibjznvit

cib gdup (systk vtnktn ppic zdngtrnbuof vibjcjtu @JD, ppicg pncpjs ivibjcjtu ED] i gfpbguof pnzcg dngtrnbu n``-bjgf fvjcfglf), bfajtjkuof sf i ucbuofppicgnu sigdlj. Gsbfcg zizgikfgv i cnpbuof jg`nrkilf dfvjcfggkuzzgiku dngtrnby.

1. Dngtrnbnr zicv jg`nrkilf n dngtrnbf cn systku ICJ\.

Kjgjstfrstvn jgigl fsd rfpuebjdy

\ j`jd o dt Fb dt j d jc t e

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\trigi 08 z 986

Dngtrnbi

tfgdy

Dngtrnbnr

J

\FFS

J\ICJ\

Gibfzfg

Nvuofrfajstriljpnpbitgdidcigj -

pjcbfgnCJ

\tir

\tir

NvuofrfajstriljvFFS

Nesihuof

tfgdi @JD>

Dngtrnbuof

vibjcjtu @JD

Hbfc@JD prnzicigED]

Ign

Gf

@JDgibfzfg>]rnvnznvgiv

zofcgncufgk

rfjku>Gfgibfzfg

tfgdistirgf 95=hncjg>

tfgdistirgf 38 hncjg>

_ofcgncufgrfjk

\tigcircgrfjk

95=hncjg

Kbic

38 hncjg

Nvuof zifvjcnvgtrigsidlfvFFS

Kbic

Gntj jduof dngtrnbgnrag

_icvciti prnnvfg rfajstrilf

dcigji FFU

_icvjg`nrkilfndngtrnbf cn

fvjcfglfdngtrnb

FFS

]rnvc dngtrnbggdup

Pycibpnpbitgdtfgdu>

Pycib

_icvjg`nrkilfztfgdyprn

dngtrnbu

zifvjcnvgjpnpbitgdfk

Gfvycib Bfajtjkuofsf

Of trigsidlf

zifvjcnvgivFFS>

GfzifvjcnvgiVcbuof sigdlj

_ifvjcnvgiPril zidnupfg

tnvir

]bguofcibdngtrnbu pnupbygut

cneyprnf vjcfglj

_icvjg`nrkilfndngtrnbf cnJ\ ICJ\

Nptnvgdngtrnbi>

Gf

]rnvc pjpicgcib gdup

Iutnkitjldy sfprnvc pnuzfpj prvgkgdupu, npidnvig gdup ey gfkb pbgnvit

dngtrnbu tfgdy.

Nerzfd 93? ]rnlfs dngtrnbg gdup


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p y


]picy ujt

Dngtrnbnr

]bguof n``bjgf nvfg

Pfcf fvjcfglj dngtrnb

22jglbucf77Nvuof vibjcjtu `jsdibjzilf

Gntj`jduof dngtrnbnriNvuof rfajstrilj

22jglbucf77

Fxtfrg J\

_dbicgk ppicfk ujt of Nvuof vibjcjtu `jsdibjzilf, dtfr of ebf prnlfsg rnzprilnvg. Cibppicy ujt osnu gsbfcuol

Nvuof rfajstrilj

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\pflj`jdilf nlhrigglh prvd FFSPykfzfg rnzsihu

]fcktfk spflj`jdilf nlhrigglh prvd FFS of vykfzfg dbnvlh nlhrigglh jg`nrkilsnuvjsfollh stfgdnu i tn oid vofo `yzjld (vytjtg) `nrk, tid vofo fbfdtrngjld `nrk (citnvvti). Cig spflj`jdilf nesifg cbf vtnktn cndukfgtu zihrguof?

stignvfg pnicivd gi nlhrigg prvdy

stignvfg vlhnzhn dnglfptu nlhrigglh prvd stignvfg nlhrigglh prvd stignvfg pnstupu tvnrey i vibjcilf vyeriglh nlhrigglh prvd stignvfg ibanrjtk pnujtlh prn nlhrigg prvdy i ofojlh sby stignvfg zpsneu prfzfgtilf nlhrigglh prvd.

]nicivdy gi nlhrigg prvdy FFS

\tignvfg pnicivd gi nlhrigg prvdy FFS vylhz zfzdbicghn dnglfpghn kncfbu FFS dcy?

9. prn vycg tfgdy zisb pnvjgg sueofdt fbfdtrngjldy tfgdu cn systku FFS i nfdvpntvrzfg ofohn pjoft i pjcbfg JC

5. necr-bj pntvrzfg, vystiv tfgdu npitfgnu zsdigk JC zdizgdnvj.

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N].F.]P.]N\.Pibjcilf Pystivjtfb tfgdy kus kt kngnst nvjt sj zf svhn pntvrzfg, f ofsdutfg vystivjtfbfk cig tfgdy i f gfcnbn dkncj`jdilj j

pndnzfg jg`nrkil tfgdy nprntj stivu, vf dtfrk oj vystivjtfbpntvrznvib.(Nvfg/vibjcilf vystivjtfbnvi pntvrzfg fbfdtrngjld tfgdy gistrig vystivjtfbf)

N].F.]P.]N\.\tnp Pystivjtfb kus kt kngnst (i pnvjggnst) vppic ndnbgnst(udngfg jggnstj, ztrti zizfg, pncfzfg gi gfdibnu jggnstzikstgiglf ipnc.) nzgkjt gfvibjcgnst cibhn vycvig pntvrzfgvystivjtfbf, df dtfr ey knhbn cnot v csbfcdu ciglh ndnbgnst.

N].F.]P.FFS.vibjcilf FFS kus kt kngnst nvjt sj zvystivjtfbnvi pntvrzfg tfgdy, fzisbiol j dngtrnbnvig sueofdt of sdutfg vystivjtfbfk cigtfgdy i f gfcnbn dkncj`jdilj j pndnzfg jg`nrkil tfgdynprntj stivu, vf dtfrk oj vystivjtfb pntvrznvib.(Nvfg/vibjcilf vystivjtfbnvi pntvrzfg fbfdtrngjld tfgdy gistrig FFS)

N].F.]P.FFS.\tnp FFS kus kt kngnst (i pnvjggnst) vppic ndnbgnst (udngfgjggnstj, nzgkfg vystivjtfbf ipnc.) ziojstjt drndy, dtfr ziojst,gfvibjcgnst cibhn vycvig pntvrzfg vystivjtfbf, df dtfr ey knhbn

cnot vcsbfcdu ciglh ndnbgnst.N].F.]F.FFS.jgtfarjti FFS of pnvjggn pfcignu vibjcg tfgdu pntvrcjt tidnvk zpsnefk,

iey tntn FFS pntvrzfg uknnvibn zojstjt kncj`jdilj j pndnzfgjg`nrkil zisbig tfgdy pntvrznvig zf strigy FFS nprntj stivu, vfdtfrk oj FFS pntvrznvibn.(Jgtfarjti pjoit fbfdtrngjld tfgdy gi strig FFS)

N].F.]F.FFS.Ncpnvfcgnst FFS of pnvjggn npitjt pfcignu vibjcg tfgdu pntvrcjt tidnvkzpsnefk, iey tntn FFS pntvrzfg gsbfcg uknnvibn nvjt, fpnlhz nc FFS i f sf vztihuof d pntvrznvig tfglf vf stivu vf

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N].F.]F.N\S.vibjcilf kngnst nvjt sj zpntvrzfg tfgdy nc FFS, f FFS of sdutfgpntvrznvitfbfk cig tfgdy i f gfcnbn d kncj`jdilj j pndnzfg

jg`nrkil pntvrznvig tfgdy nprntj stivu, vf dtfrk oj FFSpntvrznvib.(Nvfg/vibjcilf FFS pntvrzfg pjoit fbfdtrngjld tfgdy tftstrignu)

N].F.]F.N\S.vibjcilf Sft strigy kus kt (vyicuof-bj tn prnvnz i pnuvg FFS) kngnstnvjt sj zFFS pntvrzfg tfgdy, f pntvrznvitfbfk cig tfgdy ofsdutfg FFS i f gfcnbn dkncj`jdilj j pndnzfg jg`nrkiltfgdy nprntj stivu, vf dtfrk oj FFS pntvrznvibn.(Nvfg/vibjcilf FFS pntvrzfg pjoit fbfdtrngjld tfgdy tftstrignu)

]nicivdy gi nlhrigg prvdy FFS `yzjld `nrky tfgdy

]nicivdy gi nlhrigg prvdy FFS rfspfdtuol vf gizgifg dnglfpghn kncfbu FFS osnu prn`yzjldnu `nrku tfgdy stignvfgy gsbfcnvg?

JC pnicivdu \pflj`jdilf pnicivduN].@.]N\.Pizei Pystivjtfb `yzjld tfgdy of pnvjgfg gi gj ofcgnzgigk i

srnzukjtfbgk zpsnefk uvst vfdfr rfbfvigtg vzgikgjg`nrkilf tfgdy vftg jg`nrkil snuvjsfollh sofok vystivfgk(gip. is vystivfg, CJ, prnvnznvgi, ipnc.)1vf shnc scioj, dtfrosnu pfcvgy vfbfdtrngjld pncne tfgdy.(\rnzukjtfbg tjtg prfzfglf, pbgnst i ofcgnzgig vizeijg`nrkil gi `yzjld tfglf gi jg`nrkilf uvfcfg vfbfdtrngjld`nrk tfgdy)

N].@.]P.]N\.jgtfarjti Pystivjtfb tfgdy of pnvjgfg npitjt oj tidnvk pntvrzfgk(pntvrznvilk ciofk), iey tfgtn cio uknnvib zojstjt kncj`jdilj j

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N].@.]P.]N\.vibjcilf Pystivjtfb tfgdy kus kt kngnst nvjt sj, f cig pntvrzfg(pntvrznvil cio) of sdutfg pnzfg ok i f gfcnbn dkncj`jdilj j

pndnzfg jg`nrkil `yzjld tfgdy nprntj stivu, vf dtfrk ojvystivjtfb pntvrznvib.(Nvfg/vibjcilf vystivjtfbnvi pntvrzfg `yzjld tfgdy gi strigvystivjtfbf)

N].@.]F.FFS.JC FFS of pnvjggn pnsdytgnut vystivjtfbj gi zdbic pfcig vibjcgfbfdtrngjld tfgdy pntvrznvil jcfgtj`jdig cio, dtfrk npitvycivitfb psbugnu `yzjldnu tfgdu.(]nsdytgut JC tfgdy zf strigy FFS)

N].@.]P.N\S.vibjcilf Sft strigy kus kt (vyicuof-bj tn prnvnz i pnuvg FFS) kngnst

nvjt sj zpntvrzfg tfgdy vystivjtfbfk, f cig sueofdt of sdutfgvystivjtfbfk cig tfgdy i f gfcnbn dkncj`jdilj j pndnzfgjg`nrkil tfgdy nprntj stivu, vf dtfrk oj cig sueofdt pntvrznvib.(Nvfg/vibjcilf fbfdtrngjld tfgdy tft strignu)

\tignvfg vlhnzhn dnglfptu nlhrigglh prvd FFS

Dnglfpt ffg nlhrigglh prvd of snhbfcfk gi pntfey FFS, stignvfg pnicivdy gi nlhriggprvdy FFS i cnstupgnu bfajsbitjvg npnru (zfokgi zdng n fbfdtrngjldk pncpjsu i snuvjsfol),

zibnfg gi?

ofcgnzgig spflj`jdnviglh citnvlh vtlh prn fbfdtrngjld pfcvg tfgfd kfzjvystivjtfbj tfgfd i FFS oidntn pofklfk tfgfd (strudturi i nesih fbfdtrngjldypfcvig tfgdy).

ofcgnzgig spflj`jdnviglh pnvjgglh pnbndlh vytjtg tfgdy pfcvig ofokvystivjtfbfk zdizgdnvj oidntn ofoku pofklj (stignvfg pnvjgglh pnbnfd `yzjldyvytjtg tfgdy i pnicivd gi g).

vyujt dnglfptu ]DJ i tn zfokgi fbfdtrngjldhn pncpjsu 8 (s vyujtk isykftrjld

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\tignvfg nlhrigglh prvd

]rn pntfey FFS vsnubicu s pnicivdy gi nlhrigg prvdy FFS i gi zdbic vlhnzhn dnglfptunlhrigglh prvd FFS, eucnu vrklj FFS pnuvgy gsbfcuol nlhrigg prvdy?

Nlhrigg prvdy zikfg gi fbfdtrngjldnu vkgu citnvlh vt kfzj pnvjggkj sueofdty i]N\

XKB zprvy Jg`nrkil osnu pfcvgy `nrknu zprv v XKB `nrktu, ofojlh nesihfkosnu cf`jgnvig citnv vty.

Fbfdtrngjld pncpjsy Jg`nrkilf pfcvig vrklj zprv osnu neki strigikj fbfdtrngjldypncfpjsnvgy tid, iey eybi ziojtgi jgtfarjti tlhtn jg`nrkil (rfsp.

cftfdnvitfbgnst ofohn ppicghn girufg) i ncpnvcgnst ncfsjbitfb ziofojlh zisbg.

Jcfgtj`jdtnr zprv Ofcgntbjv zprvy osnu npitfgy vhncgkj jcfgtj`jdtnry tid, iey eybnkngn jcfgtj`jdnvit i fjt ppicg npidnvig zisbg zprv j gsbfcgvizey kfzj zprvikj.

isnv ciof Ofcgntbjv zprvy osnu npitnvgy isnvlh cioj.

Nlhrigg prvdy zikfg prjkrg gi nlhrigu jg`nrkil `yzjldhn vtjsdu tfgdy

ED] Efzpfgnstg dc pnvjgghn sueofdtu, dtfr uknuof spnbu s dcfkND] pjkfgnu nlhrigu jgtfarjty (rfsp. cftfdnvitfbgnst ofohnppicghn girufg) vzgikglh cio uvfcfglh gi vtjsdu tfgdy iprnsizuof ncpnvcgnst pnvjgghn sueofdtu zi ofo vystivfg. bnhnu ED]of pfcfvk prfzfgtnvitfbg i pnujtfbg pncnei cighn nlhrigghnprvdu. Efz pnujt ND] gfg siknstitg slhnpfg vf uvfcfg ziojstjt.ED] k t vbistgnstj cnstitfg ugjdtghn jcfgtj`jdtnru tfgdy sfsjbgnu vizenu gi ofohn vystivjtfbf i ofo nesih.

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Dc @JD of ffg siknstitg i gfg pfcktfk ttn spflj`jdilf.

Nlhrigg prvdy zikfg prjkrg gi nlhrigu jg`nrkil `yzjldhn vtjsdu tfgdy osnu zibnfgy gicvnojlj dc ED] i ND]. Nei tytn dcy osnu vcy zisbgy fbfdtrngjldnu lfstnu systku FFS v rkljcitnvlh vt. Gi `yzjldnu tfgdu of vcy tjtg ED] i vppic vycg vn``bjgf fjku t ND].

]j n``bjgf vycg tfgdy pnsdytuof dc ND] kngnst dngtrnby jgtfarjty i pvnclf tfgdy j zi stivu,dcy gfeybi tfgdi vfbfdtrngjld pncne cnrufgi cn systku FFS i of kngn pnut pnuzf `yzjld

vtjsd tfgdy.

ND] zisbig fbfdtrngjldy pj ngbjgf vycg uknuof nvfg ED] gi strig systku FFS.

Dc ND] of hncgntnu fbfdtrngjldhn pncpjsu vyeriglh vzgikglh cio, prfzfgtnviglhgsbfcg gi `yzjldk vtjsdu tfgdy. Of vytvnfg stigcircgk pnstupfk?

9. K ; vyerig vzgikg ciof prfzfgtnvig gsbfcg gi `yzjldk vtjsdu tfgdy5. H ; hish (K) ? hish dc cit C

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stignvfgy gsbfcuol prn dbnv pnujt nlhrigg prvdy cbf vttn dipjtnbf stignvfg ibanrjtky iofojlh sbi.

Fbfdtrngjld pncpjsy

]rn fbfdtrngjld pncpjsy eucf vrklj ffg FFS pnujtn slhkitu \HI-560/U\I5=38. Svnrei invnvg fbfdtrngjldlh pncpjs vsystku FFS eucf oidntn isykftrjldhn ibanrjtku pnuvitibanrjtkus U\I s cbdnu dryptnari`jldlh db 5=38 ejt i oidntn hishnvil `ugdlj ibanrjtkus \HI -560 z rncjgy ibanrjtk \HI5. Sntn piricjaki sf vztihuof t gi fbfdtrngjld pncpjsy v rkljlfrtj`jdt. Dngdrtg pntnk?

fbfdtrngjld pncpjs dnfgnvhn lfrtj`jdtu LI vf slhkitu \HI-560/U\I5=38 (ppicgkf et pnujtn vt cbdy dbf 3=:0 ejt - v ppic vlfrnvnv strudtury LI)

fbfdtrngjld pncpjs lfrtj`jdt systku FFS vf slhkitu \HI-560/U\I5=38 fbfdtrngjld pncpjs lfrtj`jdt ]N\ vf slhkitu \HI-560/U\I5=38 fbfdtrngjld pncpjsy vytvfg gi strig FFS sf slhkitfk \HI-560/U\I5=38 fbfdtrngjld pncpjsy vytvfg gi strig ]N\ (vftg fbfdtrngjldlh pncpjs prn pntfey

tvnrey dc ND] i zgjlh ncvnzfglh dc ED]) sf slhkitfk \HI-560/U\I5=38.

Hishnvil ibanrjtkus prn tvnreu dcu ED]

]rn tvnreu efzpfgnstghn dcu ED] z dcu ND] eucf snhbfcfk gi gutgnst pjoitfbg i prn neigikntjvuol cbdy vytjtg pncney ED] pnujtn hishnvilhn ibanrjtku \HI9.

Jcfgtj`jdtnry

]rn tvnreu jcfgtj`jdtnr eucf prjkrg vyujtn vhncg `nrky VVJC cbf psbuglh stigcirc. Ofcgsf zfokgi n ppicy typu jcfgtj`jdtnry zisbiglh zprv. Pf vyeriglh ppicflh knhnu ktjcfgtj`jdtnry j prvdy dtfr kio t `ugdlj jcfgtj`jdtnr j ojgnu dngstrudlj (vjz gip ED])

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\ nhbfcfk gi vnbfg ibanrjtky stignvfg dipjtnbnu = \tignvfg ibanrjtk pnujtlh prn nlhriggprvdy i ofojlh sbyof zdbicg ejgrg cbdi nlhrigglh prvd ED] i ND] gsbfcuol?

Nlhrigg prvfd Dryptnari`jld slhki Ejgrg cbdi v eytflhED] \HI9 5=

ND] \HI-560/U\I5=38 560

Nei nlhrigg prvdy kio lhiridtfr ejgrg jg`nrkilf rfsp. ftzlf eyt i gfosnu tfcy pknrfprfzfgtnvitfbg gi `yzjldk vtjsdu tfgdy. Nei nlhrigg prvdy ED] i ND] tfcy vyicuospflj`jldnu `nrku prfzfgtilf.

_gidnv rfprfzfgtilf dc

\ nhbfcfk gi ofojlh cbdu i pnicivfd gi spnrgnu rfprfzfgtilj gfg vhncg pnujt stigcircggfobpf pfhbfcg i jtfbg prfzfgtilf vf `nrk hfxicfljkbghn zpjsu v 90 zgidnv sic T= :, i-`[, gfen hfxicfljkbg prfzfgtilf zcvnogsneuof ejgrg cbdu vstupu. ]rntn of vnbfgi prfzfgtilfdcnvgk EI\F03.

Pylhz sf zf stigcircg 03 zgidnv sicy T= :, i`, I_, /, +[. \tigcircg dcnvg EI\F03 of

cbf rfcudnvgn n pnujt pntfgljbglh zvrfglh zirnvgvillh zgid ;, dtfr ey ojgid eyby prncig cbdy vstup vdbcgy (vstupy ey eyby stigcircg cnpbnvgy ofcgk zirnvgvilk zgidfkv ppic ED] i cvki zirnvgvilkj zgidy vppic ND]). Psbfcg prfzfgtilf dcu vf zgidnvpncne eucf pjoitfbg pfhbfcg i jtfbg i snuisg nprntj hfxicfljkbgku zpjsu vrizgspnrgo.

Psbfcg prfzfgtilf nlhrigglh prvd of tfcy vnbfgi gsbfcnvg?

Nlhrigg prvfd Dcnvg Psbfcg pnft prfzfgtnviglh zgidED] EI\F03 3<

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v ppic pntfey vycg tfgdy v ngbjgf kcu eucf `yzjld tfgdi nesihnvit ED] vfzgidnv pncne i cbf virjigtg ND] vf zgidnv pncne gfen YU dc nesihuol t ND].

Dipiljti YU dc (neofk rfprfzfgtnvitfbg jg`nrkilf - pnft "zgid") sf vrizg bj cbfofcgntbjvlh typ (9 i 3=), cbf vfbjdnstj zgidnv sicy udbcig jg`nrkilf i cbf rnvg dnrfdlf lhye(slhnpgnst vsbfcghn YU dcu ncnbvit lhyek/dvibjt/pndnzfg vtjsdu j gsbfcghntfg/sdfgnvg). YU dcy svysndnu dipiljtnu stnvfd i tjsl zgid osnu "hust" i vyicuo vydvibjtu vytjtg i/gfen vt pbnlhu vytjtg. ]nujtfbg dipiljti YU dcu prn pntfey systku FFSeucf cn zgig kry cgi cnstupgnu dvibjtnu tjsdu i cnstupgk tjsdnvk prnstnrfk u zizfgvycviollh gi strig pnvjgglh sueofdt `yzjld tfgdy.

Nptjkbgk lbfk, of ziojstjt YU dcfk rfprfzfgtilj gfofg dc ED], ND] i @JD, ibf tid vbistglhvzgikglh cio tfgdy. Ptidnvk ppic of gutgn uvinvit sdipiljtnu lli 9=== zgid jrzgidnv sicy.

]dbic rfprfzfgtilf

Pf spflj`jdnvig `nrki rfprfzfgtilf vfcf dftzlk, ofojlh pncnei of uvfcfgi gi gsbfcuolkpdbicu, dtfr of t cnpbgg n ibtfrgitjvg rfprfzfgtilj YU dcfk (dcnvgn of spnofg ED] i ND]prn pntfey pdbicu vpncne ED]?. ND]?)?

Nlhriggprvfd

Dcnvg Psbfcg ftzfl d tjsdu Psbfcg YU dc

ED] EI\F03 X=_5b1BsBOlEV]hVAQ5tQl0LSkK

ND] EI\F03 hjStrr/C6uv9AxhXhn\r`wv`Z:0Xp_y9HGYfF88j

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Sflhgjld i tflhgnbnajld ffg prnofdtuBnajld ipbjdig slhki ipbjdilf FFS of cf`jgnvgn pnicivdy ofcgntbjvlh cf`jgjl prnlfs, dtfrkio et vrklj `ugdljngibjty ipbjdilf ziojtgy.

P prvg `zj rfibjzilf prnofdtu FFS sf ziojuof prnstfc prn gsbfcuol prnlfsy?

9. Ufajstrilf i fvjcfglf cio i lfrtj`jdt n pnvjggk sueofdtu

5. Fvjcfglf trfe

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Bnajld irlhjtfdturi ipbjdilf

Nerzfd 96? Bnajld irlhjtfdturi FFS

Vjvitfb prnstfc FFS

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Fvjcfglf LIn Vjvitfbsd rnzhrig fvjcfglf pnvjgglh sueofdtn Vjvitfbsd rnzhrig vystivfg pnicnviglh lfrtj`jdt

zfg pstupn Fvjcfglf ujvitfbsdlh pstup fvjcnviglh pnvjgglh sueofdt

Ghbfcy gi tfgdun Vjvitfbsd rnzhrig ghbfc gi tfgdy

Dngtrnbg nragyn Vjvitfbsd rnzhrig prn dngtrnbg nragy A@ i AL

Libb Lfgtruk

n Vjvitfbsd rnzhrig prn pntfey prilnvgd LibbLfgtri _dizgjld hbfg

n Vjvitfbsd rnzhrig zdizgjldlh hbfg n lhyelh tfgfd Bntfrjf

n Vjvitfbsd rnzhrig istgd bntfrjf E5E rnzhrig rnzhrig prn gipnofg gi J\C\, _dbicg rfajstry, Lzflh]njgt

Citnv i ipbjdig vrstvi

_ hbfcjsdi citnv vrstvy osnu v snuisg cne citi udbcgi?

v citnvk bnjtj vyeucnvigk vrklj prnofdtu FFS spnicivdfk rfpbjdilf cit kfzjcvki citnvkj bnjtj. Citnv bnjt eucnu ukstgi vf cvnu nccbfglhtflhgnbnajldlh prnstnrflh v bndibjt citnvhn lfgtri \]L\\

Hbivgk lbfk v citnv nebistj of dngsnbjcnvit, sofcgntjt i jgtfarnvit tflhgnbnajf citnvlh bnj(cbf C) gi ezj gnv eucnvighn citnvhn bnjt pj cncrfg zsicy nlhrigy oj vygibnfglhjgvfstjl, sofcgnlfg ziefzpffghn pstupu d citk.

Kj j t t `j d ebjd

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n Dngtrnby i sigdlf

n Iucjtg zzgikyn Bntfrjf

Unzhrig A@ jgtfrg ujvitfbsd rnzhrig prn zikstgiglf A@ i AL, \frvjlfcfsd\]L\\, Libb lfgtruk prn vffognst

n Iarfanvig i igibytjld ciof

]rfzfgtig vrstvi

Ipbjdig vrstvi eucf tvnfgi sfrvfrnvnu `irknu, gi dtfr eucf prnvnznvgn ipbjdig prnstfc FFS

s pnicnvignu rfcugcigl i `ugdljngibjtnu.

_dbicfk prfzfgtig vrstvy of ujvitfbsd pnrtb prfzfgtuol ofcgntbjv ujvitfbsd rnzhrig prngdnbjd sdupjg ujvitfb systku i rnzhrig E5E prn rfibjzilj sbufe fvjcfglf tfgfd. Vjvitfbsdpnrtb i E5E rnzhrig of nc sfef bnajldy i `yzjldy nccbfgn tid, iey gfcnlhzfbn d nvbjvnvgprnvnzu givzofk.

Unzhrig?

E5Ednkugjdig rnzhrig cfcjdnvig prn dnkugjdilj s]N\

Fvjcfglf i LI iutnrjznvig ujvitfbsd rnzhrig prn fvjcfglj pnvjgglh sueofdt ilfrtj`jdig iutnrjtu

Illfss kigiafkfgtsprvi ujvitfbsdlh pstup

Ghbfc gi tfgdugfiutnrjznvig rnzhrig prn ghbfcy gi ofcgntbjv tfgdy

LibbLfgtrukiutnrjznvig rnzhrig prn sbuey pnsdytnvig fxtfrgk cncivitfbfk sbufe

Dngtrnby iutnrjznvig rnzhrig prn dngtrnbg nragy A@

Kj j t t `j d ebjd

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Kftrjdy

systku

Cbf of uvfcfgi zdbicg sici kftrjd?

Cnstupgnst dbjfgtsdhn rnzhrig vrfjku 53/1,

Cnstupgnst citnvlh sbufe vrfjku 53/1,

]npjs ]nft Ofcgntdi

]nzgkdi

]nft tfgfd zi rnd 9= 6== === ===,== ds]nft tfgfd zi cfg

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]nicnvig prnvnzg i \B pirikftry

]nrtb prn pnvjgg sueofdty i vffognstn prnvnzg cnei 53x1n cnstupgnst v prnvnzg cne ::,:%

Q\ rnzhrig prn `jsdibjziljn prnvnzg cnei 53x1n

cnstupgnst v prnvnzg cne ::,::%

Unzhrig prn `rngt-n``jlfn prnvnzg cnei 8,6x6n cnstupgnst v prnvnzg cne ::,:%

P rklj gvrhu irlhjtfdtury osnu pnicnvgy gsbfcuol prnvnzg pirikftry sbufe ofcgntbjvlhvrstfv irlhjtfdtury (\BI pirikftry)?

Citnv vrstvin prnvnzg cnei 53x1n cnstupgnst v prnvnzg cne ::,::%

Ipbjdig vrstvin prnvnzg cnei 53x1n cnstupgnst v prnvnzg cne ::,::%

]rfzfgtig vrstvi (@rngtfgc)


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sbnsbuey

Ditfanrjf sbuey Airigtnviglfbdnv

cnstupgnst %

Airigtnviglfbdnv cneinegnvy Thnc[

]rnvnzg cnei sbuey

9 ]rnvnz sbufe dnkugjdigjg`ristrudtury

::,:: 5 ]nGf =?==53?==

5 ]rnvnz HQ i \Q

jg`ristrudtury

::,:: 5 ]nGf =?==53?==

< ]ncpnri pnvjgglhsueofdt

::,: 3 ]nGf 1?==91?==

Cf`jgjlf cnstupgnstj

Cnstupgnst sbueysf rnzuk?

]nsdytnvitfb airigtuof, f vflhgy pnicnvig systkycbf cf`jgnviglh sbufe, tfcy ofcgntbjv \Qi HQ i dnkugjdilf eucnu cnstupg, tfcy slhnpg prnvnznvit cignu sbueu.

Hbivg drjtrjuk cnstupgnstj ?

\buei of pnvinvgi zi gfcnstupgnudcy?

J. Vjvitfb nzgk tutn sdutfgnst ]rnvnznvitfbjJJ. ]rnvnznvitfb pntvrc gfcnstupgnst sbuey


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Cnstupgnst ofcgntbjvhn systku cnstjof ?

cnstj ; T 9 - Sgfcnst / (pnft hncjg v kslj) [ * 9== %

dcf

Sgfcnst cnei pn dtfrnu of ofcgntbjv \ystkgfcnstupg vhncjglh zi ksl. Cnei

gfcnstupgnstj of zipntfgi znecnepnicnvig prnvnzg cney sbuey.]nicnvig prnvnzg cnei sbuey of =?== 53? == vf vflhgy cgy

_itfd Sgfcnst Cnei sf zig kjt v ndikjdu nhbfg. ]nduc tfgtn ndikjd gfgv pnicnvig prnvnzg cne sbuey, pnt sf nc gfoebjhn (isnvgsbfcuolhn) zihofg prnvnzg cney sbuey.

Dngfl Sgfcnst Jgljcfgt sf udng vndikjdu dcy systk j sbuei of npt cnstupg pncbf

cf`jgjlf cnstupgnstj. Unzhncuol of is fvjcnvig gi \frvjlfCfsdu.Nptnvg cnstupgnst sbuey kus et cnbnjtfbg gi zdbic kngjtnrjgau ispbgg pnicnviglh pirikftr systk. Pppic f udngfg jgljcfgtu

gistigf kjkn rnzsih pnicnvig prnvnzg cney sbuey, pid sf zipntvudngfg gfoebjhn (isnv pfclhnzhn) udngfg prnvnzg cney sbuey.

Lfbdnv cnstupgnst sbuey of?

CN\S ; cnstj / g

Dcf


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\pflj`jdilf prnvfcfgcftijbg igibzy

]rvg nebistj rfibjzilf vffog zidzdy of prnvfcfg cftijbg igibzy vztifg d rfibjzilj ]rnofdtu FFSrfspfdtjvf rfibjzilj ofcgntbjvlh `ugdljngibjt ]rnofdtu FFS.

Nesih igibzy

Nesihfk igibzy i vstup eucf zpfsgg zpsneu rfibjzilf ttn zidzdy, zfokgi pntnk?

Cftijbg pnpjs jcfgtj`jdilf vjg`nrkiglh systkflh _icivitfbf prn jg`nrkig sbueypuebjdnvig vprnstfc FFS.

Cftijbg pnpjs prnlfsu rfibjzilf ofcgntbjvlh cntiz vf vize gi sbuey pnsdytnvig]rnofdtfk FFS?

n E5E pstup, AVJ pstup, Q\ (wfe sfrvjlfs) pstup,

Ofcg sf n cftijbg spflj`jdilj tflhgjld rfibjzilf. ]npjs prnlfsu rfibjzilf jg`nrkiglhsbufe puebjdnviglh gi FFS.

Cftijbg zpsne rfibjzilf ofcgntbjvlh jg`nrkiglh sbufe

n ditfanrjf jg`nrkiglh sbufe (fvjcfglf, cntiz rylhb, cntiz pnkib, itc.),n pntfeg citnv zcrnof prn rfibjzilj jg`nrkig sbuey,

n zpsne rfibjzilf ncpnvcj prn ofcgntbjv pnicnvig jg`nrkig sbuey,

n cf`jgjlf rnb (sdupjgy ujvitfb) vftg pjizfg djg`nrkigk sbuek,

n pnft ujvitfb (dbjfgt) i trigsidl (cntiz) prn dicnu jg`nrkig sbueu vftgpfcpndbicu gehnv djvdy tlhtn pnt,

_ c d ] o dt FFS j ` t dt o o jt o


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Gutg snujggnst prn rfibjzilj igibzy

_icivitfb pfcpndbc, f vyerigku Vlhizfj, dtfr eucf rfibjznvit tutn zidzdu, prn rfibjziljigibzy pnsdytgf snujggnst zf strigy gsbfcuollh nraigjziglh ofcgntfd i prilnvgd?

\]L\\,

airigt ncenrglh iafgc A@,

vbistgd cit ncenrglh iafgc A@ zfokgi systku ICJ\,

prvglh i kftncjldlh ncenr K@Ui A@,

Cbf _icivitfb ziojst snujggnst zf strigy \]L\\ zfokgi vnebistflh?

dnkugjdig jg`ristrudtury,

ofcgntg rfajstrilf, jcfgtj`jdilf i iutnrjzilf prn prilnvgdy A@ i AL.

Sflhgjld spflj`jdilf FFS

FFS eucf ofcjgnu efzpfgnu vstupg vstupg erignu prn dnkugjdilj v nebistj fvjcfglf tfgfd.

Dbjfgtsd rnzhrig eucf pnsdytnvit sbuey, citi i jg`nrkilf prn zikstgiglf A@, vffognst,pnvjgg sueofdty i snuisg eucf uknnvit j dnkugjdig digby prn zsdvg jg`nrkil nc tftlhstrig (fxtfrglh zcrno) prn pntfey jgtfrglh ncenrglh ipbjdil. Gipnofg systku FFS gi systk_dbicglh Ufajstr pn pntfeu nvnvg icrfs rfajstrnviglh prnvnznvfg.

Pizey i rnzhrig systku FFS

Pizey dnkugjdiglh i nstitglh jg`nrkiglh systk (gi systk FFS i ndnb) osnu zgznrggy vgsbfcuolk slhkitu?


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Nebist rnzhrig

pbit`nrki prn zfg idngtrnbu prnlfs i

sbufe FFS (F\E)

Unzhrig E5E

J\C\

Citnvslhrgdy

]kvkgi cit s]N\

Lzflh ]njgt

Unzhrig

Lzflh ]njgt

]nrtb -

rnzhrig prndnkugjdilj s

dbjfgty

Dbjfgtj`yzjld nsney

Unzhrig prndnkugjdil

Dngtrnbnj

Lfrtj`jdigiutnrjti

ICJ\

Ipbjdigprnstfc FFS

LJ\


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Unzhrig prn rfibjzilj seru tfgfd i ofojlh dngtrnbu i fvjcfglj

E5E rnzhrig of hbivgk vdnggk rnzhrigk gi dtfr osnu dbicfgy fxtrkg grndy. Unzhrig prnzdizgjldnu dngtrnbu i rnzhrig prn dngtrnbg prilnvgdy A@ of rfibjznvgn vrklj pnrtbnvhnffg i ziojuo pstup dofcgntbjvk ciok n fvjcnviglh tfgdlh.


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@ugdg cfdnkpnzjlf

@ugdg cfdnkpnzjlf vylhz zf ziojtg hbivglh lb ]rnofdtu FFS. ]ncrnego pnpjs ùgdljngibjtyofcgntbjvlh dnkpngfgt of zfok zpnpjs prnlfs. @ugdljngibjtu ]rnofdtu FFS tvn 6 zdbicglhùgdglh nebist?

Nerzfd 91? @ugdg cfdnkpnzjlf FFS

Dnkpngfgty ]rnofdtu FFS

Cncvdi i jkpbfkfgtilf ffg (prnstfc) FFS to. ver vhncg pbit`nrky prn rfibjzilj dbjfgtsdhnrnzhrig, cncg vhncglh \Q dnkpngfgt FFS i jkpbfkfgtilf FFS (prnvfcfg jgstibilf,lustnkjzilf, dng`jaurilf, tfstnvg) cn prnstfc _icivitfbf, zfokgi?

]nrtbFbfdtrngjld

vkgi cit

]ncpnri dbjfgt Cnpbgg

ùgdljngibjty

ipbjdilDnkugjdilf

zikstgigl


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Kngjtnrjga

Efzpfgnst \frvjlf cfsd

Libb lfgtruk

]nsbg stivnvlh i trigsidglh jg`nrkil cn bnjt prn pntfey iucjtu

Iutnrjzilf i iutfgtjzilf.

]nrtbnv ffg

]nrtbnv ffg kus uknnvit cf`jgnvigk zpsnefk jkpbfkfgtnvit pnsdytnvig sbuey(`ugdgnstj), dtfr pnknl wfenvhn rnzhrig (QQQ) eucnu cnstupg cf`jgnvigk sdupjgkujvitfb.

]rjkrg eucf sbnujt prn dnkugjdilj E5L i E5E eucf siknstitg prf`frnvig dnkugjdig digbprn ser tfgfd.

Kfzj zdbicg pnicnvig `ugdgnstj pit?

\gicg i rylhb jkpbfkfgtilf ujvitfbsdhn rnzhrig prn gnv jgtfridtjvg sbuey. \gicg cf`jgjlf i zkgi ari`jldhn kigubu ujvitfbsdhn rnzhrig.

Ofcgnculh zkgi ujvitfbsdhn vzhbfcu gi rnvgj nesihu prn ofcgntbjv ujvitfbsdsdupjgy i typy zizfg.

\trgdy eucnu pbg dnkpitjejbg kjgjkbg prn prnhbff

Jgtfrgftnv rnzhrig?

JF ( c t o 9)


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]nsdytnvig sbuey Q\

]nsdytnvig sbuey kus et cnstupg kjgjkbg pnknl rnzhrig wfenvlh sbufe (Q\) i eucnuprjkrg urfgy prn dnkugjdilj E5E (vkgu cit kfzj systky).

]nicnvig stigcircy?

HSS]/HSS]\.

\NI].

Q\CB.

Cnpbuol stigcircy?

XKB, X\C, VCCJ.

UF\S.

Illfss Kigiafr kus uknnvit tytn zdbicg typy iutfgtjzilf?

Vjvitfbf wfenvhn dbjfgtsdhn pnrtbu gi zdbic?

n Bnajg/]isswnrc ]stupnvhn dbf snkfzfgnu cnenu pbitgnstj (NS]),

Vjvitfbf (dngzukfgty) sbuey pnsdytnvig FFS gi zdbic?

n Bnajg/]isswnrc,

n pstupnvhn dbf snkfzfgnu cnenu pbitgnstj (NS]),


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p y


Nerzfd 98? Fgtfrprjsf \frvjlf Eus

E5E (cfcjdnvig prn ser tfgfd)

P rklj ffg FFS eucf E5E hbivg rnzhrig prfzfgtnvgn oidn fxtfrg sbuei prn pjokg cit(tfgfd).


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p y


Lfrtj`jdig iutnrjti

Lfrtj`jdig iutnrjti (cbf ofg LI) of eucnvgi prn ziojtg `ugdlf systk Fbfdtrngjld fvjcfglftrfe (cbf ofg FFS). fbfk LI FFS of vycvit lfrtj`jdty ]nvjggk sueofdtk (cbf ofg ]N\) ilfgtrbgk systkk FFS (cbf ofg L\). Sytn lfrtj`jdty osnu cbf pnuvgy d pncfpjsnvg (ziojtgjgtfarjty i gfpnpjritfbgnstj) citnvlh vt, ncfsbiglh ]N\y cn FFS i ginpid.

Lfrtj`jdig iutnrjti ]DJ i ofo ffg kuset givrfgi gi zdbic efzpfgnstglh pnicivd oidncvnurnvnv irlhjtfdturi sf ziojtgk nlhrigy dbnvlh prvd systku.

_dbicg sn`twirnv dnkpngfgty ]DJ vyuvio npfg-snurlf bjlfglf, ln pnzjtjvg nvbjvuof gdbicygi pnzfg, prnvnz i uparicf._rnvf kus et cegn, f pnujt prvdy gfeucnu kt gfaitjvg vbjvgi dbnv stj systku, zfokgi gi efzpfgnst cit.

Ebndnv slhki

LI FFS LfrtCE / UI J\C\

Lzflh]njgt

LI FFS

Lnk\UP / @Q


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p y


]nicivdy gipfgns cit

Eucfkf-bj pfcpndbcit, f ofcgi cnst j ofcfg lfrtj`jdt kio vfbjdnst 9 dE i st prnocf 9= cnst i9= lfrtj`jdt zi sfdugcu, ofcg sf n pfgns 5= dE/s, ln of hncgnti efz prnebku cnsihnvigbndbgkj j rnzshbkj stkj.

Pyujt cnhbfc

u

LI FFS kus et v prnvnzu gfpftrjt. Giprnst vtjgi npfril vid eucf prnehit iutnkitjldy,efz gutgnstj bjcsdhn zsihu. P kjknprilnvg cne vid kus et ziojtg cnhbfc gic prnvnzfk LIi UI. Cnhbfc kus kt kngnst jg`nrknvit nsney v cvryhncglh rnblh, ppicg vyicnvit

pncpnru cncivitfbf v ppic kjkncg sjtuilf.

]nicivdy gi hircwirf

LI FFS v uspncg v prjgljpu ncpnvciolk ebndnvku slhkitu eucf rfibjznvgi vf cvnujcfgtjldlh jgstigllh, gizviglh Hbivg i _bng i tft, `ugdg shncgnu jgstiglj Sfstnvil /dnbl, ivid s gjkj vdngnvkj pnicivdy. Jgstibilf Hbivg i _bng jgstiglf of cnpnrufgn giafnari`jldy ojglh bndibjtlh. Sfstnvil / dnbl LI FFS eucf nesihnvit givl j gdnbjd tfstnvillhsystk ]N\ gi rzglh pbit`nrklh. Snku kus ncpnvcit gvrh hircwirnvhn ffg.

]fcpndbc sf, f dic LI FFS eucf ffgi oidn sici sfrvfr i ojglh zizfg, ukstglh vfspnbfg 9: pstrnonv sdgj. Sitn sd eucf ukstgi v tflhgnbnajldlh prnstnrlh s `yzjldk irfjknvk ziefzpffgk. Nesbuhi i cnhbfc eucnu prnvcgy vzcbfg, pnknl prilnvglh stigjl igipnofgk gi `ugdlf cnhbfcnvhn stfcjsdi.

Sft, Sfstnvil / dnbl jgstiglf LI FFS eucf uvgi prn tfstnvg sn`twirf i prn dnbfg nesbuhy.

\trudturi jgstigl lfrtj`jdig iutnrjty ]DJ


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y


]irikftr systku Kftrjdi Hncgnti prndnfgnvnu LI Hncgnti prn dnglnvnu LI

Irlhjtfdturi LI

]nft vrstfv lfrtj`jdiglh iutnrjt cv vrstvy

]nft jgstigl ]nft ofcgntbjvlh jgstigl lfrtj`j-diglh iutnrjt vofcgntbjvlh vrstvlh

9 5

Ibanrjtkus prn tvnreufbfdtrngjldlh pncpjs

Dnkejgilf prjkjtjvglh dryptnari`jldlhkflhigjsk, pnknl gjlh systkafgfruof fbfdtrngjld pncpjsy.

U\I + \HI-560 U\I + \HI-560

Pfbjdnst dbf LI Cbdi ejtnvhn ftzlf, dtfr tvnsnudrnk db lfrtj`jdig iutnrjty

3=:0 ejt 5=38 ejt

]bitgnst lfrtj`jdtu LI Kixjkbg cnei pbitgnstj lfrtj`jdtu lfrtj-`jdig iutnrjty.

9= bft 0 rndy

Idtjvg necne lfrtj`jdtuLI

Cnei, pn dtfrnu osnu cigk lfrtj`jdtfkLI pncfpjsnvgy vystivnvig dbjfgtsdlfrtj`jdty.

3 bft < bft

]bitgnst vycviglhdbjfgtsdlh lfrtj`jdt Cnei, pn dtfrnu osnu pbitg vycviglfrtj`jdty urfg prn sueofdty gfen JSsystky

G/I kix. < rndy sueofdtkix. 5 rndy systk

]rnvnzg pirikftry

]irikftr systku Kftrjdi Hncgnti prndnfgnvnu LI

Hncgnti prn dnglnvnu LI


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Ufajstrig prnlfcury

LI FFS of lfrtj`jdig iutnrjtnu prn ]N\y i L\. Ufajstrig prnlfcury LI FFS rfibjzuof suesystkUI FFS.

Ufajstrilf pnvjgglh sueofdtu

N rfajstrilj i gsbfcg n lfrtj`jdt knhnu cit ]N\ pncbf pjprivnvighn _dngi n fvjcfglj trfe iL\.

_cf of tfei uvst, f gfpbit, f ofcfg ]N\ ; ofcfg lfrtj`jdt. _fokgi vt ]N\ knhnu cit nvlf lfrtj`jdt, gipdbic prn ofcgntbjv prnvnznvgy gfen j ofcgntbjv ksti prn pofk hntnvnstj

(pndbicgy). Sidnvtn sueofdt sf siknstitgk lfrtj`jdtfk cbf gizvkf Dbjfgt ]N\ (D]N\).

Ntzdi rfajstrilf dbjfgt of zlf spoiti s prnebfkitjdnu prvntg cnstj n lfrtj`jdt. Pzhbfcfk dkgnstv nfdviglh dbjfgt eucf ofojlh rfajstrilf prnvcgi iutnkitjznvig. _tntngg icitfbf,dtfrk of prvgjld gfen `yzjld nsnei, sf pfcpndbc gsbfcuolkj zpsney?

_isbg cnstj n rfajstrilj prnstfcgjltvk citnv slhrgdy (J\C\), tn zfokgi v ppicprvgjldlh nsne,

zisbg cnstj prnstfcgjltvk sbufe Lzflh]njgt, tn zfokgi prn `yzjld nsney N\P.

zisbg cnstj pncfpsig dvibj`jdnvigk fbfdtrngjldk pncpjsfk prnstfcgjltvk wfenvlhsbufe.

_ tlhtn cio vytvn rfajstrig iutnrjti LI FFS ofcjgfg dc dichn D]N\, dtfr eucf nesifgv pnbj LHU ofhn lfrtj`jdtu. UI FFS vyc Unzhncgut n rfajstrilj. P rnzhncgut n rfajstrilj of uvfcfgiLIU jcfgtjti systku LI FFS i LHU jcfgtjti D]N\. Gipbgg pnb LHU kus et upfsggn pfczipnftk vvnof LI FFS.

]rn pncpnru rfajstrilf D]N\ kus et jkpbfkfgtnvgy tytn pnstupy?


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\prvi D]N\

LI FFS, rfsp. ofo rfajstrig iutnrjti, kus cjspngnvit sn`twirnvkj gstrnoj gi sprvu cit vthnpntu rfajstrnviglh D]N\. Pf sprv D]N\ kus et zihrguty tytn pnstupy?

Ufajstrilf dbjfgtigstrno gi zivfcfg gnvhn dbjfgti

]rnhbfg dbjfgt

Fcjtilf dbjfgtiprivi rfajstriglh cio

Ebndnvg dbjfgti ziebndnvg dbjfgti kus zgfkngjt vycg lfrtj`jdtu prn dbjfgti

Ncebndnvg dbjfgti.

_priln

vg cnstj n lfrtj`jdt nc D]N\, vycg lfrtj`jdtu

]n rfajstrilj D]N\ of kngn zprilnvvit cnstj n lfrtj`jdt nc J\Z.

Cbfjtnu ntzdnu of nvfg jcfgtjty icitfbf i privnstj cnstj pj prvntg cnstj n lfrtj`jdt. Gisdtsf gdnbjd kngnst ffg.

_isbg cnstj n rfajstrilj prnstfcgjltvk citnv slhrgdy (J\C\), tn zfokgi v ppic

prvgjldlh nsne _isbg cnstj prnstfcgjltvk sbufe Lzflh]njgt, tn zfokgi prn `yzjld nsney N\P

_isbg cnstj pncfpsig dvibj`jdnvigk fbfdtrngjldk pncpjsfk prnstfcgjltvk wfenvlhsbufe.

Pycg gsbfcghn lfrtj`jdtu v cne pbitgnstj lfrtj`jdtu

Nvfg jcfgtjty pj zprilnvg cnstj n gsbfcg lfrtj`jdt of prnvfcfgn s vyujtk pfclhnzhn


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]nicnvig ujt rnzhrig L

Nerzfd 59? ]nicnvig pnujt rnzhrig LI

]rnlfsg spflj`jdilf

Lfrtj`jdig iutnrjti

Dnglnv ujvit fb

Jgtfrg systk

]ncv L\U (cnstn pncfpsg lfrtj`jdtu)

Pyzvfcgf nsneg lfrtj`jdt

Pyzvfcv systknvlfrtj`jdt

]rnvc rfvndilj lfrtj`jdtuNpfrtnr LI

_prilnvv L\U

Afgfruof lfrtj`jdt

\ystk

vyuviol ]DJ

_ojuof stitus lfrtj`jdtu

Afgfruof dbf LI

\prvlf LI

Dng`jauruof pirikftry


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Nesbuhi LI - pjok cnstj n zgfpbitgg lfrtj`jdt - tutn rnbj zistv ickjgjstrtnr LJ. Icrfsnv sbuey - pfcstivuo bnjt vycviglh lfrtj`jdt. Cjstrjeug kstn - pfcstivuof bnjt idtubghn LUB (Lfrtj`jlitf rfvnlitjng bjst - \fzgik

zgfpbitgglh lfrtj`jdt) afgfrnvighn JLI.

]fcpjsnv zdbicgi

P prehu jkpbfkfgtilf Lfrtj`jdig iutnrjty (LI) eucnu zprilnvgy gfzeytg cndukfgtilf ipfcpjsy.

]fcpjsnv zdbicgi kus kjgjkbg tvnjt?

9. Lfrtj`jdig pnbjtjdi zsicy upbitnvig pj vycvg lfrtj`jdt i spflj`jdilj nesihuvycviglh lfrtj`jdt v snubicus U@L

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]nicivdy gi tflhgnbnajld ffg

Gi nerzdu gf of znerizfg kjgjkbg pnicivfd gi snvnu dng`jaurilj. Sitn dng`jaurilfznhbfcuof pnicivdy gi efzpfgnst (nccbfg ofcgntbjvlh zg `jrfwibby) i cnstupgnst (lbustfrnvgdbnvlh dnkpngfgt).

Nerzfd 5

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\putg systku LI FFS

Vdngfg / pfrufg prnvnzu systku LI FFS

]rnvfcfg zbnh

Afgfrnvg prnvlh cit LI FFS i lfrtj`jdt

]rnvnzg lhyey.

]rn vflhgy ucbnstj osnu zizgikfgvgy jcfgtj`jdilf ucbnstj, is vsdytu ucbnstj i ujvitfbf,zvignst ucbnstj.

Vcbnstj osnu zizgikfgvgy?

Fbfdtrngjldy, v citiezj gfen bnanvilk snuenru

]picg snuisg v piprnv `nrk (prnvnzg cfgdy).

P rklj ucbnst, spnofglh sf zkgikj dng`jaurilf systku LI FFS, osnu zizgikfgvgyzfokgi?

_kgy pnbjtjdy LI FFS (ucbnst vfcfgi v prnvnzgk cfgdu)

_kgy dng`jaurilf systk LI FFS (ucbnst vfcfgi v prnvnzgk cfgdu).

Iucjtg zzgiky osnu udbcgy v tfxtnv pncne s gsbfcuol strudturnu?

_vignst ucbnstj

Cituk i is vzgjdu ucbnstj

Ditfanrjf typu ucbnstj (sdupjgi i typ)

_crnodnkpngfgti afgfruol iucjtgzzgik


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et dng`jaurnvitfbg prn pnujt vflh ppustglh dryptnari`jldlh ibanrjtk

kt dng`jaurnvitfbg ujvitfbsd nprvgg

et vyeivfgi dng`jaurnvitfbgk `jrfwibbfk prn vytvfg efzpfglh dnkugjdiglh digb

kt kngnst rug dnrjanvit gistivfg systknvhn isu

kt kngnst dng`jaurnvit prn`jb vycvighn lfrtj`jdtu

kus kt kngnst dng`jaurnvit vytvfg zzgik n prnvnzu systku i jggnstflh ujvitfb.

]nicivdy gi rnbf i prnlfsy

Cncivitfb LI FFS givrhgf?

strudturu cvryhncglh rnb prn nesbuhu LI FFS,

ofojlh gpb jggnstj,

pnicivdy gi sbujtfbgnst i gfsbujtfbgnst rnb,

prnlfsy vyicuol snujggnst vlf rnb

Cbf cnc nchic prilnvghn vytfg prn ofcgntbjv rnbf.

]nicivdy gi cndukfgtilj

Cncivitfb LI FFS zhntnv?

Igibytjldnu cndukfgtilj, to?

n Igibzi tflhgjldhn ffg LI FFS

n Igibzi rjzjd


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Vjvitfbsd prudy prn ofcgntbjv rnbf pnpjsuo prnvcg ofcgntbjvlh dng v egkprnvnzu LI FFS prilnvgdy v psbuglh rnblh. ]rn dicnu rnbj of zprilnvgi siknstitg

prudi. ]bg zrnvf bnhu Vjvitfbsd prudy vf skysbu zdngi .

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]nicivdy gi hircwirnv prvdy prnstfc

pbjdig sfrvfr

]fcpndbc sf vyujt vjrtuibjznvighn ffg vrklj rfibjzilf siknstitglh sfrvfr i ofojlhrfcugciglf. Vkstg Lfrtj`jdig iutnrjty eucf bnajldy nccbfgn nc nstitglh systk s vyujtkefzpfgnstglh idtjvglh prvd rfibjznviglh vrklj dnkugjdig jg`ristrudtury FFS.

Kjgjkbgdng`jaurilf ofcgnhn sfrvfru?

]irikftr Cnpnrufg hncgnti

Pjrtuibjzilf Pjrtuibjzig prnstfcdy slhncg slfbdnvk pnoftk vjrtuibjzilf FFS

Npfrig systk systk ugjxnvhn typu (UHFB, \V\F Bjgux F\, Cfejig Bjgux ipnc.)

L]V irlhjtfdturi x80/x80-03, pirikftry cbf cnpnrufg prn npfrig systk

]ik Kjgjkbg 8 AE gi sfrvfr

Cjsdnv dipiljti Pyhrizfg cjsdnv dipiljti , kjgjkbg 9=== AE v UIJC J dng`jaurilj

\nv pjpnofg 9==/9=== KEjt/s

H\K

Hircwirnv efzpfgnstg kncub of zdbicgk dikfgfk gvrhu lfrtj`jdig iutnrjty. _izfg kus etslhnpgn afgfrnvit, vf spnbuprlj s hbivgk H\K kncubfk, ghncg snudrnk dbf i efzpfg ofulhnvvit. Pfdfr npfrilf vyicuol tytn dbf prnehio vf vgjtgk vpnftgk prnstfc H\K, i


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\lhki zdbicglh zg

_dbicg slhki zg srnzcbfgk pnicnvig `ugdljngibjty of pitrg zgsbfcuolhn nerzdu?


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\lhki bnajld dnkugjdig jg`ristrudtury

_dbicg slhki bnajld dnkugjdig jg`ristrudtury of uvfcfgn gi gsbfcuolk nerzdu?


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Dnkugjdig jg`ristrudturi

]rnpustgnst prvd 3 Aeps

]tfg swjtlhf sprnpustgnst 9= Aeps gi pnrtflh s kngnst pnujt 9/9= Aeps rnzhrig(nptjdi, kftibjdi)

_cvnofg irlhjtfdturi

]nut VSK - rnutnvil ùgdlf, @jrfwibb, udngfg P]G cg cib ùgdlf gfbzf pnutz cvncu airigtnvg prnpustgnstj zizfg

]nujt J]\/JC\ gi zdbic pnicivd zdngi n dyefrgftjld efzpfgnstj i prn nlhrigu

npfriglh systk i kjcbfwirf pfc sn`jstjdnvigkj tndy. \\B tfrkjgilf gi Bniceibiglfrflh (BE),

]rn pstup gi wfenv rnzhrig pnut QI@ vf spnbuprlj sBE

\JFK igibzi gfefzpfghn lhnvg/pndus n prgjd vjz zdng n dyefrgftjldefzpfgnstj

Nut n` eigc kigiafkfgt vflh prvd zefzpfgnstglh cvnc (NNE).

]nicivfd gi pnujt cfcjdnviglh zizfgprn gsbfcuol ùgdlf

CCN\ nlhrigi-of spflj`jld, prntnf kus rnzfzgit \\B `bnic nc rfaubrghn \\B prnvnzuipbjdilf. Snhn bzf cnshgnut ofcjg tid, f J]\ gfen QI@ cndf prilnvit oidn sngciCCN\ nlhrigy i jgcjdnvit vis pidfty, dtfr osnu vicg i svc n \\B tndu. CCN\ pncbfjgcjdilf vytvn privjcbn i dncbjv \\B pidfty nc`jbtruof.

@jrfwibb & rnutjga (I\JL gi idlfbfrilj) osnu tn hbivg cv ùgdlf pnuvig z VSK, VSKkus kt ibfspn 9== vjrtubglh gfzvjsblh `jrfwibb slfgtrbgk kigiafkfgtfk irfpnrtjgafk (vhncg rfibjznvit sfpirtgkj zizfgkj)


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_izfg kus spbnvit kjgjkbg efzpfgnstg lfrtj`jdilj Lnkkng Lrjtfrji (FIB3) @J]\ 93=-5 bfvfb

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JEK Qfe\phfrf Citi]nwfr of \NI ippbjiglf, dtfrnu of kngn pnut v zvjsbnstj gi pnicivllhzfokgi oidn?

Fgtfrprjsf \frvjlf Eus (F\E) gfen oidn ofhn cnpbgd

Efzpfgnstg zizfg vcfkjbjtirjznvig zg dnlhrig jgtfrglh systk

_dbicgj `ugdljngibjti Citi]nwfr

JEK Qfe\phfrf Citi]nwfr of kngn sj pfcstivjt oidn prnstfcgdi (jgtfrkfcjiry) vf zprilnvgpnicivd. Dbjfgt (sfrvjlf rfqufstfr) dnkugjduof gi ofcg strig sf zizfgk Citi]nwfr i gi cruhstrig zizfg Citi]nwfr dnkugjduof spnsdytnvitfbfk sbuey (sfrvjlf prnvjcfr) gi eildfgc

systku.

]rjgljp prlf zizfg Citi]nwfr

JEK Qfe\phfrf Citi]nwfr

@rngt \jcf

HigcbfrEild \jcf

Higcbfr

Kubtjstfp Fgajgf

9.lbjfgt

rfqufst

5.prnlfss rfqufst

jg rubf

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0) Citi]nwfr? Eild\jcfHigcbfr (E\H) ]fcg zprvy ncpnvcj gi Kubtjstfp Fgajgf.1) Citi]nwfr? Kubtjstfp Fgajgf zpriluof zprvu ncpnvcj gidng`jaurnvignu ipbjdig bnajdnu

(gip. cjajtbg pncpjs, j`rnvg gfen trigs`nrkilf nesihu). V syglhrngglh npfril kd cjspnzjlj Kutbjstfp Fgajgf j citi (zprvu) pnicivdu.i) vibjcilf XKB (kftrjdy XKB, vibjcilf slhkitu, fxtfrg rf`frfglf)

j) vibjcilf ncpnvc pit dcbfjt efst priltjlf vefzpfgnstj wfenvlh sbufee) nenhilfg zprvy gi zdbic vnbg ojg wfenv sbuey (fgrjlhkfgt)l) trigs`nrkilf nesihuc) dryptnari`jf (cjajtbg pncpjs i j`rnvg gi rnvgj zprvy)f) iucjt

j) istn sf Citi]nwfr vyuv diucjtnvg vyeriglh cit zf zprvy pnicivdu i ncpnvcj

(ppicg dnkugjdiglh kfticit oidn of jcfgtjti dbjfgti)8) Citi]nwfr? Kubtjstfp Fgajgf pfc vsbfcfd zprilnvg zprvy ncpnvcj gi @rngt \jcfHigcbfr.

:) Citi]nwfr? @rngt \jcf Higcbfr (@\H) pfc vsbfcgnu zprvu ncpnvcj pnknl dnkugjdighnprntndnbu (gip. \NI] kfssiaf pnknl prntndnbu HSS]).

9=) Dbjfgt? _priluof citi ncpnvcj nc zizfg Citi]nwfr

Pirjilf vbistgnst Citi]nwfru of vyujti pj gvrhu E5E rnzhrig systku FFS prn sertfgfd.

]ncpnrnvig prntndnby i stigcircy

9. Srigspnrt i dngfdtjvjti

HSS], HSS]\, Qfe\nldft ]rnxy

@S], @S]\

\@S]

Qfe\phfrf KY igc Qfe\phfrf KY @jbf Srigs`fr Fcjtjng (KY@SF)


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@fcfrib Jg`nrkitjng ]rnlfssjga \tigcirc (@J]\) 93=-5 Bfvfb < (wjth nptjngib Hircwirf\flurjty Kncubf)

@J]\ 93=-5 Bfvfb 9 (wjth eujbt-jg lryptnariphjl sn`twirf kncubf) \I@ igc JEK UIL@ jgtfaritjng wjth z/N\ Jgtfrgft Lngtfgt Iciptitjng ]rntnlnb (JLI])

Q

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\flurf \hfbb (\\H)

Jgtfbbjafgt ]bit`nrk Kigiafkfgt Jgtfr`ilf (J]KJ)

Ufibjzilf wfenvlh i ipbjdiglh sfrvfr of cnpnrufgn fjt gi vjrtuibjznvig pbit`nrk x80 sfziojtgk pnicivdu vysnd cnstupgnstj. cg sfrvfr gfeucf kt bndbg cjsdnv systk i kus etgipnofg cn \IG/GI\ vji @L zi pnknl eg pnuviglh prntndnb.

Givrfg ffg kus uknnvit hnrjzngtbg dbnvitfbgnst.

Citieznv sfrvfry i bnjt

Citieznv sfrvfry kus spbnvit pnicivdy vysnd cnstupgnstj vftg cjsdnvhn bnjtuknuolhn tjfrnvgofcgntbjvlh cjsdnvlh prnstnr viutnkitjldk rfjku. Citieznv prnstfckus uknnvit udbcg vfbdhn neofku cit oid ln cn pntu udbciglh zzgik tid ln cn vfbjdnstjubnfglh cit. Citieznv gfen stnriaf `ugdljngibjti kus ukngjt ngbjgf rfpbjdilj cit cn cruhhnbnjt.

]nicivdy gi kjgjkbg dng`jaurilj

]bit`nrki Kjgjkbgpnft

oicfr`yzjldhnsfrvfru

Kjgjkbgpik`yzjldhnsfrvfru

Kjgjkbglfbdnvpnft oicfrvjrtubghnprnstfc

Kjgjkbgvfbjdnstpiktjvjrtubghnprnstfc

Qfenv iipbjdigsfrvfry

Pirjigti 9 x80 90 03 AE 8=

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Pirjigti 9 ipbjdig vrstvy i Pirjigti 9 citieznv vrstvy


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Pjzuibjzilf knghn ffg prn Pirjigtu 5 ipbjdig vrstvy i Pirjigty 5 citieznv vrstvy

dnkejgilf


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L]\ \tikp?


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]fceg rnzpnft systku FFS i jg`ristrudtury

P rklj Pirjigty 9osnu pnujty prncudty Nrilbf i tn oid HQ tid \Q. ]rnstfc of ffg gi pbit`nrkx80 i ffg FxiCiti. Ufpbjdi (ngbjgf) cit of prnvfcfgi gi siknstitg stnriaf vcruhk citnvksbf.

Pirjigti 9 pnft \Q/HQ lfgi `ugdlf pnzgkdi

598 86= 096,:0 D

Nrilbf Citieisf

Fgtfrprjsf Fcjtjng

9 \Q 5< 61< 65

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Pirjigti 5vylhz zpfcpndbicu fxjstfglf skbnuvy J\BN sJEK..

Pirjigti 5 pnft \Q/HQ lfgi `ugdlf pnzgkdi

595 8

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Jgtfaritjng Eus \Q 3 1== ===,== D F\E

LI s H\K < HQ 5 350 8:9,18 D Lfrtj`jdig iutnrjti

Jkpbfkfgtilf 9 9= === ===,== D lfgi jkpbfkfgtilf

CCN\ 5 Gftwnrd 3 === ===,== D snv prvdy

VSK 5 Gftwnrd 0 === ===,== D snv prvdy

\wjtlh 5 Gftwnrd 5 === ===,== D snv prvdy

\wjtlh NNE 5 Gftwnrd 5 === ===,== D snv prvdy

J]\/JC\ 5 Gftwnrd < === ===,== D snv prvdy

Bniceibigljga 5 Gftwnrd 3 === ===,== D snv prvdy

QI@ 3 Gftwnrd 5 === ===,== D snv prvdy

\JFK 9 Gftwnrd 5 === ===,== D snv prvdy

Jkpbfkfgtilf 5==

KC

5 6== ===,== D jkpbfkfgtilf st prvd

Efzpfgnstg prnofdt 96 === ===,== D Dnkpbfxg efzpfgnstgcndukfgtilf, efzpfgnstgtfsty

FFS \Q

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ffg prnlfsu sprvy i prnvnzu sbufe

ffg prnlfs prnvnzu i sprvy sbufe systk FFS eucf ffgn vsnubicu s gnrknu J\N/JFL5====. Criz eucf dbicfg gi prnlfsy jvntghn lydbu ofcgntbjvlh sbufe pnsdytnviglhdnglnvk ujvitfbk i gi prnlfsy cnhbfcu, kngjtnrnvg, pncpnry ujvitfb i ffg jgljcfgt.

Eucf prnvfcfgn stignvfg rnzsihu i lb ffg, prnvfcfgi igibzi rjzjd sbufe (eucf ziojtgizd dnnrcjgilf i prnpnofg sigibznu rjzjd vrklj ffg efzpfgnstj), pprivi pnbjtjdy JSsbufe, ditibnau sbufe, pbgu kigiafkfgtu sbufe, prnvnzglh pnbjtjd, gvrhu \BI, prnvnzglh

pbg, pbgu i pnbjtjdy zbfpnvg sbufe i pbgu dnbfg i vzcbvg.

]rnlfsy sprvy i prnvnzu sbufe

_iojtg shncy s pnicivdy prkysbnv gnrky J\N/JFL 5=== (rfspfdtjvf cnpnrufg gnrkyJ\N/JFL 5===-5) of gfzvjsb gi nraigjzig strudtuf. ]nsdytnvitfb sbuey kus pnut strudturu,dtfr of gfovhncgo prn f`fdtjvg sbueu. P gvizgnstj gi tn, giezfg ffg prnlfsu sprvy iprnvnzu sbufe vhncg dnkejguof J\N/JFL 5==== nesihuolk pnvjggnstj i JSJB (idtubg vfvfrzj

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]flhnc sbufe(\frvjlf Srigsjtjng)

\prvi zkg (Lhigaf Kigiafkfgt) \prvi idtjv i dng`jaurilf (\frvjlf Issft igc

Lng`jauritjng Kigiafkfgt) \prvi zgibnst (Dgnwbfcaf Kigiafkfgt) ]bgnvg i pncpnri pflhncu (Srigsjtjng ]biggjga igc

\uppnrt)

\prvi rfbfis i gisizfg (Ufbfisf igc CfpbnykfgtKigiafkfgt)

Nvfg i tfstnvg sbuey (\frvjlf Pibjcitjng igc Sfstjga) Pyhncgnlfg (Fvibuitjng)

]rnvnz sbufe(\frvjlf Npfritjng)

\prvi ucbnst (Fvfgt Kigiafkfgt) \prvi jgljcfgt (Jgljcfgt Kigiafkfgt) ]rnvcg pnicivd (Ufqufst @ub`jbkfgt) \prvi pstup (Illfss Kigiafkfgt) \prvi prnebk (]rnebfk Kigiafkfgt)

Gfustb zbfpnvg sbuey(Lngtjguib \frvjlfJkprnvfkfgt)

_bfpnvil prnlfs v1 drnllh Kfg sbuey (\frvjlf Kfisurfkfgt) Pydiznvg sbuey (\frvjlf Ufpnrtjga)


\ j`jd o dt Fb dt j d jc t e

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ffg efzpfgnstj systku FFS

ffg efzpfgnstj \ystku FFS kus vylhzft zpfcpndbicu, f vzhbfcfk dvzgiku \ystkuFFS eucf tfgtn ziizfg kfzj vzgikg jg`nrkig systky cbf pskfgi c) 5 cbf zdngi.989/5=93 \e., n dyefrgftjld efzpfgnstj i n zkg snuvjsfollh zdng (zdng n dyefrgftjldefzpfgnstj). Cbf of pfcpndbic, f gdtfr cndukfgtilf \ystku FFS, nesihuol pnpjsykflhigjsk ziojuollh efzpfgnst lfbhn systku kf et dbisj`jdnvig oidn utionvigjg`nrkilf i cn stupg Cvrg cbf zdngi . 395/5==6 \e., n nlhrig utionviglh jg`nrkil i nefzpfgnstg zpsnejbnstj, vf zgg pnzcolh pfcpjs. ]rn \ystk FFS of tfcy pnicnvgnzivfcfg systkuzfg efzpfgnstj jg`nrkil.

ffg efzpfgnstj \ystku FFS eucf zihrgnvit pnsnuzfg vstupglh pnckgfd i efzpfgnstglhpnicivd i ffg efzpfgnstglh pnicivd vsnubicu s gnrknu J\N/JFL 51==9 i pnicivdyzdngi. ]j ffg efzpfgnstj \ystku FFS kus ]nsdytnvitfb sbfcnvit tj zdbicg lbf?

9. _iojstjt ziprilnvg efzpfgnstglh pnicivd gi \ystk FFS nc gvrhu i pnjkpbfkfgtilj lfbhn systku efzpfgnstj.

5. Pytvnjt `ugdg systk zfg efzpfgnstj jg`nrkil \ystku FFS tid, iey eybn kng tfgtnsystk efzpfg prnvnznvit.

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]priviefzpfg

nstghnprnofdtu

]priviefzpfgnstghnprnofdtu

Efzpfgnstg

prnofdtnvcnhbfc

Efzpfgnstg

prnofdtnvcnhbfc

Efzpfgnstg lbfEfzpfgnstg lbf

Efzpfgnstg ugdlfEfzpfgnstg ugdlf

Efzpfgnstg kflhigjskyEfzpfgnstg kflhigjsky

Pstupy igibzy rjzjdPstupy igibzy rjzjd

]nicivdy gi cncivitfbf]nicivdy gi cncivitfbf

Hirkngnarik i pnstup rfibjzilfHirkngnarik i pnstup rfibjzilf

Efzpfgnstg prnofdt \ystku FFSEfzpfgnstg prnofdt \ystku FFS

@yzjld, pfrsngbg, tflhgjld

i ickjgjstritjvg ziefzpffg

@yzjld, pfrsngbg, tflhgjld

i ickjgjstritjvg ziefzpffg

Citnv, prnariknv

i dnkugjdig ziefzpffg

Citnv, prnariknv

i dnkugjdig ziefzpffg

_zgiky, zprvy, vyocfg_zgiky, zprvy, vyocfg

Dnrfdlf efzpfgnstgcndukfgitlf \ystku FFS

Dnrfdlf efzpfgnstgcndukfgitlf \ystku FFS

Igibzi ugdglh i tflhgjldlh pnicivdgi rfibjzilj \ystku FFS

Igibzi ugdglh i tflhgjldlh pnicivdgi rfibjzilj \ystku FFS

Igibzi rjzjdIgibzi rjzjd

Per i gvrh efzpfgnstglh npitfgPer i gvrh efzpfgnstglh npitfg

Cftijbg spflj`jdilf efzpfgnstglh pnicivdCftijbg spflj`jdilf efzpfgnstglh pnicivd

]nstup rfibjzilf efzpfgnstglh pnicivd]nstup rfibjzilf efzpfgnstglh pnicivd

Efzpfgnstg cnhbfc gic pbggkhirkngnariku i pnstupu rfibjzilf

Efzpfgnstg cnhbfc gic pbggkhirkngnariku i pnstupu rfibjzilf

Efzpfgnstg cnhbfc gic zkgnvk zfgkEfzpfgnstg cnhbfc gic zkgnvk zfgk

Efzpfgnstg cnhbfc gic pprivnu i prnvcgk tfstEfzpfgnstg cnhbfc gic pprivnu i prnvcgk tfst



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Cbf of pnicnvgn rfibjznvit ffg efzpfgnstj FFS vgsbfcuollh drnllh?

]privi efzpfgnstghn prnofdtu \ystku FFS zihrguolhn igibzu efzpfgnstglhispfdt prnofdtu vftg stignvfg efzpfgnstglh lb i igibzy rjzjd, gvrh f`fdtjvglhefzpfgnstglh npitfg sgsbfcgnu spflj`jdil efzpfgnstglh ùgdl i gvrh ofojlhrfibjzilf vf `nrk efzpfgnstglh kflhigjsk gi rnvgj ofcgntbjvlh dnkpngfgt \ystkuFFS.

Efzpfgnstg prnofdtnv cnhbfc \ystku FFS zihrguol cnhbfc gic rfibjzili prnsiznvgk efzpfgnstglh ùgdl i efzpfgnstglh kflhigjsk vsnubicu s nesihfkefzpfgnstghn prnofdtu \ystku FFS.

_vrfg efzpfgnstg iucjt ffg \ystku FFS zi fbfk nvfg ùgdgnstjefzpfgnstglh ùgdl i efzpfgnstglh kflhigjsk vftg ofojlh prnsizfg cn rfbfvigtglhjgtfrglh prnlfs \ystku FFS.

zfg i crei efzpfgnstj pj prnvnzu \ystku FFS , dtfr eucf zihrgnvit zfokgiucrfg snubicu stivu efzpfgnst sefzpfgnstgkj pnicivdy prnstfc i ucrfg snubicustivu efzpfgnstj sefzpfgnstgkj pntfeikj \ystku FFS vsnuvjsbnstj sofhn zkgikjprnvcgkj vrklj ofhn jkpbfkfgtilf i prnvnzu.

Ofcgntbjv sbndy, ofojlh gvizgnstj i pnstup rfibjzilf ffg efzpfgnstj \ystku FFS osnuzgznrggy gi slhkitu uvfcfgk gi gsbfcuol strig.

ffg efzpfgnstj \ystku FFS kus et ziojtgn vdnnrcjgilj s gvrhfk ijkpbfkfgtil lfbhnsystku tid, iey eybn ziojtgn ndikjt ziprilnvg efzpfgnstglh pnicivd cnjkpbfkfgtnvighn systku.

Pzhbfcfk d tnku, f gdtfr cndukfgtilf systku FFS, zfokgi st nesihuol pnpjsykflhigjsk ziojuollh efzpfgnst lfbhn systku, kf et dbisj`jdnvgi oidn utionvig



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Ftipi 9 gibzi i gvrh efzpfgnstj systku FFS

Igibzi i gvrh efzpfgnstj systku FFS eucf kt zi lb jcfgtj`jdnvit pnicivdy gi efzpfgnstsystku FFS i givrhgnut efzpfgnstg ffg \ystku FFS pngiof gvrhfk lfbhn systku idngf ofhn pfcgk cn prnvnzu.

P rklj ttn ftipy eucf prnvfcfgn stignvfg rnzsihu i lb ffg efzpfgnstj, igibzi rjzjd,zprilnvg efzpfgnstg pnbjtjdy \ystku FFS vftg efzpfgnstg stritfajf, pjprivfg ]rnhbfgn ipbjdnvitfbgnstj i ]bgu nftfg rjzjd \ystku FFS. Pzvru ftipy eucf zprilnvg efzpfgnstgprnofdt \ystku FFS.

Ftipi 9 kus nesihnvit gsbfcuol `zf?

9. Vrfg zdbicglh pirikftr ffg efzpfgnstj \ystku FFS

5. Hncgnlfg i zfg rjzjd \ystku FFS

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]npjs pnicnviglh zdbicglh vstup?

9. Unzsih ffg efzpfgnstj \ystku FFSupfsg rnzsih ffg efzpfgnstj \ystkuFFS z hbfcjsdi zipnofglh nraigjziglh sbnfd, vyeriglh prnstnr, cf`jgnviglh idtjv itflhgnbnaj. Unzsih eucf kt gsbfcuol strudturu?

i. nraigjzig strudturi vf vztihu dffg efzpfgnstj \ystku FFS

e. ukstg nraigjziglh tvir i zizfg pndrviglh vrklj dffg efzpfgnstj\ystku FFS

l. zdbicg idtjvi i tflhgnbnajf pndrvig vrklj dffg efzpfgnstj \ystku FFS

c. rnzhrig ffg efzpfgnstj \ystku FFS

f. zvjsbnstj dffg efzpfgnstj \ystku FFS.

5. Lbf ffg efzpfgnstj \ystku FFSeucnu nesihnvit strug vft lb, dtfrlh k etcnsifgn ffgk efzpfgnstj vurfgk rnzsihu ffg efzpfgnstj \ystku FFS. Lbfeucnu dngdrtg stignvfgy gi necne jkpbfkfgtilf svhbfcfk gi ziojtg prnvnzusystku FFS.

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@zf 9.5 Hncgnlfg i zfg rjzjd systku FFS

Lbfk hncgnlfg i zfg rjzjd eucf jcfgtj`jdnvit idtjvi \ystku FFS, i zojstjt rnvf rjzjd knghn

upbitgg hrnzfe, dtfr gi idtjvi knhnu psnejt.

P pntdu `zf eucf givrfgi kftncjdi hncgnlfg i zfg rjzjd \ystku FFS. Pgvizgnstj givyerignu kftncjdu jcfgtj`jduof idtjvi, dtfr eucnu zihrguti cn rnzsihu ffg efzpfgnstj \ystkuFFS, spnbu s urfgk ofojlh efzpfgnstglh pirikftr (cvrgnst, jgtfarjti, cnstupgnst). Cbf eucnujcfgtj`jdnvgy i hncgnlfgy hrnzey izrigjtfbgnstj psnel gi idtjvi \ystku FFS i gsbfcggivrfgi npitfg dpndryt rjzjd. _cvncgg veru npitfg eucf prnvfcfgn v cndukfgtu]rnhbfg nipbjdnvitfbgnstj efzpfgnstglh npitfg \ystku FFS. _psne zfg rjzjd eucfgsbfcg pnpsg v]bgu nftfg rjzjd \ystku FFS.

P zvru igibzy rjzjd eucf ziojtgn prnvfcfg zvbcg i zfg rjzjd prnstfcgjltvk gvrhupjkfglh efzpfgnstglh prntjnpitfg pndrviollh zojtg rjzjdi. ]rn gipbgg efzpfgnstglhlb i sgfg efzpfgnstglh rjzjd eucf vyergi vyvfg dnkejgilf tflhgjldlh i gftflhgjldlhefzpfgnstglh npitfg prn \ystku FFS.

P ttn `zj eucnu prnvfcfgy dngy, vyicnvig gnrknu \G J\N/JFL 51==9?5=93?

stignvfg drjtrj rjzjd efzpfgnstj jg`nrkil, dtfr zihrguo?

n drjtrji idlfptilf rjzjd

n drjtrji prn prnvcg pnsnuzfg rjzjd efzpfgnstj jg`nrkil

jcfgtj`jdilf rjzjdi efzpfgnstj jg`nrkil?

n pnuv prnlfs pnsuznvg rjzjd efzpfgnstj jg`nrkil d jcfgtj`jdilj rjzjd spnofglh sfztrtnu cvrgnstj, jgtfarjty i cnstupgnstj jg`nrkil v rnzsihu systku zfgefzpfgnstj jg`nrkil



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Kftncjdi igibzy rjzjd kus zrnvf ncpnvcit zdngu . 989/5=93 \e., i ofhn prnvclk vyhbdk.

]npjs pnicnviglh zdbicglh vstup

9. _prvi n hncgnlfg rjzjd\ystku FFSsnuhrgg cndukfgt, dtfr kus nesihnvit?

i. zdbicg privjcbi i pnstupy igibzy rjzjd i psbug hncgntl drjtrji vftg

kftncnbnajf

e. pfhbfc idtjv vftg urfg efzpfgnstglh pirikftr i vbistgd

l. vft hrnzfe i zrigjtfbgnst, dtfr gi idtjvi (sdupjgy idtjv) psne

c. vsbfcdy igibzy prn ofcgntbjv idtjvi

f. stignvfg virjigt prn nftfg rjzjdi`. stignvfg prjnrjt prn nftfg rjzjd

a. pfhbfc vbistgd rjzjd

h. cftijbg vsbfcdy igibzy rjzjd.

5. ]rnhbfg n ipbjdnvitfbgnstjefzpfgnstglh npitfg \ystku FFS uvfcf snuhrggpfhbfc npitfg cbf pbnhy I gnrky \G J\N/JFL 51==9?5=93, dtfr osnu ipbjdnvgi pj

ffg efzpfgnstj \ystku FFS i ppicg cvncy, prn dtfr gfeybi gfvhncg npitfgipbjdnvgi. \nust prnhbfg n ipbjdnvitfbgnstj eucf spflj`jdilf irnzhncgut n vjzeytdnvlh rjzjd.

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efzpfgnst prnstfcrnzenr efzpfgnstj prnstfc, vf dtfrk of systk prnvnznvg, zcfosnu upfsggy zdbicg idtjvi, pfcpndbicy prn efzpfg ùganvg systku, efzpfgnstg

zsicy i hrnzey, dtfrk systk kus fbjt, efzpfgnstg lbf upfsgg efzpfgnstglh lb, dtfr kus et pj ffg efzpfgnstj

cnsifgy, ty osnu rnzcbfgy gi efzpfgnstg lbf prn jg`nrkig tflhgnbnajf i giefzpfgnstg lbf prn prnstfc, vf dtfr osnu systky prnvnznvgy,

pnicivdy gi efzpfgnst gipbgg lb gvrhfk efzpfgnstglh pnicivd, tytnpnicivdy osnu rnzcbfgy gi pnicivdy gi efzpfgnstg ùgdlf, dtfr osnu prnsiznvgyjg`nrkigkj tflhgnbnajfkj, gi pnicivdy gi zrudy, dcf of upfsggi kri zrud zisprvgnst, i gi pnicivdy gi efzpfgnst prnstfc, dtfr upfsuof npitfg v pkk ndnb

jg`nrkiglh tflhgnbnaj.P ttn `zj eucnu prnvfcfgy gsbfcuol dngy, dtfr osnu cbfjt prn rfibjzilj ffg efzpfgnstj\ystku FFS?

ver rfbfvigtglh efzpfgnstglh prn`jb prn ùgdg lfbdy systku FFS i ofojlhdnkpngfgty4

dngdrftjzilf efzpfgnstglh ùgdl4

gvrh rfibjzilf efzpfgnstglh ùgdl vrklj systku FFS.


9. Efzpfgnstg prnofdt eucf zprilnvg cbf `nrkbg strudtury prn`jbu nlhrigy cbf gnrky\G J\N/JFL 963=8. Eucnu rnzprilnvgy vlhnz efzpfgnstg lbf stignvfg v snubicus Efzpfgnstg pnbjtjdnu jg`nrkil systku FFS cn efzpfgnstglh ùgdl. Efzpfgnstg prnofdt eucf zihrgnvit?



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Ari`jld zgznrgg jggnst pnicnviglh rfibjznvit ]nsdytnvitfbfk vttn ftip of uvfcfg gigsbfcuolk nerzdu.

Ftipi 5 - Jkpbfkfgtilf

efzpfgnstj systku FFSFtipi 5 - Jkpbfkfgtilf

efzpfgnstj systku FFSJkpbfkfgtilf efzpfgnstglh npitfg i ugdl izprilnvg Efzpfgnstglh skrgjl systku FFSJkpbfkfgtilf efzpfgnstglh npitfg i ugdl izprilnvg Efzpfgnstglh skrgjl systku FFS

J b t e tj jJkpbfkfgtilf ef pfgnstj gi prn n g rn gj i

_prilnvg ]rnariku dnbfg i zvynvgefzpfgnstghn pnvcnk

_prilnvg ]rnariku dnbfg i zvynvgefzpfgnstghn pnvcnk

Kigiafkfgt

efzpfgnstj

systku FFS

Kigiafkfgt

efzpfgnstj

systku FFS

Dbisj`jdilf

jg`nrkil

systku FFS

Dbisj`jdilf

jg`nrkil

systku FFS

Efzpfgnstbjcsdlh zcrno

systku FFS

Efzpfgnstbjcsdlh zcrno

systku FFS

@yzjldefzpfgnst

systku FFS

@yzjldefzpfgnst

systku FFS

Efzpfgnst JLSsystku FFS

Efzpfgnst JLSsystku FFS

zfgpstupnvlhprv systku

FFS

zfgpstupnvlhprv systku

FFS

]njznvg,vvno i creisystku FFS

]njznvg,vvno i creisystku FFS

\prviefzpfgnstglh

jgljcfgt

systku FFS

\prviefzpfgnstglh

jgljcfgt

systku FFS

zfgdngtjgujty

jggnst

systku FFS

zfgdngtjgujty

jggnst

systku FFS

_iojtg shncy s efzpfgnstgkj pnicivdy systkuFFS

_iojtg shncy s efzpfgnstgkj pnicivdy systkuFFS



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9. \krgjlf zfg efzpfgnstj \ystku FFSeucf zprilnvgiv rnzsihu?

i. Kigiafkfgt efzpfgnstj jg`nrkil cf`jguol privjcbi i pnstupy prn kigiafkfgtefzpfgnstj jg`nrkil i efzpfgnstj jg`nrkil vprnofdtnvk zfg vftg urfgncpnvcgnst zi preh lfbhn lydbu J\K\ i uvfcfg zpsneu kfg jggnstjJ\K\.

e. Efzpfgnst bjcsdlh zcrno cf`jguol efzpfgnstg privjcbi i pnstupy prn nebistpfrsngbg efzpfgnstj.

l. Dbisj`jdilf jg`nrkil uruol zpsne dbisj`jdilf jg`nrkil vftg dbisj`jdighnslhkitu i

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