SAPTAHIK 7nf kbf] df{ gof“ cg 'xf/sf ] cf ]O/f...

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jif{ !# c+s !@ sf7df8f} +, z'qmaf/, ;fpg !*, @)^$ SAPTAHIK Nepali National Weekly Friday, Aug. 3, 2007 k[i7 @$ d"No ?= *÷– 7"nf] kbf{df gof“ cg'xf/sf] cf]O/f] clxn] clwsf+z rnlrqsdL{nfO{ km';{b 5}g, sfdsf] Jo:ttfn] EofO{–gEofO{ 5 . sf]xL–sf]xL t b'O{–b'O{ l;km\6df klg sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ . rnlrq lgdf{0fdf tLj|tf cfPsf] 5 eg] k|bz{gdf cfPsf clwsf+z rnlrqn] /fd| } Joj;fo ul//x]sf] b]lvG5 . o; cy{df clxn]sf] kl/l:yltdf g]kfnL rnlrq If]qdf axf/ cfpg] qmd k|f/De ePsf] 5 . of] xl/ofnLdf gof“ kfn'jfn] df}nfpg] cj;/ klg plQs} kfPsf] dx;'; x'G5, cyf{t\ rnlrq lgdf{0fdf cfPsf] tLj|tf;“u} gof“ cg'xf/x¿n] klg /fd| } cj;/ kfPsf 5g\, 7"nf] kbf{df cfkm\gf] efUo k/LIf0f u/fpg . 5g\ . uxgf, hfgsL, b'O{ yf]kf cf“;' h:tf 6]ln>[+vnfaf6 ;kmntf kfPsf lgb]{zs Zofd e§/fO{ lgb] {lzt …dof{bfÚ af6 klg gof“ cg'xf/sf] cfudg ePsf] 5 . y'k| } Do'lhs lel8of]df pkl:ylt hgfO;s]sf lbj; pk| ]tL / ;fgf] kbf{af6 rrf{df cfPsL /~hgf zdf{sf] gfos–gflosfsf ¿kdf cfudg ePsf] 5, dof{bfaf6 . lgb] {zs g/]Gb| >]i7 lgb] {lzt …u|x0fÚ df gfossf ¿kdf cj;/ kfPsf Zofd l3ld/]sf] k'g{cfudg klg …dof{bfÚ af6} ePsf] 5 . Do'lhs lel8of], 6]ln>[+vnf tyf pb\3f]if0fdf cfkm\gf] Ifdtf b]vfO;s]sf cfo{g l;Ub]n cfkm\gf] efUo k/LIf0f u/fp“b}5g\, gflosf /]vf yfkfsf] lgdf{0ffwLg rnlrq ls:dtaf6 . rnlrq ah|kftdf /fd|f] k|efj 5f]8\g ;kmn ljqmfGt a:g]tsf] lkmNdL Sofl/o/ cf“wLt"kmfg, lzsf/, 3fon, 8]Gh/, 8g, af?b cflb rnlrqaf6 cl3 a9]sf] b]lvG5 eg] ;f]let a:g]t lgb] {lzt …rf]/ l;kfxLÚ df cj;/ kfPsL ck{0ff l;+xn] kfn]bfO, sfg'g, lbbLefO, emf“qmL cflb rnlrqaf6 cfkm\gf] Sofl/o/nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbO/x]sL l5g\ . rnlrq lglvnbfOaf6 cj;/ kfPsL ul/df kGtsf] clego ofqf klg bf]af6f], efUoljwftf, ;'Gb/ d]/f] gfd cflb rnlrqaf6 cl3 lx“8]sf] b]lvG5 . /~h' nfld5fg] clegLt klxnf] rnlrq k|bz{gdf cfpg g;s]sf] eP klg pgn] cfkm\gf] clego ofqfnfO{ cfjfh, sf] xf]nf d]/f] dfofn', 8/ cflb rnlrqaf6 lg/Gt/tf lbO/x]sL l5g\ . rnlrq cledGo'af6 7"nf] kbf{df em'lNsPsL h]gL s'“j/sf] rnlrqsf] /+uLg ;+;f/sf] bf}8df df]8lnªdf kl/ro agfPsf cg'xf/ a9L b]lvG5g\ . ufos s0f{bf;sf] …e]l6P/ 5'6\g'eGbf===Ú uLtaf6 kl/ro agfPsf df]8n /fhjNne sf]O/fnf ;'k/ PlS6ª slDkl6;g x'“b} uf]kLs[i0f d'lehsf] Aofg/df bLks >]i7n] lgb] {zg ul//x]sf] rnlrq …kvL{ a;]“Ú sf] gfos ag]sf 5g\ . oxL rnlrqdf pgsf] hf]8L ag]sL l5g\ ufos e/t l;6f}nfsf] …slxn] cfuf] slxn] kfgL===Ú uLtsL df]8n od'gf pk| ]tL . …kvL{ a;] “Ú sf cltl/Qm od'gf xfn bLks >]i7s} lgb] {zgdf lgdf{0fwLg rnlrq …lqz"nÚ df Jo:t l5g\ eg] cGo s]xL rnlrqdf klg pgL cg'alGwt e};s]sL l5g\ . l8h] ;Gtf]ifn] l/ldS; u/]sf] …lrofaf/Ldf===Ú uLtsf] Do'lhs lel8of]df b]lvPsL df]8n k| ]/0ff zdf{n] lbg]z sfsL{ lgb] {lzt rnlrq …cx+sf/Ú df df}sf kfOg\ gflosfsf ¿kdf . cx+sf/ k|bz{gsf nflu tof/ x' “bf ;]G;/df km:g k'Uof] . oBlk k| ]/0ffsf] clego ofqfn] ult lnPsf] dx;'; x'G5 . sl/a b'O{ bh{g Do'lhs lel8of]sf gfos cfld/ uf}td klg 7"nf] kbf{sf gfos ag]sf 5g\ . Do'lhs lel8of] lgb] {zs l;df]; ;'g'jf/sf] …ld;g k};fÚ af6 cfld/n] rnlrqsf] clego ofqf k|f/De u/]sf x'g\ . oxL rnlrqaf6 df]8nåo lgzf clwsf/L / cfo'iff a:g]tsf] clego ofqf cl3 a9]sf] 5 . k|df]b 9' +ufgf lgb] {lzt laGtLkqaf6 a| ]s kfPsf ;'/h cf/=8L=sf] clego ofqfn] klg …ld;g k};fÚ af6 ult lnPsf] 5 . Sj]:6 OG6/6]gd]G6sf] Aofg/df ;~rf/sdL{ e"if0f bfxfnn] lgb] {zg u/]sf] rnlrq …sfua]gLÚ af6 rf/ gof“ cg'xf/n] k|j]z kfPsf 5g\— ;~rf/sdL{ k"hf u'?ª, g[Tofª\ugf lbof df:s], ufos lgdf ?Daf Pj+ gf6\osdL{ ;f}uft dNn . Sj]:6s} nufgLdf Do'lhs lel8of] lgb] {zs cfnf]s g]Djfªn] lgb] {zg ug] { rnlrq …;fgf] ;+;f/Ú df klg df]8nåo gd|tf >]i7 tyf ljgo >]i7nufot k"j{ ld:6/ g]kfn hLjg n'O“6]nn] rnlrqsf] kbf{df cfkm\gf] pkl:ylt hgfpg]5g\ . o;cl3 hLjgn] rnlrq ltvf{ tyf 3ftsdf clego ul/;s]sf ;fOa/ un{ d~h' nfdf clego ofqf 3fon, 8]Gh/ cflb rnlrqaf6 cl3 a9]sf] b]lvG5 . rnlrq h+unL dfG5]af6 k|z+;f a6'Ng ;kmn ch' {g sfsL{n] lbbLefO tyf 8\of8Laf6 lg/Gt/tf kfPsf 5g\ . pNn]lvt gfdafx]s …xfdL ;fyLefOÚ af6 gd|tf emf, rnlrq Pstfaf6 nlntf clwsf/L, /3'jL/af6 nIdL If]qL, a'afcfdfaf6 /Def cf]nL tyf dgf]h nfld5fg], 8gaf6 ntf tfdfª, dflg;af6 clegj /]UdL, cf/f]kaf6 k|z+;f, gof“ g]kfnaf6 ceo >]i7 / df]lgsf, Oltxf;af6 l/bd ah|frfo{, af6'nLaf6 ;l~htf u'?ª, gf/L b j'd]gaf6 ;'lgn kf]v/]n tyf ;l~htf sf]O/fnf cflbn] rnlrqsf] kbf{df gof“ k|:t'ltsf ¿kdf k|j]z kfPsf 5g\ . o;}u/L /fh]z 9' +ufgf, bLlnk uf}td, z'e]R5f yfkf, xf:o cleg]tf bLks/fh lu/L, ufos k|sfz cf]emf cflbnfO{ klg bz{sn] 7"nf] kbf{df d'Vo e"ldsfdf b]Vg kfpg]5g\ . xfn} klg ld;g ne Og l;lSsdaf6 lxdfgL 8L;L / dfemLdfdfaf6 pdf a]aL gflosfsf ¿kdf 7"nf] kbf{df cfPsf 5g\ . Sj]:6 OG6/6]gd]G6sf] Aofg/df ;~rf/sdL{ e"if0f bfxfnn] lgb] {zg u/]sf] rnlrq ‘sfua]gL’ af6 rf/ gof“ cg'xf/n] k|j]z kfPsf 5g\– ;~rf/sdL{ k"hf u'?ª, g[Tofª\ugf lbof df:s], ufos lgdf ?Daf Pj+ gf6\osdL{ ;f}uft dNn. Sj]:6n] g} lgdf{0f ug] { Do'lhs lel8of] lgb] {zs cfnf]s g]Djfªn] lgb] {zg ug] { rnlrq ‘;fgf] ;+;f/’ df klg df]8nåo gd|tf >]i7 tyf ljgo >]i7nufot k"j{ ld:6/ g]kfn hLjg n'O“6]nn] rnlrqsf] kbf{df cfkm\gf] pkl:ylt hgfpg]5g\. /f]lhg zfSo dWok[i7df M 6f]ozf

Transcript of SAPTAHIK 7nf kbf] df{ gof“ cg 'xf/sf ] cf ]O/f...

Page 1: SAPTAHIK 7nf kbf] df{ gof“ cg 'xf/sf ] cf ]O/f ]himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/.../pdf/Saptahik_13_12.pdf · ;~rf/sdL{ e "if0f bfxfnn lgb ]zg u/]{ sf rnlrq …sfua ]gLÚ af6 rf/ gof“

jif{ !# c+s !@ sf7df8f}+, z'qmaf/, ;fpg !*, @)^$ SAPTAHIK Nepali National Weekly Friday, Aug. 3, 2007 k[i7 @$ d"No ?= *÷–

7"nf] kbf{dfgof“ cg'xf/sf] cf]O/f]

clxn] clwsf+z rnlrqsdL{nfO{ km';{b5}g, sfdsf] Jo:ttfn] EofO{–gEofO{ 5 .sf]xL–sf]xL t b'O{–b'O{ l;km\6df klg sfdul//x]sf 5g\ . rnlrq lgdf{0fdf tLj|tfcfPsf] 5 eg] k|bz{gdf cfPsf clwsf+zrnlrqn] /fd|} Joj;fo ul//x]sf] b]lvG5 .o; cy{df clxn]sf] kl/l:yltdf g]kfnLrnlrq If]qdf axf/ cfpg] qmd k|f/DeePsf] 5 . of] xl/ofnLdf gof“ kfn'jfn]df}nfpg] cj;/ klg plQs} kfPsf] dx;';x'G5, cyf{t\ rnlrq lgdf{0fdf cfPsf]tLj|tf;“u} gof“ cg'xf/x¿n] klg /fd|} cj;/kfPsf 5g\, 7"nf] kbf{df cfkm\gf] efUok/LIf0f u/fpg .

5g\ . uxgf, hfgsL, b'O{ yf]kf cf“;' h:tf6]ln>[+vnfaf6 ;kmntf kfPsf lgb]{zsZofd e§/fO{ lgb]{lzt …dof{bfÚ af6 klggof“ cg'xf/sf] cfudg ePsf] 5 . y'k|}Do'lhs lel8of]df pkl:ylt hgfO;s]sflbj; pk|]tL / ;fgf] kbf{af6 rrf{df cfPsL/~hgf zdf{sf] gfos–gflosfsf ¿kdfcfudg ePsf] 5, dof{bfaf6 . lgb]{zsg/]Gb| >]i7 lgb]{lzt …u|x0fÚ df gfossf¿kdf cj;/ kfPsf Zofd l3ld/]sf]k'g{cfudg klg …dof{bfÚ af6} ePsf] 5 .Do ' lhs lel8of ] , 6 ] ln>[ +vn f ty fpb\3f]if0fdf cfkm\gf] Ifdtf b]vfO;s]sfcfo{g l;Ub]n cfkm\gf] efUo k/LIf0fu/fp“b}5g\, gflosf /]vf yfkfsf] lgdf{0ffwLgrnlrq ls:dtaf6 .

rnlrq ah|kftdf /fd|f] k|efj 5f]8\g;kmn ljqmfGt a:g]tsf] lkmNdL Sofl/o/cf“wLt"kmfg, lzsf/, 3fon, 8]Gh/, 8g,af?b cflb rnlrqaf6 cl3 a9]sf] b]lvG5eg] ;f]let a:g]t lgb]{lzt …rf]/ l;kfxLÚdf cj;/ kfPsL ck{0ff l;+xn] kfn]bfO,sfg'g, lbbLefO, emf“qmL cflb rnlrqaf6cfkm\gf] Sofl/o/nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbO/x]sLl5g\ . rnlrq lglvnbfOaf6 cj;/ kfPsLul/df kGtsf] clego ofqf klgbf]af6f], efUoljwftf, ;'Gb/ d]/f]gfd cflb rnlrqaf6 cl3 lx“8]sf]b]lvG5 . /~h' nfld5fg] clegLtklxnf] rnlrq k|bz{gdf cfpgg;s]sf] eP klg pgn] cfkm\gf]clego ofqfnfO{ cfjfh, sf]xf]nf d]/f] dfofn', 8/ cflbrnlrqaf6 lg/Gt/tf lbO/x]sLl5g\ . rnlrq cledGo'af6 7"nf]kbf{df em'lNsPsL h]gL s'“j/sf]

rnlrqsf] /+uLg; +;f/sf ] bf }8dfdf ]8 lnªdf kl/roagfPsf cg'xf/ a9Lb ] lvG5g \ . ufoss0f {b f;sf ] …e ] l6P/5'6\g'eGbf===Ú uLtaf6kl/ro agfPsf df]8n/fhjNne sf]O/fnf ;'k/PlS6ª slDkl6;g x'“b}u f ]k Ls [ i0 f d ' lehsf ]Aofg/df bLks >]i7n]lgb]{zg ul//x]sf] rnlrq…kvL{ a;]“Ú sf] gfosag]sf 5g\ . oxL rnlrqdf pgsf] hf]8Lag]sL l5g\ ufos e/t l;6f}nfsf] …slxn]cfuf] slxn] kfgL===Ú uLtsL df]8n od'gfpk|]tL . …kvL{ a;]“Ú sf cltl/Qm od'gfxfn bLks >]i7s} lgb]{zgdf lgdf{0fwLgrnlrq …lqz"nÚ df Jo:t l5g\ eg] cGos]xL rnlrqdf klg pgL cg'alGwte};s]sL l5g\ . l8h] ;Gtf]ifn] l/ldS; u/]sf]…lrofaf/Ldf===Ú uLtsf] Do'lhs lel8of]dfb]lvPsL df]8n k|]/0ff zdf{n] lbg]z sfsL{lgb]{lzt rnlrq …cx+sf/Ú df df}sf kfOg\gflosfsf ¿kdf . cx+sf/ k|bz{gsf nflutof/ x'“bf ;]G;/df km:g k'Uof] .

oBlk k|]/0ffsf] clego ofqfn] ultlnPsf] dx;'; x'G5 . sl/a b'O{ bh{gDo'lhs lel8of]sf gfos cfld/ uf}tdklg 7"nf] kbf{sf gfos ag]sf 5g\ .Do'lhs lel8of] lgb]{zs l;df]; ;'g'jf/sf]…ld;g k};fÚ af6 cfld/n] rnlrqsf]clego ofqf k|f/De u/]sf x'g\ . oxLrnlrqaf6 df]8nåo lgzf clwsf/L /cfo'iff a:g]tsf] clego ofqf cl3 a9]sf]5 . k|df]b 9'+ufgf lgb]{lzt laGtLkqaf6a|]s kfPsf ;'/h cf/=8L=sf] clego ofqfn]

klg …ld;g k};fÚ af6 ult lnPsf] 5 .Sj]:6 OG6/6]gd]G6sf] Aofg/df

;~rf/sdL{ e"if0f bfxfnn] lgb]{zg u/]sf]rnlrq …sfua]gLÚ af6 rf/ gof“ cg'xf/n]k|j]z kfPsf 5g\— ;~rf/sdL{ k"hf u'?ª,g[Tofª\ugf lbof df:s], ufos lgdf ?DafPj+ gf6\osdL{ ;f}uft dNn . Sj]:6s}nufgLdf Do'lhs lel8of] lgb]{zs cfnf]sg]Djfªn] lgb]{zg ug]{ rnlrq …;fgf] ;+;f/Údf klg df]8nåo gd|tf >]i7 tyf ljgo>]i7nufot k"j{ ld:6/ g]kfn hLjgn'O“6]nn] rnlrqsf] kbf{df cfkm\gf] pkl:ylt

hgfpg]5g\ . o;cl3 hLjgn] rnlrqltvf{ tyf 3ftsdf clego ul/;s]sf

;fOa/ un{

d~h' nfdf

clego ofqf 3fon, 8 ] Gh/ cflbrnlrqaf6 cl3 a9]sf] b]lvG5 . rnlrqh+unL dfG5]af6 k|z+;f a6'Ng ;kmn ch'{gsfsL{n] lbbLefO tyf 8\of8Laf6 lg/Gt/tfkfPsf 5g\ .

pNn]lvt gfdafx]s …xfdL ;fyLefOÚaf6 gd|tf emf, rnlrq Pstfaf6 nlntfclwsf/L , /3 'jL/af6 nIdL If ]qL ,a'afcfdfaf6 /Def cf]nL tyf dgf]hnfld5fg], 8gaf6 ntf tfdfª, dflg;af6clegj /]UdL, cf/f]kaf6 k|z+;f, gof“g]kfnaf6 ceo >]i7 / df]lgsf, Oltxf;af6l/bd ah|frfo{, af6'nLaf6 ;l~htf u'?ª,gf/L b j'd]gaf6 ;'lgn kf]v/]n tyf;l~htf sf]O/fnf cflbn] rnlrqsf] kbf{dfgof“ k|:t'ltsf ¿kdf k|j]z kfPsf 5g\ .

o;}u/L /fh]z 9'+ufgf, bLlnk uf}td,z'e ]R5f yfkf, xf:o cleg]tfbLks/fh lu/L, ufos k|sfzcf]emf cflbnfO{ klg bz{sn]7"nf] kbf{df d'Vo e"ldsfdf b]Vgkfpg]5g\ . xfn} klg ld;gne Og l;lSsdaf6lxdfgL 8L;L /dfemLdfdfaf6 pdfa]aL gflosfsf

¿kdf 7"nf] kbf{dfcfPsf 5g\ .

Sj]:6 OG6/6]gd]G6sf] Aofg/df

;~rf/sdL{ e"if0f bfxfnn] lgb]{zg

u/]sf] rnlrq ‘sfua]gL’ af6 rf/

gof“ cg'xf/n] k|j]z kfPsf 5g\–

;~rf/sdL{ k"hf u'?ª,

g[Tofª\ugf lbof df:s], ufos

lgdf ?Daf Pj+ gf6\osdL{ ;f}uft

dNn. Sj]:6n] g} lgdf{0f ug]{

Do'lhs lel8of] lgb]{zs cfnf]s

g]Djfªn] lgb]{zg ug]{ rnlrq

‘;fgf] ;+;f/’ df klg df]8nåo

gd|tf >]i7 tyf ljgo

>]i7nufot k"j{ ld:6/ g]kfn

hLjg n'O“6]nn] rnlrqsf] kbf{df

cfkm\gf] pkl:ylt hgfpg]5g\.

� /f]lhg zfSo

dWok[i7df M 6f]ozf

Page 2: SAPTAHIK 7nf kbf] df{ gof“ cg 'xf/sf ] cf ]O/f ]himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/.../pdf/Saptahik_13_12.pdf · ;~rf/sdL{ e "if0f bfxfnn lgb ]zg u/]{ sf rnlrq …sfua ]gLÚ af6 rf/ gof“

;fpg !*, @)^$ Aug. 3, 2007

/+ud~r

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;fgLzld{nf v8\sfåf/f n]lvPsf]

afnpkGof; …;fgL Ú nfO {t]haxfb'/ bfxfnn] k|sflztu/]sf x'g\ . afnaflnsfx¿sfnflu tof/ ul/Psf] of] k':tsdf!) cWofo 5g\ . afnaflnsfx¿sfnflu ?lrs/ z}nLdf n]lvPsf] of]k':tssf] d"No pNn]v 5}g .

d}gaQLslj lji0f'axfb'/ l;+xsf ! ;o !

j6f ;fgf sljtf cyf{t\ rf]sfx¿sf];+u|x …d}gaQLÚ nfO{ lzjk'/L ;flxTo;dfhn] k|sflzt u/]sf] xf] . g]kfnL;flxTodf gof“ z}nLsf rf]sfx¿ k9\grfxg] kf7sx¿sf nflu of] k':tsn]Pp6f cj;/ pknAw u/fPsf] 5 .k':tssf] d"No ! ;o ?k}of“ 5 .

cg'e"ltsjloqL k|ltdf >]i7sf !

;o !% j6f uLtsf] ;+u|x …cg'e"ltÚnfO{ k|ltdf klAns];gn] k|sflztu/]sf] xf] . uLtsf efjgfx¿ cfTd;ft\ug{ of] k':ts k9\g}k5{ . of] k':tssf]d"No ! ;o % ?k}of“ 5 .

k':ts

–:jb]z tyf ljb]zsf ##hgf snfsf/n] tof/ kf/]sflrqx¿sf] ;+o'Qm k|bz{gL l;4fy{cf6{ Uofn/L aa/dxndf hf/L5 . …cdfnudÚ zLif{ssf] pQmk|bz{gLdf zlz zfx, jT;uf]kfnj}B, b'uf{ a/fn, s[i0f dfgGw/,ls/0f dfgGw/, Zofdnfn >]i7,zlzsnf ltjf/L , / f lugLpkfWofo, ;Ldf zfx cflbsf lrq/flvPsf 5g\ . To;}u/L gof“k':tfdf cfzf 8+uf]n, cl:dgf

k|oTgu}/;/sf/L

; + : y f… c G w ft y fc k f ª \ us N o f 0 f; d f h Ú n ]b [ l i6ljxLgu f o s – uflosfx¿sf]:j/df ;+o'Qm uLlt;+u|x …k|oTgÚ>f]tfdfem NofPsf] 5 . b[li6ljxLgufos–uflosfnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug{tof/ kfl/Psf] of] ;+u|xdf k|lteftfdfª, cfzf /fO{, g]xf z]kf{, O{Zj/jnfdL, ejfgL /fgfdu/ tyfk|sfz ltdlN;gfsf] :j/ ;'Gg;lsG5 . ;+u|xdf zAb tyf ;+uLtla? sdn >]i7, k|ltef tfdfª, u0f]zk/fh'nL, eut /fO{, g]xf z]kf{, ldg'jfOaf Pj+ u0f]z u'?ªsf] 5 .

a6'jf;+uLtsf/ tyf

uLtsf/ z/0fl 5 g f d s f ]Psn uLlt;+u|x… a 6 ' j f Ú> f ] t f d f e mcfPsf ] 5 .; +u |xsf ] Pp6fuLt ho/fdlIflthn] n]v]sf 5g\ eg]cGo ;a} uLt l5gfdn] g} n]v]sf5g\ . ;+u|xdf /fh]z kfon /fO{,pbo ;f ]tfª, ;'/ ]z s'df/,hubLz ;dfn, /fds[i0f 9sfn,n f; ldt / fO { tyf / f ]zgu'?ªsf] 5 .

P /ftf ds}xf:osnfsf/ ls/0 f

s];Låf/f :j/a4 ePsf uLtx¿sf]lel;8L ;+u|x ahf/df cfPsf]5 . wf}nflul/ Sof;]6 ;]G6/n]ahf/df NofPsf] pQm uLlt;+u|xdfP /ftf ds} tyf s];L ls/0fuLt ;dfj]z 5g\ . ;'/]z clwsf/L/ zDe'lht af“:sf]6fsf] ;+uLt/x]sf] pQm ;+u|xdf ;'/]Gb| /fgfsf]zAb 5 . ufogdf s];LnfO{df08jL lqkf7L / ;'/]Gb| /fgfn];xof]u u/]sf 5g\

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Hof]= k++= cf]h/fh pkfWofo nf]xgL

of] ;ftfsf] k~rf·;fpg @# ut] M e"–;+/If0f lbj;, @$ ut] ljZj cflbjf;L lbj;

–ut z'qmaf/b]lv k'/fgf]afg]Zj/l:yt u'?s'ndf gf6s…6nsh+u e;]{h 6'Ns]Ú sf] d~rgk|f/De ePsf] 5 . of] gf6scfkm\gf] j+zh yfxf gePsf] 6'Ns]6nsh+udf ePsf] ¿kfGt/sf]syfdf cfwfl/t 5 . hf“8–/S;L,rf]/L, kmf]xf]/L af]nL / dlxnfk|ltsf]cfzlQmh:tf cju'0fn] el/Psf]kfq ;do kl/j]zn] NofPsf]qmflGtdf ;dflxt x'g k'U5, t/p;sf] gfddf cs}{n] kmfObflnG5 . ul/a kl/jf/df hlGdP/ljs[t ;+utdf x'ls{Psf] 6'Ns] ;x/k;]/ wg sdfpg klg ;kmn x'G5,To;kl5 p;sf] kl/ro 6nsh+uaGg k'U5 . rlr{t lrlgof “;flxTosf/ n'–;'gn] ;g\ !(!!b]lv @! ;Ddsf] lrlgof“ ;dfhsf]/ fhg } lts tyf ;fdf lhskl/j]znfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ n]v]sf]gf6s …cfx So'sf] ;f“rf]Ú nfO{g ]kfnL kl/j]zsf] dfcf ]jfbLhgo'4;“u t'ngf u/]/ vu]Gb|nfld5fg]n] gf6ssf] cfn]v tof/kf/]sf x'g\ . o;cl3 xf:o/;dfcfwfl/t …hft ;f]Wg' hf]uLsf]Úgf6s lgb]{zg u/]sf cg'k a/fnn]lgb]{zg u/]sf] of] gf6snfO{ Anfssd]8L z}nLsf] elgPsf] 5 . c9fO{306f ;do lat]sf] kQ} gkfOg]of] gf6sdf 6'Ns]sf] e"ldsfdfcfzfGt zdf{sf] clego hLjGt5 . gf6s cfh;Dd d~rg x'g]5 .of] gf6sdf cl:dtf e08f/L,ljqmd kl/of/, bofxfª\u /fO{, k'ikcfrfo{, /lZd e§ cflbn] clegou/]sf 5g\ .

;ftf Tolt /fd|f] 5}g . vr{ tyfljjfb a9\g] of]u 5 . sfddf cj/f]wcfpgfn] dgf]an 36\g ;S5 .;dodf lg0f{o gx'“bf cfk\mgf] sfddfc¿n] g} clwsf/ hdfpg ;S5g\ .s'/f sf6\g]x¿ a9\g]5g\ eg] :jf:You8a8 /xg ;S5 . cfOtaf/ tyf;f]daf/ dfg–;Ddfgsf ;fy} sfddf;kmntf ldNg] Pj+ k|;Ggtf a9\g] b]lvG5 .3/]n' ;d:ofn] ;tfpg ;S5 .

;do /fd|f] 5 . sfdsfhdf;kmntf k|fKt x'g'sf ;fy} wg cfh{gug]{ cj;/ h'6\g]5 . ofqf x'g;S5 .ef]h–et]/df ;+nUg x'g kfOg]5 .c¿n] ;xof]usf] xft a9fpg]5g\eg] kl/>dsf] plrt d"Nof+sgx'g]5 . cfOtaf/ tyf ;f]daf/ vr{,ljjfb Pj+ lrGtf a9\g] of]u 5 .unt ljrf/n] ;tfpg ;S5 .

dfg–;Ddfg ldNg'sf ;fy} c¿sf]dg lht]/ ;kmntf xfl;n ug{ ;lsg]5 .k/fqmd a9\g]5 . ;fg} k|of;df 7"nf]sfd kmQ] x'g ;S5 . cWoogdf xfl;nx'g] ;kmntf sfod} /xg]5 . ef]h–et]/df ;+nUg x'g kfOg]5 .d+unaf/ tyf a'waf/ vr{, ljjfbPj+ lrGtf a9\g] of]u 5 . s'/fsf6\g]x¿b]lv ;fjwfg /xg'xf]nf .

efUon] ;fy lbg]5 . k/fqmdPj+ k|;Ggtfsf ;fy} cfDbfgL klga9\g]5 . cw'/f sfd aGg] tyf gof“sfd kfOg] of]u 5 . ;f]Rg] zlQma9\g]5 eg] cWoogdf ;kmntfldNg ]5 . af ] Nbf cln xf ];k'¥ofpg'xf]nf . laxLaf/ vr{ tyfljjfbn] ;tfpg ;S5 . :jf:Yodfklg Wofg lbg'kg]{5 .

:jf:Yo lau|gfn] sfddfcj/f]w cfpg]5 . em"6f nf~5gf klgnfUg ;S5 . vr{ tyf ljjfb a9\g]5 . ;dodf lg0f{o gx'“bf cfk\mgf]sfddf c¿n] g} cl3sf/ hdfpg;S5g\ . cfOtaf/b]lv efUon] ;fylbg yfNg]5 . sfddf ;'wf/ cfpg]5eg] dfg–;Ddfg ldNg]5 . k/fqmda9\g'sf ;fy} cw'/f sfd aGg] tyfgof“ sfd kfOg] of]u 5 .

vr{ cln a9L g} xf]nf h:tf]5 . cfDbfgLdf klg sdL b]lv“b}g .k/fqmdsf] tLj|tf sfod} /xg]5 .ldqx¿sf] ;xof]u oyfjt\ /xg]5 .cWoogdf ;kmntf kfpg d'l:snknf{ . Joj;fo a9\g'sf ;fy} ofqf ug]{cj;/ h'6\g]5 . cfOaf/b]lv a'waf/;Dd:jf:Yo u8a8 /xg], sfddf cj/f]wcfpg] tyf lrGtf a9\g] of]u 5 .

;q'af6 ;hu /xg'xf]nf .:jf:Yon] klg ;fy 5f]8\g ;S5 .dg e8\lsg'sf ;fy} sfd lau|g];Defjgf 5 . s'/f sf6\g]x¿a9\g]5g\ . ckh; klg cfOnfUg;S5 . unt ljrf/n] ;tfpg] x'“bfw}o{ ug'{kg]{5 . cfOtaf/ tyf ;f]daf/k|;Ggtf a9\g]5 . Joj;fodf nfe Pj+wg cfh{g x'g] of]u 5 .

;do ;'wf/sf] qmddf 5 .;f]Rg] zlQm a9\g] tyf cWoogdf;kmntf ldNg] b]lvG5 . Joj;fodf nfeldNg]5 . zq' a9] klg lht tkfO{+s}x'g]5 . cfDbfgL Pj+ k/fqmd a9\g'sf;fy} cw'/f sfd aGg] tyf gof“ sfdkfOg] of]u 5 . laxLaf/ :jf:Yo u8a8/xg]5 eg] sfddf cj/f]w cfpg] tyflrGtf a9\g] b]lvG5 .

ldqx¿;“usf] e]6n] dg k|;Gg/xg]5 . af}l4stf a9\g'sf ;fy}cWoogdf ;kmntf xfl;n x'g]5 .k/fqmd a9\g'sf ;fy} zq' k/flhtx'g]5g\ . wfld{s sfo{df ?lra9\g]5 . efUon] klg ;fy lbg]5 .Joj;fodf nfe ldNg] b]lvG5 .ofqf ug]{ cj;/ h'6\g]5 . :jf:You8a8 /xg] x'“bf vfgkfgdf Wofglbg'xf]nf . n]gb]gdf cl3 ga9\g' g}plrt x'G5 .

cw'/f sfd aGg] tyf gof“ sfdkfOg] of]u 5 . cfkmGtx¿sf] ;xof]uk|fKt x'g'sf ;fy} cfDbfgLsf] tLj|tfsfod} /xg]5 . unt ljrf/n] ;tfpg]x'“bf w}o{ ug'{xf]nf . zq' k/flht x'g]5g\ .cWoogdf ;'wf/ cfpg] b]lv“b}g .d+unaf/ tyf a'waf/ lrGtf Pj+cl:y/tf a9\g]5 . s'/f sf6\g]x¿n] b'Mvlbg]5g\ . 3fp–rf]6sf] ;Defjgf klg 5 .

sfddf ;kmntf ldNg]5 .af]nLsf] k|efj, k|;Ggtf Pj+ k/fqmda9\g'sf ;fy} cw'/f sfd aGg] tyfgof“ sfd kfOg] of]u 5 . ofqfug]{ cj;/ h'6\g]5 . Joj;fodf j[l4x'g]5 . d+unaf/b]lv 3/]n' ;d:ofn];tfpg]5 eg] unt ljrf/ Pj+lrGtf a9\g] tyf sfddf cj/f]wcfpg] of]u 5 .

dfg–;Ddfg ldNg]5 . k/fqmda9\g]5 . ef]h–et]/df ;+nUgx'g'knf{ . af]nLsf] k|efj Pj+k/fqmd a9\g'sf ;fy} cw'/f sfdaGg] tyf gof“ sfd kfOg] of]u5 . wg cfh{g ug]{ cj;/ h'6\g]5 .wfld{s sfo{df dg hfg]5 .laxLaf/ 3/]n' ;d:ofn] ;tfpg]Pj+ lrGtf a9\g] b]lvG5 .

/l~ht, efO/fh dxh{g, ljgf]bk|wfg, lr/fu jfª\b]n, Pl/gftfd|fsf/, dgLifnfn >]i7, k|bLkah|frfo{, k|ldnf ah|frfo{ tyf;'hg lrqsf/n] sf]/]sf lrq klgk|bz{gLdf 5g\ . k|bz{gL ebf} #ut];Dd rNg]5 .

–g]kfnL snfnfO{ u|fdL0fIf]q;Dd k'¥ofpg] p2]Zo /fv]/ Psbh{g o'jfn] cfof]hgf u/]sf]lrqsnf k|bz{gL lxhf] ;DkGgePsf] 5 . k|bz{gLaf6 p7]sf]/sd gu/sf]6, kgf}tL tyfsf7df8f}+sf cgfyu[xdf /x]sfafnaflnsfnfO{ lrqsnf l;sfpgvr{ ul/g] s'/f cfof]hskIfn]hgfPsf] 5 . x6{la6 ;]l/h zLif{s/flvPsf] pQm k|bz{gLdf d~h':of}nf, ;kgf zfx, clgn dxh{g,pbo sdf{rfo{, /fhg dxh{g,/fh s]= k|hfklt, k|ldt 9sfn,;'hg 8+uf]n, cfe"if0f b'jfn …e"if0fÚ,;lrg o'un >]i7, ;Gtf]if >]i7tyf d]vaxfb'/ lnDa'sf lrq;dfj]z lyP .

Page 3: SAPTAHIK 7nf kbf] df{ gof“ cg 'xf/sf ] cf ]O/f ]himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/.../pdf/Saptahik_13_12.pdf · ;~rf/sdL{ e "if0f bfxfnn lgb ]zg u/]{ sf rnlrq …sfua ]gLÚ af6 rf/ gof“

;fpg !*, @)^$ Aug. 3, 2007 #

;+ljwfg;ef JolQm–cleJolQm

Psk6s ; + ljwfg;efsf ]lgjf{rg 6l/;Sof] . k]ml/ klglgjf{rg ;fg]{ cj:yf cfof] eg] Tof];ft ;fnsf] glh/ bf]xf]l/G5 . o:tf]eof] eg] ;/sf/sf] nf]slk|otfv:sg] dfq xf]Og, b]zs} nflu klgb'ef{Uo x'g;S5 . hgtfdf ljsl;t/fhg}lts r]tgf, d'n'ssf] cj:yfcflbn] klg ca ;+ljwfg;ef s;}n]rfx]/ klg 6g{ ;Sg] cj:yfdf 5}g .To;}n] klg d eGg ;S5', d+l;/df;+ljwfg;ef x'G5 .wd{gfyk|;fb ;fx, k"j{;fdfGo k|zf;g

dGqL tyf g]tf, g]skf -Pdfn]_xfdLn ] h:t } ;a } bnn]

;+ljwfg;efnfO { nlI ft u/ ] /cfkm \gf sfo{stf{nfO{ k|lzIf0fsfo {qmd /fVg 'k5{ . cf7 bnldn]/ ;+ljwfg;efdf hfg'k5{eGg]n ] ;+ ljwfg;efsf ] r]tgfa9fpg klg k|lzIf0f sfo{qmdx¿cl3 a9fpg 'k5 { , t/ g ]skf-Pdfn]_ n] dfq} ;+ljwfg;efsf]k|lzIf0f rnfpg'n] s] a'emfp“5eg] of] bnnfO{ dfq r'gfjsf]xtf/f] /x]5, c¿sf nflu of] ukmug]{ dfWod dfq xf] ls h:tf] nfUgyfn]sf] 5 .o'j/fh 1jfnL, g]tf, g]skf -Pdfn]_

;+ljwfg;efk|lt k'?ifx¿n] hltrf;f] lbPsf 5g\, Tolt rf;f]dlxnfn] lbPsf] b]lv“b}g . caklxn]h:tf] tls{P/, dnfO{ yfxf 5}geg]/ xfdLn] ;'v kfp“b}gf} . /fhg}ltsclwsf/ vf]Hg]n] To;sf] 1fg klg/fVg'k5{ . hfgsf/L gx'g ]nfO {hfgsf/L u/fpg'k5{ . dfG5]n] of]geg"g\ ls dlxnfx¿ clwsf/ dfqvf]H5g\, c¿ s]xL ub}{gg\ .

;fxgf k|wfg, k//fi6«dGqLs'g} klg b]zeQm g]kfnLsf nflu

;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{Rfg hLjg–d/0fsf]k|Zg a/fa/ 5 . hf] JolQm, ;+:yf

;ftf ;+If]k;ftf ;+If]k;fpg !!— Ps} lbg k/]sf] em/Ln]

b]zel/ @ xhf/ % ;o kl/jf/lj:yflkt, t/fO{sf w]/}h;f] lhNnfdfoftfoft tyf ljB't\ cj?4 .

• ;Nofgdf uPsf] klx/f]n] Ps}kl/jf/sf % sf] d[To' .

• emfkf, ;Kt/L, k;f { tyflrtjgdf efO/n Hj/f] b]lvof],;oeGbf a9L c:ktfn egf{ .

• ef/tn] af“w gvf]Nbf ;LdfIf]qsfufp “ 8'afgdf k/]sf] eGb};f+;bx¿åf/f ;/sf/nfO{ ef/t;“ut'?Gt} gof“ ;xdlt ug{ dfu .

• z/0ffyL{ ;d:ofdf jftf{ ug{e'6fgåf/f c:jLsf/, z/0ffyL{nfO{;]K6]Da/b]lv cd]l/sf nlug] .

;fpg !@— t/fO{ If]qdf cfPsf]af9Laf6 kLl8tnfO{ ;xof]u ug{af9LkLl8t p4f/ ;ldlt u7g,cem} s]xL lbg jiff{ x'g] df};dlj1fg ljefusf] cg'dfg .

• jt{dfg ;'/Iff ;+oGqn] lgjf{rg x'gg;Sg] ;+;b\sf] lgisif{, ;f+;bx¿åf/f;'/Iff gLltsf] dfu .

• z'qmaf/sf] af9Laf6 yk b'O{afns;lxt $ sf ] d [To ' ,g]kfnuGh hndUg, /f}tx6df;o 3/ elTsP, t/fO{df p8fggx'“bf xjfO{ ofq' ljrNnLdf .

• ljZj a} +såf/f g]kfn a} +slnld6]8df lj1 Joj:yfkggNofP ;xof]u /f]Sg] r]tfjgL .

;fpg !#— ;/sf/ tyf dw];Lhgflwsf/ kmf]/daLr ePsf] jftf{ljgf lgisif{ 6'ª\luof], kmf]/dn] ;+;b\lj36gsf] dfu /fVof] .

• ;/sf/åf/f Ps ;ftfleq/fodfemL k|ltj]bg ;fj{hlgsug]{ k|lta4tf .

• k|jL0ftf k|df0fkq txdf o;k6sklg egf{ lnOg] lg0f{o .

;fpg !$— emf8fkvfnfaf6 /fd]5fktyf ;Nofgdf !@ hgfsf] d[To',( hgf uDeL/ cj:yfdf .

• bf ]nvfdf k|x/L–jfO {;LPnle8Gt, k|lhcdfly s'6lk6,rl/sf]6df skm\o'{ .

• af9Laf6 @ nfv lj:yflkt,b]zsf @* lhNnf k|efljt,dg]{x¿sf] ;+Vof &! k'Uof] .

• g]kfnL sf+u|];sf ;f+;b l8NnL/fhzdf{sf] %* jif{sf] pd]/dfXbof3ftaf6 lgwg .

;fpg !%— bf]nvfdf dfcf]jfbLåf/ful/Psf] k | lhc s'6lk6sf ];j{q lj/f ]w, u[xdGqLåf/fsf/afxL ug] { k|lta4tf .

• af9L klx/f] cem} sd ePg,yk rf/sf] d[To' .

• bf ]nvfdf k |d 'v lhNnfclwsf/Ldfly xftkft u/]sf]ef]lnkN6 jfO{;LPnåf/f kf“ry/lhlj; cfjf;u[x tf]8kmf]8 .

;fpg !^— DofUbLsf dxfjL/k'gnfO{ Dofu;];] k'/:sf/ .

• gjnk/f;Lsf] em\ofn6'ª8f“8fl:ytc:yfoL SofDkaf6 Ps xhf/dfcf]jfbL ;]gfn] lzlj/ 5f8],lzlj/df cf}iflw tyf :j:Yovfg]kfgLsf] cefj, hg;]gfåf/fcfk \ mg } sdfG8/ tyfkf6L{sf] cfnf]rgf .

• t/fO{sf lhNnfdf af9L tyfkxf8df klx/f]sf] cft+s hf/L,yk & sf] d[To' .

• bf]nvfdf k|lhcdfly cfqmd0fug]{x¿nfO{ Hofg d'2f nufpg];/sf/L tof/L, @* kqmfp .

• stf/df /f]huf/Lsf nflu uPsfsfdbf/dWo] ̂dlxgfdf &@ sf] d[To',kl5Nnf] !* lbgdf * dfl/P .

• g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf] s]Gb|Loa}7sdf d+l;/ ^ df ;+ljwfg;efx'g g;Sg] 7x/ .

tyf bn ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgsf]lj/f]wdf 5, ;Demg'xf];\ pm b]zlj/f]wLxf] . ;+ljwfg;efn] dfq dw];L,hghflt, blnt, dlxnf Pj+ lk5l8Psfju{sf ;DaGwdf gLlt agfpg ;S5 .To;}n] klg ;+ljwfg;efsf nfludl/d]6]/ cl3 a9\g'k5{ ./fd/fhfk|;fb l;+x, jl/i7 /fhgLlt1

dw];df ;+ljwfg;efsf]lgjf{rg layf]lnG5 eGg] h'gcg'dfg ul/“b}5, Tof] unt 5 .jf:tjdf ;+ljwfg;ef dw];nfO{

rflxPsf ] 5, To;}n] pgLx¿;+ljwfg;ef rfx“b}gg\ eGg] k|rf/g} unt 5 . xf], dw];L hgclwsf/kmf]/d tyf s]xL lx+;fTds /fhgLltul//x]sfx¿n] o;sf] lj/f]w unf{g\t/ dw];L hgclwsf/ kmf]/dsf] hgfwf/5}g . dw];df /fd|f] k|rf/ ug]{ xf] eg];+ljwfg;efsf af/]df dflg;n]aem\g]5g\ . To;}n] bnx¿n];+ljwfg;efsf af/]df hgr]tgfkm}nfpg'kg]{ cfjZostf 5 ./Tg]Zj/ uf]Ot, hgsk'/sf :yfgLo g]tf

u[xdGqLsf] lgb]{zg tyf xfd|f]nfdf ] cg'ejaf6 xfdLn];+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg s;/Leo/lxt tyf lgikIf ¿kdf ug{;lsG5 eGg] l;nl;nfdf ljz]if ;'/Iffof]hgf agfPsf 5f}+ . xfdL d+l;/ ^cl3 g} lgjf{rg ePsf] cj:yfdfklg To;nfO{ ;'/Iff lbg ;Sg]cj:yfdf k'u]sf lyof}+ . clxn] cem;lhnf] ePsf] 5 . zflGtk"0 f {jftfj/0fsf nflu bnx¿sf ];xof ]u x 'g ] lalQs} xfdLnfO {

lbOPsf] lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug]{5f}{+ .cf]dljqmd /f0ff, k|x/L dxflg/LIfs

;+ljwfg;ef lgjf {rgdfdlxnfx¿nfO{ ## k|ltzt l;6;'/lIft ug{ t ufXf] 5 eg] ;+;b;ª\Vof %) k|ltzt k'¥ofpgcem uf¥xf] 5 . To;}n] ;a}bnldn]/ ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgdf ##k|ltzteGbf a9L dlxnfn] ;+;bdfk | lt lg lwTj x 'g ] u/ L g L ltlgdf {0 f ug ' {k5 { . o;sf nfluk " 0 f { ;dfg 'k f lts lgjf {rg

k|0ffnLdf hfg} k5{ .ci6nIdL zfSo, g]t[, g]skf -Pdfn]_

d+;L/df ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgx'G5 eGg] s'g} cfwf/ 5}g . oBlkg]kfnL hgtf u0ftGq rfxG5g\, g]kfnLhgtf kl/jt{g rfxG5g\, pgLx? g]t[Tjkl/jt{g ePsf] x]g{ rfxG5g\ . oL ;a} s'/f;+ljwfg;ef lagf ;+ej 5}g . hgtfsf]

oxL rfxgfsf sf/0f d+l;/df ;+ljwfg;efx'G5 eGg] ljZjf; xf] .hgfb{g zdf{, ljwfos, g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_

;+ljwfg;efcl3 g} g]kfnnfO{lxGb' /fi6« 3f]lift ug'{k5{ . ;lsb}geg] b]znfO{ lxGb' /fi6« g} /fVg] lsg/fVg] eg]/ hgtf;“u /fo lnghgdt; +u |xdf hfg ' k5 { .dfcf]jfbLsf] cf8df hgcfGbf]ng–@ df p7\b} gp7]sf] wd{lg/k]If /fi6«3f]if0ff ug'{ ;a} lxGb'sf nflu b'ef{Uoxf] . xfdLn] To;s} lj/f]w :j?k g]kfnl8km]G; cfdL{sf] :yfkgf u/]sf xf}+ .kl/jt{g, k|d'v, g]kfn l8k]mG; cfdL{

d+l;/df ;+ ljwfg;efsf ]lgjf{rg ePg eg] cf7 bnn]hgtfsf] ljZjf; u'dfpg] 5g\ .ljb]zLx?sf] ;dy{g klg 36\b} hfg]5 .o:tf] cj:yf cfof] eg] b]zn] 7"nf]b'3{6gfsf] lzsf/ x'g'kg]{5 . olb b]znfO{pwf/f]af6 arfpg] / gub sf/f]jf/ ug]{xf] eg] d+l;/df lgjf{rg gu/L x'“b}g .

x[bo]z lqkf7L, c;Gt'i6 g]tf,g]kfn ;b\efjgf kf6L{ -cfgGbLb]jL_

Page 4: SAPTAHIK 7nf kbf] df{ gof“ cg 'xf/sf ] cf ]O/f ]himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/.../pdf/Saptahik_13_12.pdf · ;~rf/sdL{ e "if0f bfxfnn lgb ]zg u/]{ sf rnlrq …sfua ]gLÚ af6 rf/ gof“

;fpg !*, @)^$ Aug. 3, 2007

c“Wof/f]af6 pHofnf]lt/ a9\g, g5'6fp“m ;fKtflxs klqsfx¿ k9\g.;f}hGo M ;fKtflxs–kflIfs klqsf /fli6«o ;~hfn

…tLtf] ;ToÚ :tDesf nflu cfkm"n]b]v]sf, ef]u]sf s6' ;To k7fpg xflb{scg'/f]w 5 .

—;Dkfbs

– dfof kljq Pj+ lgZrnx'G5 h;n] k | f0f lbG5 t/k|f0f ln“b}g .

– cfkm "n ] dfof u/ ]sf ]d f lg; cfkm "eGbf c¿; “uv '; L /x G5 eg ] p;nfO {v ' ; L b ] V g ' g } d f o f s f ];fy {stf xf ] .

kbd du/, ;nf{xL– c:ki6 ;f]rfO ePsf]

dflg;n] slxNo} ;xL gLltagfpg ;Sb}g .

– cfTdljZjf; gePsf]d f l g; ;w } + euj fg \ s f ]e/f];fdf af“R5 .

– ;sf/fTds / ;'vL x'“bflhGbuL ;/n nfU5 eg] b'MvL clggsf/fTds aGof] eg] lhGbuLhl6n aG5 .

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/fd|f] x'G5 . sn]hsf lgb]{zs tyfxf]6n Joj;foL ;+3 -xfg_ sflgjt{dfg cWoIf g/]Gb| ah|frfo{sfcg';f/ Kn; 6'df xf]6n Dofg]hd]G6nfO{Pp6f ljifosf ¿kdf dfq ;dfj]zul/g'eGbf OG6/ldl8o6 l8Knf]dfsf¿kdf nfg ;s] o;n] xfo/ l8Knf]dfnfO{alnof] cfwf/ k|bfg ug]{ 5 ;fy}OG6/ldl8o6 l8Knf]dfkl5 xfo/ l8Knf]dfug{ afWofTds l:ylt l;h{gf geO{;Lw} g]t[Tj tx;Ddsf] sfo{If]qdfnfg ;lsG5 . b 'O { ji f {sf ]OG6/ldl8o6 l8Knf]df cWoogsfqmddf % ;fdfGo ljifo tyf $xf]6n Dofg]hd]G6;“u ;DalGwtljifo cWofkg u/fOG5 . o'/f]ksf];fhau{ o'lgel;{6L ckm PKnfO8;fOG;]hsf] ;DaGwg lnPsf] of]sn]hn] Kn; 6' tyf k|df0fkq txpQL0f{ ljBfyL{sf nflu …xfo/l8Knf]dfÚ sf];{ klg ;~rfng ub}{cfPsf] 5 . :jL; :s'n ckm 6'l/Hd

PG8 xl:k6fln6L, OlG:6Ro'6 ckm6'l/Hd PG8 xf]6n Dofg]hd]G6 h:tf;+:yfgaf6 ;DaGwg / k|fljlws;xof]u k|fKt of] sn]hn] cf}Bf]lustflnd Pj+ ljleGg k|of]ufTdssIffx¿sf nflu ljBfyL {nfO {j}b]lzs cj;/ klg k|bfg ub}{ cfPsf]5 . tLg jif]{ xfo/ l8Knf]dfkl5Ps jif{sf] cg;{ Aofrn/ sf];{sf]Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . ljBfyL{n]xl:k6fln6L Dofg]hd]G6 tyfs'lng/L cf6{ Dofg]hd]G6 zLif{sdfljlzi6 >]0fLsf] cg;{ sf];{ xfl;nug{ ;S5g\ . sn]hn] ;DaGwgk|fKto'lgel;{6Laf6 bIf k|fWofks lemsfO{ljz]if sIff klg ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf]5 . sn]hsf lgb]{zs t]haxfb'/9sfnsf cg';f/ ToxL ljifo oxf“k9\bf OG6/ldl8o6 l8Knf]dfnfO{ !nfv %) xhf/ ?k}of“ tyf xfo/l8Knf]dfnfO{ # nfv @% xhf/ ?k}of“nfU5 eg] ljb]zdf k9\of] eg]Go"gtd $) nfvb]lv ^) nfv?k}of“ vr{ nfU5 .

n}grf}/l:yt …l;Ne/ dfpG6]g:s'n ckm xf]6n Dofg]hd]G6 sn]hÚn] cd]l/sfsf] Ph's];g OlG:6Ro'6ckm cd]l/sg xf]6n PG8 nlhªP;f]l;P;gaf6 ;DaGwg k|fKt u/]sf]5 . g]kfn ;/sf/ lzIff dGqfnosf]:jLs[ltk|fKt pQm sn]hdf xf]6nDofg]hd]G6sf] rf/ jif]{ kf7\oqmd5 . ;}4flGts ljifoeGbf k|of]ufTdsljifo a9L l;sfpg'kg]{ ePsfn] of]sn]hn] k|To]s jif { ^) hgf5fq5fqfnfO{ dfq egf{ lnG5 . pQmsn]hn] o;} jif{b]lv qm]l86 Snf;sf]klg Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . g]kfndfk|To]s jif{ * bh{gsf] xf/fxf/LdfhgzlQm pTkfbg x'g yfn]kl5clxn ] g ]kfnsf :t/Lo tf/ ]xf]6nx¿n] klg ;Dks{ u/L xfdLnfO{o:tf] hgzlQm olt rflxof] eg]/dfu ug{ yfn]sf] sn]hsf lk|lG;kn;ld/ yfkf atfp“5g\ . o;} jif{b]lvpQm sn ]hn ] cd ] l/sf l:ytxl:k6fln6L Ps]8]dL;“u ;DaGw /fvLd]l/6sf cfwf/df OG6g{l;ksf] Psjif{ tyf 5 dlxg] sf];{sf nflulk|:6g o'lgel;{6Laf6 ;DaGwglnPsf] 5 . ! ;o ̂ % b]zdf qm]l866«fG:km/ ug{ ;lsg] pQm sn]hdfcWoogsf nflu @ nfv *) xhf/

?k }of “ vr{ nfU5 . s ' lng/LDofg]hd]G6 -s'lsª_ sf] ! jif]{ sf];{;~rfng u/]sf] pQm sn]hn] x/]sjif{ !@ hgf ljBfyL{nfO{ -;z'Ns_OG6g{l;ksf nflu cd]l/sf k7fp“5 .

k"jf{~rn ljZjljBfnoaf6;DaGwgk | f Kt gof “ afg ]Zj/a '4gu/l:yt …sflGtk'/ xf]6nDofg]hd]G6 sn]hÚ df xf]6nDofg]hd]G6cGtu{t xfp; lslkª, k|mG6clkm;, km'8 PG8 j]e/]h ;le{;, xf]6nPsfplG6ª, km'8 k|f]8S;g PG8 k]l:6«hcflb ljifodf cWofkg u/fOG5 . xf]6nDofg]h]dG6 lzIffdf 5f]6f] ;dod}nf]slk|otf xfl;n u/]sf] of] sn]hn]g]kfnL cfo;|f]tnfO{ dWogh/ u/]/cf};t z'Nsdf u'0f:t/Lo lzIffk|bfg ug]{ gLlt lnPsf] 5 . sn]hn]tLg jif]{ :gfts sfo{qmddf s'n&% ljBfyL{ egf{ sf]6f 5'6\ofPsf]5 . sn]hn] of] ljifodf bIf hgzlQmpTkfbg ug]{ p2]Zo cg'¿k :jb]ztyf ljb]zsf tf/] xf]6nx¿dfOG6g{l;k sIffsf] Joj:yf klgldnfPsf] 5 . sn]hsf lk|lG;knk|tfk hf]zLsf cg';f/ o;} jif{b]lvb'aO{sf] kf“rtf/] xf]6ndf ;z'NsOG6g{l;ksf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .sn ]hn ] utjif {b ] lv xf ]6nDofg]hd]G6nfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]x l:k6f ln6L PG8 Sof6l/ªDofg]hd]G6sf] $ jif]{ sf];{ klgcWofkg u/fp“5 . of] sf];{ cGtu{txfp; lslkª, k|mG6 clkm; ck/];gDofg]hd]G6, km'8 PG8 j]e/]h ;le{;,km '8 k | f ]8S;g, a ]s/L PG8sGkm]S;g/L, Sof6l/ª Dofg]hd]G6,cf6{ PG8 ;fOG; ckm s'lng/Llk|k/];g, Dofg]hd]G6 OGkmd{];g

l;:6d, Sofl;gf] Dofg]hd]G6,k|flS6sn sl:6ª PG8 k|fOl;ª,xl:k6fln6L PG8 6'l/Hd OG6«f]8S;g,xf]6n OlGhlgol/ª PG8 d]G6]G;,xfOlhg PG8 ;]lg6];g Dofg]hd]G6,; 'k/ lehg Dofg ]hd ] G6 Ogxl:k6fln6L OG8:6«L cWofkgu/fOG5 . ljZjdf g} xf]6n PG8xl:k6fln6L lzIffsf] k|a4{g ug]{Vofltk|fKt cGt/f {li6 «o ;+:yf…OG6/g];gn r]/LÚ ;“u sn]hn];Da4tf k|fKt u/]sf] 5 . sn]hn]j}b]lzs cWoogdf hfg rfxg]ljBfyL{sf nflu qm]l86 6«fG;km/sf]Joj:yf ;d ]t u/ ]s f ] 5 .; ' ljwf;DkGg k |of ]uzfnfsf ]Joj:yf ePsf ] of ] sn ]hn ]clxn];Dd b'O{j6f :gfts ;d"xpTkfbg ul/;s]sf] 5 . sn]hn]3/ ;hfj6;DaGwL tLg jif ] {:gfts txsf] kf7\oqmd klgcWofkg u/fp“b} cfPsf] 5 .

To;}u/L sf7df8f}+ Ps]8]dLckm 6'l/Hd PG8 xl:k6fln6L -Sof6_n] 6«fen PG8 6'l/Hd cGtu{tsf]k f7 \oqmddf klg xf ]6nDofg]hd]G6sf w]/} ljifodf cWofkgu/fp“b } cfPsf] 5 . sn]hsflk|lG;kn ;'lw/ clwsf/Lsf cg';f/xf]6n Dofg]hd]G6 cGtu{t vfgfksfpg], vfgf ;e{ ug]{, xfp;lslkªafx]ssf ;a} ljifo 6«fen PG86'l/Hddf cWofkg u/fOG5 . 6«fenPG8 6'l/Hddf :gftsf]Q/ tx cWofkgu/fpg] g]kfns} Ps dfq sn]h Sof6n]of] ljifodf :gfts txsf] sfo{qmdklg ;~rfng u/]sf] 5 . sn]hn]k"jf{~rn ljZjljBfnosf] ;DaGwglnPsf] 5 .

Page 7: SAPTAHIK 7nf kbf] df{ gof“ cg 'xf/sf ] cf ]O/f ]himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/.../pdf/Saptahik_13_12.pdf · ;~rf/sdL{ e "if0f bfxfnn lgb ]zg u/]{ sf rnlrq …sfua ]gLÚ af6 rf/ gof“

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Jofjxfl/s l;sfO k4ltdf sf7df8f}+ ljZjljBfnosf7df8f } + ljZjljBfno

Joj:yfkgdf k"0f{ :jfoQtf k|fKtz}lIfs ;+:yf xf] . cGt/f{li6«o :t/sf]ljZjljBfnosf ¿kdf 1fg /k|ljlwsf] ljsf; u/L b]zsf] ;]jfug'{nfO{ o;n] cfkm\gf] d"n dGq;lDemPsf] 5 . of] ljZjljBfnosf]Oltxf; sf7df8f}+ EofnL SofDk;;“uhf]l8Psf] 5 . pQm SofDk;sf]:yfkgf ;g\ !(*% df ePsf] lyof] .EofnL SofDk;n] ;'?df lqe'jgljZjljBfnoaf6 ;DaGwg k|fKTfu/]sf] lyof] . Toxf“ k|df0fkq txdflj1fgsf sIffx¿ ;~rflnt lyP .;g\ !((! df ;+;b\af6 P]g kfl/tePkZrft \ pQm SofDk;n ]ljZjljBfnosf] ¿k lnPsf] lyof] .To;kl5 ;g\ !((# b]lv sf7df8f}+ljZjljBfnon] Joj:yfkgdf:gftsf]Q/ txsf] cWofkg k|f/Deu¥of] . of] ljZjljBFnon] ;g\ !(($df OlGhlgol/ª, kmfd]{;L, hLj lj1fgtyf jftfj/0f lj1fgh:tf cfw'lgsljifodf :gfts txsf] cWofkg klgk|f/De u¥of] . k|fljlws tyfJofjxfl/s ljifo tyf of]Uo Pj+bIf …l6lrªÚ :6fkmx¿sf sf/0f klgsf7df8f } + ljZjljBfnonsfpTkfbgx¿ cGo ljZjljBfnosf]t'ngfdf cAan dflgG5g\ .

of ] ljZjljBfnocGtu{tljleGg z}lIfs sfo{qmd ;~rfngsfnflu xfn ^ j6f :s'n 5g\ . :s'nckm ;fOG:faf6 k|f/De ePsf tL:s'nn] lg/Gt/ ¿kdf k|fljlwsljifosf ljleGg z}lIfs sfo{qmdyKb } uPsf 5g\ . sf7df8f } +ljZjljBfnon] k|df0fkq txsfsIFfb]lv lnP/ ljleGg z}lIfssfo{qmdcGtu{t $ jif]{ :gftstxsf sIFfx¿ klg ;~rfngul//x]sf] 5 . g]kfndf $ jif] {:gfts sfo{qmd tyf ;]d]:6/k|0ffnL ckgfpg] >]o klg sf7df8f}+ljZjljBfnonfO{ hfG5 .

:s'n ckm cf6{;\:s'n ckm cf6{ \;cGtu{t

dfgljsL ;+sfosf ljleGg ljifosf7df8f}+ ljZjljBfnodf cWoogug{ ;lsG5 . ljZjljBfno cfkm+}n];+uLt, a'l4:6 :6l8h tyf kmfOgcf6{\;sf sIffx¿ ;~rfng u/]sf]

5 . ;+uLtdf l8Knf]df, :gfts /:gftsf]Q/ txsf] k9fO x'G5 .l8Knf]df sf];{ Ps jif{sf] 5, h;dfef]sn, lutf/ / tanf u/L #ljifosf] 1fg lbOG5 . sf7df8f}+ljZjljBfnodf c+u|]hL, Do'lhsYof}/L, ;+;f/sf] Oltxf; tyfg ]kfnsf ] O ltxf;, e "uf ]n ,;dfhzf:q / dfgjzf:q ljifosf];d]t cWofkg x'G5 . of] ljifopQL0f{x¿ / s'g} klg ljifodf Kn;6' cyjf k|df0fkq tx pQL0f{u/]sfx¿ :gfts txdf egf{ x'g;S5g\ . o;df ;+uLt;DaGwLP8\efG; sf];{ cWofkg x'G5 .To;kl5 :gftsf]Q/ txsf] sIFfnfO{PdP Og OYgf]Do'lhsf]nf]hL elgG5,h;df OYgf]Do'lhsf]nf]hL, cf]/n6«]lgª / ;+uLtsf af/]df ;]ldgf/x¿x'G5g\ . s'g} klg ljifodf :gftspQL0f{x¿ ;d]t o;df egf{sf nfluof]Uo dflgG5g\ .

a ' l4:6 :6l8hcGtu {t:gfts Pj+ :gftsf]Q/ txsf]k9fO x'G5 . of] ljifocGtu{ta'4bz{g, ltAatL efiff, a'4 wd{Pj+ lxdfno If]q;DaGwL cWoogul/G5 . sf7df8f}+ ljZjljBfnon]ljb]zaf6 a'4bz{g;DaGwL cWoog

ug{ cfpg]x¿sf nflu klg ljz]if;d/ Kofs ]hsf sfo{qmdx¿cfof]lht u5{ .

x\o'dg PG8 g]r'/n l/;f];{:6l8h eg]/ Pp6f gof“ ljifosf]cWofkg klg sf7df8f } +ljZjljBfnodf x'G5 . ;g\ @))$b]lv o;sf] cWofkg k|f/De ul/Psf]xf] . of] ljifo g]kfnd} klxnf] xf] .blIf0f Pl;ofd} of] ljifo cWofkgu/fpg] klxnf] ljZjljBfno ePsf]bfjL klg ljZjljBfnosf] 5 . of]ljifodf df:6;{ l8u|L;Dd ug{;lsG5 . ;f];n ;fOG;, g]r'/n;fOG;, kf]ln;L / 6'n d]y8 js{zkcflb ljifo o;df cWoog ul/G5 .s'g} klg ljifodf %) k|ltzt c+sk|fKt u/]sf ljBfyL{ of] ljifocWoogsf nflu of]Uo dflgG5g\ .

sf7df8f} + ljZjljBfnodfAofrn/ ckm kmfOg cf6{\;;DaGwLcWofkg klg x'G5 . s'g} klgljifodf Kn; 6' jf k|df0fkq txpQL0f{x¿ of] ljifo cWoog ug{;S5g\ . k]lG6ª, :sNkr/ tyfu|flkms l8hfOg;DaGwL Jofjxfl/scWoog o;df ul/G5 . To;}u/LblIf0f Pl;ofnL snfsf af/]df;}4flGts cWoog;d]t o;df x'g]

s'/f sfo{qmd ;+of ]hs ;"bglrqsf/ atfp“5g\ . s'g} klgljifodf Kn; 6' jf k|df0fkq txpQL0f{ u/]sfx¿n] egf{sf nflucfj]bg lbg ;S5g\ . 8«Oª 6]:6,c +u | ]hL efi f f k/LI f0 f Pj +cGtjf{tf{kZrft\ egf{sf nflupgLx¿nfO{ 5gf}6 ul/G5 .

sf7df8f}+ ljZjljBfno;“u;DaGwg k|fKTf u/L ljleGg sn]hn]klg sIffx¿ ;~rfng u/]sf 5g\ .;]G6 h]leo;{ sn]hn] ;f]l;onjs{df :gfts txsf] sIFf ;~rfng

u/]sf] 5 . $% l;6 /x]sf] of] sf];{k"/f ug{ # jif{ nfU5 . Kn; 6' jfk|df0fkq tx pQL0f{x¿n] of] ljifocWoog ug{ ;S5g\ . of] ljifodf;f]l;on js{ / d]yf]8f]nf]hL;DaGwL% ljifo / ;fOsf]nf]hLsf % ljifocWoog ug'{k5{ . To;afx]s c+u|]hL,g]kfnL / sDKo'6/ ;fOG; clgjfo{ljifosf ¿kdf cWoog ug'{k5{ .

g];gn sn]hn] 8]enkd]G6:6l8hdf :gfts txsf] sIff;~rfng u5{ . Kn; 6' cyjfk|df0fkq tx pQL0f{x¿n] of] ljifocWoog ug{sf nflu cfj]bg lbg;S5g\ . ut jif{b]lv sf7df8f}+ljZjljBfnon] ldl8of :6l8hdf:gfts txsf] sIFf klg k|f/Deu/]sf] 5 .

:s'n ckm Ph's];g;g\ !((& df :s'n ckm

Ph's];gsf] :yfkgf ePsf] xf] . ;'?dfw'lnv]n gu/kflnsfcGtu{tsf k|fyldsPj+ dfWolds ljBfnosf lzIfsx¿sfnflu tflndsf] cfof]hgf u/]sf]lyof] . ;g\ !((* df o;n] Pdlkmn/ kLPr8L sfo{qmd k|f/De u¥of] .xfn dfWolds ljBfnosf lzIfssfnflu kf]:6 Uo|fh'P6 l8Knf]df OgPh's];g sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/Psf]5 . To;}u/L df:6/ Og Ph's];gsfo{qmd klg ;~rflnt 5 . /fd|f]lzIfs jGg rfxg]x¿ of] ljifocWoog ug{ ;S5g\ . o;df egf{sfnflu :gfts pQL0f{ x'g'k5{ .

:s'n ckm OlGhlgol/ªOlGhlgol/ªdf :gfts tyf

:gftsf]Q/ txsf sIFfx¿ sf7df8f}+o'lgel;{6Ln] cfkm}+ ;~rfng u5{ .:gfts txdf sDKo'6/, On]lS6«snPG8 On]S6«f]lgS;, d]sflgsn /lhof]Dofl6S; ljifosf] cWofkgx ' G5 . On ] lS6 «sn PG8On]S6«f]lgS;cGtu{t sDo'lgs];g /kfj/ PG8 sG6«f]ndf 5'6\6f5'6\6}:k];nfOh];g ug{ ;lsG5 . oL ;j}lji fo cWoog ug {sf nf lucfO{=P:;L= cyjf Kn; 6'df lj1fgljifo lnPs} x'g'k5{ . k|j]z k/LIFfdfpQL0f { x 'g ]x¿dWo ]af6 klgof]Uotfqmddf kg]{x¿ dfq egf{sfnflu of]Uo x'G5g\ . :gftsf]Q/txdf sDKo'6/, sDo'lgs];g tyfd]sflgsn OlGhlgol/ª cWoogug{ ;lsG5 .

:s'n ckm ;fOG;P;Pn;Ldf sd;]sd ^)

k|ltzt c+s k|fKt u/]sf tyf c+u|]hL,ul0ft / lj1fgdf %) k|ltzteGbfa9L c+s k|fKt u/]sf ljBfyL{x¿n]of] ljifo k9\gsf nflu cfj]bg lbg;S5g\ . oL tLg} ljifodf k|j]zk/LIff lnOG5 . of]Uotfqmddf kg{;Sg] ljBfyL{x¿ egf{ x'g kfp“5g\ .of] jif{sf nflu hDdf (^ hgfljBfyL{ egf{ Ifdtf /x]sf] :s'nckm ;fOG;sf ;xfos 8Lg 8f=/0faxfb/ If]qLn] atfP . egf{x'gsf nflu ljleGg ljifo zLif{ssfnflu @! xhf/ # ;o %) ?k}ofa'emfpg'k5{ . To;}u/L klxnf]jif{el/sf nflu k/LIFf z'Ns, sf];{

af“sL k[i7 @) df

Page 8: SAPTAHIK 7nf kbf] df{ gof“ cg 'xf/sf ] cf ]O/f ]himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/.../pdf/Saptahik_13_12.pdf · ;~rf/sdL{ e "if0f bfxfnn lgb ]zg u/]{ sf rnlrq …sfua ]gLÚ af6 rf/ gof“

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gof“ /f]8Dofkdf kf]v/f ljZjljBfnosf:sL lhNnfsf] n]vgfy

gu/kf lnsfl:yt kf ]v/fljZjljBfno lj=;+= @)%$ ;fndf:yfkgf ePsf] xf] . :yfkgfsfnb]lvg } ljBfyL {x¿sf ] Ifdtf Pj +l;h{gzLntf k|:km'6g u/fpg]bL3{sfnLg nIodf clek|]l/t eP/sfd ub{} cfPsf] of] ljZjljBfnon]:t/Lo lzIff k|bfg ug]{ gLlt lnPsf]5 . …z}lIfs :t/Lotfsf b[li6sf]0fn]kf]v/f ljZjljBfnonfO{ sd cf“SgldNb}g,Ú ljZjljBfnosf pks'nklt8f= s]z/hË a/fnn] ;fKtflxs;“ueg]– …ljZjljBfnocGtu{tsf cflËstyf ;DaGwgk|fKt sn]haf6pTkflbt hgzlQmn] :jb]zdf dfqxf]Og, ljb]zdf klg /fd|} k|ult u/]sf5g\ .Ú pks'nklt a/fnsf cg';f/k f ] v / f l j Zj l jB fnon ]O l Gh l go l / ª , J oj :y f kg ,kmfd] {;L cflb sfo{qmddf pRrz}lIfs :tl/otf k'li6 u/]sf] 5 .

kf ]v/f gu/kf lnsfdf;~rfng e}/x]sf] ljZjljBfnooltv]/ n]vgfy gu/kflnsfdf ;g]{tof/L ul//x]sf] 5 . pks'nkltlgo'Qm ePkl5 a/fnn] u/]sf] klxnf]sfo{ g} of] xf] . …d}n] ljZjljBfnosfnflu lglb{i6 ul/Psf] :yfgdf g}hfg'k5{ eg]/ k|:tfj /fv]sf] lyP“,Úpgn] eg]– …o;sf nflu ;a}kIfnfO{;xdt u/fO;s]sf] 5' .Ú pks'nkltePnuQ} /fhg}lts bn tyfljZjljBfno;Da4 JolQmx¿dfemcfkm\gf] rf/jif]{ sfo{sfnsf] of]hgf;fj{hlgs u/]sf pks'nklt a/fnn]cfkm\gf] sfo{sfndf ljZjljBfnonfO{ul/a ljBfyL {x¿sf ] kx ' “rdfk'¥ofpg] nIo /fv]sf 5g\ .

pRr lzIffsf] ljsf;df lghLIf]qsf] e"ldsfnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug]{,pRr lzIffsf] u'0f:t/ j[l4 u/Lk|fl1s jftfj/0fnfO{ :j:y, dof{lbtPj+ glthfd"ns agfpg], pRrlzIffdf k|lt:kwf{nfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug]{tyf cem w]/} ljifosf sfo{qmdlj:tf/ u/L ;fd'bflos ljsf;dfof ]ubfg lbg ]h:tf p2 ]ZoljZjljBfnon] /fv]sf] 5 .

ljZjljBfnosf] k|fl1s Pj+k |zf;lgs sfo {x¿ k "/f ug{sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\, k|fl1s kl/ifb\,

of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd zfvf, ljBfkl/ifb\, ljifo ;ldltx¿, ;+sfox¿,kf7Øqmd ljsf; s]Gb|, cg';Gwfgs]Gb|, k':tsfno ljsf; ;ldlt,k/LIff ;ldlt, k|zf;g tyf ljBfYfL{sNof0f PsfOx¿ :yfkgf ul/Psf 5g\ .

kf]v/f ljZjljBfnocGtu{tcf lËs tyf ;DaGwgk | f Ktsn]hx¿df u/]/ sl/a % xhf/ljBfyL{n] cWoog ul//x]sf 5g\ .ljZjljBfnon] cWofkgsf nflutLgj6f ;+sfo ;~rfng u/]sf] 5 .h;cg';f/ Joj:yfkg ;+sfocGtu{tk|fl1s tyf Jofjxfl/s 1fg Pj+cg'ejnfO{ hLjgdf k|of]ufTds z}nLdfptfg'{ ljZjljBfnosf] nIo xf] .cGt/f{li6«o :t/df klg ;kmndflgPsf ] of ] sfo {qmddfkm {tJofj;flos Pj+ z}lIfs hut\dfpTs[i6 hgzlQm pTkfbg ug]{ nIo

ljZjljBfnosf] 5 .Joj:yfkg ;+sfocGtu{t

Aofrn/ ckm lahg]; P8ldg]:6«];g-aLaLP_, aLaLP– a} + lsª PG8OG:o'/]G;, Aofrn/ ckm sDKo'6/PlKns];g -aL;LP_, Aofrn/ ckmsDKo '6/ OGkmd ] {;g l;:6d-aL;LcfO{P;_, Aofrn/ ckm xf]6nDofg]hd]G6 -aLPrPd_, Aofrn/ ckm6«fen PG8 6'l/Hd Dofg]hd]G6-aL6L6LPd_, Anfrn/ ckm x]Ny s]o/Dofg]hd]G6 -aLPr;LPd_, df:6;{ckm lahg]; P8ldg]:6«];g -PdaLP_,df:6;{ ckm lahg]z P8ldg]:6«];gPSh's]l6e -PdaLP–PSh's]l6e_,df:6;{ ckm x]Ny s]o/ Dofg]hd]G6-PdPr;LPd_, kf]i6 u|fh'P6 x]Nys]o/ Dofg]hd]G6 -kLhL8LPr;LPd_tyf kf]:6 u|fh'P6 l8Knf]df OgsDKo'6/ PlKns];G; -kLhL8L;P_ sf

kf7Øqmddf cWofkg u/fOG5 .To:t} lj1fg tyf k|ljlw

;+sfocGtu{t lj1fgsf ljleGgIf]qsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ ;Ifdk|fljlws hgzlQm ljsf; ug]{ nIo/flvPsf] 5 . h;n] lj1fgsf If]qdfl;h{gzLn Pj+ cg';Gwfgd'vLj}1flgs tyf bIf k|fljlws tof/ug ] {5 . of ] ; +sfocGtu {tOlGhlgol/ªdf l;len, On]S6«f]lgS;PG8 sDo'lgs];G;g, sDKo'6/,;km\6j]o/ OlGhlgol/ª, On]lS6«snPG8 On]S6«f ]lgS;, OGkm/d];g6]Sgf ]nf ]hL, On]S6«f ] lgS; PG8On]lS6«sn, cfls{6]Sr/df :gftstxdf cWofkg x'G5 . o;}u/Llj1fgdf sDKo '6/ ;fOG;,afof ]s ]d ] :6 « L , OGefO/f ]d ] G6Dofg]hd]G6, kmdf{:o'l6sN; ;fOG;,d]l8sn Nofaf]/]6/L 6]Sgf]nf]hL,d]l8sn afof]s]d]:6«L, d]l8sndfOqmf]afof]nf]hL, klAns x]Ny tyfgl;{ªdf :gfts txsf] sfo{qmd;~rfng ul/Psf] 5 . To;}u/L:gftsf]Q/ txdf sDKo'6/ ;fOG;,kmdf{:o'l6sN; ;fOG;, lgdf{0fJoj:yfkg, k | fs [ lts ; | f ]tJoj:yfkg, jftfj/0f LoJoj:yfkgsf] cWofkg x'G5 .jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkgdf kf]:6Uo|fh'P6 txsf] kf7Øqmddf klgcWofkg x'G5 .

To;}u/L snf, ;flxTo tyf;fdflhs hghLjgsf ljljw kIfsfnflu cfjZos kg]{ bIf hgzlQmpTkfbg ug] { p2]Zon] :yflktdfgljsL ;+sfo 5, h;df c+u|]hLdf:gfts txb]lv ljBfjfl/lw;Ddsfsfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/Psf] 5 . of];+sfocGtu{t :gftsf]Q/ txdf…hg;+Vof tyf n} +lus ljsf;sfo{qmdÚ -PdkLhL8L_ ljifosf]cWofkg x'G5 .

ljZjljBfnon] @# j6fsn]hnfO{ cfkm\gf sfo{qmd ;~rfngug{ ;DaGwg lbPsf] 5 . To;afx]scfkm\g} tLgj6f cfª\lus sn]hn]aLaLP, PdaLP, PdkLhL8L, aLkmfd]{;L, Pd kmfd]{;L, aLPdPn6L-Aofrn/ ckm d]l8sn Nofa6]Sgf]nf]hL_ sf kf7Øqmddf cWofkgu/fp“b} cfPsf 5g\ . ;]d]:6/

rf/jif]{ of]hgfs]xL ;docl3 dfq lgo'Qm ePsf pks'nklt s]z/h+u a/fnn]

kb ;Dxfn]nuQ} /fhg}lts bnsf g]tf, k|fl1s JolQmTj Pj+ ;DaGwgk|fKt sn]hsf k|ltlglwdfem ljZjljBfno ;~rfngsf nflu cfkm\gf]cjwf/0ff–kq k|:t't u/] . cfd /fhg}lts ;xdlt, ;+:yfut cjwf/0ffPj+ k|fl1stf u/]/ tLg zLif{sdf pgn] cfkm\gf] ljrf/ k|:6\ofPsflyP . ‘a[xt\ kf]v/fsf] cjwf/0ffcg'¿k kf]v/f ljZjljBfnosf s]Gb|Loljefux¿, s]Gb|Lo sfo{x¿ n]vgfy gu/kflnsfdf s]lGb|t u/L kf]v/fnfO{pRr lzIffsf] s]Gb|ljGb'sf ¿kdf ljsf; ug]{ of]hgf k]; u/]sf] 5'’pks'nklt a/fnn] eg]– ljZjljBfnosf ;+sfonfO{ ;an agfpg klgljefusf] cfjZostf x'G5 . To:t} cfkm\gf] sfo{sfndf ljZjljBfnosf]cfª\lus SofDk;sf ¿kdf Ps d]l8sn / Ps OlGhlgol/ª sn]h:yfkgf ug]{ of]hgf a/fnsf] 5 . ko{6g pBf]u;DaGwL pRr lzIffxfl;n ug]{ Ps sn]h / lxdfnL tyf dWokxf8L If]qdf k|fKthl8a'6L;DaGwL cg';Gwfg–cWoog s]Gb| :yfkgf ug]{ of]hgf klg cjwf/0ffkqdf pNn]v 5 .

To;}u/L v]ns'b;DaGwL Ps cf+lus SofDk; vf]Ng] of]hgf 5 .pRr lzIffaf6 ljd'v lhNnfdf cf+lzs SofDk;x¿ lj:tf/ ub}{ nfg]cjwf/0ff pks'nklt a/fnn] cl3 ;f/]sf 5g\ . ljZjljBfno :jfoQ;+:yf ePsfn] o;n] cfkm\gf] ;~rfng vr{nfO{ Joj:yfkg ug{ z'Ns b/dx“uf] x'g uPsf] ts{ /fVg] u/]sf] 5 . pks'nklt a/fnn] ljQLoJoj:yfkgsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/, bft[ /fi6«–;+:yfx¿ Pj+ ;d'bfosf]nufgL a9fP/ z'Ns sd ug]{ of]hgf k]; u/]sf 5g\ . ‘k};f vlr{g ;Sg]ljBfyL{x¿sf] k};f lnP/ ul/a ljBfyL{nfO{ lgMz'Ns cWofkg u/fpg]5f}+,’a/fnn] eg]+– o;f] ubf{ jf:tljs ¿kdf ul/a t/ h]x]Gbf/ ljBfyL{n]cj;/ kfpg] ljZjf; lnPsf] 5' .

k|0ffnLdf /x]/ z}lIfs sfo{qmd;~rfng ub } { cfPsf ] of ]ljZjljBfnosf] k/LIff k|0ffnLcGt/f{li6«o 6« ]G8cg'¿k u| ]l8ªl;:6ddf cfwfl/t 5 . ljZjljBfno;/sf/L cg'bfgdf rNg] eP klg;/sf/L ;xof]u oy]i6 gePsfn]z}lIfs sfo{qmdx¿ t'ngfTds¿kdf s ]x L dx “uf ] ePsf ]ljZjljBfnosf ] lhls/ 5 .ljZjljBfnon] sn]h ;DaGwgafktz'Nssf cltl/Qm k/LIffsf] ;dodfk/LIff z'Ns klg lnG5 .

pks'nklt a/fnsf cg';f/of] jif{b]lv ljZjljBfnosf cflËsSofDk;df !) k | ltzt tyf;DaGwgk|fKt sn]hdf % k|ltztljBfyL{nfO{ 5fqj[lQ k|bfg ul/g]5 .…5fqj[lQ sfo{qmddf Go"g cfo;|f]tePsf kl/jf/sf] kx'“r xf];\ eg]/kqklqsfdf v'nf lj1fkg ug]{ ePsf

5f}+,Ú a/fnn] eg]– …kf/bzL{ 9Ën] 5fqj[lQsfo{qmd nfu" xf];\ eg]/ ljZjljBfnocfkm}+n] of] lhDdf lnPsf] xf] .Ú

ljZjljBfnon] b]z–ljb]zsfcGo ljZjljBfnox¿;“u klgz}lIfs sfo{qmd cfbfg–k|bfgsflglDt ;Demf}tf ub} { cfPsf] 5 .h;n] z}lIfs :tl/otf ljsf;sflglDt cGt/f{li6«o 6« ]G8sf af/]dfljZjljBfnonfO{ …ck8]6Ú /fVg]ljZjljBfnon] atfPsf] 5 . o;k|sf/sf] ;DaGw ef/t, cd]l/sf,a +unfb ]z, hfkfg, l; +ufk '/ ,a ]nfot, k | m fG;, hd{gL tyfsf ]l/ofsf ljZjljBfnox¿;“uuf“l;Psf] 5 . ljZjljBfnon] Jofjxfl/slzIffk4ltcg'¿k cg';Gwfgd"nscWoog, …lkmN8 js{Ú …k|f]h]S6 js{Úh:tf l;sfOsf k|efjsf/L z}nLdf/x ]/ cWofkg x 'g ] kf7oqmdtof/ u/]sf] 5 .

z}lIfs sfo{qmd / sn]hkf]v/f ljZjljBfnon] # j6f cf+lus tyf @# j6f ;DaGwgk|fKt

sn]hdf cfkm\gf z}lIfs sfo{qmd nfu" u/]sf] 5 . ljZjljBfno sf7df8f}+;Dks{ sfof {nosf k|d'v ljsf; sfsL{n] pknAw u/fPsf]tYofª\scg';f/ ;DaGwg tkm{ !) j6f sn]hn] Joj:yfkg ;+sfo, *j6f sn]hn] lj1fg tyf k|ljwL ;+sfo, $ j6f sn]hn] Joj:yfkg /lj1fg tyf k|ljlw b'j} / Ps sn]hn] dfgljsL ;+sfosf sfo{qmd;~rfng u/]sf 5g\ . ljZjljBfnon] sf7df8f}+df !@, kf]v/fdf %,¿kGb]xLdf $, gjnk/f;Ldf ! tyf s}nfnLdf ! sn]hnfO{ ;DaGwgk|bfg u/]sf] 5 . ljZjljBfnon] $^ j6f ljifodf z}lIfs kf7Øqmdlgwf{/0f u/]sf] 5, h;df ## j6f lj1fg tyf k|ljlw ;+sfo, ( j6fJoj:yfkg / % j6f dfgljsL ;+sfosf 5g\ . kf]v/f ljZjljBfnoaf6xfn;Dd ! xhf/ ^ ;o !( ljBfyL{n] ljleGg tx pQL0f{ u/]sf 5g\ .;g\ !((( df $ ;o &* ljBfyL{af6 k|f/De ePsf] ljZjljBfnodf ;g\@))^ df % xhf/ $ ;o ^) ljBfyL{ cWoog/t 5g\ .

Page 9: SAPTAHIK 7nf kbf] df{ gof“ cg 'xf/sf ] cf ]O/f ]himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/.../pdf/Saptahik_13_12.pdf · ;~rf/sdL{ e "if0f bfxfnn lgb ]zg u/]{ sf rnlrq …sfua ]gLÚ af6 rf/ gof“

;fpg !*, @)^$ Aug. 3, 2007;fpg !*, @)^$ (

bdgsf] bdxf:o snfsf/ bdg ¿kfv]tL lgb]{zsaf6

lgsflnP/ s] ef] † pgsf] bd sd ePsf] 5}g .bdg g]kfn 6]lnlehgaf6 k|;fl/t xf:o6]lnrnlrq …d]/L af:;}Ú sf lgb]{zs lyP .cflv/ bdg ¿kfv]tLnfO{ …d]/L af:;}Ú af6s;n] lgsfNof] < h;n] lgsfn] klg pgsf]7fp“df b'O{ hgf lgb]{zs lgo'Qm eP . o;/Llgo'lQm kfpg]df ;Ltf/fd s§]n -w'd'{;_ / s]bf/l3ld/] -dfUg]a"9f_ 5g\ .

lgb]{zssf] lhDd]af/L kfPkl5 w'd'{; /dfUg]a"9f cfzLjf{b lng bdgsf] 3/ k'u] . pgLx¿bdgsf] 3/ k'u]sf dfq s] lyP, bdg s8\lsgyfn]– ltdLx¿ lsg cfPsf < gf6s ug{ cfPsf <kv, d ltdLx¿nfO{ 7Ls gnufO{ 5f]8\lbg .bdgsf] ufnL ug]{ bd b]v]/ Psk6s t pgsf5/l5d]s klg 8/fP . ;w}+ bz{s x“;fpg] bdgn]l5d]sLx¿nfO{ ;d]t qflxdfd agfP . To;kl5dfq} w'd'{; / dfUg]a"9fn] yfxf kfP bdgsf] bd .bdgsf] bd b]v]/ w'd'{; / dfUg]a"9fn] Toxf“af6s'n]nfd 7f]Sg' g} plrt dfg] .

;fptL dfg]{ rfxgfl:nd PG8 l:j6 gflosf piff kf}8]nnfO{ o'jf

cj:yfdf x'g] k|]ddf ljZjf; 5}g / pgnfO{ To:tf]k|]d dg klg kb}{g . sf/0f M pgsf] b[li6df k|]dsf]ld;o'h e}/x]sf] 5 . oBlk piff ljjfxnfO{ cfjZosdflG5g\ . PSnf] hLjg latfpg ufx|f] x'g] clgsltko s'/f ;]o/ ug{ klg pgn] ljjfxnfO{cfjZos dfg]sL x'g\ . piff of}g;Dks{nfO{7"nf] ¿kdf lng gx'g] atfp“b} o;nfO{zf/Ll/s cfjZostf eGg ?rfp“l5g\ . km';{b86 sdsf ] g ]kfnL e;{gdf piffn ]of}g;Dks{nfO{ ;fptL dfl/Psf] s'/fdf;a}sf] rf;f] ePsf] ljifo;“u t'ngf ub}{eg]sL l5g\– o;nfO{ vfgf vfP h:tf] Olhlnlng'k5{ . piff Dof8dsf] o:tf] v'nf ljrf/sf]eGbf klg pgsf] lxDdtsf] rflx“ k|z+;f ug}{k5{t/ ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf o:tf s'/f cfp“bf Dof8d;“u}vfgf vfg / ;fptL dfg{ rfxg]x¿ ga9\nfg\ eGg;ls+b}g . oBlk piff Dof8dnfO{ To;sf] lrGtfgx'g' kg]{ xf] . lsgls pgL elG5g\– dg ldN5 eg]hf];“u ;]S; u/] klg km/s kb}{g t/ k5'tfpg'rflx“ ePg . klxn] t cfkm\gf] ;DaGwsf af/]dfv';L x'g'k¥of] / ;f“3'/f] dfgl;stf lng'ePg . nf}af, xfdL t t}+ r'k d} r'k eof}+ x} †

ukm} t xf]

b'O{ jif{cl3 Pp6f ef/tLo uLt ;a}sf] d'vdf em'lG8Psf] lyof] .uflosf lrqf l;+x / ufos p:tfb ;'Ntfg vfgn] ufPsf] pQm uLt…lkof j;GtL /] sfx] ;tfP cfhf==Ú g;'Gg] ;fob} sf]xL lyP xf]nfg\ .pQm uLtsf] Do'lhs lel8of] klg tLgtfsf ef/tLo 6]lnlehgRofgnx¿df lgs} ahfOP . rrf{df /x]sf] pQm uLtsf ufos vfgtyf uflosf l;+xn] ufPsf] csf]{ Ps uLtsf] Do'lhs lel8of]sf]5fof“ª\sg xfn sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf e}/x]sf] 5 . alnp8af6 cfPsf]Do'lhs lel8of] lgdf{0f ;d"x g]kfnd} ef/tLo cg'xf/sf df]8nsf]vf]hLdf lyof] . cGttM uf]s0f{l:yt Ps l/;f]6{df 5fofª\sg e}/x]sf]pQm Do'lhs lel8of]df k"j{ ld:6/ g]kfn tyf gfos hLjg n'O“6]nPj+ g]kfnL rnlrqsL gflosf ;l~rtf n'O“6]nn] df]8lnª ul//x]sf5g\ . ef/tLo Do'lhs lel8of]df clego ug{ kfpg'nfO{ b'j} n'O“6]nn]cfkm\gf] ;f}efUo dfg]sf 5g\ .

cSsnlagfsf]gSsn

tLg jif{cl3 rnlrqsf]gfos ePsf Ps o'jf cfkm\gfcu|h gfossf] gSsn u5{g\ .pgsf] gSsn ;sf/fTds ePsf]eP s'/f sf6\g] 7fp“ x'“b}gYof], t/gSsn cSsnlagfsf] ePkl5pgs} ;xsdL{x¿ s'/f sf6\gtNnLg b]lvG5g\ . cSsnlagfsf]gSsn ug]{ tL gfosn] nfdf]skfn kfn]sf 5g\ . e/;s pgL5fof +sg:yndf k ':ts jf

kqklqsf kl96f]kN5g\, yf]/ }af]N5g\, cJofjxfl/s ¿kdfk|:t't x'G5g\ cflbcflb . oL nIf0fk9]kl5 rnlrqk| ]dLn] yfxfkfO;s]sf] x'g'k5{ of] s;sf]gSsn x' “b }5 < gSsn ug{ ]gfosrflx“ /ldt 9'+ufgf x'g\ .

Pp6f o:tf] ;do klg cfof]ls rnlrq ;dLIfsn] /ldtnfO{/fh]z xdfnsf] af6f]df b]v] . /fd|fs'/fsf] dfq} gSsn u/]sf] ePx'GYof] t/ pgn] c;fdflhs aGg]gSsn klg /fd|};“u u/] . o;nfO{rflx“ cSsnlagfsf] gSsn eg]unt x'G5 / /ldthL †

n'O“6]nåo ef/tLo lel8of]df

;fKtflxs ;dfrf/sflGtk'/ 6]lnlehgaf6 x/]s

z'qmaf/ a]n'sL ( ah] k|;f/0f x'“b}cfPsf] dx 6fOdcGtu{t cfh Psefusf] …8fS6/ ;'gLtfÚ 6]ln>[ª\vnfk|;f/0f x'g] ePsf] 5 . dbgs[i0f>]i7 / xl/j+z cfrfo{ lgb]{lzt tyfclegLt 6]ln>[ª\vnf dbg axfb'/–xl/axfb'/ !% efu k|;f/0f eP/ut ;ftf ;dfKt ePkl5 ca s]xL;do dx ;~rf/sf k '/ fgf6]ln>[ª\vnf k|;f/0f x'g]5g\ .…bz{ssf] ck]Iffcg'¿ksf 6]ln>[ª\vnflgdf{0f ug'{kg]{ ePsfn] s]xL ;dolj>fd u/]/ /fd|f] ;[hgf k:sg]of]hgfcg'¿k o;aLrdf k'/fgf> [ª \vnf k |;f/0f ul/g ]5g \ , Úxf:osnfsf/ cfrfo{n] eg]– …x/]skf“r jif{df gof“ bz{s tof/ x'G5g\eGg] l;4fGtcg';f/ clxn]sf] gof“k':tfn] xfd|f k'/fgf >[ª\vnfx¿nfOplQs} dg k/fOlbg'x'g]5 eGg]ljZjf; /fv]sf 5f}+ .Ú dbgs[i0f>]i7sf cg';f/ k'/fgf 6]ln>[ª\vnfclxn] cfkm}+n] x]bf{ klg ca s] x'G5xf]nf eg]/ pT;'stf nfUg] u/]sfn]bz{snfO{ k'/fgf >[ª\vnfn] klgTolQs} dgf]/~hg k|bfg ug]{5g\ .

sflGtk'/ 6]lnlehgsf ahf/Joj:yfks dx]z :jf“/n] Jofkfl/sb[li6sf]0fn] klg of] >[ª\vnf ;kmn

s]l6eL / dxsf] of]hgf

7xl/Psf] pNn]v u/]sf lyP . :jf“/sfcg';f/ bz{sn] cem} x]g]{ OR5f/fv ]sf sf/0f dbg axfb '/–xl/axfb'/ 6]ln>[ª\vnfnfO{ k|To]szlgaf/ lbp“;f] Ps ah] k'gM k|;f/0ful/g] ePsf] 5 . dx of] aLrsf];dodf ufO{hfqfnfO{ nlIft u/]/:6]h zf]df Jo:t x'g] ePsfn] klggof“ k|:t'lt lbg ufx|f] ePsf] cfrfo{atfp“5g\ . k'/fgf 6]ln>[ª\vnfk|;f/0f ;dfKt ePnuQ} ;DejtM…dbgaxfb'/–xl/axfb'/Ú zLif{sd}@%–#) efusf] gof“ >[ª\vnfk|;f/0f x'g]5 .

Page 10: SAPTAHIK 7nf kbf] df{ gof“ cg 'xf/sf ] cf ]O/f ]himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/.../pdf/Saptahik_13_12.pdf · ;~rf/sdL{ e "if0f bfxfnn lgb ]zg u/]{ sf rnlrq …sfua ]gLÚ af6 rf/ gof“

;fpg !*, @)^$ Aug. 3, 2007 !)

lzj zdf{kf]v/f— gof“ km];g eGg]lalQs}

kf]v/fsf] gfd cfOxfN5 . kf]v/fsf]km];g / km];g l8hfOg/ ;ljtfz]/rg clxn] kl/k"/sh:t} e};s]sf5g\ . hfkfgsf] dgUu] sdfOnfO{;d]t a]jf:tf u/]/ kf]v/f cfOk'u]sL;ljtf z]/rgn] # jif{cl3 v'n]sf];]eL a'l6sdfkm{t xnrn g} NofPsLl5g\ . clxn] kf]v/fdf km];g ultljlwa9\g'df pgsf] of]ubfgnfO{ s;}nfO{la;{g ;Sb}gg\ .

hlta]nf km];gsf af/]dfsd}nfO{ dfq hfgsf/L lyof], To:tf]a]nf cflzif >]i7n] kf]v/fdf ;g\ !((^df klxnf] k6s km];g ;f]sf] k|f/Deu/]sf lyP . km];g ;f]sf] sf]l/of]u|fkmLpg}n] uy]{ . kf]v/fsf df]8nx¿nfO{klxnf] k6s ¥ofDkdf lx“8\g l;sfpg]sf]l/of]u|fkm/ klg >]i7 g} x'g\ . pgLcfkm"n] klg ;'?df s]xL km];g zf]dfSof6jfs u/]sf lyP .

5f]6f] cjlwd} Ao'6Ll;og :ofGb|fk'g Ao'6Lkfn{/ Joj;fodfkm{t kf]v/fdfdfq ge} /fhwfgLsf snfsf/b]lvkm];g]jn hdftnfO{ kf]v/f tfGg] sfdul//x]sL l5g\ . sf]l/og k|ljlwdfkm{tgof “–gof “ x ]o/ :6fOnb] lvd]sck;Dddf k'gn] pTs[i6tf k|bz{gu/]sL l5g\ . Ao'6L Sna P;dfkm{tpgn] x]o/ :6fOn / d]sckdfgof“kg lbPs} sf/0f kf]v/fdf km];gsf]rfd{ a9]/ uPsf] 5 .

gof“kg / u'0f:t/Lotf glbO{s'g} klg If]qdf ;kmntf xft kfg{;ls“b}g . oxL s'/fnfO{ Wofgdf/fv]/ cl3 a9]sf oL tLg x:tLn]nf]slk|otf dfq a6'n]gg\ kf]v/fsf]km];gnfO{ cf–cfkm\gf] If]qaf6 dflyprfNg] sfd klg u/] .

sIff * df k9\bf g} snfIf]qdfcg'/fu /fVg] t];f{k§L, kf]v/fsfcflzif >]i7n] k|j]lzsf k/LIfflbPkl5 df]8lnª;DaGwL 6fOd PG8l6g gfds dgf]/~hgfTds klqsflgsfn], klqsfsf] cfj/0fk[i7dfpgn] klxnf] df]8nsf ¿kdf k"j{ld; g]kfn gLlndf u'?ªnfO{ k|:t'tu/]sf lyP . gLlndfnfO{ df]8lnªdfa|]s lbg] cflzif g} x'g\ .

km];g df]8lnªs} ljsf; ug]{x ]t'n] >]i7n] ] b'O{ jif {kl5 PPOG6/6]gd]G6 Ph]G;L vf]n]/ km];gsf]j ftfj/0fnfO { cl3 a9fP .;+:yfdfkm {t plta]nf cfkmgf ]sf]l/of]u|fkmLdf bh{gf}+ km];g ;f]u/fP . Tolta]nf km];gsf nflu

km];gdo kf]v/fsf x:tLklx/gsf ] ;d:of lyof ] .a'l6sx¿sf] sG;]K6 cfPsf] lyPg,>]i7 eG5g\– …ufd]{G6 / x:tsnfsf;fdfgx¿ df]8nx¿sf] klx/g x'g]uYof ] { . Ú cGt/f { l i6 «o :t/sf ]df5fk'R5«] pT;jdf cfof]lht eJokm];g d]nfdf pgsf] sf]l/of]u|fkmLsf]w]/}n] k|z+;f u/] . Ps bh{geGbfa9L ; ' Gb/L k | ltof ] lutfsf ]sf]l/of]u|fkmLdf cfk\mgf] Ifdtfb]vfO;s]sf @( jifL{o >]i7 PsbzseGbf a9L ;dob]lv kf]v/fsf]df]8lnªdf lqmofzLn 5g\ .

plta]nf km];g / df]8lnªsfaf/]df ;dfhnfO{ a'emfpg sd uf¥xf]ePg, s'/fsfgLsf qmddf >]i7n];fKtflxs;“u eg]– …km];gsf] If]qdfnfUbf dnfO{ ;dfhn] lalu|Psf]dflg;;d]t eGof] .Ú ;dfhn] h] eg]klg kl/jf/n] eg] pgnfO{ ;kf]6{u¥of] . oxL If]qdf s]xL u5'{ eg]/pgn] Kn; 6' ;s]kl5 cWoognfO{a]|s u/] . pgnfO{ ;Lldt ;|f]t /;fwgsf] cefjdf df]8nx¿nfO{/fte/ l/x;{n klg u/fpg'kYof]{ .pgn] a;fn]sf] 6« ]G8s} sf/0fkf]v/fsf] km];g / df]8lnª of]cj:yfdf cfOk'u]sf] xf] . cfhef]lnj]a;fO6 tyf kqklqsfx¿dfkm];gnfO{ dxŒj lbOPsf] kfOG5,w]/} v';L nfU5, pgL eGb} lyP–…clxn] afnaflnsfnfO{ ;d]t Ao'6LsG6 ] :6df ;xefuL u/fpgcleefjsx¿ pT;'s x'G5g\ .Ú

;ftf, dlxgf la/fP/ x'g]km];g Ao'6L sG6]:6n] kf]v/fnfO{km];g]an ;x/ agfPsf] b]v]/ >]i7xlif {t 5g\ . pgn] l;sfPsfo'jfo'jtLx¿n] df]8lnªdf /fd|f]k|efj hdfPsf 5g\ . pgs} r]nfsf]l/of]u|fkm/ /jLGb| ah|frfo{ tyfdf]8n sdnf k'gn] df]8lnªdf/fli6«o Od]h sfod ul/;s]sf 5g\ .

;'?sf lbgdf a'l6ssf] sG;]K6a'emfp“bf–a'emfp“b} ;ljtf z]/rgnfO{x}/fgL eof] . sltn] t s]xL sfdgkfP/ of] 6]nl/ª Joj;fo lsgckgfPsf] eg]/ lv:ofP, t/ To;n]pgnfO{ clnslt klg xtf]T;flxt

t'NofPg . hfkfgdf sdfpg 5f8]/kf]v/fsf] km];gdf s]xL gof“ u5{'eg]/ % jif{cl3 cfOk'u]sL z]/rgsf];kgf la:tf/} k'/f x' “b} uof] .pRr:t/Lo hfkfgL /xg;xg /km];g z}nLn] pgnfO{ PsfPs km];gl8hfOlgªtkm{ tfg]sf] xf] .

cfO{O{;L km];g ;]G6/af6 km];gl8hfOlgªdf l8Knf]df ;s]kl5z]/rgn] a'l6s vf]n]sL x'g\ .a'l6snfO{ 6]nl/ª eGg]x¿ g} gof“:6fOnsf nflu cfpg yfn]kl5 aNnpgsf] dg 9'Ss eof] . z]/rgn]elgg\– …gof“ km];gsf nflu clxn]x/]snfO{ a'l6sn] tflgxfN5 .Úkf]v/fdf c¿ a'l6sx¿ gePsf klg

xf]Ogg\, t/ pgsf] nufj / x/]skm];g ;f]b]lv Ao'6L sG6]:6x¿dfpgsf l;h{gzLn xftn] tof/ kf/]sfklx/gx¿ x/]ssf] /f]hfO x'g yfn]kl5km];g l8hfOlgªsf] If]qdf pgsf]dfu a9]sf] xf] .

olt dfq xf ]Og, pgsf ]klx/gsf] l8dfG8 lxhf]cfh xªsª,a]nfot, cd]l/sf, hfkfgh:tfd'n'sdf a;f]af; ug]{ g]kfnLx¿n]klg plQs} ug] { u/]sf 5g\ .d'n'saflx/ ;d]t pgsf] km];gl8hfOgn] dxŒj kfpg yfn]kl5l8dfG8 k"/f u/fpg cfhef]ln

pgnfO{ xDd]–xDd] kl//x]sf] 5 ./fhwfgLaf6 ;d]t cfÎgf]

a'l6s vf]Hb} cfpg yfn]kl5 pgsf]xif{sf] ;Ldf 5}g . pgL hfkfgaf6ev{/ cfPsf ] a]nf s'g} gof “l8hfOgsf] km];g ug'{k¥of] eg]/fhwfgL g} k'Ug'kg]{ afWotf lyof] .o:tf] ;d:of pgL cfkm}+n] klgef]lug\ . pgL clxn] Tof] rfxgfkl/k"lt{ ePsf]df b+u l5g\ . a'l6sdfJo:t ;ljtfn] ;fKtflxs;“u elgg\–…ca gof“ km];gsf nflu sf]xLkf]v/faf6 aflx/g' kb}{g .Ú pgLsxf“km ];gkf/vLx¿sf] gof “– gof “l8hfOgsf] dfub]lv ljleGg km];g;f] / Ao'6L sG6]:6sf nflu;d]t

l8hfOg tof/ ug{ dfu ub} {cfpg]x¿sf] ;+Vof al9/x]sf] 5 .o;n] pgnfO{ ;Gtf]if dfq xf]Og,km];gsf af/]df x/]sn] a'em\gyfn]sf]df xlif{t klg agfPsf] 5 .pgn] a'l6sdfkm{t Jofkfl/s kmfObfdfq x]l/gg\ . olb k};f g} sdfpg];f]r ePsf] eP pgL clxn];Ddhfkfgd} x'lGyg\ . gfd sdfpgsfnflu g} pgn] km];g l8hfOlgªsf]If]q /f]h]sL x'g\ . k};f g} sdfpg]eP t d hfkfg g} a:y]+ lg,;ljtfn] elgg\– …km];gdfkm{tkf]v/fnfO{ lrgfpg' klg d]/f] Wo]o

xf] .Ú gof“ klx/g z}nLsf] rrf{;“u}km];gsf] If]qdf pgsf] rrf{ klgclxn] csfl;Psf] 5 .

em§ ;'Gbf pgsf] gfd klgk[ys\ 5 :ofGb|f k'g . gfd dfq xf]Og,pgL cfkm}+ klg :6fOln:6 l5g\ . k];fn]plg Ao'6Ll;og x'g\ . oltn] dfqpgsf] klxrfg k"0f{ x'“b}g . PsbzseGbf nfdf] sf]l/of a;fOkl5b'O{ jif{cl3 kf]v/fsf] Jo:t ahf/dx]Gb|k'ndf vf]lnPsf] Ao'6LSnaP;=sL ;~rflnsf k'g lgtfGt gf}nf]vfnsf y/L–y/Lsf x]o/ :6fOn /d]scksf sf/0f 5f]6f] ;dod}nf]slk|otfsf] l;“9L r9]sL l5g\ .

kf]v/fsf km];g sfo{qmdb]lvAo'6L sG6]:6x¿df pgsf] x]o/:6fOn / d]sckn] /fd|f] :yfghdfp“b} cfPsf] 5 . df]8nx¿nfO{kmf]6f];];g u/fpg klg pgsf x]o/:6fOn / d]sck klxnf] /f]hfOdfk/]sf] 5 . sf]l/ofaf6 klxnf] k6spgn ] g ]kfn leœofOg x ]o/PS;6]G;g . ljb]zL z}nLsf x]o/:6fOns} sf/0f kfn{/ vf]n]sf] b'O{jif{d} pgn] km];g]an ;x/ kf]v/fnfO{cem km];g]an t'NofOg\ .

:yfgLo km];gkf/vLx¿nfO{dfq xf]Og, /fhwfgLs} snfsf/,;]lna|]6Lb]lv cGo km];gkf/vLx¿nfO{;d]t gf}nf] :6fOnn] cfslif{t u/]sf]5 . Ps bzseGbf a9L ;dosf]l/ofdf a;]/ :ofGb|fn] pt}af6Ao'6Ll;og;DaGwL tLgjif]{{ sf];{ k"/fu/]sL x'g\ . pgn] ljb]zdf rNg] gof“k|ljlwsf] :6fOn leœofPs} sf/0fdf]8nx¿sf] kmf]6f];];gb]lv x/]s km];gsfo{qmddf pgsf] d]scksf] dfux\jfQ} a9]sf] xf] . kf]v/fdf Ps;] PsAo'6Lkfn{/ 5g\ t/ klg pgn] lgtfGtgf}nf] / u'0f:t/Lo ;]jfs} sf/0f klgx]o/ :6fOn / d]scksf] km];gdfk'gs} l;Ssf rN5 .

nfx'/] afa'sL 5f]/L :ofGb|fsf]clw+sfz ;do ljb]zd} laTof] .pgsf] hGd klg a|'gfO{df ePsf]xf] . slxn] a|'gfO{ t slxn] xªsªdfpgn] cfkm\gf] Sofl/o/sf] ljsf;ul/g \ . xªsªkl5 pgL b 'O {

g]kfnL rnlrqsf lgb{]zsx¿km];gk|lt dtna /fVb}gg\ . bf¥xLlgb]{zs t'n;L l3ld/]sf] kl/roem}“ePsf] 5 . pgsf] bfx|L sf6\glal;{P/ jf cN5L u/]/ 5f]8]em}“b]lvG5 . lgb]{zs gf/fo0f k'/LtGg]/L 5g\ . pgL cem tGg]/Lb]lvg] xf]8df ePsf] k|:6 x'G5pgsf] lSng ;]E8 cg'xf/af6 .csf{lt/ afx| s6]sf / kRrL;gs6]sf o'jfn] h;/L g} k'/Ln]cfkm \gf ] x ]o/ :6fOn tof/u/]sf 5g\ . 8« ];ckdf klg pgLcufl8 g} 5g\ .

csf{ o'jf lgb]{zs zf]let

a:g]t km];gsf] dfldnfdf cfkm"rgfvf] ePsf] atfp“5g\ . /fd|f] km];gul/of] eg] ;a}sf] cf“vf cfkm"lt/x'G5 eGg] s'/f zf]letnfO{ yfxf5 . pgL eG5g\– c¿n] cfof]hgf

pgL k|foM ljb]zL klx/g nufp“5g\ .;'lsnf] eP/ lx“8\g] nfdf eG5g\—klxn]–klxn] t o'/f]k uPsf a]nfw]/} vl/b ul/GYof] . clxn]rflx“b/af/dfu{sf] cf]l6g / slxn]sfxL“ef6e6]gL k'luG5 . nfdfsf] klg

kl6{s'n/ s'g} a|fG8 5}g . pgLeG5g\— ;'xfp“bf] x'g'k¥of] / ;'lsnf]b]lvg'k¥of], h:tf] klg nufp“5' .oBlk nfdf ahf/df cfddfG5]n]nufpg ] 9 +usf klx/grflx “nufp“b}gg\ . c¿ s;}n] cfkm\gf]h:tf] 8«];ck u/]sf] b]v] eg] pgLkm]l/ ToxL klx/g nufp“b}gg\ .

lgb]{zs cfsfz clwsf/L /bLks >]i7 klg ;'lsnf] eP/lx“8\5g\ . cfsfz ljb]zL a|fG8sfklx/g nufp“5g\ eg] bLksrflx“cfkm" ;'xfp“bf] vf]H5' eG5g\ . csf{lgb]{zs lbg]z 8L;L ;do;'xfp“bf]klx/g nufpg] atfp“5g\ . t}klgPp6f xNsf /ftf] km'n l6;6{ pgLhlxNo} nufp“5g\ . lbg]znfO{hfGg]x¿ eG5g\– pgL tGg]/L b]lvg]vfnsf] 8«];ck u5{g\ .

rnlrq ;+uLtsf/x¿dfzDe'lht af“:sf]6f /fd|f] 8«];ckug]{x¿dWo] Ps x'g\ . pgL km];g6«]G8eGbf klg l6k6k eP/ lx“8\g]

k|of; u5{g\ . csf{ ;+uLtsf/ r]tg;fksf]6f 8«];cksf ;fy} x]o/:6fOndf klg Wofg lbG5g\ . pgn]cfkm \gf ] s]z /ËfPsf 5g\ .;+uLtsf/ dx]z v8\sf l6k6k x'g]k|of; u5{g\ eg] ;'/]z clwsf/LnfO{8«];ckdf s'g} rf;f] b]lv“b}g .

dbgs[i0f >]i7 k|foM s6gsf]kfOG6 / ;6{df b]lvG5g\ eg] b'O{lszf]/ 5f]/fsf afa' xl/j+z cfrfo{clxn] klg tGg]/L aGg] k|of; u5{g\ .pgsf] Pp6f ws]{ ;6{ 5, h'g pgLjiff}{+b]lv nufO/x]sf 5g\ . cfrfo{eG5g\– of] d]/f] km]a/]6 ;6{ xf] .

k]m;gdf sd 5}gg\lgb]{zsx¿ klg

dlxgfsf nflu 3'Dg eg]/ sf]l/ofk'u]sL lyOg\, sf]l/ofsf km];gkf/vLx¿ b]v]/ pgsf] dg nf]leof] .km];gdf s]xL gof“ u5'{ eg]/ pgn]Toxf “sf ] pRRf:t/Lo Ao '6 LPs]8]dLaf6 nuftf/ tLg jif{;Ddx]o/ :6fOn / d]sck;DaGwLk|lzIf0f lnOg\ . sf]l/ofdf ;DkGgrlr{t x]o/ PG8 l:sg sG6]:6dfefu lnP/ pgn] y'k|}sf] k|z+;f a6'Nb}k'/:sf/ klg kfOg\ . ljb]zLx¿dfemnf]slk|o eP/ k'/:s[t x'g] pgLPs dfq g]kfnL lyOg\ . sf]l/ofdfpgn] >[+uf/;DaGwL c¿ y'k|} cg'eja6'lng\ . cfkm"n] hfg]sf] ;Lkg]kfnd} b]vfp“5' eg]/ sf]l/of 5f8]/cfPsf] b'O{ jif{leq} pgn] kf]v/fsf]km ];gdf gof “ t/Ë NofOg\ .kf]v/fdf a9]sf] nf]slk|otf;“u} clxn]pgn] sf7df8f}+df klg Ao'6LSnaP;sf] zfvf lj:tf/ u/]sL l5g\ .

u/]sf] sfo{qmddf hf“bf km];g]anx'g'k5{, cfkm\gf] sfo{qmddf t ;a}n]cfkm}+nfO{ dxŒj lbOxfN5g\ . zf]letx\of6 nufpgdf w]/} Wofg lbG5g\ .

lgb ] {zs o 'j/fh nfdfklx/gdf w]/} vr{ u5{g\, lsgeg]

Page 11: SAPTAHIK 7nf kbf] df{ gof“ cg 'xf/sf ] cf ]O/f ]himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/.../pdf/Saptahik_13_12.pdf · ;~rf/sdL{ e "if0f bfxfnn lgb ]zg u/]{ sf rnlrq …sfua ]gLÚ af6 rf/ gof“

;fpg !*, @)^$ Aug. 3, 2007 !!lkmNdL va/

k|Zg M d lxGb" o'js x'“ / d]/L k|]ldsf d'l:nd . xfd|f] k|]d ePsf]emG8} c9fO{ jif{ e};s]sf] 5 . xfdL Ps–csf{nfO{ z'4 k|]d ul//x]sf5f}+ . xfdLaLr s'g} gfhfoh ;DaGw 5}g . xfdL Ps–csf{sf] hLjg;fyLaGg rfxG5f}+ . s] lxGb" / d'l:ndsf] ljjfx ;Dej 5 < d clxn]bf]wf/df 5' . d]/f] dgdf cg]sf}+ v'Nb'nL 5 . wd{ km/s ePsfn]eljiodf s'g} g/fd|f] x'g] xf] ls eGg] qf; klg 5 .

–s]s]s]pQ/ M elgG5, k|]ddf hft / wd{sf s'/f uf}0f x'G5g\ . oBlk

xfd|f] k/Dk/fut ;f]rfOdf o:tf s'/fnfO{ dxŒj lbOG5 . tkfO{+x¿cGt/wfld{s ljjfx ug{ vf]Hg] klxnf] hf]8L xf]Og . ;a} wd{nfO{plQs} ;Ddfg lbOg] g]kfnL ;dfh ;a} ju{, hft / wd{sf dflg;x¿ldn]/ ag]sf] xf] . kl5Nnf] ;dodf cGt/hftLo jf cGt/wdL{oljjfx klg of] ;dfhdf w"dwfdn] ul/“b} cfPsf cg]sf}+ pbfx/0f5g\ . o; cy{df tkfO{+n] cflQg' kb}{g . o;df dgsf] s'/feGbf klgJofjxfl/s s'/fdf hfg' /fd|f] x'G5 . tkfO{+n] ;a}eGbf klxn] cfkm\gf]kl/jf/nfO{ oL ;a} s'/fsf] hfgsf/L lbg' plrt x'G5 . kl/jf/nfO{dgfPkl5 o'jtLsf] kl/jf/df s'/f rnfpg nufpg'xf];\ . x'g;S5,;'?df sf]xL gdfGnfg\, t/ la:tf/} pgLx¿nfO{ dgfpg ;lsG5 .o;sf nflu tkfO{+x¿df w}o{tf rflxG5 . dgdf cg]sf}+ s'/f v]nfP/TolQs} lklN;P/ a:g'eGbf cfkm\gf] p2]Zosf kIfdf ;s];Dd l56f]s'g} g s'g} sbd rfNg' a]; x'G5 .

kf]v/fnfO{ s]Gb | dfg]/5fofª\sg ul/Psf] rnlrq xfdL;fyLefOn] olta]nf l;g]dfxndfbz{ssf] ckf/ ;fy a6'n]sf] 5 .() k|ltzteGbf a9L b[Zo kf]v/fs};]/f]km]/f]df 3'd]sf] rnlrqsf] klxnf]k|bz{g klg kf]v/faf6} yflnPsf]xf] . gfosaf6 lgdf{tf ag]sflbnLk /fodfemL tyf ;'gLnbQkf08]n] ;+o'St ¿kdf nufgL u/]sf]of] rnlrqn] g]kfnL l;g]df x]g{xn;Dd gcfpg]x¿nfO{ klg tfg]sf]5 . rnlrqdf ufp“af6 cfPsfb'O { ;fyLefOsf] ;'v–b'Mvsf]syfnfO{ km/s 9+un] ul/Psf] 5 .

/lj cof{nn] lgb]{zg u/]sf] of] rnlrq%) nfv nufgLdf lgdf{0f ePsf] xf] .

bfh'efOaLrsf] c+z ljjfbdfcfwfl/t rnlrq …efOdf/fÚsf]k|bz{g sf7df8f}+ pkTosfaflx/af6cf/De e} xfn ;kmntftkm{ pGd've}/x]sf] pQm rnlrqsf lgdf{tf/d]zs'df/ kf08]n] atfP . ;'zLnIf]qL, ul/df kGt, lbg]z zdf{,lblUjho l;+x cflb snfsf/n]clego ul//x]sf] pQm rnlrqsflgb]{zs xl/ pbf;L x'g\ eg] o;dfxl/ nD;fnn] ;+uLt lbPsf 5g\ .

df/fd lnDa" efiffsf] Pp6fzAb xf], h;sf] cy{ …d"n af6f]Úx'G5 . of] rnlrq h]lgtf d'lehd]s;{ k|f=ln= sf] Aofg/df ;"o{

k|sfz r]Dhf]ªsf] syf÷k6syf /lgb]{zgdf 5fof+sg e}/x]sf] lnDa"; +:s [ ltdf cfwfl/t syfgsrnlrq xf] . sl/a & nfv vr{x'g] cg'dfg ul/Psf] of] rnlrqdflnDa"x¿sf] P]ltxfl;s wd{, ;+:s[ltcflb emNsfOPsf] 5 . rnlrqdfljz]iftM wfld{s ;lxi0f'tfsf] ;Gb]z/xg]5 . of ] rnlrq u|fdL0fe]unufot sf7df8f}+, kf“ry/sfljleGg P]ltxfl;s tyf ko{6sLo:ynx¿df 5fofª\sg e}/x]sf ]5 . rnlrqdf @))! sf ld:6/g]kfn ljh]tf /f]lxt y]a]n] klgclego u/]sf 5g\ . c9fO{ 306fnfdf] of] rnlrqsf 5fof“sf/ s]zj/fodfemL x'g\ .

kf7sx¿sf] k|]d lh1f;f Pj+ ;d:of;dfwfg ug]{ p2]Zon] xfdLn] of] :tDe ;'? u/]sf xf}+.

cfkm\gf k|]d;DaGwL ljleGg ;d:of xfdLnfO{ n]lvk7fpg'xf];\. tL ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ljleGg ljz]if1sf] /fo–

;Nnfxcg'¿k gflosf /]vf yfkfn] vf]Hg] k|of; ug'{x'g]5.of] :tDesf nflu s'g} z'Ns nfUg]5}g. cfkm\gf] ;d:of

;fKtflxssf] 7]ufgfdf k7fpg'xf]nf.

P8\;lj?4 ljkgf / o'j/fh

k|foM l;g] snfsf/x¿ ;'l6ªsfnflu g} kf]v/fdf em'NsG5g\ . uPsf];ftf ;f]djf/ eg] rlr{t gflosflakgf yfkf / rnlrq cleg]tf Pj+lgdf{tf o'j/fh nfdfnfO{ leGg}sfo{qmddf b]lvof] . pgLx¿ s'g}l;g]df;DaGwL ultljlwsf nflu oxf“cfPsf lyPgg\ . P8\;lj?4 /fli6«ohg;+3if{ ;ldltn] u/]sf] PrcfO{eL/ P8\;lj?4sf] cleofgdf /fhg}ltsg]t[Tjsf] e"ldsf ljifos sfo{qmddfpgLx¿ cltlysf ¿kdflgDTofOPsf lyP .

sfo{qmddf ljkgfn] PrcfO{eL/ nfu"kbfy{lj?4sf] cleofgdfhgr]tgf hufpg] sfo{df nfUg;a}nfO{ ;Nnfx lbOg\ . nfu"kbfy{b'Jo{;gL tyf PrcfO{eL ;ª\qmldtx¿n]gnhfO{ ;fyLefOx¿;“u cfk\mgf;d:ofx¿ cfbfgk|bfg ug'{kg]{ s'/fdf

klg pgn] hf]8 lbOg\ . ptfcleg]tf tyf lgdf{tf o'j/fh nfdfeg] sfo{qmddf s]xL efj's b]lvP .ljut @) jif {b ] lv ljb ]zLrnlrqsf] x:tIf ]k / g]kfnLrnlrqsf ] ; +/If0fsf vflt/af ]Nb } cfPsf nfdf o;k6snfu"kbfy{ b 'Jo {;gLsf af/ ]dfaf]n] . pgs} 5f]/f l;4fy{ nfdfnfu"kbfy{ k|of]ustf{ x'g\ / pgLclxn] l/sel/ªsf] k|lqmofdf 5g\ .

sfo{qmddf nfdfn] cfkm"n]cfk\mgf] 5f]/f nfu"kbfy{ k|of]ustf{ePsf] w]/} ;dokl5 dfq yfxfkfPsf] atfP . o;f] x'g'df pgL5f]/fsf] dfq ge} cfk\mgf] klg bf]if/x ]s f ] atfpb } lyP .5f]/f5f]/Lx¿nfO{ s'ntaf6 arfpgcleefjsx¿ g} k|d'v ¿kdf ;r]tx'g'kg]{ ;Gb]z pgn] lbP .

Page 12: SAPTAHIK 7nf kbf] df{ gof“ cg 'xf/sf ] cf ]O/f ]himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/.../pdf/Saptahik_13_12.pdf · ;~rf/sdL{ e "if0f bfxfnn lgb ]zg u/]{ sf rnlrq …sfua ]gLÚ af6 rf/ gof“

;fpg !*, @)^$ Aug. 3, 2007 !$s]jn Ps k|Zg

tkfO { +s f ] vf; } rrf { 5 }g lglxhf]cfh <6]lnlehgdf b'O{ jif{ sfd u/]+ . kl5Nnf]k6s d}n] Tolt lkmNd agfPsf] 5}g .sfd gu/]kl5 rrf{ x'g] s'/} ePg, t/ca km]l/ sfd ub} {5' .

s] sfd xf] To:tf] <xfd|f] ldng slxn] x'G5 gfds rnlrqsf]xf]d k|f]8S;g ub}{5' .

pxL k'/fg} z}nLdf t xf]nf lgca klg <ca d o'ub]lv o'u;Dd, s;d cflb h:tf]k f/ fn ] sfd ulb {g “ . tL rnlrqTolta]nfnfO{ lyP . ca ho g]kfn /s'df/L xn hfg] bz{ssf nflu klg x'g]rnlrq agfp“5' .

k '/fgf rnlrqsdL {x¿sf ] lbguPh:tf] nfUb}g <pd]/n] a"9f]eGbf klg ;f]r–ljrf/n] a"9f] x'“bflbg hfG5 . o; lx;fadf d t tGg]/L g} 5' .

a"9f lgb]{zsn] l/6fo/ eP x'G5 eGg]x¿klg lg:sg yfn]sf 5g\ lg <l;h{gfdf ysfg x'“b}g . xlnp8df s:tf–s:tf a"9fx¿n] of]ªx¿sf lglDt rnlrqagfO/x]sf 5g\, d]/f] s'/f ug'{x'G5 eg] dolta]nf km]l/ hf]l:;Psf] 5' .

tkfO+{ hf]l:;P/ bz{sn] s] kfpnfg\ <pxL kmfO6, pxL ufgf, pxL ;+jfb, o:tfs'/faf6 bz{s jfSs e };s ] . cax ] g ' { x f ] ; \ g , d }n ] lgb ] {zg u/ ]sfrnlrq . xfd|f ] ldng slxn] x'G5 kl5d]/f] d"Nof+sg ug' {xf ]nf .

cl3Nnf ] k ':tfdf / ]vf yfkf .c lxn ] d ] / f ] k ' :t fd f sf ] x L k lgdhlQsf 5}gg\ . ;a} a]:6 5g\ eg]d pgLx¿eGbf a]:6 5' .

–Crf l3ld/], rnlrq gflosfsf] x'g' / < sf]xL klg 5}gg\ .

d]/f ] k|lt:kwL{ d cfkm} + x' “ . dnfO{cfÎgf] sfd;“u dtna 5 . d]/f] cfkm\g}w]/} sfd ePsf] Pp6f rnlrq;“u csf]{rnlrqsf] k|lt:kwf{ x'G5 . To;/L klgd]/f] cfkm}+;“u k|lt:kwf{ e}/x]sf] 5 .

–PgaL dxh{g, åGå lgb]{zslg?tf l;+x . xf==xf===xf==. pxf“sf]

clego dnfO{ klxn]b]lv dgkYof] { . dpxf “h:tL cleg ]qL x 'g rfxG5 ' .To;}n] d]/f ] k|lt:kwL{ pxf“nfO{ g}

eGg'k¥of], ls s;f] <Ú–z'e]R5f yfkf

rnlrq÷6]lnrnlrq cleg]qLd}n] s;}nfO{ cfkm\gf]

k|lt:kwL{ dfg]sf] 5}g, t/k|lt:kwL{ g} dfGg] xf] eg]

/fh]z xdfnb]lv d /fh]z9'+ufgf;Dd xfn rnlrqdf sfo{/t;a} gfos;“u d]/f] k|lt:kwf{ 5,:jR5 k|lt:kwf{==.

–/fh]z 9'+ufgf, rnlrq gfosnf slDkl6;g, nf}g sf];“u

5 / < Crf l3ld/], k'hfgf;a} d]/f slDkl66/ x'g\ .pgLx¿ d]/f ldNg] ;fyL klgx'g\, t/ pgLx¿;“u /fd|f]sfd u/]/ b]vfpg] k|lt:kwf{klg 5 .Ú

–/~h' nfld5fg]rnlrq÷6]lnrnlrq

gflosf

tkfO{+sf] k];fdf ;a}eGbfglhssf] k|lt:kwL{ s;nfO{

dfGg'x'G5 <

@)$$ ;fndf z'ef/De ul/Psf] rnlrq ‘efUo/]vf’ af6 lgb]{zssf ¿kdf /htk6dfb]lvPsf bLks /fodfemL gg:6k lgb]{zs x'g\ . pgn] o'ub]lv o'u;Dd, s;d, k|]o;L,k/fO{3/, c“ufnf]–c“ufnf]df, s:tf] ;Demf}tf, of] dfofn] nf}g ;tfof], k"hf, ah|kft cflbrnlrq lgb]{zg ul/;s]sf 5g\ . /fodfemLn] g]kfn 6]lnlehgsf lglDt ! ;o ^ efusf]6]lnlkmNd ‘j+z’ klg agfP . lgb]{zs bLks /fodfemL;“u ;fKtflxssf] hDsfe]6 M

hDsf

e]6

d tGg]/L g} 5'

Page 13: SAPTAHIK 7nf kbf] df{ gof“ cg 'xf/sf ] cf ]O/f ]himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/.../pdf/Saptahik_13_12.pdf · ;~rf/sdL{ e "if0f bfxfnn lgb ]zg u/]{ sf rnlrq …sfua ]gLÚ af6 rf/ gof“

;fpg !*, @)^$ Aug. 3, 2007

rnlrq

!%klxnf] ljZj

cfO{ gf] x' lsN8 ldxlnp8 rnlrq pBf]udf

cl3Nnf] z'qmaf/ rnlrq …cfO{ gf]x' lsN8 dLÚ ;fj{hlgs eof] . ly|n/dfcfwfl/t of] rnlrqdf lx+;f / oftgf ef]u]sL Pp6L o'jtLsf]dd:kzL{ clego x]g{ kfOG5 . lqm; l;e6{;gsf] lgb]{zgdf lgdf{0fePsf] of] rnlrqdf lnG8\;] nf]xfg, h'lnof cf]/df]G8, gLn Dofs8f]gkm,a|fog u]/f£6L cflbn] clego u/]sf 5g\ . rnlrqdf ca|] km\n]ldªsf]e"ldsfdf clego ug]{ lnG8\;] nf]xfg g} zLif{ rl/qdf l5g\ . ca|] ;a}b[li6sf]0fn] /fd|L o'jtL x'g\ . pgL Pp6f cfbz{gu/df a:b} cfPsLlyOg\, t/ ;do laTb} hf“bf Toxf“sf] jftfj/0f czflGtdf kl/0ftx'G5 . ca|]nfO{ >[ª\vnfa4 xTofsf08 dRrfp“b} cfPsf] Pp6f ;d"xn]ckx/0f u5{ . pQm ;d"xn] pgnfO{ cg]sf}+ oftgf;d]t lbG5 . ca|]Toxf“af6 efUg] k|of; ul5{g\, t/ pgnfO{ Ps hgfn] o:tf] vt/gfsk|of; gug{ ;Nnfx lbG5 . rnlrqdf ca|] dfgl;s ¿kd} ylstx'lG5g\, pgn] z+sf u/]sf JolQm lg/k/fwL x'G5g\ eg] z+s} gu/]sfJolQm ck/fwL e}/x]sf x'G5g\ . cd]l/sfsf] n; P~hn; tyf Go'of]s{df5fof+sg ul/Psf] of] rnlrqdf of}gljs[ltsf] kIfnfO{ ;d]t ;d]l6Psf] 5 .

d]l/uf]N8of] ;ftf ;fj{hlgs x'g] rnlrq …d]l/uf]N8Ú

nfO{ …Do'lhsn /f]dflG6s sd]8LÚ sf] pkdf lbOPsf]5 . Pp6L cd]l/sL o'jtL ef/t e|d0fsf nflucfp“bf pgsf] hLjgdf csNkgLo 36gf 36\5 .cd]l/sL rnlrqsL gflosf d]l/uf]N8 n]S;6f]gef/t e|d0fdf cfp“l5g\ . d]/L uf]jfdf 5fof“sge}/x]sf] Pp6f xlnp8 rnlrqdf clegoul//x]sL x'lG5g\ . 3d08L Jojxf/sL d]/Lsf]e]6 rnlrqsf Ps g[To lgb]{zs k|]d;“u x'G5 .

k|]dsf] ;xof]uL Pj+ dfofn' Jojxf/af6 k|efljt ePkl5 pgL pg};“uk|]d ug{ yflN5g\ . csf{tkm{ k|]dsf] ef/tLo o'jtL hfgjL;“u dfuLljjfx x'g nfu]sf] x'G5 . k|]dn] d]l/uf]N8nfO{ dgk/fpg yfn]sf] rfnkfPkl5 hfgjL pgLx¿sf] hLjgaf6 x6\l5g\ t/ d]l/uf]N8sf cd]l/sLk|]dL a]/Ln] eg] Tof] ;DaGw / hfgjLsf] TofunfO{ :jLsf/ ug{;Sb}gg\ . ;ndfg vfgsf ;fy cd]l/sL gflosf cln nfb{/n] clegou/]sf] of] rnlrqsf lgb]{zs ljncf8{ Sof/f]n x'g\ . xlnp8sf lgdf{tfåo6d x\ljnxfO6 / rfN;{ ;fNdf]gn] lgdf{0f u/]sf] of] rnlrqdf z+s/Ozfg nf]osf] ;+uLt ;'Gg kfOG5 .

a|fhrf/hgf l6gPh/ cd]l/sfsf ljleGg

/fHoaf6 cfPsf x'G5g\ . pgLx¿sf] cf–cfkm\g} ;+:sf/ x'G5 . leGg ;fdflhskl/j]zdf x'ls{Psf pgLx¿sf] e]63f6kl5ldqtf sfod x'G5 . pgLx¿sf] /xg;xg,af]nL–Jojxf/ s]xL klg ldNb}g . pgLx¿aLrPp6} s'/f ldN5 Tof] xf]– ;+uLtk|ltsf] ?lr .uLt–;+uLt eg]kl5 x'?Ss} x'g] tL rf/hgfldn]/ Pp6f ;f+uLlts ;d"x tof/ kf5{g\ /;d"xsf] gfd /fV5g\– a|fh 8N; . xf:ok|wfg;f+uLlts rnlrqsf ¿kdf o'jfo'jtLsf nflu eg]/ tof/ kfl/Psf]of] rnlrq o;} ;ftf ;fj{hlgs x'“b}5 . :sfOn/ ;fo, d]lnh hf], lsddf]uf{g lu|g], 8]lgon a'sf] tyf r]N;L :6asf] d'Vo e"ldsf /x]sf] of] rnlrqsflgb]{zs l;g d]Sgd/f x'g\ .

cd]l/sLx¿sfof}g ;fyL

b O:6/ a]Ghfldg d]df]l/on kmfpG8];gn] ef/tsf] xl/of0ff/fHol:yt cd/ ;s{;df sfo{/t !^ hgf g]kfnL aflnsfnfO{ km]nfkf/]sf] 5 . ;s{;df lgMs[i6 :t/sf] sfd ug{ afWo @) jif{d'lgsf oLaflnsfx¿dWo] ( hgfnfO{ g]kfn kmsf{O;lsPsf] 5 . kmfpG8];gsf;+:yfks lgb]{zs lkmlnk xf]ND;sf cg';f/ af“sL cGonfO{ :jb]zkmsf{pg] k|of; hf/L 5 . p4f/ ul/Psfx¿nfO{ s]xL ;do k'g:yf{kgfs]Gb|df /fv]/ 3/ k7fOg] s'/f kmfpG8];gn] atfPsf] 5 .

;s{;df sfo{/t g]kfnL aflnsfx¿sf] p4f/

b 'O { cyjf tLg < xf ]Og .cd]l/sLx¿sf] hLjgdf cf};t !%hgfeGbf a9L of}g;fyL 5g\ .cd]l/sfsf] ;+3Lo ;/sf/n] u/]sf]cflwsfl/s ;j]{If0fdf of] tYocufl8 cfPsf] xf] . ;/sf/n] of}glqmofsnfk tyf g;fn' kbfy{k|of]usf af/]df /fi6«JofkL ;j]{If0fu/]sf] lyof], h;df @( k|ltztcd]l/sL k'?if tyf ( k|ltztdlxnfn] cfkm\gf] !% hgfeGbf a9Lof}g ;fyL ePsf] :jLsf/ u/] .;j]{If0fcg';f/ cf};tdf Ps hgfcd]l/sL k'?ifsf] hLjgdf & hgfdlxnf ;fyL tyf dlxnfsf] hLjgdf$ hgf k'?if ;fyL /x]sf] kfOof] .;g\ !((( b]lv @))@ sf] cjlwdfof] ;j]{If0f ul/Psf] lyof] . ;j]{IF0fsfqmddf @) b]lv %( jif{ pd]/sf ^xhf/ @ ;o #& cd]l/sL;“uljleGg k|Zg ;f]lwPsf] lyof] .

jftfj/0fk|]dL ;]jOnfn;DaGwL 8s'd]G6«L

g]jf/ km'RrLx¿sf] k|ltef

O6x/L— ; 'g;/L dw ]nLlgjf;L ;]jOnfn rf}w/L;DaGwL8s'd]G6 «L lgdf {0f ePsf ] 5 .rf}w/Lsf] ;fpg !) ut] lgwgePsf] lyof] . rf}w/L ;fwf/0fls;fgsf 5f]/f t/, c;fwf/0f kfqlyP . *$ jifL{o rf}w/L bd/f]uaf6ynf k/]sf lyP .

kqsf/ z +s/ v/ ]nsf ]uLt÷kl/sNkgf tyf lgb]{zgdftof/ ePsf] #@ ldg]6sf] pQm8s'd]G6«Ldf rf}w/Lsf] jftfj/0fcleofg tyf lgwg ePkl5sf b[Zo

;d]l6Psf] 5 . ;'g;/Lsf] dw]nL,sf7df8f}+, O6x/L, lj/f6gu/ cflb:yfgdf 5fofÍg ul/Psf] of ]j[Qlrq r'dgf/fo0f tabf/n] lgdf{0fu/]sf x'g\ . o;sf] k|bz{g ;fpgsf]t];|f] ;ftf ;'g;/Lsf] b'xaL l;g]dfxndf x'g]5 .

rf}w/Lsf] jg / jftfj/0fk|ltce"tk"j{ k|]d lyof] . rf}w/Ln] ufp“sf]em'k8Lb]lv b/af/;Ddsf] ofqf tou/]sf lyP . rf}w/L /fhf jL/]Gb|af6uf]bjf rf}yf] @)$(, jg tyfjftfj/0f dGqfno k'/:sf/ @)$(,u0f]zdfgl;+x cWoog k|lti7fg@)%@, g]kfn h]l;h jif{ k'/:sf/,hg;+Vof tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno;Ddfg, dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf;dfh sNof0f k'/:sf/, s[i0fk|;fbsf]O/fnf ;Ddfgnufot bh{gf} +k '/:sf/af6 ;Ddflgt lyP .sf]l/ofl:yt jftfj/0fjfbL ;+:yfcfO{cfO{ Pkm8An'kL tyf cfO{cfO{kLkLn]rf}w/LnfO{ ut jif{ ;b\efjgf /fhb"tlgo'Qm ub}{ ;Ddfg u/]sf] lyof] .

hgdt;ª\u|x -@)#^ ;fn_tfsf tTsfnLg ;/sf/n] jg k“m8fgLu/]kl5 ;fwf/0f v]tL–ls;fgL ub}{ cfPsfrf}w/Ln] ;fj{hlgs :yfgx?df b;f}+ xhf/la?jf /f]k]sf lyP .

—;Gtf]if ofbj

k|foM af:s]6an v]nsf ]cEof; x'g] 7d]nl:yt hL=P=P=xndf ut zlgaf/ k/Dk/fut g]jf/Lklx/gdf ;lhPsf ( b]lv !# jif{pd]/ ;d"xsf $* hgf g]jf/aflnsfn] cf–cfkm\gf] k|ltef k|bz{gu/ ] . afnaf lnsf;DaGwLk|ltof]utfdf dxŒjk"0f{ dflgg]…6\ofn]G6Ú Pjf8{sf] ljh]tf 5gf}6sfnflu ;~rfng ul/Psf] pQm k|ltefk |bz {g sfo {qmddf ;xefuL

k|lt:kwL{x¿dWo] clwsf+zn] g[Tok|:t't u/]sf lyP eg] af“sLn]jfBjfbg, sljtfjfrg, ufog,jst[Tjsnf tyf clegodfkm{tcfkm\gf] k|ltef k|:t't u/]sf lyP .Gx'hM u'7Lsf] ;xeflutfdf g]KnLhkm];g xf]dn] ut jif{b]lv ;~rfngug{ yfn]sf] ld; lnl6n g]jfMk|ltof]lutfcGtu{t ;~rflnt pQm6\ofn]G6 /fpG8sf ljh]tfsf] gfdef ] ln zlgaf/ k |1f–ejgdf;~rfng x'g] clGtd k|lt:kwf{df3f]if0ff ul/g]5 .

/f]lxof dxh{g tyf ljj]s >]i7sf]sf]l/of]u|fkmLdf ;~rfng x'g] clGtdk|lt:kwf{sf nflu ut Ps dlxgfb]lv;xefuLx¿nfO{ JolQmTj–ljsf;,sf]l/of]u|fkmL, cFTdljZjf; clej[l4,k|:t'lts/0fnufot g]jf/ efiff, snf–;+:s[lt cflbsf af/]df k|lzIf0flbOPsf] 5 . ld; lnl6n g]jfMk|ltof]lutfsf] zLif{ pkflw, km:6 /g/ck,;]s]G8 /g/cksf cltl/Qm cGo !#j6f ljwfdf ;xefuLx¿dWo]af6ljh]tf 5gf}6 ul/g]5 .

ljlsgLljgfsL ;'Gb/L;f}Gbo{ k|ltof]lutf cfof]hgf x' “b}cfPsf] 5 ‘ld; c/a jN8{’sf ] gfdn] .

k|ltof]lutfsf] clwsf+zk|:t'ltdf ;xefuL ;'Gb/Lx¿n]cfkm\gf] z/L/ 6Dd} 9fs]sf x'G5g\eg] sltko ;xefuL ;'Gb/Ln]cfkm\gf] lz/;d]t :sfkmn] 5f]k]sfx'G5g\ . of] jif{sf] ld; c/ajN8{dfc/a d'n 'ssf !^ /fi 6 «s f;'Gb/Ln] ;xeflutf hgfPsflyP, h;df ld; ax/fOg jfkmfofuf]kn] pkflw xft kfl/g\ .

Pp6f dflg;sf] hLjgdfslt hgf of}g;fyL x'G5g\ < Ps,

o'lgogåf/f of}g rnlrq lgdf{0f

o'/f]lkog o'lgog o'/f]ksf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs Pj+ ;f+:s[lts;d[l4sf nflu ;lqmo ;+:yf ePsf] s'/f ;a}nfO{ yfxf ePs} ljifoxf] . oxL o'lgogn] of}g rnlrq agfp“5 eGg] s'/f sd}nfO{kTof/ nfUg ;S5 . xfn} o'/f]lkog o'lgogn] !* hf]8LnfO{ ;d]6]/of}glqmofdf nfu]sf] b[ZonfO{ cfwf/ agfO{ 5f]6f] rnlrq …n]6\;sd 6' u]b/Ú lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5 . dlxnf tyf k'?ifx¿nfO{ lgj{:q¿kdf of}g lqmofdf ;+nUg x'g nfu]sf] b[Zo b]vfOg] pQm rnlrqo'lgogsf] k|]; zfvfn] lgdf{0f u/]sf] xf] . o'lgogn] o'/f]lkogrnlrqsf] nf]slk|otfnfO{ cem Jofks agfpg pQm rnlrqnfO{k|of]u ug]{ ePsf] 5 . sl/a $$ ;]s]G8sf] pQm rnlrqnfO{ o'6'adf /flvPsf] 5 eg] rnlrqn] kof{Kt nf]slk|otf klg kfO/x]sf]5 . Ps tYof+scg';f/ of] rnlrq pQm j]a;fO6af6 #( nfvk6s x]l/;lsPsf] 5 .

cGTodf==tkfO{+nfO{ of}gsf

af/]df s'g} hfgsf/Lrf lxof ] eg ] s ]ug'{x'G5 < kSs} klglrlsT;ssxf “ uP/k/fdz{ ug'{x'G5 . x'gklg To;eGbf e/kbf]{pkfo c¿ gx'g ;S5,t/ ;a} :yfgdf of}g/f]u ljz]if1 x'G5g\ eGg]5}g . o:t} lsl;dsf

;d:of ef ] lu/x]sfx¿nfO{ nlIft u/]/ ;~rfngdf cfPsf ]www.bettersex.com lgs} nf]slk|o e}/x]sf] 5 . cfkm\gf] ;fO6dfcfpg] c;+Vo ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ tNnLg of] ;fO6n] xfn O{–sd;{dfkm{tcfkm\gf] ;]jfnfO{ cem kl/is[t u/]sf] 5 . of] ;fO6n] clxn] ljleGglel8of] km'6]hdfkm{t of}g cf;g, ;d:of–;dfwfg, of}g lzIffh:tfljifo klg ;dfj]z u/]sf] 5 .

o'jtLx¿nfO{ l:jd ;'6dfk|:t't gu/L cGt/f{li6«o :t/sf] s'g}klg ;f}Gbo{ k|ltof]lutf x'G5 eGg]s'/fdf sd}n] ljZjf; u5{g\, lsglscGt/f{li6«o :t/df a9]sf] ;f}Gbo{k|ltof]lutfsf] nx/n] of] s'/fnfO{;f]em} gsfg]{ u/]sf] 5, t/ ljutb'O{ jif{b]lv o'jtLnfO{ l:jd ;'6dfk|:t't gu/L cGt/f{li6«o :t/sf]

lnl6n ld; sf7df8f}+sf] 5gf}6 cfh;fpg] em/Lsf sf/0f df};ddf

clnslt lr;f]kgsf] cfef; eP klgafnaflnsf;DaGwL k|lt:kwf{sf] udL{eg] a9]sf] b]lvG5 . ljut s]xL;dootfb]lv o:tf sfo{qmdsf]cfof]hgfdf j[l4 ePsf] b]lvG5 .o;aLr cfh /fhwfgL l:ytk|1fejgdf lnl6n ld; sf7df8f}+pkflwsf nflu ljleGg ljBfnodf

cwoog/t ( b]lv !# jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf$& hgf aflnsfaLr k|lt:kwf{ x'“b}5 .d'eL xfp;sf] cfof]hgf, clgnf >]i7sf];+of]hg tyf Ozf ah|frfo{ / ls/0f>]i7sf] sf]l/of]u|fkmLdf ;~rfng x'g]of ] k | lt:kwf {df lnl6n ld;sf7df8f}+ ljh]tf, km:6 /g/ck,;]s]G8 /g/ck;lxt cGo !# j6fljwfdf ljh]tf 5gf}6 ul/g]5 .

Page 14: SAPTAHIK 7nf kbf] df{ gof“ cg 'xf/sf ] cf ]O/f ]himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/.../pdf/Saptahik_13_12.pdf · ;~rf/sdL{ e "if0f bfxfnn lgb ]zg u/]{ sf rnlrq …sfua ]gLÚ af6 rf/ gof“

;fpg !*, @)^$ Aug. 3, 2007

‘nfld5fg] af’ s:tf] k|s[ltsf]uLt xf] </dfOnf] k|s[ltsf] . ljz]if u/L o;nfO{x“;fpg] / afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ dgkg]{uLt eGg ;lsG5 .uLtdfkm{t s] eGg vf]Hg'ePsf] 5 <vf;} ;Gb]z lbg vf]lhPsf] 5}g,t/ uLt /dfOnf] 5 . Ps hgfo'jssf] ljjfx ug]{ /x/ 5, t/ljjfx ug{ eg] gkfPsf] Joyfo;df pNn]v 5 .uLt s;/L km '/ \of ] <v;f{ªdf sfo{qmd ug{ hf“bf kqsf/sdn l/dfn;“u Pp6f /dfOnf] uLtagfpg] k|;+u sf]6\ofpg] qmddf of]uLtsf] zAb tof/ eof] . c¿nfO{zAb ;'gfp“bf ;a}n] /fd|f] eg]kl5/]sl8ª ul/of] .D o ' l hs le l8o f ] k l g t/dfOn } /x ]5 <of] d}n] cfkm}+n] agfPsf] lel8of]xf], h;df ufp“n] kl/j]z ;d]l6Psf]5 . o;sf] 5fofª\sg df]/ªsfufp“x¿df ul/Psf] xf] . Do'lhslel8of]nfO{ uLtsf] efjh:t}/dfOnf] agfpg vf]h]sf] 5' .Do'lhs lel8of]n] ubf{ uLtn]rrf{ kfPsf] xf] <zAb, ; +uLt, ufog ;a }xf:ok|wfg ePsfn] Do'lhslel8of] klg xf:ok|wfg g} 5 .To;}n] ;a}n] dg k/fPsf 5g\ .

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ladfs'df/L b'/fglhsaf6hGdldlt M @)@* j}zfv ( ut]3/df af]nfpg] gfd M g]K6LtkfO{+sf] gfdsf] cy{ M xh'/dfsf] gfd ladf g} ePsfn] pxf“s}

:d[ltdf /flvPsf]hGd:yfg M b'/f8f“8f, ndh'ªc¿n] yfxf gkfPsf s'/f M s'g} klg s'/f ;Lw} eG5'klxnf] uLt M !# jif{cl3 /]s8{ ePsf] …nfO5' dfof cs}{sf] gf;f]Úklxnf] PNad M !# jif{cl3 …5'6\of] dfofhfnÚk|sflzt PNad M 5'6\of] dfofhfn, ;lsg“ la;{g, kms{ ca

t, ;Dem]/ kms{ x}, e]6\g] /x/ 5, lrgf],lr7L cfof] wfuf]n] af“w]sf], kfp“bLsf] bf]efg .

klxnf] k|]d M a"9f];“uklxnf] 8]l6ª M :6'l8of]df3'Dg hfg] 7fp“ M hGd:yfgdgkg]{ gfos M lzj >]i7dgkg]{ uflosf M ;fljqL zfxdgkg]{ klx/g M cfkm\g} hfltsf] u'Go"–rf]nLkm';{bdf M ;'T5'glhssf] ;fyL M d]/L ;f]lN6gL OGb|fdgkg]{ cfkm\g} afgL M em§ c¿nfO{ ljZjf; gu/L cfkm\g} e/df lx+8\g]dggkg]{ cfkm\g} afgL M s]xL klg 5}g;a}eGbf a9L dfof M 5f]/LnfO{/dfOnf] If0f M hGd:yfg k'u]/ ;“u} v]n]sf ;fyL;“uL e]6\bfg/dfOnf] If0f M 3/af6 ;x/sf nflu lg:s“bfug{ af“sL sfd M ladf sxf“sL eGbf g]kfnsL eg]/ lrlgg kfpm“dgkg]{ pkxf/ M uLt ;'g]/ ljb]zaf6 k|z+;sn] k7fPsf s'g} klg;j{k|yd ahfPsf] afhf M dfbnl/; p7]sf] a]nf M ;'T5'

dGq M k|jf;L g]kfnLsf] k|ltlglw /s AofG8

w/fg– k|jf;L g]kfnLx¿sf];f+uLlts of]ubfgnfO{ bfhL{lnªsf]/s AofG8 …dGqÚn] lg/Gt/tf lbPsf]5 . dGqsf d]nf]8L /s uLtx¿g]kfnL o'jfk':tfdfem nf]slk|o 5g\ .;g\ @))# df ahf/df cfPsf]klxnf] PNad …dGqÚn] of] AofG8nfO{tGg]/L k':tfdf lrgfPsf] lyof] .To;sf] b'O{ jif{kl5 ;fj{hlgsul/Psf] bf];+|f] PNad …/s ofqfÚn]dGqsf] nf]slk|otf x\jfQ} a9fPsf]lyof] . ut jif{ ahf/df cfPsf]t];|f] PNad …lxdfnL g]kfnLÚn] klg/fd|} ahf/ kfPsf] 5 .

@$ b]lv #& jif {;Ddsfrf}/:tf cf;kf;sf o'jfx¿sf] ;d"x…dGqÚ g]kfnLefifL o'jfk':tfsf] dfqxf]Og, ef/tsf ljleGg ;x/df klgnf]slk|o aGb} uPsf] 5 . dGqef/tLo /fhwfgL gof“ lbNnL,gfuNofG8, l;lSsd, lxdf~rn,e'6fg, l;nf]ª, Do'h/km, sf]nsftftyf bfhL{lnªsf @ ;oeGbf a9L;f+uLlts sfo{qmddf ;xefuLe};s]sf ] s'/f atfp“b} o;sfef]sln:6 ef:s/ b]jfg eG5g\–…sG;6{n] ubf{ 3/df 6fOd lbgEofO“b}g .Ú ef/tsf ljleGg ;x/dfcfof]hgf x'g] sG;6{df pgLx¿c+u|]hL uLt k|:t't u5{g\ . ef]sln:6ef:s/sf cg';f/ AofG8 rf “8 }c + u | ] h L u L tx¿s f ] P NadlgsfNg] tof/Ldf 5 . g]kfndfeg] of] ;d"xn] eb|k'/, latf{df]8,kf ]v/f tyf w/fgsf sG;6{df

;f+uLlts snf b]vfO;s]sf] 5 .tGg]/L k':tfdf nf]slk|o eP

klg dGq /s, kk jf x]jL d]6n; +uLt k | :t 't ug { ] k |j f;Lg]kfnLx¿sf] klxnf] AofG8 eg]xf]Og . g]kfndf vf;} rrf{ gkfPklg bfhL{lnªdf bzscl3 g}km/la8g k|m'6, /f]l:6g]N;, k|no, o'P;AofG8nufot @)–@% j6f AofG8nf]slk|o lyP . lg/Gt/tf lbgg;Sbf tL AofG8x¿ clxn ]cl:tTjdf 5}gg\ . c+u|]hL AofG8x¿d]6flnsf, l8«d lyP6/, cfO/gd]6gaf6 k|efljt dGqsf o'jf;+uLtsdL{x¿ /s, Hofh, An'h tyf:nf]–kmf:6 /s uLtdf cAan dflgG5 .

g]kfnL jfBjfbg ;f/+uL tyfaf“;'/Lsf] w'g ;d]6]/ dGqn] s]xLuLtnfO{ km\o'hg /s agfpg] k|of;u/]sf] 5 . ;d"xsf nflu ef/tLok|x/Ldf sfo{/t ljwfg yfkf;]S;f]kmf]g / af“;'/L ahfpg] sfdu5{g\ eg] ;]gfsf hflu/] ljlkgyfkfn] 8«d ahfp“b} cfPsf 5g\ .dgLif yfkfn] ls–af]8{, k|ef;;'Aafn] a]; lutf/ tyf :juL{o;+uLtsdL{ uf]kfn of]~hgsf ef~hfk|1f nfdfn] ln8 lutf/ ;DxfNb}cfPsf 5g\ . dGqsf ef]sln:6ef:s/ :yfgLo ljBfnosf lzIfsklg x'g\ . dGqdf Psh'6 x'g'cl3k|1f, efis/ / dgLif bfhL{lnªs}qmdzM dnfOsf, qm';]6;{ tyf ;d'b|dGyg AofG8;“u cfa4 lyP .

–/fh' l3l;ª

uLtsf/ /df]nfb]jL zfxl5Ggntfsf] gfddf :yfkgful/Psf] l5Ggntf uLt–;+uLtk'/:sf/ @)^# af6 $ hgf;h{snfO{ ;Ddfg ul/Psf] 5 .a;]{lg k|bfg ul/“b} cfPsf] of]k'/:sf/cGtu{t uLt /rgftkm{s~rg k'8f;}gL, ;+uLttkm{/Tgaxfb '/ tyf ufogtkm {nf]rg e§/fO{nfO{ @) xhf//flz;lxt k'/:sf/ k|bfg ul/Psf]lyof ] . To;}u/L !) xhf//flz;lxtsf] l5Ggntf k|ltefk'/:sf/ klxnf] g]kfnL tf/f bLkslnDa"nfO{ k|bfg ul/of] .

jl/i7 ;+uLtsf/ cDa/u'¿ªnfO{ o; jif{sf] cf:yf;Ddfgaf6 ;Ddfg ul/Psf] 5 .ut z 'qmaf/ g ]kfn k |1f–k | lti7fgdf cfof ] lht Pssfo{qmddf ;+:s[ltljb\ ;Todf]xghf]zLn] ;+uLtsf/ u'?ªnfO{ pQm;Ddfg k|bfg u/]sf lyP .o;cl3 pQm ;Ddfg r]tg sfsL{,kmQ]dfg /fhe08f/L, j;Gt/fodfemL tyf d[u]Gb|dfg ld>n]kfO;s]sf 5g\ . sfo{qmddf ;ljgfsfsL{, x]dGt zdf{, lzlz/ of]uL,b]ljsf aGbgf, gj/fh 3f]/f;}gL,cfzf nfdf, cfuGt's v/]n,df08jL lqkf7L, sGsfO:6 /fO{cflb ufos–uflosfn] cf–cfkm\gf]uLt ufPsf lyP .

ufO{hfqf cfpg cem} Psdlxgf af“sL 5 . oBlk ufO{hfq]Joª\Uo ;d]l6Psf PNadx¿ eg]ahf/df cfpg yfln;s]sf 5g\ .o;aLr xf:ohf]8L …v/LÚ cyf{t\

vgfn z]v/ Pj+ l/hfn lzjz+s/n]ufO{hfq] PNad …pu|udgÚ ;fj{hlgsu/]sf 5g\ . PNaddf Kof/f]8L uLt, k|x;gcflb ;d]l6Psf] 5 .

ut jif{ g]kfnon] cfof]hgfu/]sf] zflGt ;+uLtsf] ofqfcGtu{teQmk'/df uLt ufpg hfg] qmddfkk;d|f6\ cf]dljqmd lji6sL >LdtLhLjgsf] clGtd knx¿ sfl6/x]sLlyOg\ . sfo{qmd ;s]/ lji6 3/kmls{Pkl5 ToxL a]n'sf pgsL>LdtLn] of] ;+;f/af6 labf lnOg\ .s]xL ;docl3 dfq ;flxTosf/ lktfbf}ntljqmd lji6 / cfdf u'dfPsfufos lji6n] kTgL km\nf]/fnfO{ klgu'dfPkl5 w]/} PSnf] dx;'; u/]sf]atfp“b} cfPsf lyP . ufos lji6oltv]/ gof“ uLlt;+u|x ahf/dfNofpg] tof/Ldf h'6]sf 5g\, h;dfpgn] Pp6f uLt cfkm\gL lbj+ut>LdtL km\nf]/fsf] :d[ltdf ufPsf5g\ . ufos lji6n] ut ;ftf/fhwfgLdf cfof]lht Ps sfo{qmddf;Ddfg u|x0f u/]kl5 pQm uLtufPsf lyP . ufos lji6sfcg';f/ of ] uLtsf x/ ]s zAb>LdtL km\nf]/fk|lt ;dlk{t 5g\ .pQm ;+u|xdf ufos lji6n] ¥ofk;+uLtklg k|of]u u/]sf 5g\ .

ut zlgaf/b]lv 6fOD; Do'lhsk|f=ln= gfds gof“ ;+uLt sDkgL;fj{hlgs ePsf] 5 . gof“ ;|i6fx¿nfO{;xof]u ug]{ p2]Zon] :yfkgf ePsf]atfOPsf] pQm sDkgLn] ;f]xL lbgcfkm\gf] nf]uf] klg cgfj/0f u¥of] .lj=;+= @)^@ ;fn cflZjgdf btf{ePsf] pQm sDkgLn] sl/a Ps bh{guLlt;+u|x ahf/df NofO;s]sf ]

sDkgLsf k|aGw lgb]{zs nId0fx'dfufO{+n] atfP . sfo{qmddf ufosls;fg u'?ªsf] klxnf] uLlt;+u|x…h'g]nLÚ nfO{ jl/i7 kk ufoscf ]dljqmd lji6n] nf ]sfk {0fu/]sf lyP . dn]l;ofdf /]sl8{ªul/Psf ufos u'?ªsf ] pQm;+u|xnfO{ 6fOD; Do'lhs k|f=ln=n]ahf/df NofPsf] xf] . sfo{qmddf;+u|x h'g]nLdf ;dfj]z 6fO6n uLth'g]nLsf] Do'lhs lel8of];d]tk|bz{g ul/Psf] lyof] .

ufos s[i0fljqmd yfkfn]jiff } { +cl3 ufPsf ] rlr{t uLt…l;Gw'nLu9L===Ú sf] l/ldS; e;{gnfO{bz{s–>f]tfx¿n] dg k/fPsf 5g\ ./fx'n k|wfgsf] l/ldS; tyf vu]Gb|l;+xsf] :j/ /x]sf] of] uLt oltv]/ljleGg ;~rf/dfWodsf ]…sfpG68fpgÚ df kg{ ;kmn e};s]sf]5 . g]kfnL ;f+uLlts If]qdf alnof]kl/ro :yflkt ug]{ rfxgf /fv]sfufos l;+xn] of] l/ldS;af6 cfkm\gf];f+uLlts Sofl/o/df w]/} ;xof]uldNg ] ljZjf; lnPsf 5g\ .l;Gw'nLu9Lsf] l/ldS; e;{gsf]Do'lhs lel8of]sf] lgb]{zg k|0fjhf]zLn] u/]sf x'g\ .

ufos e/t l;6f }nfsf ]kl5Nnf] uLlt;+u|x …d clg ltdLÚdf ;dfj]z kkuLt …cf] l/of===Ú sf]Do'lhs lel8of] ;fj{hlgs ePsf]5 . clxn]sf] k':tfn] dgk/fpg]zAbdf tof/ ePsf] of] uLt clxn]

nf]slk|o x'g] qmddf 5, t/ uLt/fd|f] eP klg Do'lhs lel8of]To;cg'¿ksf] b]lv“b}g . …Do'lhslel8of]sf af/]df ldl>t k|ltlqmofkfPsf] 5'Ú ufos l;6f}nfn] eg]—…t/ ;du| bz{s–>f]tfn] eg] of]uLtnfO{ dg k/fO/x]sf 5g\ . x]b}{hfp“m s] x'G5 <Ú

ufos hljssf] klxnf ]uLlt;+u|x ca rf“8} ahf/df cfpg]ePsf] 5 . sn]S;g uLlt;+|u|xdf;dflji6 …cf“vfel/ cf“;' lsg =====Ú

uLtn] hljsnfO{ nf]slk|otfsf]lzv/df k'¥ofPsf] lyof], t/ nfdf];do lalt;Sbf klg pgsf ]uLlt;+u|x ahf/df cfpg ;s]sf]lyPg . ;+u|x tof/ 5, ufoshljsn] eg]– ca Pp6f uLtsf]Do'lhs lel8of] tof/ x'g]lalQs};+u|x ahf/df cfpg]5 . hljssfcg';f/ clxn] bf ]; | f ] uLtsf ]Do'lhs lel8of] 5fof+sg ug] {tof/L e }/x ]sf ] 5 . Do ' lhslel8of] lgb]{zs cfnf]s g]Djfªn]o; } ; ft f pQ m D o ' l hslel8of]sf] sfo{ ;Sg] s'/f klgufos hljsn] atfP .

ufos ;'dg >]i7n] klxnf]uLlt;+u|x …km/cj]Ú dfkm{t ;f+uLltsIf]qdf alnof] pkl:yltsf] ;Defjgfb]vfPsf 5g\ . ;+u|xdf ;dfj]z uLt…d'6' d]/f]===Ú n] >f]tfsf] dg lhTg;kmn ePsfn] klg pgL o;nfO{cfkm \gf ] ;f +uLlts Sofl/o/sf]klxnf] ;kmntf dfG5g\ . Do'lhslel8of] ;fj{hlgs e};s ]k l5;'dgsf ] kl/ro cem JofksePsf] 5 . …ufos x'g] qmddf w]/}b'Mv ug'{k¥of], klxnf] ;+u|x Nofpglgs} ufx|f] /x]5 .Ú /fhwfgLaflx/sfsG;6{df ;xefuL eP/ kmls{Pkl5ufos > ] i7n ] ;f Ktf lxs; “ueg ]– …casf ] ofqf ;xh xf ]nfeGg ] ljZjf; lnPsf] 5' .Ú

lxkxk ufos cljgfz l3l;ª cfk\mgf] gof“ Do'lhs lel8of]df .tl:a/ M km';{b 86sd

ckmla6

ckmla6

ckmla6

–g]kfnL nf]sw'g, zf:qLo tyf km\o'hg ;+uLtsf] t/¨ 5/]/dGqd'Uw kfg{ vlKk; dflgPsf] ;+uLt ;d"x …s'6'DaÚ n] ef]ln ;fpg !(ut] zlgaf/ nugv]nl:yt kf6g cf}Bf]lus If]ql:yt l;+x cf6{ Uofn/Ldf;f+uLlts sfo{qmd k|:t't ub}{5 . ;f“em rf/ ah] cf/De x'g] 8]9 3G6fnfdf] pQm ;f+uLlts sfo{qmddf ;d"xsf ;ft hgf ;b:on] ;f/+uL,t'ª\af, lwd], lvg, af“;'/L, d'r'{ª\uf nufot pgLx¿sf] ;+uLt ;+u|fxnodf/x]sf %@ y/Lsf afhfdWo] w]/}sf w'g ;'gfpg]5g\ .

–pd]G; lqmo;g ;]G6/n] 8fO/]S;g g]kfn;“u ldn]/ x/]s jif{cfof]hgf ug]{ …tLh pT;jÚ sf] 5}6f}+ ;:s/0f cfp“bf] ebf} & b]lv !$ut];Dd lqk'/]Zj/l:yt o'gfO6]8 jN8{ 6«]8 ;]G6/sf] k|bz{gL sIfdf;~rfng ub}{5 . pQm pT;j tyf k|bz{gLdf dlxnfju{sf nflu pkof]uLx:tsnf, ;f8L, s'tf{ ;njf/, pkxf/, u/uxgf;lxt tLhsf ;fdu|Lx¿cflbsf ^) j6f ljleGg :6n /xg]5g\ .

Page 15: SAPTAHIK 7nf kbf] df{ gof“ cg 'xf/sf ] cf ]O/f ]himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/.../pdf/Saptahik_13_12.pdf · ;~rf/sdL{ e "if0f bfxfnn lgb ]zg u/]{ sf rnlrq …sfua ]gLÚ af6 rf/ gof“

;fpg !*, @)^$ Aug. 3, 2007 !&

o'PO{nfO{ glhsaf6 lgofNbfcl3Nnf] c+saf6 hf/Llelh6 le;fdf cfpg]x¿sf]

;d:of M clxn] o'PO{df lelh6le;fdf cfpg] g]kfnLsf] ;d:ofljs/fn 5 . Psflt/ g]kfnLx¿ljb]z hfg kfOg] cfzfdf s]xLga'emL cl3 a9\5g\ eg] csf{lt/bnfnx¿n] cfÎgf] kmfObfsf nfluljleGg em"6f k|nf]eg b]vfP/pgLx¿nfO { 7U5g\ . To;}sf ]kl/0ffd:j¿k clxn] xhf/f}+ g]kfnLlelh6 le;fdf o'PO{ cfP/ cnkqk/]sf 5g\ . klxnf] s'/f t lelh6le;fdf cfP/ sfd ug'{ u}/sfg'gLx'G5 eGg] s'/f ;a}n] a'em\g' cfjZos5 . xf], Ps–b'O{ k|ltztn] lelh6le;fdf cfP/ klg sfd kfPsf 5g\t/ To;f] eGb}df ;a} sfdbf/ lelh6le;fdf cfpg' b'Mv lgDTofpg' dfqxf] . lelh6 le;fdf cfP/ b'MvkfPsfnfO{ p¢f/ ug'{ t 5“b}5 t/klg …pkrf/ ug'{eGbf /f]u nfUg}glbg'Ú o'lQm ;+ut x'G5 . of];d:ofsf ] lg/fs/0fsf nfluhgr]tgf km}nfpg' cfjZos 5,To;sf nflu ;/sf/L tj/af6cljnDa sbd rfNg'kg]{ x'G5 .

em"6f] cfZjf;g tyf ljj/0f Md'Votof Dofgkfj/ sDkgLx¿n]/f ]huf/bftf sDkgL;“u u/]sf];Demf}tf tyf sfdbf/nfO{ b]vfpg]s'/fdf leGgtf kfOG5 . ljleGgcfZjf;g b]vfP/ pgLx¿nfO{cfslif{t ul/G5, t/ cfkm"n] kfpg]sld;g xft k/]kl5 ;Dk"0f{ lhDd]jf/Laf6klG5g] sfd Dofgkfj/ sDkgL jfbnfnx¿n] ul//x]sf x'G5g\, h;n] ubf{o'PO{ cfOk'u]kl5 sfdbf/x¿n]k|ToIf b'Mv ef]U5g\ .

csf{tkm{ lj1fkgdf * 306fsfd / dfl;s tna tf]s]/ b]vfOG5,;fy} cf]e/6fOd;lxt hf]8]/ cfDbfgLolt k'U5 eg]/ em"6f ljj/0f b]vfO{sfdbf/nfO{ cfslif{t ul/G5, t/o'PO{df clwsf+z sDkgLn] eg] *306feGbf a9L ;do sfddfnufp“5g\ / yk ;dosf] k};f klglb“b}gg\ . csf{tkm{ ;lhn} le;f kfpgclwsf+z cbIf sfdbf/n] em"6f]JolQmut ljj/0f k]; u5{g\ . of]cj:yfdf dflnsn] h] eGof] ToxL/ h:tf] sfd nufof] To:t} sfdug{ afWo x'g'k5{ . t;y{ x/]sJolQmn ] Dofgkfj/ sDkgLn]/f ]huf/bftf sDkgL;“u u/]sf];Demf}tfsf] ;Ssnsf] k|ltlnlkx]g' { / em"6f] ljj/0f k]; gug'{ g}plrt x'G5 .

;dodf kfl/>lds gkfpg' Msltko sDkgLn ] cfÎgfsfdbf/nfO{ dlxgfel/ sfddfnufpg] t/ kfl/>ldsrflx“ glbO{;tfO/x ]sf ] cj:yf klg 5 .sfdbf/x¿nfO{ vr{sf nflu s]xLk};f lbg] / af“sL k};f kl5 lbg]eGb} af“sL /fVb} hfg] t/ k};f hDdfx“+'b} uPkl5 k"/f k};f glbg] h:tfunt sfo{af6 w]/} g]kfnL sfdbf/7luPsf 5g\ . ljljw sf/0fn] k};fsdfpg ] cfzfdf lab ] l;Psfg]kfnLx¿n] @–# jif{ s8f kl/>du/]/ sfd u/]sf] kfl/>lds klg/fd|f];“u kfO/x]sf 5}gg\ . Toltdfqxf]Og, sDkgLn] ;Demf}tf u/]sf];'ljwfaf6 klg pgLx¿n] jl~rtx'g'k/]sf] b]lvG5 . sDkgLn] ;Demf}tfPp6f u5{ t/ sfd eg] csf]{ u5{ .g]kfnaf6 le;f tyf d]l8sn vr{sDkgLn] lbg] eg]/ k7fOG5, t/o'PO{ cfO;s]kl5 sDkgLn] le;fsfnflu eg]/ tnaaf6 k};f s6fp“5 .

;fy} d]l8sn vr{ klg sfdbf/nfO{g} ltg{ nufp“5 . oL ;d:ofaf6d'Qm x'g klxnf] t sfdbf/ cfkm}+rgfvf ] x 'g 'k5{, csf] { g ]kfnLb"tfjf;n] klg ;do–;dodfsDkgL;“u ;Dks{ u/]/ 5fglagug'{k5{ . Tolt ubf{ klg sDkgLn]6]/]g eg] pQm sDkgLnfO{ sfnf];"rLdf /fv]/ g]kfnaf6 sfdbf/k7fpg aGb]h nufpg'k5{ . tadfqsDkgLsf] Jojxf/df kl/jt{g cfpg;S5 . ;fy} g]kfndf klg sfdbf/n];Demf}tfcg';f/sf] ;'ljwf gkfPDofgkfj/ sDkgLn] lhDdf lng'kg]{Joj:yf clgjfo{ nfu" ug'{k5{ .

d[tssf ;DaGwdf ;'neJoj:yf gePsf] M o'PO{df sfo{/tg]kfnLx¿sf] b'3{6gf jf cGo sf/0fn]d[To' x'“bf d[tssf] zj g]kfn k7fpg]sfo{df l9nfO e}/x]sf] cj:yf 5 .;fy} d[tssf] hLjg ladfsf] /sdp7fpg klg ;d:of b]lvPsf] 5 .sltko sDkgLaf6 t hLjgladfsf]/sd g} gkfOPsf] klg e]l6Psf]5 . j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf cfpg] hf]–sf]xLsf] klg hLjg ladf ul/Psf]x'G5 jf clgjfo{ ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf5 . dg]{ t dl/xfN5 t/ d[tssfkl/jf/n ] kfpg ] clwsf/af6pgLx¿nfO{ jl~rt ul/g' x'Gg .Pp6f g]kfnL ljb]zdf cP/ sfdubf{ub}{ p;sf] d[To' eof] eg] p;sf];Dk"0f{ lhDd]jf/L b"tfjf;n] lnP/zj g]kfn k7fpg] tyf cGocfjZos sfd sf/afxL ug'{k5{ .

rfl/lqs sdhf]/L a9\b} hfg' Mg]kfnLx¿sf] clxn];Ddsf] lrgf/Leg]sf] ;f]emf, ;Lwf, h]x]Gbf/,st{Jok/fo0f, nugzLn cflb g}xf] . o'PO{df g]kfnLx¿sf] dfu cemal9/x]sf] 5, t/ xfnsf lbgx¿dfg]kfnLx¿n] cfÎgf] klxrfg u'dfp“b}uPsf 5g\ . o'PO{ d'l:nd b]zePsfn] dfbs kbfy{ ;]jgdfk|ltaGw x'“bfx'“b} klg g]kfnLx¿dlb/fkfg u5{g\ . lxhf] ;f]emf /;Lwf eg]/ lrlgPsfx¿ cfh /S;LlkP/ emu8f ub}{ wdfwd h]n kg{yfn]sf 5g\ . Tolt dfq xf]Og, /S;LlkP/ emu8f ubf{ Ps hgf g]kfnLsf]Hofg;d]t uPsf] pbfx/0f 5 eg]]Pp6fn] /S;L lkP/ ;jf/L b'3{6gfu/fp“bf cGo lgbf] {if JolQmsf]

/f]lh/f]6L vf]l;Psf] pbfx/0f klg5 . clxn] b}lgs l8:sf] y]s tyfaf/x¿df uP/ dlb/f ;]jg ug]{g]kfnLsf] ;+Vof qmlds ¿kdf a9\bf]5 . o;af6 g]kfnLx¿sf] ;fvv:s“bf] cj:yfdf /x]sf] b]lvG5 .o:tf lqmofsnfknfO{ lg?T;flxtug] { tyf Go"lgs/0f ub} { nfg]lbzfdf o'PO{df ;lqmo g]kfnL;dfh tyf cGo ljleGg ;+3;+:yfsf] e"ldsf cxd /xG5 .

dfgj–clwsf/;DaGwL ;+3–;+u7gsf] cefj M d"ntM ljZjsfk|foM ;a} b]zdf dfgjclwsf/–;DaGwL sfd ug] { ;+u7gx¿lqmofzLn x'G5g\ / tL ;+u7gx¿n]ljljw ;d:ofnfO{ lnP/ cGt/f{li6«osfg'gsf cfwf/df ;DalGwt b]zsf;/sf/;“u ;+3if{ ul//x]sf x'G5g\, t/o'PO{ df To:tf ;+u7gx¿sf] cefj5 . o'PO{sf] s8f sfg'gsf] sf/0fn]klg o:tf] ePsf] xf] . o'PO{df klgTo:tf ;+u7gx¿sf] cfjZostf 5,lsgls o'PO{df w]/} sfdbf/ k|ToIfjf ck|ToIf ¿kdf /f]huf/bftfx¿af67luPsf 5g\ . o:tf ;+u7gx¿ ePs]xL ;d:of pgLx¿sf] dfWodaf6klg xn ug{ ;lsGYof] .

Go"gtd kfl/>lds sd Mg]kfnn] o'PO{;“u klxn] u/]sf] >d–;Demf}tfcg'¿ksf] Go"gtd kfl/>lds-!@%÷8n/_ clxn]sf] kl/l:yltdf w]/}g} sd dflgG5 . t;y{ pQm Joj:yfdfk'glj{rf/ ub}{ Go"gtd kfl/>lds a9fpg]Joj:yf nfu" ug{ b"tfjf;n] ;DalGwtlgsfo;“u k/fdz{ u/L cl3 a9\g'cfjZos 5 .

cJojl:yt jf;:yfg M k|foMsDkgLx¿sf SofDkdf uP/lg/LIf0f ug] { xf] eg] Toxf“sf]cj:yfn] o'PO{sf] sfg'gsf] g} lvNnLp8fO/x]sf] b]lvG5 . o'PO{df xfnsf]sfg 'gadf ] lhd Pp6} knªdftndfly u/]/ b'O{ hgf ;'tfpggkfpg] Joj:yf 5 t/ sDkgLx¿n]eg] Pp6} ;fdfGo sf]7fdf b;hgfeGbf a9LnfO{ /fVg] u/]sf 5g\ .cJojl:yt zf}rfno, efG5fsf]7fsf]Joj:yf /fd|f] gx'g', g'xfpg] / n'ufw'g] sfdsf nflu klg /fd|f] Joj:yfgx'g' cflbn] ubf{ g]kfnL sfdbf/x¿cToGt} sdhf]/ cj:yfdf lbgu'hfl//x]sf 5g\ . o:tf ;d:of

;dfwfgsf nflu b"tfjf;af6sfdbf/sf] lgjf;sf] ;do–;dodflg/LIf0f u/L ;DalGwt sDkgL;“uk/fdz{ u/L ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{kxn ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .

b"tfjf;af6 ck]lIft ;xof]ugkfpg' M o'PO{df g]kfnL b"tfjf;sf]:yfkgf ePsf] tLg jif{ klg k"/fePsf] 5}g . clxn]sf] ;do eg]sf]o'PO{;“u s"6g}lts ;DaGw k|uf9agfp“b} nfg] / w]/}eGbf w]/} pknlAwk|fKt ug{ k|of; ug]{ ;do xf] .ax';+Vos g]kfnLn] a'em]sf] s'/f s]xf] eg] g]kfnL b"tfjf; :yfkgfePkl5 o;n] g]kfnLx¿sf] lxtdfsfd ug'{k5{, t/ s'g} klg g]kfnLb'Mv / ;d:of gk/];Dd b"tfjf;sf]9f]sf 9s9Sofpg hf“b}g -/fxbfgLgjLs/0fafx]s_ . ha pm ;d:ofdfkm:5 clg dfq ;d:ofaf6 5'6\sf/fkfpg] cfzfdf b"tfjf;;Dd k'U5 .To;a]nf p;n] Pp6f dfq af6f]b ]v]sf ] x 'G5 b"tfjf; . t;y{b"tfjf;df cfOk'u]sf x/]s JolQmsf];d:of ;dfwfg ug'{ b"tfjf;sf]st{Jo x'g cfp“5 . b"tfjf; Pp6fs"6g}lts lgof]u ePsfn] sltko;d:ofdf b"tfjf; cfkm}+ ;+nUg x'gjf b"tfjf;n] ;dfwfg ug{ gldNg]x'g ;S5, t/ kLl8tnfO{ ;xL k/fdz{/ ;xL lbzflgb]{z ug{ eg] kl5kg'{x'“b}g . b"tfjf;sf x/]s sd{rf/L;+oldt / ;xgzLn x'g'k5{ .

To;afx ]s ; +o 'Qm c/aOld/]6\;df sfo{/t sl/a ;jf nfv

g]kfnLsf] aLrdf ;lqmo ¿kdfsfo {/t g ]kfnL ;dfh o 'PO {clxn];Dd btf{ x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .oxf “sf ] sfg'gL ;d:ofn] ubf {;+u7gsf ¿kdf dfq btf{ x'gg;Sg] cj:yf ePsfn] o;nfO{Pp6f sNof0fsf/L ;+:yfsf ¿kdfbtf { ug ] { k | lq mof ;DalGwtdGqfno;Dd k' lu;s]sf ] 5 .b"tfjf;n] o;nfO{ btf{ u/fpghlt;Sbf] l56f] kxn ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .

g]kfnLx¿sf] Pp6f sdhf]/L5, hxf“ uP klg ldn]/ a:g g;Sg],h;sf] kmn:j¿k g]kfnLx¿ o'PO{dfklg ljleGg ;d"xdf af“l8Psf 5g\ .;fy} ljleGg hftLo Pj+ juL{o ;+3–;+:yfx¿ klg 5g\ . o;/L k|jf;df/x“bf ljleGg ju{, hflt / ;d"xdfljeflht eP/ /xg ' pko'Qmb]lv+b}g . ljb]zsf] 7fp“df klxn]g]kfnL eg]/ lrlgg ;Sg'k5{ clgdfq xfdL xfd|f] hft, ju{ / ;d"xdf/xg ;S5f}+ . To;}n] k|jf;df /x“bfPsLs[t eP/ /xg'k5{ . o;sf nfluo'PO{leq b]lvPsf ljleGg hftLojf juL{o ;+:yfx¿sf] gfdfjnL;+sng ug]{ tyf g]kfnL ;dfhsf]dftxtdf /xg] u/L btf{ ug'{kg]{Joj:yf b"tfjf;n] ug'{kg]{{ b]lvG5 .To;f] eof] eg] g]kfnL ;dfh / b"tfjf;

Ps–csf{sf k"/s x'G5g\ clg x/]sg]kfnLsf] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ ;/nx'g ;S5 . b"tfjf;n] klg o'PO{dfsfo{/t g]kfnLx¿n] u/]sf g/fd|f sfo{sfcfwf/df cfjZostf k/] sf/afxL;d]tug'{kg]{ x'G5 . cGoyf g/fd|f k|j[lQx¿xfjL x'“b} hfg] / eljiodf ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnLsf]clxt x'g] ;Defjgf /xG5 .

g]kfndf k};f k7fp“bf Psa}+saf6 csf]{ a}+sdf /sdfGt/0fubf{ nfUg] z'Ns Psbd} a9L 5 .ljb]zdf a;]/ ;sL–g;sL sdfPsf]@–$ k};f o:tf ljleGg zLif{sdfvr{ x'“bf ;a}sf] dgdf lvGgtfpAhG5 . pQm b:t'/ ;dfKt gePklg sd ug]{ Joj:yf nfu" ug{g ]k fn ;/sf/sf ] ;DalGwtlgsfo;“u k/fdz{ u/L cfjZossbd rfNg b"tfjf; tyf g]kfnL;dfh ;lqmo x'g'k5{ . ljb]zdf /x]/nfdf] ;do sfd ug]{x¿sf nflub"tfjf;dfkm{t g} ;jf/L rfnscg'dlt kq gjLs/0f ug{ ;lsg]Joj:yf nfu" x'g'kg]{ xf], lsglsnfdf] ;do ljb]z a;]/ 3/ kms{+bfpQm cg'dltkqsf] Dofb klxn] g};lsPsf] x'G5 eg] nfdf] ;dokl5k'gM gjLs/0f ug{ ljljw ;d:ofcfOkg]{ x'“bf To:tf] Joj:yf x'g'cfjZos b]lvG5 .

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csf]{ dxŒjk"0f{ s'/f s] eg]tkfO{+n] pxf“nfO{ cfk\mgf] l:yltsfaf/]df :ki6 kf/] klg o;n] tkfO{+sf]dfgl;stfdf slQsf] zflGt NofpnfeGg] ljrf/ ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . oxf“ tkfO{+s'g} s]6Ln] o;/L cf/f]ko'Qm kqn]Vgfn] s]xL c;lhnf]df kg'{ePsf]5 . tkfO{+ To;nfO{ la;]{/, hjfkmg} gk7fO{ of] cWofonfO{ ;w}+sfnflu aGb klg ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 .oBlk tkfO{+ s] ug{ rfxg'x'G5, ToxLug'{ g} dxŒjk"0f{ s'/f xf] .

Page 18: SAPTAHIK 7nf kbf] df{ gof“ cg 'xf/sf ] cf ]O/f ]himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/.../pdf/Saptahik_13_12.pdf · ;~rf/sdL{ e "if0f bfxfnn lgb ]zg u/]{ sf rnlrq …sfua ]gLÚ af6 rf/ gof“

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lrlsT;fzf:q cWoog ;+:yfg,dxf/fhuGhcGtu{t b]zel/ /x]sf ljleGggl;{ª / lrlsT;f SofDk;x¿dfkm{t ljleGg/f]usf] cWoog, cg';Gwfg, cf}ifwLx¿sf]vf]h, /f]ux¿sf] pkrf/ ug]{, /f]ux¿sf]pkrf/ kQf nufpg], ;h{/L -lr/kmf/_ug]{ x]t'n] c:ktfn ;~rfng Pj+ljleGg ljifosf 8fS6/ tyf g;{x¿pTkfbg ul/G5 .s[lif tyf kz'lj1fg cWoog ;+:yfg,

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g} cfkm\gf] k|]dL k|efljt x'G5 eGg] 5}g .oxL ;f]rn] k|]ddf gsf/fTds k|efj kg]{;Defjgf x'G5 . 8]6df hf“bf klx/g / d]sckkm];g]an Pj+ :6fOln; t x'g'k5{ . To;n]cZnLntf eg] emNsfpg' x'“b}g . klx/g 6«]G8L,kf/Dkl/s jf cGo Sofh'Pn h:t} :s6{,6\o'lgs, l:nE;, km\n]o8{, lhG; jf kmd{nkfOG6 cflb g} /fd|f] dflgG5 .

/f]dflG6s jftfj/0folb cfkm\gf] 8]6nfO{ x/]s kIfaf6

:d/0fLo agfpg rfxg'x'G5 eg] cfkm"jl/kl/sf] jftfj/0fnfO{ ;s];Dd /f]dflG6sagfpg] k|oTg ug'{xf];\ . cfkm\gf] k|]dL jfk|]ldsfsf ;DaGwdf k|z+;f ug{ nfos s'/fdg vf]n]/ eGg'xf];\ . olb cfkm"df /fd|f] ;]G;ckm x\o'd/ 5 eg] To;sf] k|of]u u/]/ cfkm\gf;fyLl;tsf] ;fydf x“l;nf], /dfOnf] Pj+dgf]/~hgk"0f{ agfpg] k|of; ug'{xf];\ .Vofn7§f / xf“;f]n] g} /f]dfG;df cem a9LdL7f; 3f]Ng] sfd u5{ tyf ToxL dL7f;n]k|]d ;DaGwnfO{ cem ;'dw'/ / ;'l/nf] agfpgpmhf{ k|bfg u5{ .

Jojxf/df ;Gt'ng8]l6ª Ps–csf{l;t e]6\g] dfWod dfq

xf]Og, Ps–csf{nfO{ /fd|f];“u a'em\g] / ;Demg];fwg klg xf] . Jojxf/ Pj+ s'/fsfgL ug]{z}nLn] tkfO{+sf ;DaGwdf w]/} s'/f JoQm u5{ .clwsf+z o'jtLx¿ klxnf] e]6d} Xbo vf]n]/s'/fsfgL u5{g\ h;sf sf/0f k'?if ;fyLn]To;sf] cg'lrt kmfObf p7fpg] ;Defjgfa9L x'G5 . cfw'lgstf bzf{pg' g/fd|f] xf]Ogt/ cfw'lgstfsf] gfddf pR5[ª\vnf klg /fd|f]xf]Og . ctM cfkm\gf] Jojxf/nfO{ ;Gt'lntPj+ zfnLg /fVg' pko'Qm x'G5 .

d]g]l/Hd l;sf}+klxnf] k|]d / klxnf] e]6 ;b}j dg

dl:tisdf tfhf /xG5 . To;}n] cfkm\gf] 8]6dfd]g]l/Hdsf] u'0fnfO{ ;b'kof]u ug{ ;s] ;'gdf;'uGw x'G5 . 8]6df hf“bf ;a} vr{ k'?ifn] g}Joxf]g'{ k5{ jf Joxf]5{ eGg] ;f]r /fVg' 7Lsxf]Og . cfkm\gf] k;{ klg ef/L /fVg' plrtx'G5 . To;} klg cfh–ef]lnsf] d]g]l/Hdn]oxL atfp“5 ls vr{ :qL–k'?if b'j}n] jxgug ' { k5 { . k / G t ' k ' ? i f k I fs f ]cfTd;Ddfgdf 7]; gk'uf];\ eGg] s'/fdfklg Wofg k'¥ofpg' cfjZos 5 .

e"ldsf pkxf/sf]Ps–csf{sf] dgdf :yfg agfpg]

dfldnfdf pkxf/n] klg plQs} dxŒjk"0f{e"ldsf v]N5 . klxnf] 8]6df olb /ftf]u'nfkmsf] a's], k|]dsf k+lQmn] ;lhPsf sf8{jf k|]duLtn] el/Psf] l;8L, em'Dsf, lkmª\u/l/ª jf g]sr]g cflb k|fKt eP hf] s;}sf]v';Ln] kv]6f nufP/ /f]df~rsf] cfsfzdf

p8\g yfN5 . pkxf/ lngsf ;fy} lbg klghfGg'k5{ . o:tf] eP dfq 8]l6ª ;'vb,;kmn / :d/0fLo /xg ;S5 . k| ]dLnfO{n]b/ jfn]6, ls r]g, 6fO–lkg cflb pkxf/k|bfg u/]/ cfkm\gf] rfxgfnfO{ cleJoQm ug{;lsG5 . pkxf/n] k|]d cleJoQm u/]sf] x'g'k5{g ls pkxf/sf] df]n . ctM dx+uf pkxf/k|bfg ug'{ plrt x'“b}g .

Ps–csf{nfO{ a'em\g] k|of;8]6df hfg'sf] p2]Zo x'g'k5{ . s]xL

;do Ps–csf{sf] ;fdLKotfdf /dfpg',pd]/sf] lx;faaf6 Vofn7§f ug'{ cflb sfdeP klg 8]6nfO{ Ps–csf{nfO{ a'em\g] cj;/sf¿kdf klg ;b'kof]u ug'{k5{ . s'/fsfgLnfO{/f]dflG6s agfpg] dfq geP/ Ps–csf{nfO{dgkg]{ gkg]{ s'/fx¿ cf–cfkm\gf] Sofl/o/,kl/jf/ cflbsf af/]df klg s'/fsfgL ug'{/fd|f] x'G5 . o;af6 cfk;L ;DaGw slt/ s'g xb;Dd cl3 a9\g ;S5, ;Sb}geGg] s'/f yfxf x'g'sf ;fy} Ps–csf{sf]:jefj, cfr/0f, afgL–Jojxf/ Pj+ b[li6sf]0fyfxf kfpg ;lsG5 .

yk hfgsf/Lolb ;x/eGbf 6f9fsf] l/;f]6{ tyf

/]:6'/f“ jf /ftL SofG8n nfO6 l8g/sf nfluhf“b} x'g'x'G5 eg] cfkm\gf] k|]d;DaGwsf af/]dfyfxf kfPsf] cfkm\gf] glhssf] ldq jfcfkm\gf] pd]/sf] kl/jf/sf] sf]xL ;b:onfO{hfgsf/L lbP/ hfg' plrt x'G5 . 8]6dfhf“bf cfkm"nfO{ / cfkm"n] ;Dks{ ug{ ;lsg]dfWod h:t} df]afOn kmf]g ;fydf /fVg'cfjZos 5 tfls s'g} cK7\of/f] kl/l:yltcfOk/] cfkm\gf ldq jf kl/jf/nfO{ ;"lrtug{ ;lsof];\, of] ;'/Iffsf b[li6n] klgdxŒjk"0f{ 5 . sxf“ / slt ;dosf nflusf]l;t x'g'x'G5 eGg] hfgsf/L s;} gs;}nfO{ x'g' g} /fd|f] dflgG5 .

8]6df hfg] s'/fnfO{ lnP/ dg/f]dfl~rt x'G5 g}, ToxL+ st}–st} clns8/ x'g' klg :jfefljs xf] . dgsf] oxLpynk'ynsf aLr olb pNn]lvt s]xL s'/fdfWofg k'¥ofP 8]6 cem ;'dw'/, /f]df~rk"0f{Pj+ cj:d/0fLo aGg ;S5 .

–/f]lhg zfSo

k|]d b'O{ ljk/Lt lnËLaLrsf]cfsif{0f Pj+ h}ljs cfjZostf xf] .;do / ;dfhsf] kl/jt{g;“u} k|]d,ljjfx / k/Dk/fdf klg kl/jt{gx'“b} uPsf] 5 . lqe'jg ljZjljBfnodgf]lj1fg s]Gb|Lo ljefusL pk–k|fWofks 8fS6/ ;fljqL :yflktelG5g\– k|]d clxn] ;fdfGo aGgyfn]sf] 5 . AofOk|m]G8 / un{k|m]G8gx'g] o'jfo'jtLx¿ e]6\g d'l:sn5 . clxn] cg'xf/ / zf/Ll/s ¿kdfcfs{ifs s]6Lx¿ clg :df6{ x]G8;ds]6fx¿ k|foM k|]d;DaGw :yflktePsf kfOG5g \ . s ]x Lbzscl3;Dd dfq} klg k|]d;DaGw:yfkgf ug]{x¿nfO{ ;dfh Pj+cleefjsn] cToGt } g/fd | f ]b[li6sf]0fn] x]y]{ . ;dfhs} sf/0fn]k|]d u/] klg pgLx¿ cfkm\gf] k|]dnfO{ljjfxdf nu]/ 6'ª\Uofpg ;Sb}gy] .

k/Dk/fut ;dfhdf Psn]csf{nfO{ dg k/fP/ ljjfx ug{'nfO{uGwj{ ljjfx elgGYof] . sltkon]cGthf{tLo ljjfx klg uy]{, t/;dfh Hofb} ¿l9jfbL / k/Dk/futePsfn] k| ]dljjfxn] ;fdflhsdfGotf kfpg lgs} ufx|f] kYof]{ .Tolt a]nf n's]/, ;dfh;“u 8/fP/k|]d ul/GYof] t/ clxn] ;dfhsf]8/ x6] klg kl/jf/sf] dgf]j}1flgs8/ sfod} 5 . clxn]sf] ;dfh;do;“u} v'nf / ;xh x'“b} uPsf]5 . o;n] ubf{ k|]d Pj+ cGthf{tLoljjfxn] klg dfGotf kfpg yfn]sf]5 . ;x/lt/ t dfu ]/ } klgcGthf{tLo ljjfx x'g yfn]sf]5 . of] kl/jt{gnfO{ ;sf/fTdsdfGg ;lsG5 .

k|]ddf cem} klg sfod 5

dgf]j}1flgs 8/lqe 'jg ljZjljBfnodf

;dfhzf:qsL ljBfyL{ h]gL yfkfdxh{g s]xL bzscl3sf] cfkm\gf]cg'ej atfp“b} elG5g\– …;dfhv'nf ePsf] w]/} ePsf] 5}g . s]xLbzscl3;Dd dfq} klg ;dfhaGbsf] cj:yfdf lyof] . Tolta]nfk|]d ug{ ufx|f] lyof] . cleefjs /;dfhsf] 8/ x'GYof] .

s]6fs]6Ln] Ps–csf{nfO{ e]6\g;lhnf] lyPg . s]6fs]6L ;“u} lx+88'nug{'nfO{ ;xh ¿kdf lnO“b}gYof] .s]6fs]6L ;“u} lx+8]sf] jf s'/f u/]sf]b]lvP 6f]n–l5d]sdf dfq xf]Og, l;Ëf]ufp“d} rrf{ rNYof] . ljz]if u/Lo 'jtLsf ] rl/qdfly cf } +nf78\ofOGYof] . cleefjssf] OHht–k|lti7fdfly bfu nfUYof] eg]kl/jf/sf] ;d]t abgfd x'GYof] . Tolta]nf k|]d ug]{ 7fp“ / cj;/ kfpgklg ufx|f] x'GYof] .

;x/L ;dfhdf kl/jt{g /v'nfkg cfP klg u|fdL0f ;dfhdfk|]d ubf{ clxn] klg 6f]nl5d]sdfrrf{ rN5 . ufp“3/lt/ clxn] klgs]6fs]6L ;“u} lx+8]sf] b]lvof] eg] s'/fsfl6G5 . ufp“3/lt/sf] ;dfh /;x/L ;dfhdf clxn] klg 7"nf]leGgtf 5 .

;x/L ;dfh ablnPsf] dfq5}g– Toxf“ a;f]jf; ug]{ kl/jf/ /cleefjssf] k/Dk/fut wf/0ffdfklg pNn]vgLo kl/jt{g cfPsf] 5 .hfteft, vfgbfg / lrgf v'6\ofP/dfq cfkm\gf 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] ljjfxul/lbg] cleefjsx¿ klg ljjfxubf{ hfteftsf] dfGotfnfO{ uf}0fdfGg yfn]sf 5g\ eg] lzIffbLIff,

k];f Pj+ c;n :jefjnfO{ k|fyldstflbg yfn]sf 5g\ .

clxn] kl/l:yltn] ubf{ sdpd]/d} l56f] lzIff u|x0f ug]{, ks]6dgLs} nflu eP klg sfd ug]{,:s'n, sn]h, sfo{:yndf s]6fs]6L; “u } /xg ]–a:g ] / sfo { ug ] {jftfj/0fn] ;DaGw :yfkgf ug{;lhnf] ePsf] 5 .

oftfoft, df ]afOn /OG6/g]6sf] ;'ljwfn] ubf{ e]63f6 /8]l6ª:yn to ug{ klg ;lhnf]ePsf] 5 eg] xf]6n, /]:6'/f“ tyfkfs{x¿sf] ;xh pknAwtfn]e]63f6nfO{ ;lhnf] agfOlbPsf] 5 .olt dfq xf]Og, o'jfo'jtLx¿cfkm \gf ] hLjgz}nLnfO{ ;d]tabNg yfn]sf 5g\ . l8:sf ] ,sG;6{ / /fqL 8fG;kf6L{df ;d]t;“u} uP/ ;DaGwnfO { k |u f9agfpg yfn]sf 5g\ . clxn]sf]v 'nf ;dfhdf o 'jfo 'jtLx¿v'n]/} k|]d ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ .

cfhsf o'jfo'jtLx¿dWo]vf; u/]/ o'jtLx¿df 6]lnlehg,PkmPd, df]afOn, OG6/g]6h:tf;fwg klg 6]lnlehgdf cfpg]l;l/on tyf rnlrqsf] k|efj klgplQs} 5 . pgLx¿ cfk\mgf] k|]dnfO{6]lnl;l/on jf rnlrqsf] rnlrq

z}nLdf 9fNg dg k/fp“5g\ .Eofn]G6fOg 8], gof“ jif{h:tfpT;jn] blaPsf] efjgf / Ps–csf{k|lt k|]d cleJoQm ug]{ cj;/h'6fOlbPsf] 5 . cfhsf] o'jfk':tfk|]ddf hftkfteGbf Ps–csf{sf]?lr / cfjZostfnfO{ k|fyldstflbg yfn]sf 5g\ . To;}n] k|]d u/]klg sf]xL ;fyL jf of}g;fyLsf]bfo/fdf ;Lldt /xG5g\, ljjfxsf]uGtJo;Dd k'Ub}gg\ jf ljjfxsf]cfjZostf g} dx;'; ub}{gg\, t/k| ]d u/]kl5 s'g ¿kdf ;Lldt/xg] xf] Tof] eg] klxNo} k|:6eP/ a:g' b'j}sf nflu /fd|f] x'G5 .

dgf]lj1 8f= ;fljqL :yflktelG5g\— klxn] k|]d ug'{ ck/fwdflgGYof], t/ s;}n] s;}nfO{ k|]dug'{ ck/fw xf]Og . s;}n] s;}nfO{;f“rf] dfof lbP/ ljjfx ug'{ v/faxf]Og . of] t w]/} /fd|f] / ;sf/fTdskIf xf], t/ s;}n] s;}nfO{ k|]dsf]gf6s u/]/ hLjg aaf{b ug]{ /l;Ë} kl/jf/nfO{ tx;gx; kfg]{ jfa]OHht ug]{ sfd ug'{x'“b}g . k|]du/]kl5 ljjfx ug]{–gug]{ s'/fdfklxNo} :ki6 x'g'k5{ / Ps–csf{sfaf/]df /fd|f];“u a'lem;s]kl5 dfqljjfx ug'{ plrt x'G5 . s'v'/] a}+;dful/Psf] k|]dn] lauf/ u5{ eg]

kl/kSj eP/ ul/Psf] k|]d / Ps–csf{sf af/]df a'em]/ ul/Psf] ljjfx;kmn x'G5 . cfk;L ;dembf/L Pj+kl/kSjtf eP wg;DklQ jfef } lts ;'v;'ljwf geP klg

k | ]d ljjfxsf ] ofqf ;kmn /cfgGbbfos x'G5 . k|]d u/]/ ljjfxubf{ Psn] csf{nfO{ klxn]em}+ cfTdLok|]d, ;xof]u jf ;fy lbP k|]dljjfx;kmn gx'g] s'g} sf/0f 5}g .

;kmn8]l6ªsf nflu

;kmn8]l6ªsf nflu

Page 20: SAPTAHIK 7nf kbf] df{ gof“ cg 'xf/sf ] cf ]O/f ]himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/.../pdf/Saptahik_13_12.pdf · ;~rf/sdL{ e "if0f bfxfnn lgb ]zg u/]{ sf rnlrq …sfua ]gLÚ af6 rf/ gof“

;fpg !*, @)^$ Aug. 3, 2007 @@

tYofª\sdf !$ cf}+ Pl;og skljh]tf O/fspkljh]tf ;fpbL c/]laofcfof]hs yfONofg8, leotgfd, OG8f]g]l;of / dn]l;of;xefuL b]z !̂v]n;+Vof #@uf]n *$cf};t uf]n @ bzdnj ̂ @%cfTd3ftL uf]n @;jf{lws uf]n $ -o'lg; df]xdb O/fs, gcf]lx/f] tfsfxf/f

hfkfg, of;]/ cn SjftfgL ;fpbL c/]loaf_;jf{lws uf]n ug]{ l6d !@ uf]n -hfkfg / ;fpbL c/]laof_Go"g uf]n vfg] l6d @ uf]n -O/fs_;jf{lws uf]n vfg] l6d !@ uf]n -dn]l;of_Go"g uf]n ug]{ l6d ! -dn]l;of_/ftf] sf8{ $kx]+nf] sf8{ ! ;o $#v]nf8L :yfgfGt/0f !&$ k6s

o'4u|:t O/fsnfO{ pkflw;2fd x';]gsf] ;Qf 9n] nut}

u[xo'4df xf]ldPsf] O/fs klxnf]kN6PPkmk;L Pl;og sk km'6anRoflDkog ag]sf] 5 . cfOtaf/hfsftf{df ^) xhf/ OG8f]g]l;ogbz{ssf] ;dy{g kfPsf] O/fsn]

kmfOgndf tLgkN6sf] ljh]tf ;fpbLc/]laofnfO{ !–) n] k/flht u/]sf]lyof] . :6«fOs/ o'lg; df]xdbn] &!cf}+ ldg]6df u/]sf] v]nsf] Psdfquf]n g} O/fsnfO{ Pl;og skRoflDkog agfpg kof{Kt /x\of] .

Pl;og sk xj/ df]xdbsf] sg{/ lssdf annfO{o'lg;n] x]8åf/f ;lhn} hfnLr'dfPsf lyP .

k|ltof]lutfsf] k"j{;GWofdfv]nf8LnfO{ Ps} :yfgdf /fv]/k|lzIf0f lbg a|flhlnog k|lzIfshf]/fefg leP/fnfO{ xDd]xDd] k/]sf]l:yltdf O/fssf] pkflw ofqf k/Lsf]syfeGbf k[ys\ 5}g . O/fsLv]nf8Lx¿sf] km'6an snf klgsdhf ]/ lyPg . O/fssf ] of ]

lhtnfO{ w]/} km'6ank|]dLn] u|L; o'/f]sk–@))$ ljh ]tf ag ]h:t }cljZj;gLo dfg]sf 5g\ . kmfOgnv]n ;lsPnuQ} aGb's k8\sfpb} b;f}+xhf/ O/fsLn] ljho h'n'; dgfP .

;]dLkmfOgn / kmfOgn k'u]sf]v';LofnLdf lgl:sPsf] h'n';dfcfTd3ftL ad ljikmf]6 x'“bf %% hgfO/fsLn] Hofg u'dfPsf lyP .

O/fs / ;fpbL c/]laofaLrsf]

kmfOgn v]n k|ltof]lutfs} ;jf]{Ts[i6l8km]G; nfOg / km/jf8{ nfOgsf]k | lt:kwf { ag ]sf ] lyof ] .k|ltof]lutfdf O/fsn] & uf]n u/]/;a}eGbf Go"g @ uf]n dfq} vfPsf]lyof ] eg ] ;fpbL c/ ] laofn ]kmfOgncl3 g} !@ uf]n u/]sf]lyof] . uf]n/Ifs g'/ ;fa|L cAaf;sf]g]t[Tjdf /x]sf] O/fsL l8km]G;nfO{s'g} klg l6dn] tf]8\g ;s]g .cfkm\gf k|d'v tLg hgf :6f/v]nf8L lagf plqPsf] blIf0fsf]l/ofn] hfkfgnfO{ ;8g8]ydf ̂ –% n] k/flht ub}{ t];|f] :yfg sAhfu¥of] . k|ltof]lutfsf zLif{ tLg l6dO/fs, ;fpbL c/]laof tyf blIf0fsf]l/ofn] ;g\ @)!! Dff stf/dfx'g] !% cf}+ Pl;og skdf ;f]em}k|j]z kfpg]5g\ .

o'/f ]k]nL km'6andf Jo:tv]nf8Lx¿sf] afx'No /x]sf] c:6«]lnofk|ltof]lutfk"j{ pkflwsf] k|d'vbfa ]b f/ df lgPsf ] lyof ] .yfONofG8;“u !–! / cf]dg;“uuf]n/lxt a/fa/L tyf Pl;ofnLkm'6ansf] gof“ l6d c:6«]lnofnfO{#–! n] k~5fp“b} O/fsn] ;d"xljh]tfsf ¿kdf lnu r/0f kf/u/]sf] lyof] . p;n] Sjf6{/kmfOgndf;x–cfof]hs leotgfdnfO{ @–)tyf ;]dLkmfOgndf Pl;ofnLdxf/yL blI f0 f sf ] l /ofnfO {6fOa|]s/df $–# n] k/flht ub}{kmfOgnsf] ofqf to u/]sf] lyof] .;fpbL c/]laofn] lnu r/0fdf blIf0fsf]l/ofnfO{ !–! sf] a/fa/Ldf/f ]Sb } OG8f ]g ] l;ofnfO { @–! /ax/fOgnfO { $–) n] k/flhtu/]sf] lyof] . p;n] Sjf6{/kmfOgndfpHj ] ls:tfgnfO { @–! tyf;]dLkmfOgndf tLgkN6sf] ljh]tfhfkfgnfO{ #–@ n] x/fPsf] lyof] .

alnof dflgPsf c:6«]lnof /O/fg Sjf6{/kmfOgnaf6} 3/ kmls{Peg] cl3Nnf] k6ssf] pkljh]tf rLgn]klxnf] r/0f klg kf/ ug{ ;s]g .k|ltof]lutf h'nfO{ & b]lv @(tfl/v;Dd rf/ leGg b]z yfONofG8,leotgfd, OG8f ]g ] l;of tyfdn]l;ofdf ;~rfng ul/Psf] lyof] .

–/fh' l3l;ª

kf]v/fdf elnandxf]T;j

kf]v/f– kf]v/fdf ;~rfngePsf ] elnan dxf ] T;jdfk'?iftkm{sf] kmfOgn v]ndf g]kfnk|x/Lsf] lhNNff k|x/L sfof{noljhoL ePsf] 5 . lhNNff k|x/Lsfof{non] ;z:q k|x/L ansf]sflnsf u0fnfO{ #–! sf] cGt/n]k/flht u/]sf] xf] . To:t}dlxnftkm{sf] v]ndf 1fg'afaf pRrdf=lj=n] ljho xfl;n u¥of] .

elnansf] ;]ldkmfOgndfk|x/Ln] ;f+lu|nf len]hnfO{ tyf;z:qn] nf]6; 6«]lgª ;]G6/nfO{x/fP/ kmfOgndf k'u]sf lyP .:yfgLo af/fxL Snan] n]s;fO8sf]h/]a/df cfof]hgf u/]sf] pQmdxf]T;jdf #^ l6d ;xefuL lyP,h;df !^ l6d k'?if, !@ l6d dlxnf/ * l6d e]6«fG; lyP .

cl3Nnf] ;ftfsf] a'waf/b]lvn]s;fO8l:yt h/]a/df ePsf]v]nsf] cfOtaf/ ePsf] kmfOgnv]ndf ;z:q / k |x/Lsfv]nf8LaLr em8k ePkl5 v]n:ylut ul/Psf] lyof] . ;z:qsfv]nf8Ln] …6r cfp6Ú lbPg eGb}/]k|mL;“u ljjfb ;[hgf u/]kl5 v]ntgfju|:t ag]sf] lyof] . xftxfnfxfn ePkl5sf] em8kdf /fli6«o/]k|mL /fh]Gb| hL;L;lxt !) hgf3fOt] ePsf lyP .

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;fpg !*, @)^$ Aug. 3, 2007 @#

P;L;L o"–!( sksf nflu g]kfnL l6dsf] 5gf}6sf7df8f}+– cfufdL ebf} !

ut]b]lv !@ ut];Dd dn]l;ofsf]/fhwfgL SjfnfDk'/df cfof]hgf x'g]P;L;L PnfO6 lqms]6 k|ltof]lutfsfnflu g]kfnL l6dsf] 5gf}6 ;DkGgePsf] 5 . ut dlxgf /fhwfgLdf;DkGg !( jif{d'lgsf] /fli6«ok|ltof]lutfdfkm{t Sofgn] !$ hgflgoldt tyf $ hgf j}slNksv]nf8L 5gf}6 u/]sf] xf] . 5gf}6dfk/]sf] 6f]nLdf cn/fpG8/ kf/;v8\sf sKtfg 5g\ eg] pksKtfgdfz/b e]ifjfs/ . 5gf}6 ePsfv]nf8Lx¿df clwsf+z v]nf8L

sf7df8f}+sf 5g\ . :d/0fLo /xf];\,5gf}6 k|ltof]lutfdf sf7df8f}+n] b'O{k6ssf ] ljh ]tf e }/xjfnfO {kmfOgndf k/flht u/]sf] lyof] .

>Ln +sfnL k | lzIfs /f ]o8fo;sf] k|lzIf0fdf c;f/ !(ut]b ] lv aGb lzlj/df /x ]sfv ]nf8Lx¿af6 clGtd 5gf }6ul/Psf] xf] . of] 5gf}6df 1fg]Gb|dNn, cd[t e§/fO{, ceo /f0ff,dx]z If]qL, /fh >]i7, zzL s]z/L,cfsfz u'Ktf, clGtd yfkf, ;fu/v8\sf, rGb| ;fpb, /f]d >]i7 tyf/fx'n ljs k/]sf 5g\ eg] j}slNks

v]nf8Lsf ¿kdf bLk]g >]i7, ;Gtf]ifa/fn, zflxb l/hf Pj+ /tg/f}lgof/ 5flgPsf 5g\ .

g]kfnsf !( jif{d'lgsf lqms]6v ]nf8Lx¿n ] cGt/f { l i6 «ok|ltof]lutfdf t'ngfTds ¿kdf a9Lg} ;kmntf kfO/x]sf 5g\ . g]kfnLo 'jfx¿sf ] oxL ;kmntfnfO {lg/Gt/tf lbg lqms]6 ;+3n] v]nf8L5gf}6df ;Gt'ng NofPsf] 5 .g]kfnsf !( jif{d'lgsf lqms]6v ]nf8Lx¿n] ;g \ @))! dfsf7df8f}+df ;DkGg P;L;L 6«kmL,;g\ @))# df kfls:tfgsf] s/f“rL

tyf ;g\ @))% df sf7df8f}+df;DkGg k|ltof]lutfdf klxnf] :yfgxfl;n u/]/ of] k|ltof]lutfd}x\ofl6«s u/]sf lyP .

o; k6s cfof ]hgf x'g]k|ltof]lutfdf g]kfn ;d"x …PÚ dfk/]sf] 5 . of] ;d"xdf yfONofG8,cf]dfg, o'gfO6]8 c/a Old/]6\; tyfl;+ufk'/ 5g\ . of] ;d"xdf /x]/g ]kfnn] cfkm \gf ] klxnf ] v]nl;+ufk'/lj?4 ebf} # ut] v]Ng]5eg] ebf} % ut] o'gfO6]8 c/aO{ld/]6\;, ^ ut] yfONofG8 tyf *ut] cf]dglj?4 v]Ng]5 .

/f]df~rs

lk|m:6fOn /]l:nª

sf7df8f}+– cGt/f{li6«o lk|m:6fOn /]l:nª k|ltof]lutfdf lx6\Dofg, cG8/ 6]s/, afl6i6f, Pl8 u'P/f, hf]g l;gfh:tf gfdrn]sf v]nf8Lsf] lk|m:6fOn /]l:nª 6]lnlehgsf] kbf{df x]b}{ cfPsfg]kfnL bz{sn] cfkm\g} b]zsf lk|m:6fOn /]l:nª v]nf8Lx¿ b]jf bu|]6, DofS; la, olt, :sf]{lkof], 8«ofug x6 cflbsf le8Gt sd}x]g]{ df}sf kfPsf lyP . ;u/dfyf /]l:nª dgf]/~hg ;+3n] klxnf]k6s bz/y /+uzfnfdf cfof]hgf u/]sf] lk|m:6fOn /]l:nªk|ltof]lutfn] eg] /fhwfgLsf 6]lnlehg bz{snfO{ klg /f]dfl~rtu¥of] . g]kfndf !^ eGbf a9L lk|m:6fOn /]l:nª v]nf8Ln] ;xeflutfu/]sf] pQm k|ltof]lutfsf sltko If0fn] bz{snfO{ pQ]lht agfPsf]lyof] eg] sltko a]nf bz{sx¿ d'6' sdfpg afWo ePsf lyP .bz{sx¿df dgf]/~hg / pQ]hgf a9f];\ eg]/ v]nf8Lx¿ cfkm\gf]gfddf eGbf klg pkgfddf l/ªdf k|j]z u/]sf lyP . qm'h/a]N6sf nflu ePsf] le8Gtdf lsª lnhf8{n] :sf]lk{of]nfO{ ;lhn}k/flht u/]sf lyP eg] csf]{ le8Gtdf clhª\u/n] otLnfO{k/flht u/] . dgf]/~hg / ;g;gLn] el/Psf] pQm le8GtnfO{clwsf+z bz{sn] dgf]/~hg dfg] eg] sltn] gf6sLo t/ klgg]kfnL /]:n/x¿n] /fhwfgLjf;LnfO{ lk|m:6fOn /]l:nªsf af/]dfkof{Kt hfgsf/L u/fP . k|ltof]lutfdf ;fOgfO8 / clhª\u/sf]hf]8Ln] ld:6/ cf/=s]= / lsª lnhf8{sf] hf]8LnfO{ tyf afa' pO /:sf]lk{of]sf] hf]8Ln] otL / 8«Øfug x6{sf] hf]8LnfO{ k/flhtubf{ bz{s /f]dfl~rt ePsf lyP . k|ltof]lutfsf] d'Vocfsif{0f x]lej]6 pkflw b]jf b u|]6n] DofS; aLnfO{ k/flhtub}{ xft kf/] . s]xL dlxgfcl3 tftf]kfgLdf ;DkGg k|mL:6fOn /]l:nª k|ltof]lutfdf klg b]jf b u| ]6n] DofS;aLnfO{ g} k/flht u/]sf lyP . p4j yklnof / uh]g afGtjfsf]lg0ff{osTjdf ;~rfng ePsf] pQm k|ltof]lutfnfO{ sflGtk'/6]lnlehgn] lgs6 eljiod} k|;f/0f ug]{5 .

Page 22: SAPTAHIK 7nf kbf] df{ gof“ cg 'xf/sf ] cf ]O/f ]himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/.../pdf/Saptahik_13_12.pdf · ;~rf/sdL{ e "if0f bfxfnn lgb ]zg u/]{ sf rnlrq …sfua ]gLÚ af6 rf/ gof“

x]d/fh 1jfnLåf/f sflGtk'/ klAns];G; -k|f=_ ln= sf nflu k|sflzt tyf d'lb|t, sfof{no M sflGtk'/ sDKn]S;, ;'ljwfgu/, kf]=a=g++= ^)!(, sf7df8f}+, g]kfn, kmf]g g+= $$*)!)), km\ofS; M (&&–!–$$&)!&*,email:[email protected] btf{ g++= ((÷)%!÷%@, ;jf{lwsf/ M sflGtk'/ klAns];G; -k|f=_ln= ;“u ;'/lIFt k|aGw lgb]{zs M s}nfz l;/f]lxof, lgb]{zs M ljgf]b/fh 1jfnL, :jl:tsf l;/f]lxof, ;Dkfbs M ;'jf; 9sfn .

;fpg !* @)^$ Aug. 3, 2007;fpg !*, @)^$ Aug. 3, 2007 @$clGtd kftf]

k|;+u sltko

ljqmd /fO{

lnl6n lk|G; PG8 lk|G;]h

ut zlgaf/ /fhwfgLl:yt/l;og sNr/ ;]G6/df nSsL ;n'gPG8 Ao'6L kfn{/sf] d]sck tyfx]o/ :6fOlnªdf ;lhPsf !* hgfafnaflnsfaLr lnl6n lk|G;]hsfnflu / % hgf afnsaLr lnl6nlk|G; pkflwsf nflu k|lt:kwf{;DkGg eof] . Uofn]S;L df]8lnªPh]G;Lsf] k|:t'ltdf wL/h tG8'sf// bLks l3ld/]sf] cfof]hg tyflk|o +sf l;6f }nfsf ] ;+of ]hgdf;~rflnt pQm k | ltof ] lutfkl/rofTds, 6Øfn]G6 /fpG8, a]:68«];, 6k6]g / 6k kmfOe u/L kf“rr/0fdf k|:t't ul/Psf lyP .

;f ] lk mof dxh {gsf ]sf ] l /of ]u | fk m Ldf ;~rflntk|ltof]lutfsf] zLif{ pkflwdf dgLif

yfkf / ;nf]gL dxh{gn] sAhfhdfP . lnl6n lk|G; PG8 lk|G;]hsf¿kdf 5flgPsf dgLif / ;nf]gLb'j}n] 6\ofn]G6 Pjf8{df klg sAhfhdfPsf lyP . df:6/ rfld{ªPjf8{;lxt ;flhb >]i7 afnstkm{km:6 /g/ck eP eg] ck]Iff 8L=;L=km:6 /g/ck 5gf}6 eOg\ . ;]s]G8/g/ckdf ;';g >]i7 / cf]l/;fdxh{g ljh]tf 5flgP . cGopkflwtkm{ ;f]d]z dfgGw/ / ljzfvfs6'jfn a]:6 8«];, clgz aflgof“ /cg'zf clwsf/L kmf]6f]h]lgs, ;/fx >]i7/ clgz aflgof“ Sof6jfs ljwfdf ljhoLePsf lyP . aflnsftkm{ dfq 5gf}6ul/Psf] k/kmd]{G; ljwfdf k|z+;f >]i7,k|m]G8l;ktkm{ s[iff t'nfw/, a]:6l:sgdf :jfogf t'nfw/ tyfl8l;lKngdf gLnd dxh{g pTs[i67xl/Psf lyP .

o'lgs 8fG;kf6L{kf]v/f– of] ;ftf kf]v/fdf

Pp6f gof“ vfnsf] 8fG;kf6L{cfof]hgf eof] . bLkl:yt PKknSofkm]df u'ndf]xf]/ km];g ;]G6/åf/fcfof]lht n] u/]sf] 8fG;kf6L{df;j {;fwf/0feGbf klg df ]8nl8hfOg/x¿sf ] hd36 a9Lb]lvGYof] . sfo{qmdsf] gfd g} o'lgs8fG;kf6L{ /flvPsf] lyof] . o;y{dfklg of] 8fG;kf6L{ c¿ lbgsf]t'ngfdf k[ys\ b]lvGYof] .

8fG;kf6L{ c¿ lbgdf h:tf]pQ]hseGbf klg lzi6 kf/fsf]lyof] . gof“–gof“ km];g l8hfOgdfJo:t /xg] l8hfOgx¿ /fte/8fG:fkf6L{sf] /demddf d:t b]lvGy] .

km ];g l8hfOlgª sf ]; {ul//x]sL zflGt u'?ªn] klxnf] k6swLt d?Gh ]n 8fG; ul/g \ .kfl/jfl/s ememNsf] lbnfpg] 8fG;dfkl;gfn] lgy|'Ss x'g] a]nf;Dd pgLcfk\mgf ;xsdL{x¿;“u sDd/dsf{pg Jo:t b]lvlGyg\ . kf6L{dfpgLh:t} km];g l8hfOgx¿sf]afSnf] pkl:ylt lyof] . lbp“;f] @ah] cf/De x'g] elgP klg a]n'sfsf]rf/ ah] dfq 8fG;kf6L{sf] udf{udL{;'? eof] . l/ldS; uLt;“u}8fG;km\nf]/df df]8n, km];gl8hfOg/ tyf cf/h]x¿ dlRrg yfn] .gfRg]x¿sf] tfn x]/]/ rSsf 3'dfO/x]sfl8h] clgn Pd;Ln] g]kfnL lxGbL /cu|]hL l/ldS; uLtx¿ 5fGb} ahfpgyfn]kl5 8fG:fkm\nf]/df pQ]hgfa9\b} uof] . cl3Nnf] ;ftf ;DkGg8fG;kf6L{df emu8fsf sf/0f tgfjpTkGg eP klg o; k6s c/fhsultljlw eg] x'g kfPg .

–lzj zdf{

l9nf] ;'? ePsf] dg;'gn]htftt} qfxL–qfxL dRrfPsf]5 . o;n] g kxf8 eg]sf] 5 gt t/fO{ g} . of] dg;'gn]kxf8df klx/f] uP/ w]/}sf]]pl7af; u/fPsf] 5 eg] t/fO{dfaf9Ln] w]/}nfO{ d[To'sf] d'v;Ddk'¥ofPsf] 5, ;fy} af“r]sfx¿sf]hghLjg si6k|b ePsf] 5 .eGg]x¿ eG5g\— hLjgdf kL8f/ b'Mv ePg eg] Tof] hLjgsf];fy{stf g} s] x'G5 / <hLjgdf kL8f / b'Mv ef]Ug]x¿n]g} v';L / ;'vsf] :jfb lng;S5g\ . l5d]sL d'n'sn]l;dfgfdf af“w agfP/ xf] jf;f“lRrs} xfd|f] cfkm\g} s'sd{sfsf/0fn] OZj/ l/;fP/ xf,]htftt} 8'afg 5 cyf{t\ b'Mv g}b'Mv 5 . w]/} ufp“–7fp“x¿dfaf9Lsf sf/0f lkpg] kfgLsf]cefj eP/ vf]nfsf] wldnf]

kfgL lkpg'kg]{ afWotf 5 . x}hf/ dfxfdf/L km}lng] qmd a9]sf]5 . pAhfp ug]{ v]t af9Lsf]kfgLn] gi6 ePsf] 5, cf]tnfUg] 5fk|f] au]sf] 5 . kxf8dfklx/f]n] ufp“g} nfg ;Sg] cft+s5fPsf] 5, cGgsf] cefj t5“b}5 . x'g t kLl8t If]qx¿dfx]lnsK6/n] xjfO{ lg/LIf0fu/]s} 5 .

df};dsf sf/0fn]x]lnsK6/ NofG8 ug{ / p4f/ug{ sl7gfO 5 . /]l8of] tyf6]lnlehgdf cfpg] ;dfrf/klg To:t} 5 . /fxtsf] Kofs]6x]lnsK6/af6 v;fNg g;Sg]xfdLn] ljleGg lbj;x¿df6'“l8v]ndf cfsfzaf6 xfdkmfNg]hfb'O{ snf b]vfp“b} cfPsf 5f}+ .af9Ln] aufP/ NofPsf] ljiffn';k{n] 6f]s]/ d[To' x'g]x¿Psflt/ 5g\ eg] csf{lt/

sf7df8f}+sf] lrl8of3/df l6s6sf6L ;k{sf ljleGg hftx]g]{x¿sf] eL8 5 . x'g tclxn]sf ljwfosx¿n] s]xLlbgsf] tna b}jL k|sf]k /fxtsf]ifnfO{ lbPsf 5g\ . dGqL tyfsd{rf/Lx¿n] klg cfkm\gf]tnasf] s]xL efu lbPsf 5g\ /],t/ o; k|sf/sf] cfktlaktsfnflu ;xof]u ug]{ gful/s;dfh elgg] k|f0fLx¿ x/fPsf5g\ . /fhg}lts p2]Zo /dfgjclwsf/sf nflu dfqgful/s ;dfh x'“bf] /x]5 . x'gt o; k6s klg ;'s'df/x¿sfnflu xf]6nx¿n] aiff{tsf]df};ddf …dg;'g Dof8Ú sf]Kofs]h agfPsf 5g\ . hf]8LagfP/ hfg] o:tf] Kofs]hn];'s'df/x¿nfO{ xf]6nsf]sf]7fleq dg;'gsf] Gofgf] :jfb/fd|};“u lbPsf] 5 .

l9:sf]df a:g]x¿sf nfludg;'g x\jL:sL / d6g ;]s'jfvfg] u'8 6fOd t x'“b} xf] . o;/Lk|To]s jif{sf] dg;'gn] xfdLnfO{Ps–csf{af6 6f9f agfp“b} nu]sf]5 . x'g]–vfg]x¿nfO{ dg;'gsf]df};dn] klg /dfOnf] k|bfgu/]sf] 5 eg] csf{lt/>dhLjL dhb'/, ls;fg tyfcfd ul/a hgtfnfO{ ykb'Mv / kL8f lbPsf] 5 .;+j]bgxLgx¿n] ;xof]u un{fg\eGg] s'/} gu/f}+, t/ klgefUodfgL ;'s'df/x¿ xf]===sDtLdf ckm;f]rrflx“ u/ x} .

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