AiDAwie qIjw

gurbwxI ivAwiKAw swihq ivc Xogdwn

ipCly AiDAwie ivc srdUl isµG kvISr dIAW rcnwvW dI sMKyp jwx

pCwx ivcoN aunHW dIAW Dwrimk Aqy gurbwxI ivAwiKAw sMbMDI rcnwvW ƒ

ivcwridAW ieh g`l BlI-BWq pRgt ho jWdI hY, ik gurmiq isDWqW dI

dwrSink ivAwiKAw hI aunHW dIAW ilKqW dw mu`K ivSw irhw hY[ h`Qly

AiDAwie ivc aunHW duAwrw kIqI is`K ivAwiKAw dy AwDwr qy gurbwxI

ivAwiKAw swihq ivc aunHW dy Xogdwn nUM inrUpx krn dw ingUxw Xqn hY[

kvISr jI dy ivAwiKAw swihq ivc Xogdwn nUM ivcwrn qoN pihlW, ieh

auicq hovygw ik QoVHw ivAwiKAw bwry jwx ilAw jwvy, ik ieh iks qrHW dw

ruJwn huµdw hY[

ivAwiKAw Drm gRµQW dy ivcwrW ƒ srl Aqy spSt krn leI kIqI

jWdI hY[ is`K Drm ivc ivAwiKAwkwrI dI prµprw gurbwxI nwl juVI hoeI

hY[ iksy vI Dwrimk gRµQ dy SbdW ivc luky, gu`Jy ArQW ƒ pRgt krn vwlI

rcnw ƒ AsIN ivAwiKAw AwKdy hW[ fw. qwrn isµG ivAwiKAw dI pirBwSw

ies pRkwr idMdy hn ik, ‘‘ivAwiKAwkwrI auh isrjnwqmk klw hY jo iksy

AnuBvI swihqk ikrq dy ivcwrW, BwvW, BwvnwvW ƒ spSt krn dw Xqn

krdI hY[”1 spSt hY ik ivAwiKAw, aunHW mhWpurKW dy AiDAwqmk AnuBv

102

ƒ jo Drm gRµQW ivc drj hY, srl BwSw ivc Awm lokW dI smJ gocry krn

dy mnorQ nwl kIqI jWdI hY[

kvISr dIAW is`KI ivAwiKAw sMbµDI ilKqW dy AwDwr qy aunHW dy is`KI

ivAwiKAw dy Kyqr ivc pwey Xogdwn bwry ilKx qoN pihlW kvISr dy

pUrvkwlI qy smkwlI kuJ ivAwiKAwkwrW dIAW ivAwiKAw sMbµDI ilKqW qy vI

pMCI Jwq mwr lYxI lwhyvµd hovygI[ aunHW duAwrw ivAwiKAwkwrI dy Kyqr ivc

pRvyS qoN pihlW is`KI ivAwiKAw dI siQqI kI sI? kvISr qoN pUrv ho cu`kI

ivAwiKAw dw kI rUp sI? aus smyN q`k is`K ivAwiKAwkwrI dy Kyqr ivc

kwPI v`fy p`Dr qy kµm ho cu`kw sI[ ies g`l ƒ iDAwn ivc r`Kdy hoey hI AsIN

aunHW duAwrw kIqI ivAwiKAw dy Xogdwn ƒ FukvW sQwn dyx ivc kwmXwb ho

skWgy[

is`KI isDWqW dI ivAwiKAw dw pihlw auprwlw gurU swihbwn ny Awp hI

kIqw[ gurU gRµQ swihb qoN bwhr hoey is`K ivdvwnW ivcoN ivAwiKAw dw kµm sB

qoN pihlW BweI gurdws jI ny AwpxI rcnw vwrW Aqy kib`q sv`eIAW dI

rcnw krky kIqw[ drSn isMG vI Awp dIAW vwrW ƒ is`KI ivAwiKAw dw

pihlw auprwlw pRvwn krdy hn, ‘‘sRI gurU gRµQ swihb qoN bwhr is`K Drm

ivc BweI gurdws jI dI rcnw hI gurU swihbwn dy sµdyS dI sB qoN pihlI

ivAwiKAw pRvwn kIqI geI hY[ BweI gurdws jI dI rcnw ƒ gurbwxI dw

tIkw jW ivAwiKAw pRvwn krn dI rvwieq aunHW dI rcnw ijMnI hI purwxI hY

103

Aqy vrqmwn smyN q`k auvyN hI pRvwn kIqI jWdI hY[”2 BweI gurdws qoN bwAd

is`KI dy dUjy ivAwiKAwkwr BweI mnI isµG jI ShId ƒ lY skdy hW[ ‘‘is`K

Drm dI ivAwiKAw dy Kyqr ivc BweI gurdws qoN bwAd BweI mnI isµG jI

ShId dw nwm hI sB qoN mhwn hY[ aunHW dy nwm nwl hI, pRcilq cwr pusqkW

ArQwq ‘guriblws pwqSwhI ö’, ‘is`KW dI Bgqmwlw’, ‘jnmswKI BweI mnI

isµG’ qy ‘guriblws pwqSwhI dsvIN’ ivcoN pihlIAW iqMn pusqkW spSt rUp

ivc BweI gurdws jI dI sUqirk ivAwiKAw dw ivsQwr rUp ivc (BwS)

vrxn hI hn[”3 ieh g`l vI srv-pRvwinq hY ik BweI mnI isµG jI sRI gurU

gRµQ swihb dy ArQW dy mhwn ivdvwn sn[ BweI swihb gurU swihb dy hukm

nwl gurU gRµQ swihb dI kQw krdy sn[

gurmiq dI ivAwiKAw dw kuJ kµm prmwrQk ivAwiKAwkwrW soFI

imhrbwn, soFI hir jI Aqy soFI cqurBuj ny vI kIqw, pr ienHW duAwrw kIqI

ivAwiKAw ƒ auh QW hwsl nhIN jo QW BweI gurdws qy BweI mnI isµG jI dI

ivAwiKAw ƒ hwsl hY[ fw. qwrn isMG imhrbwn bwry ies qrHW ilKdy hn,

‘‘bwbw imhrbwn jI iek sRySt AiDAwqmk kvI Aqy gurbwxI dy pRBwvSIl

ivAwiKAwkwr hoey hn[”4

prmwrQk ivAwiKAwkwrW qoN bwAd ivAwiKAw dw Aglyrw kµm audwsI

swDUAW ny kIqw[ ienHW ivcoN ivSyS qOr qy AnµdGn pRmuK hY[ aunHW ny

ivAwiKAwkwrI dw kµm 1825 eI. qoN pihlW smwpq kr id`qw sI[5 aunHW ny

104

kwSI ivc rih ky ienHW tIikAW dI rcnw kIqI[ AnµdGn ny inmn bwxIAW dy

tIky kIqy:

(1) jpu jI

(2) AwrqI (ggn mY Qwl)

(3) EAµkwr

(4) is`D gosit

(5) Anµd

(6) Awsw dI vwr6

gurmiq dy isDWqW dy ivAwiKAwkwrI sMbµDI kuJ kµm inrmly sµqW ny vI

kIqw[ ienHW ivco BweI sµqoK isµG, pµifq qwrw isµG nroqm, pµifq gulwb

isµG Awid pRmu`K hn[ BweI sµqoK isµG dw sB qoN v`D Xogdwn hY[ aunHW

duAwrw kIqI ivAwiKAw swfy pws do ieiqhwisk gRµQW ‘sRI gur nwnk pRkwS’

Aqy ‘sRI gur pRqwp sUrj gRµQ’ ivc drj hY[ vrqmwn smyN ivc vI ieh gRµQ

is`KW leI gur ieiqhws Aqy is`KI isDWqW dy mwrg drSk dw kµm krdy hn[

ies qoN ielwvw Awp duAwrw jpu bwxI dw tIkw ‘grb gµjnI’ kIqw igAw,

ieh tIkw 1886 sµmq7 ivc iliKAw igAw[

BweI sµqoK isµG qoN bwAd gurmiq dI ivAwiKAw ivc pµifq qwrw isµG

nroqm dw mu`K sQwn hY[ Awp ny hI sB qoN pihlW gurmiq dy isDWqW dw

inrxY krn dw sµklp kIqw Aqy ‘guurmq inrxX swgr’ sµmq 1934 ivc

iliKAw[ Awp ny gur ieiqhws dI Koj kIqI Aqy ‘gur vµS qru drpx’ gRµQ

105

sµmq 1935 Aqy ‘gur qIrQ sµgRh’ sµmq 1940 ivc rc8 ky is`K swihq ivc

in`gr Xogdwn pwieAw[

ienHW inrmly swDUAW qoN bwAd ivAwiKAw dw kµm iek jrmn imSnrI

trµp ny vI kIqw[ aus ny sµn 1869 eI. ivc sRI gurU gRµQ swihb dw AµgryzI

BwSw ivc Anuvwd dw kµm SurU kIqw Aqy 1877 eI. ivc kuJ Bwg ƒ hI ‘The

Adi Granth* nW hyTW pRkwiSq kIqw[ is`K ivdvwnW ny ies Anuvwd ƒ

svIkwr nhIN kIqw, ikauNik aunHW ny mihsUs kIqw ik ies ivc ArQW dw

AnrQ hoieAw hY[ is`KW ivc ies qrHW dw auprwlw igAwnI bdn isµG ny

1877 eI. ivc sRI gurU gRµQ swihb dw tIkw ilKx dw kµm SurU krky kIqw Aqy

1883 eI. ivc ies ƒ pUrw kIqw[ ies tIky ƒ ‘PrIdkotI tIky’ dy nW nwl

jwixAw jWdw hY[ ieh sµpUrn gurU gRµQ swihb dw pihlw tIkw sI, jo

ivAwiKAw dy Kyqr ivc bhuq v`fI auplbDI sI[

gurmiq ivAwiKAw dw ieh swrw kµm Awp qoN pihlW ho cu`kw sI[ ieh

kµm mu`K rUp ivc audwsI swDUAW, inrmilAW Aqy kuJ sµpRdweI igAwnIAW

duAwrw kIqw igAw sI, ijs ivc kuJ ivdySI ivdvwnW dy auprwly vI Swml

kIqy jw skdy hn[ ieQy ieh q`Q vrxnXog hY ik ienHW audwsI swDUAW ijvyN

AnµdGn duAwrw kIqI ivAwiKAw ivc ihMdU ivcwrDwrw dy q`q pRvyS kr gey

Aqy gurmiq isDWqW ƒ ihµdU isDWqW dI rµgx ivc imlw ky pyS kIqw igAw

sI[ ienHW swDUAW dw mu`K audyS gurbwxI ƒ vydW AnuswrI is`D krnw sI[

106

ienHW dI ivAwiKAw qy kwSI qoN pRwpq iv`idAw, BwrqI AiDAwqm swihq Aqy

vydWq dw pRBwv pRq`K idKweI idMdw hY[ ieh hoxw vI suBwivk sI ikauNik ienHW

ny kwSI ivKy rih ky iv`idAw pRwpq kIqI Aqy vydW, SwsqRW, purwxW qy gIqw dw

AiDAYn kIqw sI[ ieh ivAwiKAw krdy smyN guurbwxI dI pRoVqw leI vYidk qy

purwixk swihq dy hvwly vrqdy sn[ ienHW audwsI ivAwiKAwkwrW ny is`KI

isDWqW ƒ ihµdU mq qoN inKyVn dw iblkul Xqn nhIN kIqw[ audwsI

ivAwiKAwkwrW ny AwpxI ivdvqw idKwaux leI BwSw bhuq kiTn vrqI jo

Awm lokW dI smJ qoN pry sI[

ienHW audwsI swDUAW qoN bwAd BweI sµqoK isMG Aqy pµifq qwrw isµG

nroqm dI ivAwiKAw kvISr qoN pihlW hoeI imldI hY[ ienHW duAwrw kIqI

ivAwiKAw ivc audwsI swDUAW duAwrw kIqI ivAwiKAw nwloN kuJ Aµqr sn[

pr ienHW ny vI AwpxI ivdvqw dw pRdrSn krn leI BwSw kiTn hI vrqI[

ienHW dIAW rcnwvW ivc purwixk kQwvW dI Jlk imldI hY, pr ienHW ny

audwsI swDUAW duAwrw kIqI ivAwiKAw ivclIAW glqIAW ƒ AwpxI

ivAwiKAw ivc aujwgr kIqw[ ienHW dI ivAwiKAw qy vI vydWq Aqy purwixk

rµgx cVHI hoeI sI[ ivAwiKAw ivc imiQhwsk, AvqwrI qy cmqkwrI q`qW dy

Awaux nwl ivAwiKAw ivc keI aUxqweIAW vI rih geIAW[ BweI kwnH isµG

nwBw vI ies bwry ilKdy hn, ‘‘BweI swihb ƒ gurmiq ivc pUrI SrDw Aqy

pRym sI, pr pµifqW dI sµgiq Aqy ivcwrW dÍwrw ik jy Awp gurUAW dI kQw ƒ

107

purwx rIqI Anuswr AvqwrW jyhI ilKogy, qW aunHW dw bhuq pRcwr hoaU Aqy sB

Awp dI rcnw ƒ Awdr nwl pVngy, keI QWeI tplw Kw gey hn[”9 ies dw

ArQ ieh nhIN ik aunHW ƒ gurmiq dI sUJ nhIN sI[ pr Awp ny is`KI isDWqW

ƒ purwixk drSn qoN inKyV ky pyS nhIN kIqw[ igAwnI bdn isµG duAwrw

kIqI ivAwiKAw inrmilAW nwloN bhuq A`gy dI ivAwiKAw hY[ ies dI bolI

srl qy pµjwbI hY, pr ies ivc swD BwSw dI vI imlwvt hY[ ies dI SYlI

srl qy spSt hY[ igAwnI jI ny gurbwxI dI ivAwiKAw nhIN kIqI, aunHW dI

ivAwiKAw kyvl tIkwkwrI dy Kyqr q`k hI sIimq rhI[

gurmiq ivAwiKAw dw Aglyrw mh`qvpUrn kµm BweI vIr isµG qoN SurU

huµdw hY jo kvISr jI dy smkwlI sn[ BweI swihb ny pµj gRµQI dw tIkw krky

ivAwiKAwkwrI dy Kyqr ivc kdm r`iKAw[ pr ‘sµQXw sRI gurU gRµQ swihb’

ivAwiKAw dy Kyqr ivc isKr dI rcnw hY[ BweI swihb ies ƒ sorT rwg

q`k hI pUrw kr sky[ BweI swihb ny ieh tIkw 1939 eI. ivc SurU kIqw Aqy

1958 eI. ivc ies ƒ sorT rwg q`k kr ky clwxw kr gey[ ies qoN bwAd

Awp dy Coty Brw blbIr isµG ny 1958 eI. qoN 1962 eI. q`k ies ƒ sµpwidq

kIqw[ sµQXw dy rcy jwx qoN pihlW keI hor tIky rcy jw cu`ky sn, ‘‘sMQXw dy

rcy jwx qIk qW hor Anyk tIky vI ho cuky sn[ ijvyN BweI joD isµG jI dw

BgqW dI bwxI dw stIk (1912 eI.), pµifq nrYx isµG dw Bgq bwxI stIk

(1920 eI.), BweI kwnH isMG nwBw dw gurSbd rqnwkr mhwn koS (1930

108

eI.), soFI qyjw isMG dw sRI gurU bwxI pRkwS (sPy vwr koS) (1932 eI.),

igAwnI ibSn isMG dw tIkw gurU gRµQ swihb (1936 eI.), AkwlI inhwl isMG

sUrI dw tIkw gurU gRµQ swihb (AsµpUrn) (1936 eI.), pµifq nrYx isµG dw

tIkw gurU gRµQ swihb (1940 eI.), pRo. swihb isMG Aqy ipMRR. qyjw isµG keI

bwxIAW dy tIky kr cuky sn[”10 ipMR. qyjw isµG ny sRI gurU gRµQ ‘SbdwrQ’

cwr Bwg 1941 eI. ivc sµpUrn kIqy Aqy pRo. swihb isµG ny ‘sRI gurU gRµQ

swihb drpx, ds poQIAW (1957-1964 eI.) ivc Awpxw tIkw sµpUrn kIqw[

ies qoN ielwvw sRI gurU gRµQ swihb dw sµpUrn Anuvwd fw. gopwl isµG ny

1960 eI. ivc Aqy mnmohn isµG ny 1962 eI. ivc kIqw[

ies pRkwr auprokq ivAwiKAwkwrW dIAW ivAwiKAw sMbµDI rcnwvW dy

rcnwkwl ƒ vyKx qoN swƒ pqw l`gdw hY ik aunHW dI ivAwiKAw sMbµDI pRmu`K

rcnwvW kvISr dI pusqk ‘is`K Drm drSn’ qoN bhuq bwAd ivc ilKIAW

geIAW[ Awp dI ieh pusqk11 mUl rUp ivc AµgryzI BwSw ivc (1920-1925

eI.) dy ivckwr ilKI geI sI[12 pr kvISr ny Awp hI ies dw pµjwbI BwSw

ivc Anuvwd kIqw, ijs ƒ pµjwbI XUnIvristI, pitAwlw ny 1969 eI. ivc

CwipAw[ ies qoN ielwvw kvISr duAwrw ilKy 45 lyKW ƒ krnl hrijµdr

isµG mwn ny 2000 eI. ivc Of Sikhism nwmI pusqk ivc sµpwidq kIqw[

‘is`K Drm drSn’ ies pusqk ivcly lyKW dw hI Anuvwd hY[ ies pRkwr jy

rcnwkwl dI idRStI qoN vyiKAw jwey qW is`KI isDWqW dI dwrSink Aqy bOiDk

109

p`Dr qy jy ivAwiKAw dI pihlI pusqk imldI hY, auh ‘is`K Drm drSn’

hY[

is`K drSn ƒ dyx

kvISr swihb ny gurbwxI dI ivAwiKAw nvIn p`CmI ividAw dy cwnx

ivc ivSwl dwrSink idRStIkox qoN kIqI[ aunHW is`K Drm ƒ ivSv Drm dy

rUp ivc pyS kIqw, ‘‘gurU nwnk swihb leI ieh g`l kuJ ArQ nhIN r`KdI

ik koeI mnu`K iks Drm dw hY; auh kyvl ieh vyKxw cwhuµdy sn ik auh

dUijAW nwl ikvyN vrqwrw krdw hY[ aunHW ies g`l dw pRcwr kIqw ik srb

mnu`K mwqr dw iek Drm hovy[ auh ieh nhIN sn kihµdy ik Amkw Drm kro[

aunHW dw AwSw mnu`K mwqr ƒ iek lVI ivc iprooxw, pr ieauN nhIN ik iek

Drm Cufw ky dUijAW v`l pRyirAw jwvy, blik ies qrHW ik smUh DrmW, mq-

mqWqRW ivcoN jo vI cµgIAW qy s`cIAW g`lW hn, swrIAW auqy cilAw jwvy[”13

ieh smW auh sI jd hr Drm Awpxy Awp ƒ dUjy nwloN srbau~c d`sdw

sI[ pr auh Drm AwpxIAW Dwrimk sm`isAwvW ƒ h`l krnoN Asmr`Q sn[

lokW ivc Dwrimk sihnSIlqw iblkul nhIN sI[ Awp ny ies smyN gurU nwnk

dyv jI dI bwxI dy pRkwS rwhIN lokweI ƒ ieh syD id`qI ik jy sµswr ivc koeI

Drm smwijk BweIcwrk sWJ pYdw kr skdw hY qW auh is`K Drm hI hY[ is`K

Sbd dI ivAwiKAw vI Awp ny bhuq invykly FMg nwl kuJ ies pRkwr kIqI

hY,“lPz ‘is`K’ sMsikRq Sbd ‘iSS’ qoN inkilAw hY, ijs dy ArQ hn,

110

cylw jW isKx vwlw[ is`KW dI bolI ivc ies dy ArQ hn, auh purS ijs dI

mwnisk qy AiDAwqimk ibrqI cyly jW isKx vwly dI hovy, jo sdw KulH-idlw

hovy qy jo sdw is`iKAw qy au~nqI leI qqpr hovy[”14

Awp ny is`K Drm ƒ ihMdU Drm, buD Drm, ieslwm Aqy iesweI Drm

qoN v`Krw Aqy suqµqr d`isAw, ikauNik Awpdy smkwlI ihMdU ivdvwn is`K Drm

ƒ ihMdU Drm dw hI Aµg AwKdy sn[ ies leI Awp ny ivAwiKAw krdy smyN

ies g`l ƒ aujwgr kIqw ik is`K Drm dUjy DrmW nwloN v`Krw qy ivSwl hY[

aunHW ieh g`l vI spSt kIqI ik sB DrmW dy buinAwdI AsUl iek dUjy qoN

bhuqy v`Kry vI nhIN huµdy Aqy aunHW dw mUl ruJwn sB iksy ƒ prmwqmw dy rwh

dI scweI d`sxw huµdw hY[ swry Drm byVIAW smwn hn, byVI cwhy koeI vI hovy,

quhwƒ pwr zrUr lwvygI[

kvISr swihb ny gurbwxI dI ivAwiKAw sMbµDI AwpxI pusqk ƒ muFly

cwr isDWqW Anuswr cwr BwgW ivc vµifAw hY[ ijvyN Bwg-(1) Akwl purK,

Bwg-(2) isRStI rcnw, Bwg-(3) jIv Awqmw Aqy Bwg-(4) mukqI mwrg[

iPr A`goN aunHW ƒ aup-isrlyK dy ky iek`ly-iek`ly isDWq ƒ nON qoN bwrHW

AiDAwieAW ivc vµifAw hY[ hr aup-isrlyK dw iek AiDAwie hY[ ijvyN

Awp ny pusqk dy pihly Bwg ivc ‘Akwl purK’ ƒ mu`K isrlyK vjoN ilAw hY

Aqy iPr aus ƒ A`gy bwrHW aup-isrlyKW ivc vµifAw hY15

111

AkwlpurK

kvISr jI ny Akwl purK jo is`KI dw mu`Flw isDWq hY, dI ivAwiKAw

gurU nwnk dyv jI duAwrw aucwrn kIqy mUl mµqR dI ivAwiKAw dy rUp ivc

krdy hn ies pRkwr krdy hn:

<> siq nwmu krqw purKu inrBau inrvYru

Akwl mUriq AjUnI sYBµ gur pRswid]

‘‘inrµkwr kyvl iek hI hY, sdw sdw hY, auh AnwdI Sbd hY, isRStI

dw isrjnhwr qy isRStI ivc ivAwpk hY, aus ƒ nw iksy dw fr hY, nw vYr

hY, kwl rihq hY, smyN jW kwl dw aus qy koeI Asr nhIN, jnm mrn ivc

nhIN AwauNdw, Awpxy Awp qoN aus dw pRkwS hY, auh igAwn rUp cwnx dwqw

gurU dI ikRpw nwl pRwpq huµdw hY[”16

is`K mq Anuswr prmwqmw iek hY[ prmwqmw Sbd rUp Aqy AnwdI

hY[ auh Akwl purK swrI isRStI dw krqw hY[ swrw bRihmµf aus dw swijAw

hoieAw hY[ auh srgux qy inrgux vI hY[ auh isRStI ivc rimAw hoieAw Aqy

isRStI qoN bwhr vI hY[ gurU gRµQ swihb ivc pRmwqmw ƒ srb-ivAwpk Aqy

Aprµpwr ikhw igAw hY[ srb ivAwpk hox krky auh nyVy hY Aqy swfIAW

igAwn ieMdrIAW dI phuµc qoN dUr hox krky Aprµpwr hY[ ies leI aunHW ny

Akwl purK dy srUp ƒ ibAwn krn l`igAw aus dy srgux Aqy inrgux rUp

ƒ vI ivAwiKAw dw ivSw bxwieAw hY:

112

‘‘The Sikh Guru declared that God was not only Saibhang,

Absoult and Independent , Akal and Ajoon, Beyond Time And Space ; but

also Karta Purkh, the All Pervading creative Immanent Personal and

Impersonal. He was beyond the creation , but he lived in His Creation . He

was not the creation, but creation had certainly owed its existence to

Him” 17

Awp Anuswr srgux qy inrgux prmwqmw dy do pihlU hn[ isRStI ivc

ivAwpk hox krky auh srgux Aqy isRStI qoN prHy hox krky auh inrgux hY[

iesy qrHW kvISr swihb ny ‘is`K Drm drSn’ pusqk ivc prmwqmw dy

srgux-inrgux srUp dI ivAwiKAw bhuq srl SbdW ivc suµdr Fµg nwl ies

pRkwr kIqI hY, ‘‘inrwkwr rUp dw qy Anµq s`qw dw ivcwr krIey qW inrµkwr

swfIAW ieMdRIAW qy mn dI phuµc qoN dUr-duryfy hY qy jy aus dI isRStI dy

Awkwr qy ivsQwr dw iKAwl krIey qW ieh is`D hY ik AsIN ausdy ivc hI

smwey hoey hW[”18

Akwl purK dI Aprµpwrqw dw izkr kridAW Awp ny Akwl purK dy

nWh-vwck guxW dw izkr kIqw hY[ ikauNik prmwqmw dI Aprµpwrqw ƒ

ibAwn krn leI jW qW aus dI qulnw dUjI iksy vsqU nwl kIqI jWdI hY jW

iPr nWh-vwck SbdW rwhIN aus ƒ ibAwn kIqw jWdw hY, ‘‘eISvr bwbq

swfy ivcwr nw shI ho skdy hn, nw pUrn[ iesy krky keI vyr ieh ikhw

113

igAw hY prmwqmw bwbq swfy Awm pRcilq iKAwl nw kyvl Asiq hI hn

blik byQHyvy vI hn[”19

aunHW dw iKAwl hY ik mnu`K pRmwqmw dy ijnHW guxW dw iKAwl krdw hY

auh prmwqmw ƒ pUrx rUp ivc ibAwn nhIN kr skdy[ mnu`KI mn prmwqmw

dy guxW ƒ nhIN jwx skdw[ pr Awp ny prmwqmw dy ivDwnk guxW rwhIN aus

dy srUp ƒ ibAwn krn dw sPl Xqn kIqw hY, ‘‘sRI gurU gRµQ swihb ivc

Akwl purK dw sB qoN ivSyS gux ‘<> ’ kQn kIqw hY ik auh ieko iek hY,

krqw, pwlnhwr qy hrqw auho hI hY[”20

ieQy aunHW ies g`l ƒ idRV krvwieAw hY ik pRmwqmw kyvl iek hI hY[

pr aus ƒ v`K-v`K nwvW nwl Xwd kIqw jWdw hY[ auh swrI isRStI dw krqw,

pwlk qy hrqw hY[ jo prmwqmw ƒ BwauNdw hY auhI kwrj huµdw hY[

Awp dy smkwlI ivAwiKAwkwrW ivcoN iek do ƒ C`f ky iksy ny vI is`K

drSn dI ivAwiKAw sbµDI pUrb Aqy p`Cm dy ivAwiKAw pirpyK ƒ AwDwr

bxw ky pusqk nhIN rcI[ gurmiq dI dwrSink ivAwiKAw sbµDI ies vµngI

dI koeI hor dUjI pusqk hY qW auh Syr isµG dI ‘gurmiq drSn’ hY[ kvISr

ny sB qoN pihlW is`KI dy muFly isDWq ‘Akwl purK’ dy Aprµpwr qy ivAwpk

p`KW ƒ ivcwirAw hY[ Awp ny gurU swihb dy AwSy Anuswr d`isAw hY ik Akwl

purK nw kyvl sYBµ hY, AwpxI s`qw nwl pRkwSmwn hY, sgoN Akwl qy AjUnI vI

114

hY, kwl bµDnW qoN rihq hY, isRStI dw swjxhwr hY, prHy qoN prHy hY, nyVy qoN nyVy

hY[ isRStI dIAW h`dW qoN prHy hY, pr isRStI ivc ivAwpk vI hY:

sgl smgRI jw kY sUiq proeI]

Gt Gt Aµqir rivAw soeI]

Epiq prlau iKn mih krqw]

Awip Alypw inrgunu rhqw]21

prmwqmw dy iesy srUp ƒ ibAwn krn leI gurU swihbwn ny srgux qy

inrgux Sbd vrqy hn[ srb ivAwpk hox krky srgux hY, guxW vwlw hY Aqy

Aprµpwr hox krky auh inrgux hY[ isRStI ivc ivAwpk hox krky swkwr hY

Aqy isRStI qoN prHy hox krky inrwkwr hY[ gurU swihbwn ny iesy g`l ƒ sUKm

Aqy AsQUl SbdW rwhIN vI ibAwn kIqw hY:

Awpih sUKm Awpih AsQUlw]

lKI n jweI nwnk lIlw]22

prmwqmw kyvl Aprµpwr qy Agocr siq hI nhIN, auh isRStI dw

krqw, rKvwlw, ipRqpwlk vI hY[ aus dw srgux qy inrgux srUp do hsqIAW

dw sUck nhIN[ ieh iek prm s`qw dy do p`K hn[ ijnHW dw inrBr mnu`K dy

idRStIkox qy hY[ jd koeI mnu`K prmwqmw ƒ inrwkwr sUKm q`q dy rUp ivc

Xwd krdw hY qW auh Aprµpwr inrgux prmwqmw ƒ Xwd kr irhw huµdw hY[

pr jd mnu`K prmwqmw ƒ isRStI ivc ivdmwn Aqy swkwr rUp ivc Xwd

krdw hY qW auh prmwqmw dy srgux rUp ƒ Xwd krdw hY[ auh nw kyvl

115

ivAwpk Aqy nw hI kyvl Aprµpwr qy Agocr hY[ auh dohW p`KW qoN AqIq qy

suqµqr hY[ prmwqmw dw Aprµpwr qy ivAwpk dovyN p`K ausy hsqI dy lKwiek

hn[ is`K drSn Anuswr prm s`qw krqwrI SkqI hY, ivSv dI isrjk hY,

Aqy AwpxI rcnw ivc ivAwpk hY[

kvISr ny d`isAw hY ik Aprµpwr inrµkwr ƒ vrxn krn dw sB qoN

sOKw qrIkw ‘byAµq’ jW ‘Akwl’ pd vrqxw hY[ Asl g`l qW ieh hY ik

mnu`K dyS Aqy kwl dIAW h`dW ivc hY, ies leI Akwl purK ƒ kQn krn

leI swfy pws ieko hI qrIkw hY[ ArQwq ieh kihxw ik auh swfy mn dy

ivcwrW qoN prHy hY[ jy Akwl purK koeI vsqU, pdwrQ jW mwdI cIz huµdI qW

aus ƒ vrxn kIqw jw skdw sI[ ijs dw rUp nhIN, ryK nhIN, Al`K hY, aus

ƒ mnu`K ikvyN ibAwn kry?

rUpu n ryK n rµgu ikCu iqRhu gux qy pRB iBµn]

iqsih buJwey nwnkw ijsu hovY supRsµn]23

jd koeI mnu`K Akwl purK dw kQn ies pRkwr krdw hY ik ‘ieh

nhIN, ieh nhIN’ qW ausdy ArQ ieho hn ik Bwv pRgt krn leI swfy kol

Sbd nhIN[ shI g`l qW ieh hY ik Akwl purK dy gux kQn krny AsµBv

hn[ AsIN mnu`KI guxW duAwrw Akwl purK dy guxW ƒ kyvl inSwn mwqr

vrxn kr skdy hW[ ijnHW mnu`KW ny Akwl purK ƒ sihj AvsQw ivc

116

swiKAwq kIqw hY auh AvsQw ƒ aus idRS ƒ ibAwn nhIN kr skdy[ ijs

pRkwr gUµgw ivAkqI miTAweI dw suAwd ibAwn nhIN kr skdw[

isRStI rcnw

kvISr ny Akwl purK qoN bwAd isRStI rcnw dy isDWq dI ivAwiKAw

ƒ Awpxw ivSw bxwieAw hY[ ies Bwg nUM Awp ny A`T AiDAwieAW24 ivc vMf

ky isRStI rcnw sMbµDI ivAwiKAw krn smyN ies ƒ v`K-v`K p`KW qoN ivcwirAw

hY[ aunHW Anuswr sµswr pRmwqmw dI hoNd dw cmqkwr qy aus dy hukm dw zhUr

hY[ sµswr prmwqmw ivc hY Aqy prmwqmw sµswr ivc vI qy sµswr qoN bwhr

vI hY[ isRStI prmwqmw dw Awpxw ivsqwr hY, ‘‘gurU swihb ƒ idRV ivSvws

sI ik jgq prmwqmw ivc v`s irhw hY[ jgq dyS kwl ivc prmwqmw dw

Awpxw ivsqwr hY[ jgq, sµswr, kudrq, ies pdwrQk hoNd ƒ jo cwhy kih

lvo kyvl iek is`tw hY ijs dw kwrn pRmwqmw hY[ pRmwqmw mUl kwrn sdIvI

kwrn hY[ AµdrlI hrkq dI SkqI jo srb bRhmµf ivc qy hr iek cIz ivc

hY qy aunHW dy jIvn qy hoNd dw kwrn hY, prmwqmw vloN AwauNdI hY[ mwdy qy

jIv dw kwrn qy krqw prmwqmw Awp hY[”25

isRStI dI rcnw kdoN qy iks ny kIqI[ ies bwry koeI nhIN jwxdw[

isRStI rcnw dw smW qW auhI d`s skdw hY ijs ny isRStI dI rcnw kIqI

hovygI[ isRStI dw kwrn krqy ny lukw ky r`iKAw hY[ jgq rcnw prmwqmw dy

Anµd dw cmqkwr hY[ jgq rcnw eISvrI kwr pRbµD dw iek Aµg hY[ Awp

117

dw ivcwr hY ik sµswr prmwqmw dI lHIlw hY Aqy Aµq ivc ieh lHIlw aus

byAµq ivc smw jwvygI, ‘‘ieh sµswr pwxI dy bulbly vWg hY, ijs ivcoN

aupjdw hY ausy ivc smw jWdw hY qy Kyf mu`k jWdI hY[ pwxI dI lihr, pwxI

dI J`g qy bulbly pwxI qoN v`Kry nhIN, ieh jg prmwqmw dI lIlHw hY,

prmwqmw Awpy hI jg ivc ivcr irhw hY[”26

prmwqmw duAwrw isRStI dI rcnw krnw Aqy iPr isRStI dw prmwqmw

ivc lIn hox vwlI g`l dI puStI AwDuink KojW vI krdIAW hn[ gurbwxI dy

ies AwSy dI idRVqw aunHW Aijhy SbdW rwhIN kIqI hY, ‘‘BwvyN sµswr ivnwS dy

rwh ipAw jW auqpqI dw hwlW islislw jwrI irhw hY swfy leI ieko g`l hY[

AsIN qW ieQy ieh d`sxw sI ik swihbW ny jo auqpqI prlo dy c`krW dw kQn

kIqw hY so aucyrI iPijks dIAW nvIAW KojW aunHW dy iKAwlW dI puStI

krdIAW hn[”27

isRStI dy prmwqmw ivc lIn hox vwlI g`l dI pRoVHqw leI Awp ny

1931 eI. ivc ibRtyn ivKy hoeI Britain Association of Scientists dy swlwnw

jlsy dI irport dI audwhrx id`qI hY[ gurbwxI dI ivAwiKAw krdy smyN ij`Qy

Awp ny ivigAwnk q`QW ƒ vrqx dI loV mihsUs kIqI, auQy Awp ny

ivigAwnk q`QW ƒ dlIl vjoN gurbwxI dy AwSy ƒ idRV krn leI vriqAw hY[

aus ny jgq ƒ prmwqmw dI rcnw drswieAw hY[ is`K leI sµswr

prmwqmw dI hoNd dw cmqkwr hY; ausdy hukm dw zhUr hY[ Awp ny prmwqmw

118

ƒ sµswr ivc Aqy sµswr ƒ prmwqmw ivc d`isAw hY[ pr prmwqmw kyvl

sµswr ivc hI nhIN, auh sµswr qoN au~qy qy bwhr vI hY[ ieh sµswr kyvl aus

dy hukm dw cmqkwr hY[ ieh sµswr aus prmwqmw dy brwbr nhIN ho skdw[

jo ies sµswr ƒ hI prmwqmw mµndy hn, sµswr qoN prHy nhIN, gurU swihbwn ny

ies mq ƒ nkwirAw hY[ gurmiq dy AwSy Anuswr swry idRStmwn jgq dIAW

sB cIzW, sB pRwxI prmwqmw ivcoN pYdw hoey hn, Aµq ƒ ausy ivc smw

jwxgy[ ieh sµswr pwxI dy bulbuly dy smwn hY, ijs ivcoN aupjdw hY, ausy

ivc hI smw jWdw hY qy Kyf mu`k jWdI hY:

ijau jl aUpir Pynu budbudw qYsw iehu sµswrw]

ijs qy hoAw iqsih smwxw cUik gieAw pwswrw]28

iesy pRkwr kvISr ny Akwl ausqiq dy hvwly nwl drswieAw hY ik

ijvyN A`g ivcoN Anyk cµigAwVy inkl ky Pyr A`g ivc hI lIn ho jWdy hn,

is`K isDWq Anuswr kwdr AwpxI kudrq ivc ivAwpk hY, pr nwly ies qoN

Aprµpwr vI hY[ Aprµpwr qy ivAwpk prspr ivroDI ivcwr jwpdy hn, pr

prm s`qw dI ivAwiKAw dy sµdrB ivc ienHW ivcwly koeI ivroD nhIN rihµdw[

mnu`KI igAwn dIAW ksv`tIAW dYvI hsqI dy icµqn auqy ien-ibn lwgU nhIN

huµdIAW[ gurU swihbwn ny ies krky sµswr ƒ prmwqmw dI Kyf jW lIlHw ikhw

hY[ prmwqmw sdIv kwl ƒ, Awid Aµq ƒ, BUq Biv`K ƒ, iek Amu`k vrqmwn

inrµqrqw eykqw dy rUp ivc vyK irhw hY[ ies ivc BWq-BWq dIAW vµn-

119

suvµnIAW Adlw-bdlIAW iek nwtk dy hyr-Pyr hn, qy aus nwtk dw ieko

ivSw hY ijs dy duAwly nwtk dw Kyl Guµmdw hY:

quDu Awpy jgqu aupwie kY Awip Kylu rcwieAw]

qRY gux Awip isrijAw mwieAw mohu vDwieAw]29

kvISr ny gurU AwSy Anuswr sµswr rcnw ƒ bwjIgr dI Kyf dy idRStWq

nwl smJwaux dw Xqn kIqw hY, ‘‘prmwqmw bwjIgr vWg qmwSw krdw hY qy

Anyk rUp-ByK Dwrdw hY, jd Bys auqwr idµdw hY qW klmk`lw huµdw hY, ByK

ikQoN AwieAw qy ikQy igAw? ijvyN pwxI ivcoN lihrW auTdIAW hn, sony dy

vµn-suvµny gihxy bxdy hn, ijvyN Anyk bIj bIjIdy hn qy Pl ieko ijhy huµdy

hn, ijvyN hzwrW GiVAW ivc ieko AwkwS huµdw hY, GVy tu`tdy hn qW kyvl

prmwqmw dw pRgws rihµdw hY, jd Brm, lok, moh, mwieAw, ivkwr ht jwx

qW kyvl prmwqmw nzrIN AwauNdw hY[ auh sdw sdw hY, nw AwauNdw hY nw jWdw

hY[”30

bwjIgir jYsy bwjI pweI] nwnw rUp ByK idKlweI]

sWgu auqwir Qµim@E pwswrw] qb eyko eykµkwrw]ñ]

kvn rUp idRsitE ibnswieE]

kqih gieE auhu kq qy AwieE]rhwau]ñ]31

Bgq kbIr jI vI sµswr dI qulnw bwjIgr dy qmwSy nwl krdy hn

Aqy kihµdy hn ik swrw sµswr prmwqmw dy qmwSy dw Aµg hY Aqy Aµq ivc

aus ’c smw jwvygw Aqy auh prmwqmw Awpxy rµg ivc iek`lw hI rhygw:

120

bwjIgr fµk bjweI] sB Klk qmwsy AweI]

bwjIgr sÍWgu skylw] Apny rµg rvY Akylw]32

prmwqmw Awpxy Bwxy ivc isRStI rcdw hY qy Awpxy Bwxy ivc lIn

krdw hY[ prmwqmw swrI isRStI ivc ivAwpk hY, sB nYxW ivc auh Awp vyK

irhw hY[ swrI rcnw aus dw hI qwxw-bwxw hY[ auqpqI Aqy prlo, jnm mrn

dw Kyl prmwqmw dw hI ricAw hoieAw hY[ idRStmwn jgq aus dI AwigAw

Anuswr hI cl irhw hY[ iesy pRkwr kvISr ny d`isAw hY ik jgq clxhwr

hY[ ieh mnu`K dw sdIvI itkwxw nhIN[ mnu`K Akwl purK koloN AwieAw hY qy

muV Akwl purK kol jwxw hY[ auh ies sµswr ivc QoVHy icr leI AwieAw hY[

ies smyN Aµdr aus ƒ prmwqmw ƒ ivswrnw nhIN cwhIdw, blik prmwqmw

ivc v`sxw cwhIdw hY[ aus dI isRStI nwl pRym krnw cwhIdw hY[

srdUl isµG ny ies g`l ƒ aujwgr krn dw Xqn kIqw hY ik is`K

drSn AmlI jIvn hY, ieh klpnw qy AwDwirq nhIN Aqy nw hI inrw ivcwr

hY[ ies ivc gurU swihbwn ny d`isAw hY ik mnu`K ny au~qm jIvn bqIq

kridAW prmwqmw nwl AByd ikvyN hoxw hY, ‘‘is`K Pls&w mUloN AmlI vrqoN

ivc Awaux vwlw Pls&w hY, klpnw duVwn vwlw Pls&w nhIN, gurU swihbwn

AwcwrX sn, inrI purI SwsiqRk AQvw AiDAwqimk iPlws&I isKwxw aunHW

dw pRXojn nhIN sI, aunHW qW ieh isKwieAw ik AsIN ikvyN au~qm jIvn bqIq

krIey, aunHW jIvn Pls&w isKwieAw[ auh s`qw, sicAwr prmwqmw bwry

121

bihsW ivc nhIN pey, aunHW dw AwSw ieh sI ik ikvyN lokIN idnoN idn Awpxy

jIvn ivc s`c qy sicAwr dI pRwpqI krn[”33

Awp ny ieh g`l vI ibAwn kIqI ik gurU swihbwn ny ies sµswr ƒ

pRvwn kIqw hY Aqy ies ƒ hor cµgw bxwaux dw qrIkw d`isAw hY qy kyvl ies

g`l qy AwDwr r`iKAw ik Akwl purK ny sµswr ricAw hY qy sµswr dI ijµd-

jwn dw vwsw prmwqmw dy Aµdr hY[ aunHW d`isAw ik ieh sB kuJ Byd hY,

prmwqmw dw nwtk hY[ aus dI Kyf hY[ aunHW dy iKAwl Anuswr ies eISvrI

Byd dw smJxw mnu`KI mn dI qwkq qoN bwhr hY[ prµqU iesdy nwl kvISr ny

is`K Drm dI sB qoN v`fI isPq ieh d`sI ik ies ny sB qoN v`fy svwl ƒ h`l

kIqw hY ik prmwqmw ƒ ikvyN pRwpq krnw hY, ‘‘is`KI Drm dI is&q ieho hY

ik ies ny sB qoN v`fy svwl ƒ h`l kIqw ik swƒ ikvyN prmwqmw dI pRwpqI

hovy? ikvyN mnu`K Awqimk qy pdwriQk sµswr ivc s`c dI pRwpqI kry? Aqy

aunHW ies g`l dw jvwb p`kw qy ivsQwr pUrbk id`qw hY[”34

jIv-Awqmw

jIv-Awqmw sMbµDI Awp ny ivcwr kridAW ies ƒ nON AiDAwieAW35

ivc vMf ky ies dI ivAwiKAw bhuq hI suMdr FMg nwl kIqI hY[ Awp ny

jIv-Awqmw nUM prmwqmw dw Aks mµinAw hY[ jIv-Awqmw prmwqmw ivcoN hI

AwauNdI hY Aqy Aµq ƒ ausy ivc hI lIn ho jWdI hY[ prmwqmw dI joq mnu`K

ivc hY[ mnu`K prmwqmw ivc vsdw hY, ‘‘pwqr ijhVy id`sy qy lop ho gey,

122

kOx sn? auh ik`QoN Awey sI qy ik`Qy gey? auh pwxI dIAW lihrW vWg pwxI

ivcoN auqpµn, sony dy Aink jyvrW vWg sn, jo iek Dwq dy bxy sn[ iek

iksm dy Anyk bIj BWq-BWq ibRCW dI Skl ivc augdy hn, Pl p`kx qy bIj

AwpxI pihlI Skl ivc Aw jWdw hY[”36

ies ivc koeI Sµkw nhIN ik mnu`K pRmwqmw dw Aµg hY, pr mnu`K dw

pRmwqmw qoN ivCoVw Aqy hµkwr dI kµD aus ƒ ieh AnuBUqI nhIN hox idµdI ik

auh pRmwqmw dI AµS hY[ jd Awqm dw ivkws huµdw hY qW mnu`K ies gu`Jy Byd

ƒ smJ lYNdw hY[ Awp ny ies g`l dI pRoVHqw leI iesweI Bgq tYnlr dy

ivcwr ƒ vriqAw hY, ‘‘Awqmw AwpxI Aiq fUµGwx ivc pRmwqmw smwn hY qy

pRmwqmw dy eyfw nyVy ik AkQ hY[ Awqmw dI ies fUµGweI ivc, ies AµqRIv

fUµGwx ivc, ies piv`qr gihrweI ivc pRmwqmw s`c-mu`c, inrsµdyh Awpxy

mUl q`q ivc vsdw hY[ AsW swirAW ivc auho r`bI nUr hY ijs ny sµswr pYdw

kIqw[”37

aunHW Anuswr mnu`KI Awqmw dy ivkws dI iehI AvsQw aus mukqI v`l

lY jWdI hY ijQy jw ky mnu`KI mn ivcoN myr-qyr dw Byd-Bwv imt jWdw hY Aqy

auh mnu`K vwprn vwlI hr Gtnw ƒ aus pRmwqmw dw hukm smJdw hY Aqy auh

mnu`K pRmwqmw dI rzw ivc rihµidAW hoieAW pRmwqmw nwl iekimk ho jWdw

hY[ pr AYsI AvsQw mnu`K ƒ pRmwqmw dI imhr nwl hI pRwpq huµdI hY,

‘‘is`KI AwSy Anuswr hr jIv-Awqmw dw prm Drm qy prm pRXojn prm

123

pRmwqmw nwl AByd hoxw hY[ ieh g`l mnu`K leI qW hI sµBv ho skdI hY jy

auh idloN haumYN myt dyvy qy AwpxI mq ƒ Akwl purK dI rzw ivc lIn kr

dyvy[ iesy leI swihbW ny is`K leI syvw dw jIvn aukirAw-iciqRAw hY, ....,

haumYN ƒ AsIN Akwl purK ivc lIn krnw hY qy inhch, sdIvI mukqI pRwpq

krnI hY[”38

is`K mq Anuswr pRmwqmw dy hukm ƒ smJxw hI aus prmwqmw ƒ

smJxw qy aus dy hukm ƒ mµnxw hI aus ivc lIn hoxw hY[ iehI aus dI

Awqimk aucweI hY, ijs aucweI qy jw ky aus dy swry Brm Aqy sµSy ^qm ho

jWdy hn[

mukqI mwrg

kvISr ny gurU swihbwn duAwrw d`isAw pRBU pRwpqI dw mwrg AwpxI

pusqk dy cOQy Bwg ‘mukqI mwrg’ ivc ibAwn kIqw hY[ies dI ivAwiKAw

Awp ny igAwrHW AiDAwieAW39 ivc kIqI hY[ Awp ny is`KI AwSy Anuswr hr

jIv dw pRmu`K audyS prmwqmw nwl AByd hoxw d`isAw hY, “jd koeI pRwxI

Awpxw Awpw myt dyvy qy Akwl purK dI zwq qy aus dy Bwxy AMdr lIn ho jwvy

qW aus leI prmwqmw nwl iek-imk mihsUs krnw AcMBw nhIN, sMswr dI

buinAwdI pRikriqk eykqw hux qW mMnI-pRmMnI g`l hY”40 ieh g`l mnu`K leI

qW hI sµBv hY jy mnuK AwpxI haumY dw iqAwg kry Aqy prmwqmw dI rzw

ivc rhy[ iesy leI gurU swihbwn ny is`KW ƒ syvw dw mwrg bKiSAw hY[ syvw

124

kridAW prmwqmw dy Bwxy ivc rihµidAW hoieAW aus ny prmwqmw ivc smw

jwxw hY[ haumY ƒ Akwl purK ivc lIn krnw hY qy sdIvI mukqI pRwpq

krnI hY[ is`K leI mukqI dy ArQ krqwr dI BgqI Aqy mnu`K mwqr dI

syvw, qW ik ijs nwl mnu`K Awpw Bwv iqAwg ky pRBU nwl AByd ho jwvy[

qulnwqimk ivAwiKAw

kvISr dI is`KI ivAwiKAw dy Kyqr ivc sB qoN v`fI dyx aunHW duAwrw

is`KI isDWqW ƒ qulnwqimk pirpyK ivc pyS krnw hY[ is`KI ivAwiKAw dy

Kyqr ivc ies qrHW dw auprwlw sB qoN pihlW Awp ny hI kIqw[ ijs audyS ƒ

swhmxy r`K ky is`KI isDWqW Aqy is`KI jIvn dI ivAwiKAw aunHW ny krnI

cwhI, aus ivc auh sPl rhy[ Awp ny ivAwiKAw dI nvIN ivDI inrDwirq

kIqI[ aunHW BwrqI AiDAwqimk prµprw ƒ GoiKAw, p`CmI icµqkW qy Drm dy

ivAwiKAwkwrW dIAW ilKqW pVHIAW Aqy gurbwxI dI syD ƒ iesdy twkry ivc

prK ky gurbwxI ƒ auqm TihrwieAw[ aunHW ny iksy dUsrI prµprw jW Drm dI

inKyDI nhIN kIqI[ aunHW ny v`K-v`K DrmW dy coxvyN isDWqW Aqy AwiSAW ƒ

cµgI qrHW GoiKAw Aqy is`KI dy dwrSink, AiDAwqimk qy nYiqk p`KW nwl

myl ky keI sWJW ƒ aujwgr krn dw Xqn kIqw[ ij`Qy ikqy zrUrI smiJAw

auQy is`KI isDWqW ƒ dUjy mqW qoN inKyV ky pyS kIqw Aqy is`KI isDWqW dI

v`Krqw ƒ aujwgr krn dw Xqn kIqw[ Awp ny gurbwxI dI syD lY ky gurmiq

125

dI ivAwiKAw bOiDk p`Dr qy kIqI, ijs ivc BwrqI drSn, p`CmI drSn

Aqy AwDuink ivigAwn dy smu`cy sµdrB ƒ ivcwirAw hY[

kvISr ny qRY guxW dI crcw kridAW BwrqI Pls&y Aqy gurbwxI

ivckwr sqo, rjo, qmo dy guxW dy ivcwr dI sWJ pRgtweI hY[ gurU Arjn dyv

jI dw vwk hY:

qRY gux kIAw pswrw] nrk surg Avqwrw]

haumY AwvY jweI] mnu itkxu nw pwvY rweI]41

ieh iqMnoN gux jIv Aqy pRikRqI dy ivkws ivc Aihm BUimkw inBwauNdy

hn[ is`K mq Anuswr prmwqmw ienHW iqµnW guxW qoN aupr hY Aqy ieh iqMn

gux aus prmwqmw dy pYdw kIqy hoey hn[ ieQy Awp ny ivcwr ƒ spSt krn

leI mµnU duAwrw ienHW iqµnW guxW dI kIqI ivAwiKAw dw shwrw ilAw, ‘‘ieh

g`l smJ lYxI zrUrI hY ik iqMn gux jIv Awqmw dy bµDn hn[ auh ieh hn :

sqo gux jW au~qm rucI, rjo gux jW icq dw vyg jW joS qy qmo gux jW

AigAwn jW mµd rucIAW[ jd ienHW ivcoN iek jW izAwdw gux jIv-Awqmw ƒ

bµDnW ivc r`Kx qW jIv Awqmw jIA-jµqW dy moh ivc PsI gRsI rihµdI hY[

jd ienHW iqµnW ivcoN koeI gux pRbl hovy qW jIv Awqmw ivc auho gux BrpUr

huµdw hY[”42 gurU swihbwn ny vI ies g`l dI pRoVqw kIqI hY ik ienHW iqµnW

guxW dy huµidAW mnu`K sihj dI AvsQw ƒ pRwpq nhIN kr skdw:

iqRhu guxw ivic shju n pweIAY qRY gux Brim Bulwie]

pVIAY guxIAY ikAw kQIAY jw muMFhu GuQw jwie]

126

cauQy pd mih shju hY gurmuiK plY pwie]43

is`K ivSvws Anuswr prmwqmw dI hsqI ienHW iqµnW guxW qoN AqIq hY[

sµswr dI rcnw bwry gurU swihbwn ny ikqy sWK dy pµjW q`qW AgnI, pOx,

pwxI, DrqI qy AkwS dw izkr kIqw hY, ikqy XUnwnIAW eIrwnIAW vwly cOhW

q`qW dw izkr kIqw hY, pr gurU swihb ny ivSyS qOr qy ies g`l qy zor id`qw

hY ik ieh q`q ausy siq ivcoN pYdw hoey hn jo ienHW dI nINh qy ienHW dw AwDwr

hY[ kvISr ny ies g`l ƒ vI aujwgr kIqw hY ik, ‘‘gurU swihbwn ny sWK dy

ies ivcwr ƒ ik pRikrqI, jIv Awqmw, mwieAw, krm Awid pRmwqmw vWg

AnwdI hn, nhIN mµinAw, nw aunHW ny ies pRkwr dI hor Anykqw dI pRoVqw

kIqI[ gurU AwSy Anuswr sµswrI qwkqW Awpy Awp ivc suqµqr nhIN[ auh

pRmwqmw krky hn qy pRmwqmw sµswr dw kwrn hY[”44

iesy pRkwr kvISr ny kbIr jI duAwrw sWK Swsqr dI r`d kIqI dlIl

ik pµj q`qW qoN srIr pYdw hoieAw, ƒ vI ibAwn kIqw hY[ kbIr jI ny sWK

SwsqR dI dlIl ƒ ies pµkqI duAwrw r`d kIqw ik pµj q`qW qoN kwieAw qW

bx geI, pr pµj q`q vI iksy ny pYdw kIqy hoey hn, ieh q`q ik`Qy pYdw hoey:

pµc qqu imil kwieAw kInI qqu khw qy kInu ry]45

kvISr jI ny ies g`l ƒ vI aujwgr kIqw hY ik gurU swihbwn ny q`qW

bwry ik ieh ikqny hn, bhuqw iDAwn nhIN id`qw, ijqnw ik ies g`l bwry ik

ieh ikQoN pYdw hoey hn, ‘‘pr aunHW ies g`l dI ie`fI prvwh nhIN kIqI ik

127

q`q ikqny hn, ijqnI ies g`l dI ik swry q`q iek q`q ivcoN inkly hn[

auh sB vsqW ivc sWJw vrq irhw hY[ jIv Awqmw qy pRikrqI dy ivkws

Anuswr keI A`f-A`f q`qW ivc bdl igAw hY[”46

gurU swihbwn ny gurbwxI ivc sµjog ivjog dw vrxn kIqw hY, ArQwq

myl qy ivCoVw, ieh dovyN iml ky jIv qy jgq dI kwr clwauNdy hn[ XUnwnI

Pls&y ivc ipAwr qy iGrxw do buinAwdI qwkqW mµnIAW hn, jo q`qW qy jIvW

ƒ joVn qy qoVn dw kµm krdIAW hn[ iesy pRkwr audkrK qy AwkrK dIAW

SkqIAW PYlwx qy suµgyV dy inXmW Anuswr ivSv ƒ rcdIAW qy smytdIAW

hn[ AwDuink Pls&w jIv dI cyqnw qy jgq prpMc dy AwpsI sbµD dw

ivcwr pRsquq krdw hY[ kvISr ny gurbwxI dy AwDwr qy is`D kIqw hY ik

pRikrqI qy mn iek dUjy qy inrBr hn[

kvISr ny fwrivn dy ivkws isDWq dI rOSnI ivc gurbwxI dIAW kuJ

pµkqIAW dI ivAwiKAw krn dw Xqn kIqw hY[ Awp dw ivcwr hY ik, ‘‘gurU

Arjn swihb dy kuJ vwk ‘ivkws’ isDWq dy eyfy nyVy lY jWdy hn ik AwdmI

hYrwn ho jWdw hY”47

keI jnm Bey kIt pqµgw] keI jnm gj mIn kurµgw]

keI jnm pMKI srp hoieE] keI jnm hYvr ibRK joieE]48

mnu`K bhuq swry jnmW ivcoN lµG ky ies mnu`KI dyh ƒ pRwpq krdw hY[

keI jnm kIiVAW, pqµigAW, hwQIAW, m`CIAW, ihrnW, pµCIAW, s`pW, GoiVAW

128

Awid dw jnm lY ky mnu`K bixAw hY qy ieh hux prmwqmw ƒ imlx dw

sunihrw mOkw hY[ iesy pRkwr bnspqI ivc vI jwn dI pRoVHqw ivigAwn krdI

hY, gurbwxI ivc vI ies g`l dw pRmwx iml jWdw hY, jd Bgq kbIr jI p`qy

qoVn vwlI mwlx ƒ pukwr ky kihMdy hn:

pwqI qorY mwilnI pwqI pwqI jIau]49

iesy pRkwr kvISr ny bnspqI dI sdIvqw sbµDI ivigAwink scweI

dI pRoVqw leI gurU nwnk dyv jI dy ienHW vwkW ƒ vrq ky ies Dwrxw ƒ

spSt kIqw:

jyqy dwxy Aµn ky jIAw bwJu n koie]

pihlw pwxI jIau hY ijqu hirAw sBu koie]50

kvISr leI bihs dw ivSw ieh nhIN ik ivigAwink scweIAW qy

AiDAwqimk scweIAW Awps ivc ik`QoN q`k myl KWdIAW hn[ is`K mq

Anuswr mnuKI buDI qoN prHy igAwn dI iek hor SkqI hY, ijs dI ivAwiKAw

kvISr ny ‘id`b-idRStI’ vwly lyK ivc kIqI hY[ ieh id`b idRStI ivigAwink

scweIAW qoN bhuq A`gy q`k dyKx dI smrQw r`KdI hY[ ies ƒ koeI dYvI

cyqnw kihµdw hY qy koeI AiDAwqimk AnuBv AwKdw hY[ kvISr ny ivAwiKAw

krdy smyN keI QW gurbwxI dy keI isDWqW dI ivigAwink ivAwiKAw krn dw

Xqn kIqw hY Aqy AweInstweIn vrgy ivigAwnIAW dy hvwly isDWq dI

pRoVqw leI vrqy hn[ Awp ny ivlIAm jymz dy hvwly nwl d`isAw hY ik

129

sµswr swfy leI ieMj hY ijvyN f`fU leI KUh[ kudrq dI fUµGweI, aus dI Adlw

bdlI, ausdI ivSwlqw dw koeI Aµq nhIN[

kvISr dw ivcwr hY ik jdoN gurU nwnk swihb ny lokweI ƒ is`Dy rsqy

pwaux dw imSn AwrµiBAw sI, aus smyN is`DW, XogIAW, sµinAwsIAW dI BwSw

dw bol-bwlw sI Aqy lokW ivc aunHW dI SbdwvlI Awm pRcilq sI[ gurU

swihb dI bwxI ivc ies SbdwvlI dI BrpUr vrqoN imldI hY[ Awp dw mq

hY ik gurU swihbwn ny Xoigk sµkyqW ƒ nvyN ArQW ivc pRXog kIqw[ gurmiq

ivc vYrwg dw BwvrQ auh nhIN jo sµinAws ivc hY[ gurU swihbwn ny Xoigk

rhu-rIqW ƒ pRvwn nhIN kIqw Aqy is`KW ƒ aunHW qoN vrijAw[

kvISr ny is`KI dy ‘rwj Xog’ ivc igAwn Xog, krmXog qy BgqIXog

dy sµgm ƒ ibAwn kIqw hY[ Awp dw kihxw hY ik is`K ƒ igAwnI, Bgq qy

krmXogI hoxw cwhIdw hY[ gurmiq ivc hT-Xog dI koeI QW nhIN, is`K leI

inrlyp gRihsQI jIvn bqIq krnw auicq hY[ ies qrHW is`K ivc inrwSwvwd

dI QW AwSwvwd qy Anµd imldw hY[

kvISr ny gurmiq dy isDWqW dI ivAwiKAw krdy smyN pRis`D icµqkW qy

ivdvwnW ijvyN ik ivvykwnµd, tYgor, Aribµdo GoS, rwDw ikRSnn, AYmrsn,

fwrivn, Pilt, vrfzvrQ, br`gsn, ivlIAm jymz, r`sl, AweInstweIn

Awid dIAW ilKqW ivcoN hvwly dy ky gurmiq dy isDWq dI pRoVqw kIqI hY Aqy

130

nwl hI ivAwiKAw ƒ qulnwqmk Fµg ivc pyS kIqw[ is`KI ivAwiKAw dy Kyqr

ivc ieh iek nvW pRXog sI[

ivAwiKAw dy ivSy

kvISr dy AµgryzI ivc ilKy lyK jo Of Sikhism pusqk ivc pRkwiSq

kIqy gey Aqy is`K Drm drSn ivcly lyKW dw ivSw iek hI hY, pr aunHW dI

qrqIb ivc Aµqr hY qW vI ies pusqk dy swry lyK AµgryzI lyKW dI sm`grI

aupr AwDwirq hn[ ies pusqk ivc Awp ny is`KI dy lgBg swry isDWqW dI

ivAwiKAw qrkpUrn Fµg nwl kIqI hY[ aunHW ny pusqk ƒ cwr BwgW ivc vµf

ky A`gy aup-isrlyK dy ky iek-iek AiDAwie ivc iek-iek pRmu`K dwrSink

is`KI isDWq dI ivAwiKAw kIqI hY[

kvISr ny pusqk dy pihly Bwg ƒ ‘Akwl purK’ isrlyK ADIn r`iKAw

hY[ ies Bwg ivc prmwqmw dy inrgux srgux, Aprµpwr prm q`q, AlK

krqwr, inrµkwr dI hsqI, id`b idRStI, srb ivAwpk, eISvrI gux, Akwl

purK dy ivDwnk gux, prmwqmw pRym rs, Awid qoN ielwvw sUPI mq Aqy is`K

mq dI qulnw ƒ ivcwr dw ivSw bxwieAw whY[ ies Bwg ivc kvISr ny rwm-

ikRSn prmhµs, Aribµdo GoS, gosuAwmI qulsIdws qy Bgq kbIr jI dIAW

qukW Aqy ivcwrW dy nwl-nwl p`CmI dwrSinkW Aqy ivigAwnIAW dIAW

ilKqW ivcoN hvwly dy ky Awpxy mq ƒ idRV kIqw hY[ iesy pRkwr Awp ny

prmwqmw dI hoNd sMbµDI p`CmI dwrSinkW dIAW dlIlW dy hvwly nwl is`D

131

kIqw hY ik gurU swihbwn sihj suBw hI ienHW dlIlW ƒ gurbwxI ivc

drswauNdy hn[ id`b-idRStI vwly lyK ivc aunHW ny ies g`l ƒ aujwgr kIqw hY

ik ‘‘id`b idRStI mnu`K dw CyvW ieµdrw hY, ieh dUijAW ieµidRAW smwn vI hY qy

Afrw vI[ id`b idRStI dy ArQ hn soJI vwlI A`K, auh A`K ijhVI prm

siq dy Byq dI soJI krWdI hY[ ijvyN Akwl purK dI hsqI pd cOQy dw ivSw

hY, iqvyN aus ƒ vyKx vwlI A`K vI dUijAW ieµidRAW nwloN ivSyS hY[”51 kvISr

ny gurbwxI dy ies ivcwr dI puStI leI mnoivigAwn dIAW nvIn KojW ƒ

AwDwr bxwieAw hY Aqy idRV kIqw hY ik prmwqmw dw AnuBv krn vwlI

igAwn ieµdRI hr iksy dy BwgW ivc nhIN, ieh qW iksy ivrly mnu`K ƒ nsIb

huµdI hY jdoN prmwqmw dI imhr aus mnu`K qy huµdI hY:

BIqir kot guPw Gr jweI]

nau Gr Qwpy hukim rjweI]

dsvY purKu AlyKu ApwrI

Awpy AlKu lKwiedw]52

iesy ivcwr dI puStI leI Awp ny p`CmI icMiqk Pilt, twms

AYkvInws, Aqy vrfzvrQ, jo iek Aµgryz kvI sI, dI kivqw ƒ vI

vriqAw hY :

That blessed mood

In which the burthen of the mystery,

In which the heavy and weary wight

of all this unintelligible world Is lightened,

132

... ... ... ... ... ...

Of harmony and the deep power of joy,

We see into the life of thing53.

ijs mnu`K ƒ prmwqmw dw AnuBv ho jWdw hY aus ƒ prmwqmw dI pRq`K

hzUrI jwpdI hY[ kvISr ny AiDAwqimk AnuBv dI ies AvsQw ƒ vI v`K-

v`K DrmW dy sµdrB ivc ivcwirAw hY ijvyN sUPI mq vwly ies AvsQw ivc

Kud ƒ prmwqmw AwKx l`g pYNdy hn[ kvISr ny sUPIAW dy ivcwr ƒ BweI nµd

lwl jI dy ivcwr nwl r`d kIqw hY, ‘‘ijQoN qIk vwh l`gy, bµdw bixAw rhu,

prmwqmw nw bx, bµdy ƒ bµdgI hI BwlxI loVIey[”54

isRStI rcnw vwly Bwg ivc Awp ny sµswr rcnw, sµswr lIlHw,

mwieAw, kudrq dy inXm, pRikrqI qy siq, dyS qy kwl, sµswr qy is`K mq,

is`K Pls&w, Awid iviSAW ƒ lY ky ivAwiKAw kIqI hY[ sµswr rcnw ƒ

kvISr ny prmwqmw dI hoNd dw cmqkwr qy aus dI lIlHw mµinAw hY[ gurbwxI

ny jgq ƒ prmwqmw dw Kyl d`isAw hY:

quDu Awpy Awpu aupwieAw]

dUjw Kylu kir idKlwieAw]55

kvISr dw ivcwr hY, ‘‘prmwqmw ny jg pYdw kIqw, sB kwrnW dw

krn vwlw qy SkqIAW vwlw Awp hY, aus ny jIv-Awqmw qy srIr AwpxI

vsq nwl iqAwr kIqw[”56 mnu`K leI sµswr dI ivAwiKAw krn dw sB qoN

133

sOKw cµgw qrIkw ieh kihxw ik sµswr prmwqmw dI lIlHw hY Aqy ieQy ieh

lIlHw aus prmwqmw ivc hI smw jwvygI[

kvISr ny mwieAw vwly AiDAwie ivc d`isAw hY ik gurU swihbwn ny

mwieAw ƒ siq nhIN mµinAw, ieh swfI haumY duAwrw pYdw huµdI hY[ jd qk

mnu`K haumY dy AigAwn rUpI hnyry ivc hY, aunw icr mnu`K pRikrqI jW

mwieAw ƒ pYdw krn vwlI hsqI ƒ pRwpq nhIN kr skdw[ Aijhy mnu`K

ivrly hI huµdy hn jo haumY dw iqAwg krky mwieAw dy bµDnW qoN aupr au~T ky

prmwqmw ƒ pRwpq kr lYNdy hn[ gurU nwnk dyv jI vI Aijhy mnuK bhuq G`t

hox bwry AwKdy hn:

hYin ivrly nwhI Gxy PYl PkVu sµswru]57

Awp ny pusqk dy qIjy Bwg ‘jIv Awqmw’ ivc prmwqmw dw Aks,

haumY, Awqmw qy mn, Awqmw bwry kuJ ivcwr, purS qy mwieAw, mnu`KI jIvn

dw pRXojn, haumY mwrnw, rzw qy Bwxw, sÍY igAwn, Awid iviSAW ƒ lY ky

ivAwiKAw kIqI hY[ kvISr ny jIv Awqmw bwry crcw kridAW d`isAw hY

ik, ‘‘mnu`K prmwqmw vloN AwauNdw hY qy muV prmwqmw v`l jWdw hY, prmwqmw

mnu`K ivc Aqy mnu`K prmwqmw ivc vsdw hY, prmwqmw dI joq mnu`K ivc

hY[”58 jIv prmwqmw dw Aks hY[ pr hµkwr rUpI kµD mnu`K ƒ prmwqmw dI

pRwpqI nhIN hox idµdI[ haumY dI kµD krky hI mnu`K ny prmwqmw ƒ ivswr

id`qw hY Aqy Awpxy Awp ƒ prmwqmw qoN v`Krw smiJAw[ jd mnu`K dy AµdroN

134

haumY dw Kwqmw ho jWdw hY qW auh prmwqmw ivc smw jWdw hY qy aus

prmwqmw dw hI rUp ho jWdw hY[ gurmiq ivc ies AvsQw ƒ jIvn mukq

ikhw igAw hY[ kvISr ny ies AvsQw ƒ aus dy Awpxy krmW Aqy prmwqmw

dI imhr qy ADwirq d`isAw hY[ ikauNik haumY ivc mnu`K ivkwrW ivc Ps

jWdw hY[ pr jy mnu`K mn dI AslI AvsQw ƒ jwx lvy qW auh prmwqmw ƒ

sihjy hI pRwpq kr lvygw[

kvISr ny pusqk dy cOQy Bwg ivc mukqI mwrg bwry g`l kridAW

hoieAW prmwqmw pRym, BgqI mwrg, prmwqmw nwl ABydqw, krqwr dI imhr

‘ndir krm’, ivsmwd AvsQw, Awqm pRkwS, Awqm Awnµd, suBwvk qy

Afol ABydqw, vYrwg, mukq pd, sµinAws qy Xog Awid iviSAW dI

ivAwiKAw kIqI hY[ kvISr ny pRBU pRwpqI jW mukqI dy mwrg dw sB qoN

vDIAw qrIkw prmwqmw Aqy mnu`K mwqr pRym d`isAw hY[ pRym jgq dI sB qoN

v`fI SkqI hY[ is`K mq Anuswr mnu`K leI BgqI qy bµdgI ivc hI mukqI hY[

pRBU pRym vwlw is`K pRymw BgqI ibnW nhIN rih skdw[ kvISr dw ivcwr hY ik

prmwqmw dw BY kudrq dw inXm hY[ kudrq ivc BY Aqy mnu`KI ihrdy ivc

pRym dovyN brwbr drjw r`Kdy hn[ gurU swihbwn ny Akwl purK ƒ ipqw-mwqw,

im`qr, sulqwn, dYvI kµq, Awid sµkyqW nwl sµboDn kIqw hY[ ieh aus pRqI

pRym pRgt krn dy Xqn hn[

135

kvISr ny mukqI dy mwrg ivc prmwqmw dI imhr aupr vI bl id`qw

hY Aqy imhr dy ArQ ies pRkwr kIqy hn, ‘‘is`KI AwSy Anuswr imhr dy

ArQ hn ik swfI Xogqw-AXogqw dw i^Awl nw krdy hoey swƒ aus dI rzw

ivc Brosw hoxw ik Akwl purK swfI shwieqw krygw qy swƒ gl lweygw[”59

prmwqmw dI imhr hI swƒ mukqI bKSdI hY[ ieh imhr iksy qy QoVHI Aqy

iksy qy ausdy krmW krky bhuqI huµdI hY[ ijs qy imhr ho jwey auh mnuK

smJ jWdw hY ik prmwqmw qoN bwhr kuJ nhIN:

sBnw aupir ndir pRB qyrI]

iksY QoVI iksY hY GxyrI]

quJ qy bwhir ikCu n hovY]

gurmuiK soJI pwvixAw]60

sB kuJ aus prmwqmw dy hukm dy Aµdr hY[ swƒ ACweI Dwrn krn

leI aus dI imhr dI loV hY, pr imhr qW huµdI hY jykr AsIN mhwn Awqmw

dy pUrixAW qy c`lIey, aunHW dy d`sy mwrg qy c`lIey qW AsIN sihjy hI mukqI

pRwpq kr lvWgy[

iesy pRkwr kvISr ny ‘The Sikh Studies*pusqk ivcly Awpxy lyKW

rwhIN is`KI isDWqW, is`KI AwdrSW ƒ pyS krn dw Xqn kIqw hY[The Battle

of Life : How Guru Gobind Singh Fought It. lyK ivc kvISr ny gurU

goibµd isµG jI dy jIvn kwl ƒ AwpxI ilKq rwhIN swfy swhmxy ilAw ky aunHW

dI socxI, krxI ƒ pRsquq kIqw hY[ gurU swihb ny Drm Kwqr bhuq

136

kurbwnIAW id`qIAW[ auh hmySW hI SuB krm krn Aqy vwry jwx leI Ardws

krdy hn[ ieh Ardws Awpxy Drm aupr kurbwn hox nwl juVI huµdI hY[

Awpxy Awp ƒ kurbwn krnw, Awpxy Awp ƒ lok BlweI dy kµmW ivc lwauxw,

pRym, syvw Aqy s`c dy rwh qy clxw Aqy jIvn dy s`c ƒ pRwpq krnw jIvn dw

audyS hY[ iehI sdwcwr, praupkwr dw rwh gurU dI is`KI dy lV lwauNdw hY[

ienswn jdoN prmwqmw dy lV l`g jWdw hY qW auh loB, moh, Ahµkwr qoN dUr ho

jWdw hY[ Aijhw mnu`K Awpw vwrn leI hmySw iqAwr-br-iqAwr rihµdw hY[

iehI gurU goibµd isµG dw Kwlsw hY, ijs leI dUjy gurU swihbwn ny vI v`K-v`K

Sbd vrqy, pr ieh auhI AwdrS mnuK hY ijs dI isrjnw dw mu`F gurU nwnk

dyv jI ny r`iKAw sI[ ieho ijhy ivcwr hI kvISr jI ny Awpxy bwkI lyKW

ivc pyS kIqy hn, ijnHW aupr gurbwxI dI rµgx cVHI hoeI hY[

kvISr ny lyKW ivc gur ieiqhws ivcoN GtnwvW ƒ lY ky gurbwxI dy

iksy nw iksy q`Q ƒ idRVwieAw[ aunHW dw hr lyK iksy nw iksy qrIky nwl

aunHW q`QW ƒ idRVwauNdw dyiKAw jw skdw hY, jo is`K Drm dw AwDwr hn[

kvISr ny AwpxI pusqk ivcly lyKW ’c gur ieiqhs Aqy gurbwxI ƒ AwDwr

bxw ky gurU swihbwnW dy aupdyS ƒ lokW q`k phuµcwaux dw sPl Xqn kIqw hY[

kvISr duAwrw ricq khwxIAW ijvyN The Playmates, Baba Sahab

Singh Aqy Gratitude Awid vI is`KI AwdrSW ƒ muK r`K ky ilKIAW

geIAW sn[ Baba Sahab Singh khwxI PruKSIAr dy Swsn kwl bwry

137

izkr krdI hY, bwbw swhb isµG ies khwxI dw muK pwqr hY[ PruKSIAr ny

bwbw swhb isµG dy isr qy 1000 rupey dw ienwm r`iKAw hoieAw hY[ ieh aus

guris`K dy isr dI kImq hY jo mugl hkUmq dw twkrw krdw hY Aqy mugl

hkUmq is`KI ƒ Kqm krn vwsqy isroN pYroN qwkq lw rhI sI[ dIn muhµmd nW

dw iek hor pwqr hY, jo swhb isµG ƒ jµgl ivcoN PVHn leI jWdw hY[ jd

dIn muhµmd swhb isµG pws phuµcdw hY qW swhb isµG iek ndI dy iknwry bYTw

iek ib`CU ƒ ndI ivcoN k`Fx dI koiSS krdw hY, pr auh vwr-vwr aus dy h`Q

qy fµg mwrdw hY[ ieh vyK ky dIn muhµmd hYrwn ho jWdw hY Aqy AwKdw hY ik

qUµ ies ƒ ikauN k`Fdw hY jdoNik ieh qYƒ vwr-vwr fµg mwrdw hY, qW swhb

isµG ny aus ƒ ikhw ik jdoN ieh AwpxI Awdq nhIN C`fdw qW mYN AwpxI

Awdq ikauN C`fW[ ies qy dIn muhµmd bhuq hYrwn huµdw hY ik mugl bwdSwh

ieµny cµgy ienswn ƒ ikauN mwrnw cwhuµdw hY[ dIn muhµmd aus ƒ kihµdw hY ik

qUµ Awpxy Awp ƒ swfy hvwly kr dy Aqy myry nwl c`l[ ies qy swhb isµG

aus dy nwl c`l pYNdw hY[ rsqy ivc dovyN Q`k jWdy hn qW swhb isMG aus ƒ

Awpxy Gr lY jWdw hY, auQy aus dI cµgI syvw krdw hY[ rwq ƒ nUrw nW dw

fwkU aunHW ƒ lu`tx vwsqy AwauNdw hY[ auh swhb isMG dI 12 swlW kuVI ƒ cu`k

lYNdw hY[ dIn muhµmd aus dw ip`Cw krky kuVI ƒ Cufwaux dI koiSS krdw hY,

pr fwkU aus ƒ zKmI kr idMdw hY[ swhb isµG Aw ky fwkU ƒ PV lYNdw hY

Aqy ausƒ dIn muhµmd dI syvw vwsqy AwKdw hY ik jd q`k dIn muhµmd TIk

138

nhIN ho jWdw, qUµ aus dI syvw kr[ ies qy nUrw Aqy dIn muhµmd dovyN aus nwl

iml ky mugl slqnq dw twkrw krdy hn[ ies khwxI ivc kvISr ny iek

guris`K dy PrzW ƒ aujwgr kIqw hY ik aus dw krq`v bxdw hY ik auh Awpxy

Drm dI r`iKAw leI lVy Aqy lok BlweI vwly kµm kry[

iesy pRkwr Awp ny The Playmates khwxI ivc iek is`K dy krq`v ƒ

Aqy iek AwdrS is`K dy cir`qr ƒ pyS kIqw hY[ Awp ny ies khwxI ivc

d`isAw hY ik iek is`K iksy mzlUm dI r`iKAw krn vwsqy AwpxI jwn dI vI

prvwh nhIN krdw[ Awp ny ies khwxI ivc drswieAw hY ik jd vrqmwn

smyN dI srkwr gurU goibµd isMG jI dy iKlwP jµg CyV idMdI hY qW gurU swihb

duAwby ivcoN is`KW dI mµg krdy hn ik auh Aw ky AkwlI POj ivc BrqI hox,

qW duAwby dy ipµf Bwgovwl dw iek AnwQ b`cw sµq isµG, ijs dw pwln poSx

iek guris`K BweI jvµd isµG ny kIqw sI, auh gurU swihb dI POj ivc BrqI

ho jWdw hY Aqy auh gurU swihb dy nwl iml ky duSmx dy nwl jµg lVdw hY[

jd sµq isµG Anµdpur qoN vwps AwauNdw hY qW Bwgovwl dw iek Abdu`lw nW dw

muslmwn pUnI nW dI kuVI nwl zbrdsqI ivAwh krnw cwhuµdw hY[ sµq isµG

aus ƒ Aqy aus dy swQIAW ƒ mwr idµdw hY ikauNik auh ipµf dy lokW qy bhuq

zulm krdy sn[ ies pRkwr Awp ny khwxIAW rwhIN is`KI dy AwdrSW ƒ pyS

krn dw Xqn kIqw hY[

139

ivAwiKAw dw ieiqhwisk p`K

kvISr swihb ny 1913 eI. ivc id`lI srkwr duAwrw gurduAwrw rkwb

gµj dI kµD Fwhy jwx qy sB qoN pihlW ies g`l dw ivroD kIqw Aqy srkwr

ivru`D sµgrwm CyV id`qw[ Awp ny iek ShIdI jQw iqAwr kIqw, ijs dy AwgU

kvISr jI Awp hI sn[ ies jQy ny id`lI phuµc ky gurduAwry dI kµD dw

inrmwx krnw sI[ pr srkwr ny ies jQy dy id`lI phuµcx qoN pihlW hI

gurduAwry dI kµD dw inrmwx krvw id`qw[ kvISr ny ies sMbµDI iek lyK

‘gurduAwrw rkwb gµj dw Jmylw’ iliKAw, ijs ivc Awp ny pihlW gurduAwrw

rkwb gµj Aqy gurduAwrw sIs gµj dw sµKyp ieiqhws id`qw hY[ gurU qyg

bhwdr swihb ihMdU Drm dI r`iKAw Kwqr AOrµgzyb dy hukm nwl ShId kIqy

gey qW aunHW dw sIs Aqy piv`qr dyh cWdnI cONk ivc koqvwlI dy swhmxy pey

rhy[ zulm dy A`gy iksy dw hONslw nw ipAw ik siqgurW dy srIr dw koeI

sskwr kr sky[ iek jwn qy Kyfx vwly rµGryty guris`K ny siqgurW dy sIs ƒ

qW dsm pwqSwh q`k Anµdpur swihb q`k phuµcwieAw Aqy AwpxI bhwdrI

kwrn ‘gurU ky bytVy’ dw iKqwb hwsl kIqw[ iek hor is`K ny ijhVw rkwb

gµj rihMdw sI, hnyry ivc siqgurW dI dyh g`fy qy r`K ky rkwb gµj lY igAw

Aqy Awpxy Gr smyq gurU swihb dI dyh dw sskwr kr id`qw[

kvISr ny ies lyK ivc d`isAw hY ik jd dsvyN pwqSwh bhwdur Swh

ƒ imly qW ienHW dovW QwvW qy Coty-Coty gurduAwry bxw id`qy gey Aqy mwqw

140

suµdrI jI dy hukm Anuswr BweI mnI isMG ienHW sQwnW dI syvw krdy rhy[

pr PruKSIAr dy Swsn kwl ivc muslmwnW ny ienHW dovW QWvW qy kbzw kr

ilAw Aqy gurduAwirAW dI QW zbrdsqI msIqW bxw id`qIAW[

ies lyK ivc A`gy kvISr ny d`isAw hY ik Swh Awlm dy Swsn kwl

ivc jd is`KW dw jQw aus dI mdd leI id`lI igAw qW srdwr bGyl isµG ny

ies QW dI mµg kIqI Aqy rwjy dI Adwlq ivc kys drj krvwieAw[rwjy ny

nIhW putvw ky vyiKAw, gurduAwry dy inSwn iml gey, bwdSwh dI Adwlq ny

PYslw is`KW dy h`k ivc kr id`qw Aqy is`KW ny syvw nwl iPr gurduAwry dw

inrmwx kr id`qw[

kvISr ny pihlw ShIdI jQw iqAwr krky ies piv`qr ieiqhwisk QW

qy srkwr duAwrw kIqy jw rhy kbzy dw ivroD kIqw Aqy gurduAwrw suDwr

lihr dI nINh r`KI[ ijs ny A`gy jw ky kukrmI mhµqW dy pµjy ivcoN Anyk

Dwrimk sQwnW ƒ Azwd krvwieAw[ ies qoN bwAd AkwlI lihr c`l peI,

ijs ny keI morcy lwey Aqy gurDwmW ivcly pRbµD ƒ TIk krn dw bIVw

cu`ikAw[

20 PrvrI, 1921 eI. ƒ nnkwxw swihb dw ShIdI swkw vwpirAw[

kvISr jI ny ies ShIdI swky sbµDI lyK61 ilKy, jo ‘AkwlI’ A^bwr ivc 14

qoN 20 mwrc q`k Cpdy rhy[ bwAd ivc Akwl eyjµsI ny ies ƒ pusqk rUp

ivc CwipAw[ kvISr ny ies ivc AµgryzI rwj sQwipq hox qoN pihlW

141

gurduAwirAW dy pRbµD dw izkr kridAW hoieAW d`isAw ik AµgryzW dy rwj

qoN pihlW gurduAwry dw pRbµD sµgq krdI sI, jd koeI pujwrI jW mhµq KrwbI

krdw sI qW aus ƒ bdl dyx dw pUrw h`k sµgq pws huµdw sI[ sµgq hI

syvwdwr Aqy pujwrI muk`rr krdI sI[

kvISr ny iesy sMbµD ivc mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy kwl dI Gtnw dw

izkr kIqw hY ik jd sRI drbwr swihb ivc audwsI mhµqW ny kuJ glq kµm

kIqw qW sµgq ny aunHW ƒ drbwr swihb dI syvw qoN htw id`qw Aqy au~Qy BweI

cµcl isµG Aqy dUjy pqvµqy isMGW ƒ syvw leI muk`rr kIqw[ mhwrwjw rxjIq

isMG BwvyN nvyN syvwdwr dy h`k ivc nhIN sn pr aus ny iPr vI sµgq dy PYsly

ƒ h`Q joVky kbUl kIqw[

kvISr ny ies ivc d`isAw hY ik AµgryzW dy iek nvyN bxy kwƒn dy

qihq ieh mhµq gurduAwirAW dy mwlk bx gey Aqy sµgq dw inrwdr krn

l`g pey Aqy iek idn Aijhw AwieAw ik ieh sµgq dy kwiql bx gey[

Awp ny ieh vI aujwgr kIqw ik ies ip`Cy srkwr dw pUrw h`Q sI, srkwr

dI mdd qoN ibnW mhµq eyfw v`fw kukrm nhIN sI kr skdw[

srdUl isMG kvISr ny AkwlI lihrW ƒ Third Sikh War dw nW id`qw

hY, is`KW dI ieh lVweI mhµqW Aqy AMgryzI srkwr dy ivru`D sI[ ies ivc

sB qoN pihlW isAwlkot Aqy sRI AµimRqsr swihb dy gurduAwry mhµqW qoN

Azwd krvwey gey[ ies ivc srkwr ƒ ip`Cy htxw ipAw, pihlW qW srkwr

142

ny SkqI nwl is`KW ƒ dbwaux dI koiSS kIqI, pr is`K SkqI nwl dbwey

nhIN jw sky Aqy gurduAwry ƒ mhµqW qoN Azwd krvwieAw[ ies ieiqhwsk

lyK ivc kvISr jI ny d`isAw hY ik AµimRqsr, qrnqwrn Aqy nnkwxw

swihb dy mhµqW ny AkwlIAW ivru`D ihµsk kwrvweIAW kIqIAW jdik AkwlI

AihMsk Fµg nwl gurduAwry Azwd krvwaux dy h`k ivc sn[

aunHW AkwlI moricAW ivc Bwg lYx vwly is`KW dI igxqI 33000 d`sI

hY Aqy 500 isMGW dy krIb ShId hoey, pr Awp dw mµnxw hY ik ienHW dI

igxqI ies qoN vI v`D sI[ ies smyN dOrwn is`KW aupr 15 l`K rupey qoN v`D

zuurmwnw kIqw igAw[ kvISr jI ny A`gy d`isAw ik ies lihr ivc b`icAW

Aqy AOrqW ny vI Bwg ilAw, Awp ny ies sMbµD ivc iek 9 swlw lVky dI

imswl id`qI, ijs ƒ ikrpwn vwly kys ivc jlµDr qoN PiVAw igAw sI, “A

young boy, Nine years old of Jullundhar was arrested on the ground

that he carried the Kirpan in the hand ...., The was challaned and

put before a magistrate. The magistrate ordered that either the boy

should pay rupees fifty as fine or go to jail for one month. The

boy's father wanted to pay the fine, but the boy refused. "If you pay

money for the fine, I am no longer your son. I shall never go home

with you." The father was obliged to without the fine.The boy went

143

to the jail triumpantly and remained there for the full term of

imprisonment.@62

iesy pRkwr Awp ny jYqo dy morcy ivc iek bzurg duAwrw ies morcy

ivc Bwg lYx Aqy gurU dy snmuK kIqI Ardws ƒ pUrw krn dI Gtnw ƒ iesy

lyK ivc ibAwn kIqw hY, “An old man accompanied the Shahidi

Jatha to Jaito. On the way the man fell ill and was left behind on

the road in charge of men of the locality. The man was dying and

the people tried to take him to the village nearby. "No, I cannnot

leave the road. I have vowed to the Guru not to turn my face from

the field of battle, I must reach Jaito or die." And the man died on

the road, His last words were , "Have we reached Jaito?"@63

ies pRkwr kvISr ny vIhvIN sdI dy pihly do dhwikAW ivc AkwlI

moricAW ivc Bwg lYx vwly is`KW dw is`K gurDwmW pRqI pRym, gurU qy Brosw,

ivSvws, bhwdrI Aqy kurbwnI sMbµDI GtnwvW ƒ Awpxy ienHW lyKW ivc pyS

kIqw hY[ aunHW dw ieh Xqn ShId hoey is`KW ƒ s`cI-su`cI SrDWjlI hovygI,

ikauNik iksy kOm dy ShId hI aus kOm dI Swn Aqy gOrv ƒ au~cw cu`kx ivc

shwiek huµdy hn[

144

bwxI dw AµgryzI Anuvwd

kvISr jI ny sRI gurU gRµQ swihb jI ivc drj do bwxIAW dw AµgryzI BwSw

ivc Anuvwd vI kIqw[ ienHW ivcoN iek sRI gurU Arjn dyv jI duAwrw mwJ

rwg ivc aucwrn kIqw bwrhmwhw hY, ijs dIAW ku`l 14 pauVIAW hn[ pihlI

pauVI mµgl rUp ivc hY Aqy 14vIN pauVI ivc q`q inrUpx kIqw igAw hY[

nmUny dy p`K qoN ieQy AsIN cyiq mhIny vwlI pauVI dw Anuvwd dy rhy hW[ bwxI

dw mUl pwT hY:

cyiq goivMdu ArwDIAY hovY Anµdu Gxw]

sµq jnw imil pweIAY rsnw nwmu Bxw]

ijin pwieAw pRBu Awpxw Awey iqsih gxw]

ieku iKnu iqsu ibnu jIvxw ibrQw jnmu jxw]

jil Qil mhIAil pUirAw rivAw ivic vxw]

so pRBu iciq n AwveI ikqVw duKu gxw]

ijnI rwivAw so pRBU iqMnw Bwgu mxw]

hir drsn kau mnu locdw nwnk ipAws mnw]

cyiq imlwey so pRBU iqs kY pwie lgw]ò]64

AµgryzI Anuvwd :

Worship God in Chait; rejoice

with all thine heart's content;

Men reach Him throught the saintly souls

whose hearts on Him are bent.

Those who meet the master, they

145

come out with gain and glory;

Those who lose Him for a while

Their life is sad and sorry.

On sea, on land,below, above;

The Lord is everywhere

Great pain would feel the lonely heart

The Lord if be not there.

Fortunate are those with whom

The Master doth abide;

My heart doth burn with this desire

That He might be my guide.

My thirst for Him is measureless;

Tis growing great and great;

I touch thy feet, O saints! Take me

To my Kind Lord, In Chait.65

iesy pRkwr Awp ny sRI gurU Amrdws jI duAwrw rwmklI rwg ivc

aucwrn kIqI bwxI ‘Anµd swihb’ dw vI AµgryzI BwSw ivc Anuvwd kIqw hY[

ieh Anuvwd nwloN ivAwiKAw dy vDIk nyVy hY[ ieQy AsIN bwxI dy mUl pwT

Aqy aus dy AµgryzI ivc Anuvwd dI iek pauVI imswl vjoN dy rhy hW[ bwxI

dw mUl pwT hY:

Andu suxhu vfBwgIho sgl mnorQ pUry]

pwrbRhmu pRBu pwieAw auqry sgl ivsUry]

dUK rog sµqwp auqry suxI scI bwxI]

sµq swjn Bey srsy pUry gur qy jwxI]

146

suxqy punIq khqy pivqu siqguru rihAw BrpUry]

ibnvµiq nwnku gur crx lwgy vwjy Anhd qUry]40]66

AµgryzI Anuvwd :

The joyful tidings come from high,

O blessed Ones, your wish you gain,

The Lord of heavens have you met,

No ills or sorrows shall remain.

All sins and vices fly away

When Learns the heart the Word divine;

The men of God and all their friends,

Are filled with joy, no more they pine.

Who hear and sings His praise are blessed,

The Lord gives them all what wish they;

And those who humbly love the Lord,

For them His trumpets ever play67

ies qrHW srdUl isMG kvISr ny The Sikh Studies, Of Sikhism,

is`K Drm drSn pusqkW rwhIN is`KI isDWqW ƒ is`K jgq q`k phuµcwaux dw

SlwGw Xog Xqn kIqw[ Awp ny is`K Drm drSn pusqk nwl qulnwqimk

ivAwiKAw dI nvIN iprq pweI, ijs dw A`gy c`l ky keI hor ivAwiKAwkwrW

ny Anusrx kIqw[ ies dy nwl-nwl kvISr ny AwpxIAW swihqk rcnwvW

rwhIN vI gurbwxI dy isDWqW Aqy AwdrSW ƒ pyS krn dw jo Fµg vriqAw,

147

auh vI iek nvW auprwlw sI[ kvISr jI ny swihqk rcnwvW ivc gurbwxI

Aqy gurU swihbwn dy jIvn ieiqhws ƒ AwDwr bxwieAw hY[

gurmiq dy rµg ivc rµgy hoey ivdvwn ilKwrI srdUl isMG kvISr jI

ny gurbwxI aupdyS nwl lbryz rcnwvW is`K ivAwiKAw swihq dI JolI ivc

pweIAW[ aunHW duAwrw kIqI gurbwxI Aqy is`K AwdrSW dI ivAwiKAw A`j vI

auqnI hI swrQk jwpdI hY, ijqnI ik iqMn cOQweI sdI pihlW sI[ kvISr

jI dw jIvn Aqy is`KI ivAwiKAw nwl sMbµiDq swihq Awaux vwly simAW

ivc vI sµgq Aqy kOm dy rwh dsyry dw kµm krygw[

148

hvwly Aqy it`pxIAW

1 qwrn isµG, gurbwxI dIAW ivAwiKAw pRxwlIAW, pµnw 1. 2 drSn isµG, BweI gurdws : is`KI dy pihly ivAwiKAwkwr, pµnw 94. 3 auhI, pµny 97-98. 4 qwrn isµG, gurbwxI dIAW ivAwiKAw pRxwlIAW, pµnw 52. 5 auhI, pµnw 93. 6 auhI, pµnw 94. 7 auhI, pµnw 120. 8 auhI, pµnw 139. 9 kwnH isµG nwBw, gurSbd rqnwkr mhwn koS, pµnw 244. 10 qwrn isµG, gurbwxI dIAW ivAwiKAw pRxwlIAW, pµnw 295. 11 srdUl isµG, is`K Drm drSn (sµpw. vzIr isµG), pµnw muKbµD. 12 Sardul Singh Caveeshar, Of Sikhism, (Ed. Col, Harjinder Singh), p. Introduction. 13 srdUl isµG, is`K Drm drSn, pMnw pRsqwvnw. 14 auhI. 15 (1) inrgux- srgux,

(2) Aprµpwr prm q`q,

(3) AlK krqwr,

(4) inrµkwr dI hsqI,

(5) id`b idRStI

(6) srb-ivAwpk

(7) eISvrI gux

(8) Akwl purK dy ivDwnk gux

(9) prmwqmw pyRm rs

(10) Akwl purK dy Anyk nwm

(11) AwsqkW Aqy srb-bRhmvwdIAW dy ivcwr

(12) sUPI m`q Aqy is`K mq 16 auhI, pMnw 3.

149

17 Sardul Singh Caveeshar, Of Sikhism, (Ed. Col, Harjinder Singh), p. 5. 18 srdUl isµG, is`K Drm drSn, pµnw 6. 19 auhI, pMnw 51. 20 auhI, pMnw 54

21 sRI gurU gRµQ swihb, Awsw m. 5, pµnw 387. 22 auhI, bwvn A`KrI, m. 5, pµnw 250. 23 auhI, gauVI, m. 5, pµnw 283. 24(1) sMswr- rcnw

(2) sMswr-lIlHw

(3) mwieAw

(4) kudrq dy inXm

(5) pRikrqI qy siq

(6) dyS qy kwl

(7) sMswr qy is`K m`q

(8) is``K-PlsPw 25 srdUl isµG, is`K Drm drSn, pµnw 100. 26 auhI, pMny 102-103. 27 auhI, pMnw 100. 28 sRI gurU gRµQ swihb, mlwr, m. 3, pµnw 1258. 29 auhI, soriT, m. 3, pµnw 643. 30 srdUl isµG, is`K Drm drSn, pµnw 113. 31 sRI gurU gRµQ swihb, sUhI, m.5, pµnw 736. 32 auhI, sorT, kbIr, pµnw 655. 33 srdUl isµG kvISr, is`K Drm drSn, pµnw 165. 34 auhI, pµnw 166. 35 (1) prmwqmw dw Aks

(2) haumYN

(3) Awqmw qy mn

(4) Awqmw bwry kuJ ivcwr

150

(5) purS qy mwieAw

(6) mnu`KI jIvn dw pRXojn

(7) haumYN mwrnw

(8) rzw qy Bwxw

(9) sYÍ-igAwn 36 srdUl isµG kvISr, is`K Drm drSn, pµnw 169. 37 auhI, pMnw 172. 38 auhI, pMnw 219. 39 (1) prmwqm-pyRm

(2) BgqI-mwrg

(3) prmwqmw nwl ABydqw

(4) krqwr dI imhr- ‘ndir krm’

(5) ivsmwd AvsQw

(6) Awqm pRkwS

(7) Awqm AwnMd

(8) suBwvk qy Afol ABydqw

(9) vYrwg

(10) mukq pd

(11) sMinAws qy Xog 40 srdUl isµG kvISr, is`K Drm drSn, pµnw 274. 41 sRI gurU gRµQ swihb, mwrU, m. 5, pµnw 1003. 42 srdUl isµG kvISr, is`K Drm drSn, pµnw 131. 43 sRI gurU gRµQ swihb, isrI rwg, m. 3, pµnw 68. 44 srdUl isµG kvISr, is`K Drm drSn, pµnw 136. 45 sRI gurU gRµQ swihb, goNf, kbIr, pµnw 870. 46 srdUl isµG kvISr, is`K Drm drSn, pµnw 135. 47 auhI, pµnw 140. 48 sRI gurU gRµQ swihb, gauVI, m. 5, pµnw 176. 49 auhI, Awsw, kbIr, pµnw 479.

151

50 auhI, Awsw, m. 1, pµnw 472. 51 srdUl isµG kvISr, is`K Drm drSn, pµnw 29. 52 sRI gurU gRµQ swihb, mwrU, m. 1, pµnw 1033. 53 srdUl isµG kvISr,is`K Drm drSn, pµnw 38. 54 auhI, pµnw 90. 55 sRI gurU gRµQ swihb, isrI rwg, m. 1, pµnw 73. 56 srdUl isµG kvISr, is`K Drm drSn, pµnw 106. 57 sRI gurU gRµQ swihb, slok, m. 1, pµnw 1411. 58 srdUl isµG kvISr, is`K Drm drSn, pµnw 169. 59 auhI, pµnw 272. 60 sRI gurU gRµQ swihb, mwJ, m. 3, pµnw 119. 61 ienHW lyKW ivcoN 14 mwrc Aqy 19 mwrc vwly lyK fw.gµfw isµG rYPrYNs lwiebryrI ivc

auplbD hn[

62 Sardul Singh Caveeshar, The Sikh Studies, p. 200. 63 auhI, pµnw 202. 64 sRI gurU gRµQ sihb, mwJ, m. 5, pµnw 133. 65 Sardul Singh Caveesher, The Sikh Studies, p. 306. 66 sRI gurU gRµQ swihb, rwmklI, m: 3, pµnw 922

67 Sardul Singh Caveeshar, The Sikh Studies, pp. 300-301.