Karl Manz OptischeTechnologienimAutomobil–SS 2009 ... · 57 Forschungs Universität Karlsruhe...

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Optische Technologien im Automobil – SS 2009 – Kapitel 7 - SignalleuchtenKarl Manz

Optische Technologien im Automobil

vonDr. Karl Manz

Sommersemester 2009

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Adaptive Leuchtensysteme

Ermöglichen die automatische Anpassung an:

- die Umgebungsbedingungen (Tag/Nacht)

- die Witterungsverhältnisse

- äußerer Zustand der Leuchten (Verschmutzungsgrad)

- die momentane Verkehrssituation (Notbremsung)

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• Messungen Burckhardt

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Nach Burckhardt:

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Nach Burckhardt:

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• Messungen DC

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Effective Reaction Times with and without Distraction

0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5

usual lower brakelights +flashing upper brakelight

usual brakelights

Effective Reaction Time / swithout distractionwith distraction

reduction in reaction time: (source: DaimlerChrysler)

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Effective Reaction Times with and without Distraction

0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5

usual lower brakelights +flashing upper brakelight

usual brakelights + flashinghazard warning lights

usual brakelights

Effective Reaction Time / swithout distractionwith distraction

reduction in reaction time: (source: DaimlerChrysler)

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• Messungen BMW

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• Messungen IEC

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0.1s

Nebelschlussleuchte mit P21W

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Puls - Zeit - Diadramm

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1,6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Puls - Frequenz / Hz

Ze

itd

au

er

bis

En

de

de

szw

eit

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Lic

hti

mp

uls

es

/s

Reihe2

Anstiegs - Zeit der

Glühlampe

ca. 220 ms

t = 0 t = T

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Fahrer - Assistenz - Systeme

sollen den Fahrer bei der Fahrt unterstützen!

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Phantomlicht Effekte beiSignalleuchten moderner

Fahrzeuge

Untersuchungen basierend auf der Arbeit von

Norbert Hahn, Karsten Klinger, Karl Manz

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Studies have shown that

• approximately 65 % of all rear end accidents and

• approximately 50 % of all crossroad accidents

could be avoided if the driver has 0,5 seconds more reaction time.

Motivation

[Enke]

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The clear recognition of the signals is very important!

Which situations have an influence to the detection of signal lamps?

Motivation

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Phantomlicht Signal :

• Das Signal erscheint aktiviert obwohl nicht eingeschaltet;

• Signal ist generiert durch das Sonnenlicht

Colour wash out effect:

• Starke Entsättigung der Signalfarbe

• reduzierte Wahrnehmbarkeit

Phantomlicht Effekte

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1 = test projector, 2 = light source of the test sample, 3 = Lens of the test sample, 4 = photometer head, (γ = photometer head aperture, σ = source aperture)

Typical standardised measurement arrangement

for signal colour washout

A or D

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No direct correlation of these lamps to the time delay in recognition and colour shift could be determined!

Relatively big deviations results from the first colour wash out investigation:

Where should be the limits?

Colour Wash Out:

This way seems to be not successful!

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2 Materials and Methods

Experiment set-up

• Signalling lights (dir. indicator and stop)

• Luminance camera

• Sun simulation

Next step: Investigation on contrast:

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Principle Test set-up for measuring the reaction time:

Background

Roof of the light channel

Sun simulator Taillights

Test personMirror

10° 10°

25m

Shutter

Rear signalling lamp

Observer Illuminated background

(Day time conditions)

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Background

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RL-01 RL-02 RL-03 RL-04 RL-05 RL-06 RL-07 RL-08

rear lamps

reac

tion

time

(indi

cato

r) [s

]with sun simulation

without sun simulation

Some results: signal „direction indicator” (not complete)

Reaction times (Indicator) of eight rear end light with and without sun simulation

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Background

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2

RL-01 RL-02 RL-03 RL-04 RL-05 RL-06 RL-07 RL-08

rear lamps

reac

tion

time

(bra

ke) [

s]with sun simulation

without sun simulation

Some results: signal “stop” (not complete)

Reaction times (Brake light) of eight rear end light with and without sun simulation

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Background

Result:

Different sensitivities to external light.

Increased reaction times of some signalling lamps can be considered as crucial!

A relative high number of signalling lamps show no negative effect!

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Precondition

Evaluation only for signal area and close to the signal

Possible method (first approach)

Generation of a mask from the signal area

- Pixels with luminance higher than 11000 cd/m²= 1

- Pixels with lower luminance = 0

Materials and Methods

Measurement method:

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Materials and Methods

PhPh L

LF =

L ...........Mean luminance of the signal

LPh ........Mean luminance of phantom by irradiation with sun light and switched off signal

FPh .......Minimum value of the quotient from the luminance of the signal L to the

luminance of the phantom light LPh

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ResultsSignal turn indicator

Luminance pictures (signal indicator) (a) mask, (b) luminance of signal, (c) luminance of phantom

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ResultsSignal “direction indicator”

Luminance pictures (direction indicator) (a) mask, (b) luminance of signal, (c) luminance of phantom

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Results

Luminance pictures (stop lamp) , (a) mask, (b) luminance of signal, (c) luminance of phantom

Signal “Stop”

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ResultsSignal brake

Luminance pictures (stop lamp) (a) mask, (b) luminance of signal, (c) luminance of phantom

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Results

411,7FPh

57529444LPh [cd/m²]2356350095L [cd/m²]

“RL-01”“RL-05”Test sample

Table 2. Results signal (stop)

Table 1. Results signal (direction indicator)

451,1FPh

204532288LPh [cd/m²]9220736311L [cd/m²]

“RL-01”“RL-05”Test sample

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0

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0,6

0,8

1

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1,4

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Faktor / [1]

Rea

ctio

n Ti

me

/ [s]

There is a good correlation between

the luminance factor and

the reaction time (delay) of the observersPh

Ph LLF =

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Conclusion

Determined factors FPh in a wide range

Different sensitivities to external light

Factor FPh is a good base to evaluate the signal at daylight conditions

Possibility to improve traffic safety

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Outlook

Next Tasks:Analysis of

- Data from more signalling lamps

- Measurement method

- Luminance method

- with camera

- with classic luminance meter

- with other means …

- scaling of the surface illuminance

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Optische Technologien im Automobil – SS 2009 – Kapitel 7 - SignalleuchtenKarl ManzKarl Manz

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Optische Technologien im Automobil – SS 2009 – Kapitel 7 - SignalleuchtenKarl ManzKarl Manz

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Karl Manz OptischeTechnologienimAutomobil–SS 2009 ... · 57 Forschungs Universität Karlsruhe...

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Transcript of Karl Manz OptischeTechnologienimAutomobil–SS 2009 ... · 57 Forschungs Universität Karlsruhe...