Fungus31.1

Goal for the day:- I can identify the common features that are

shared by most fungi.

Can you guess which one is a Fungus?

A B

C D

Kingdom Fungi- 1.5 million species- 7 Phyla

- Microsporidia- Blastocladiomycota- Neocallimastigomycota- Chytridiomycota- Glomeromycota- Basidiomycota- Ascomycota

Turn to Pg. 615 - Which phyla are most closely related?- Which phylum is not monophyletic?- Which phyla are the youngest?

Fungisome of the oldest and largest organisms on Earth

Largest known living organism: Honey Mushroomcovers 2,200 acres in a forest in Oregon2,400 years old

I. Characteristics● a few are unicellular

○ yeasts● mostly multicellular

○ mushrooms● Eukaryotes● Heterotrophs

II. Fungi Body● Hyphae

○ threadlike filaments ○ basic structural unit of mushroom○ grow rapidly○ can be monokaryotic or dikaryotic

II. Fungi Body● Septa

○ cross walls○ divide hyphae into cells○ highly porous

II. Fungi Body● Cell walls made of chitin

chitin: a strong flexible polysaccharide

II. Fungi Body

● Mycelium○ made of hyphae○ performs a function similar to roots○ digests food

II. Fungi Body● Fruiting Body

○ reproductive structure seen above ground○ formed by hyphae

III. Reproduction in FungiMany fungi can reproduce both asexually and sexually3 main types of reproduction occur in fungi● budding● fragmentation● spore production

1. Budding● asexual● occurs in yeast● a new cell develops while attached to parent

cell● splits off when developed

2. Fragmentation● asexual● mycelium is broken apart creating new fungi

from each fragment

3. Spore production● sexual ● fungi produce spores in a structure known as

a fruiting body○ spores are held within a sac or case called a

sporangium● trillions of spores can be released from a

single fruiting body

Brown Cup Fungus

IV. How Fungi gain EnergyFungi● digest their food before they ingest it● produce enzymes that break down organic

material outside their cells● absorb nutrients into their cells

IV. Ways Fungi gain energy1. Saprophytic Fungi● called saprobes● decompose dead organic material● recycle nutrients back into the food web

2. Parasitic Fungi● absorb nutrients from cells of living

organisms● have modified hyphae call haustoria

○ grow into the host’s tissue

3. Mutualistic Fungi● live in a mutualistic relationship with

another organism● both benefit