Enkele grafieken uit: The Spirit Level

8/13/2019 Enkele grafieken uit: The Spirit Level

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T HE EQU LITY TRU S Tource: W ilkinson Pic kett, Th e S pirit Leve l 200 9

Abig idea big e no u ghto chang ep ol iticalthinking

A_plngtheoryo leve rythlng _

R ichald Wilkinw n a n d a te ick e ll

The Spirit LevelW h y q ua lityis e tter for veryone

We stro ngly recomm end that you use them inconjun ction w ith the book , which explain s therelation ships shown in the graphs.

These sli des are provided o n condition that youacknowledge their sou rce.

We hope you will use them in talks, lectu res ordiscussion groups to help increase people sunderstanding o f the effects of inequality.

The graphs a re also published in th e book byRichard Wilkinson and Kate P ickett.The Spiri t Level Why Equalit y is etter forEveryone Penguin, 2010).

This PowerPoint file contains 35 of the moreimportant gra phs shown o n The EqualityT rustwebsi te at www .equalitytrus t.org.uk

ntrodu t ion


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THE E QUALITY TRU STource: W ilkinson P ickett , The Spir it Le ve l 200 9

S e nd a che que paya ble to The Equal ity Trust 32 3 6 Loman Street London SEI OE H UK

Use P ay P al to dona te on line at www.equalitytrust.org. uk

You can dona te in two wa ys:

As an i nde pen de nt not for profit organisation our wo rk dep e nd s o n gener ous d onat ions from individuals an dtru s ts w hich sha re our vision.

As these s lides represe nt many yea rs of work and t hough t we wou ld be very gr a te ful for do na tions to he lp T heEq ua lity Trust cont inu e its wo rk.

The Equality Trus t is working ha rd to bu ild a be tte r s oci e ty by gaining a wide r public un ders ta nd ing o f the

damaging effe cts o f large i nequa litie s of incom e a nd wea lth. To get her we can bu ild s upport for po licies tored uce th e m.

on t ions


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=THE E QUALITY TRU S Tource:W ilkinson P ickett , Th e S pirit Lev e l 2009

5

. . . . . . . . .N_

_ . .._. - - - d_ . ~ 5

5

-

. . ._ . . ... . . ~ I . . . . . . .. . . . . ....Ntoo(j~


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TH Q U LITY TRU S Tou rce: W ilkins on P ickett , Th e S pirit Leve l 200 9

4 5

National income per person ( )

5 7

20000

Denmark Porrug al78

Ireland.

Finla nd

UK AustriaSingapore

Netherlands

Belgium

Germanyreece

Austra lia

Sweden Canada Spain F Israel .Italy ran,:

New Zealand

Switzerlandc:

~ 0

~c:

EI

~c: ~0

~

J;

8 Japan

Between rich) socie tie s

He a lth is re la ted t o inc ome diffe re nces w ithin rich soc ietiesbut no t to those tw n the m


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THE EQUALITY TRU S Tourc e : Wilkinson P ickett , TheSpirit Leve l 2009

Most deprivedElectoral wards in England and Wales ranked b y deprivat ion score

Within societies

8

7 9

7 8

77e

76

7S

7 4 ;

7 3

72

7

7

Least deprived

e lth is re l ted t o i nc o m e diff e re n ces w t n ri c h soc ieties

but no t t o t h ose tw n th e m


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T H QU LITY TRU S Tou rce W ilkins on P ickett Th e S pirit Lev el 2009 / Unite d No tions De velopm e nt P rogr a m

JapanRnland

NorwaySwed en

Denmark

Belg iumAustria

Germany

Nether lands

Spa inFrance

CanadaSwitzerland

IrelandGreece

ItalyIsrael

New ZealandAustralia

UK

PortugalU SA

Singapore

0

How m uch richer a re the r ichest 2 than t he poo rest 2 ?


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THE EQU LITY TRUSTou rce : Wilkinson P ickett , TheSpirit Lev el 2009

Impri sonmentTeen age birthsTrustObesity

Mental illness inc . drug an dalcohol ad dictio nSocial mobil ity

Homicides

LifeexpectancyMaIDs literacyInfant mor tality

Index includes

ncom e inequa lityHighow

JapanBetter

Sweden

Netherlandsorway .

Switzerland

Spain

Italy

Australia

New Zeal and

Greece

reland .Aust ria France

enmark Germany . Canad a elgium

Finland

Portuga l.

U orse

e l th nd soc i l problems re worse i n more un e qu l coun tries


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THE EQ U LITY TRU S Tou rce: W ilkinson P ickett , TheSpirit Leve l 200 9

National income per person )

3 3 5 45

Sweden

Norway Switzerland

Belgium

.FinlandNeth erlan1s

ImprisonmentTeen age birthsTrustObesity

Mental illness inc . drug andaicobo l addiction)Socia l mobility

Homicides

justralia Austria

Cana da Denm ark

FranceGennany

t ly Spain

LifeexpectancyMaths literacyInfant mo rtality

Index includes:

IrelandNew Ze alan d

Greece

U

Portugal

USA.

Better

Worse

e lth nd soci l problem s re not rel te d to ver ge inc om ein rich countrie s


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TH QU LITY TRUSTou rce: W ilkins on P ickett , The S pirit Le vel 2009

Low

tt r

R SC G KYTXNVNC

NM C M O OK N MI Z MDDENYOR RI NJ S O CT

W M T MD

NH VTMN

Income inequa lityHigh

K

l

S ors

e a lth a nd s ocia l problems a re worse i n mo re un e qu a l U s ta tes


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TH Q U LITY TRUSTou rce: W ilkins on P ickett , The Spir it Le vel 2009

3

T

1 5

OR H I_ RI1 KS V

C O

WIWAUT N E

SO ME

M T IA MA

N O VT MN N H

2 25

Inc ome per person )

B e tt e r

N V

Fl MI C A

L K O E

NM WV O

NC

O IN

NVNG

X

C

l Sorse

Heal th and soc ia l problems a re o nly weakly re la ted to averageincome in US states


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THE EQU LITY TRU STource: W ilkinson Pic kett , TheSpirit Leve l 200 9

HighIncome inequalityow

UKorse

New Zea land

Israel

Austra lia France

Portuga l

Canada Italy Ireland Greeceustria

Belgium

Swi tzerland Spain

Japan

Finland

0 62p value


13/38 TH QU LITY TRU S Tource: W ilkinson Pic ke tt, TheSpirit Leve l 200 9

45

Nationa l income per person )

5

Worse

New Zealand

Israe l

USA

France.

Australiaapan

Ireland Austria Porrugal

Canada lg iomItalyGerman y

Greece

NorwaySwitzerlandDenmark Spain

Swede n

Nethe rlands

Finland

Better

h ild we llbe ing is u nrel te d to ve r ge i ncomes in rich cou ntries


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THE EQU LITY TRUSTou rce : Wilkinson P ickett , The Spir it Le vel 2009

HighIncome inequa lityow

o

Portugal

Greece

Irelandelgium

AustnJ ia

Fran ce

USA.

Switzerla ndCanada .

Germany Austria. Spain

Japan

New Zealand

Q

J 4 c

Q

aoQato

~

etherlands Denmark

Sweden

Norway

Finland

0.66p value


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THE E QU LITY TRU S Tource: Wilkinson P ickett , TheSpirit Lev e l 2009

Income inequa lity

e NCe AR

KYee rxe wv

e sc

e OH

High

e M S

e L

e CT

r 0 70p value


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THE EQUALITY TRU S Tou rce : Wilkinson P ickett , TheSpirit Leve l 200 9


S

t aly

SpainGermany Japan

Belgium

Netherlands

France

0 73p value


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THE EQU LITY TRU S Tou rce: W ilkins on P ickett , Th e S pirit Leve l 200 9

0 63

p value


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TH QU LITY TRU S Tource: Wilkinson P ickett , Th e S pirit Leve l 2009


76 Portugal

Denmark

USA Ireland

8 Sweden

Spain _Canada Israel Switze rland Australiac: France

Italyl

Austria Ql Germany

J7 8 Finland

Neth erlands Singapor e

r= 0 44p value 0 04Japan

8

ife expect ncy is longer in more equ l rich countrie s


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THE EQUA LITY TRU S Tource: W ilkinson Pic kett , TheSpirit Leve l 200 9

Income inequalityHighow

Singapore .

Japan Sweden

Norway Finla nd

France

Spain

Italy

Belgium

Austria . Switzerland

Cana da

Usrae l Denmar k

PortugalNew Zea land Ireland

= 42

p value

0.04

USA

n f nt mort lity r tes re h ighe r in more une qu l countr ies

c

e c ~ 5

L..Qac

4JQ0

C~

6

7


20/38=THE EQUALITY TRU S Tourc e : Wilkinson P ickett , Th e S pirit Lev el 2009


Japan

Swi tzerla nd

Italy

Canada Spai n

Netherlan ds

Belgium Norway

~wede n

New ZealandDen mark A ustna

Portuga l

Gennany

Irelan d

UK

inland2 < G

~

0 S 7p value =


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THE EQUA LITY TRU S Tource: W ilkinson Pic ke tt, TheSpi rit Le ve l 200 9

HighIncome ineq ua lityow

Low

Israel

Greece

Portugal

Italy

Spain

USA orway

Denm ark A

Germanyusma

Swi tzerland

Ireland

Franceweden

Austral iaNew Zealand

Canada

ethe rlands

Japan

e

O.,

0 5

E

.

., c

r = 0 45p value 0 04Finland

High

d uc tion l scores re h ighe r in more e qu l r ich countrie s


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= THE EQ UALITY TRUST

T

l

S ou rce: W ilkins on P ickett , The S pirit Le vel 2009

Low10

High

NY

r = 79

p value =


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THE EQU LITY TRUSTou rce: W ilkins on P ickett , The Spir it Le vel 2009


Italy Switzerl and

Fran ce Spain

Netherlands

Greece

L

aV>

s

iii

Portugal

0

~ 30

~

2

o

Uew Zealand

Austria

orway

BelgiumFinlan d Denma rk

0 73p value


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=T HE EQ U ALITY TRU S Tou rce: W ilkinson P ickett , Th e S pirit Lev el 2009

A K

40 UT e VA

WA M I

~

PA RI W I N E NY

IA MT

NJ

cr30 M N N D ME

M A

N H T

20low Income in eq uality High

Qa

co eo

~

0C

ii5

C A WV

I N

AZ

Y 0

Q

~eQ

E~

8

If>

SC. O K

D E

LAlIl N M

GA T NNV

r = 0.48

p value =


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THE E QUALITY TR USTour ce: W ilkinso n P ickett , The Spir it Le ve l 200 9


Singapo re

ustralia

Nethe rlands .Greece UK Germany ~witzerland New Zealand

Ireland

Spai n

wedenBelgium _

r:; enmarkA ustna

Japan Norway

Israel.

ortugalinland

4,Q

Q

0

v

0.47p value 0_02

USA

60

omici de r tes re higher in m ore u ne qu l r ich co un tries


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THE E QUALITY TRU STource: W ilkinson P ickett , The Spir it Le ve l 200 9

r 0 42 p value


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THE EQ UALITY TRUSTou rce: W ilkins on P ickett , The Spir it Le vel 2009


Sweden

inlan d.Low

German y.

Netherlands

witzerland

Denmark

Norway

Ireland

Portugal

Greece .

c:c France

fl ustriaBelgium

0.62

p value


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TH E E QUALITY TR US Tou rce: W ilkinson P ickett , TheSpir it Lev el 2009


Gre ece

Norw ay Japan

50

Austria

Portugal

o

c0

gNew Zea land50

U SA400

r = 0 75p value =


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THE EQ U LITY TRUSTou rce: W ilkins on P ickett , The Spir it Le vel 2009

HighIncome i neq ua lityow

800 eath penalty :Red retaine d

Blue abolishe drx Lr 0 48

OK p value


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T HE E Q U LIT Y T RU STou rce: W ilkinson P ickett , The Spir it Le vel 2009


Low

S

Norw ay

wede nFInland Den mark Canad a

High 93

p value = < 1

oci l mobility is lower in more un e qu l co untries


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THE EQUALITY TRU S Tou rce : Wilkinson P ickett , The S pirit Leve l 200 9

2S

C02 emiss ions me tric tons per cap ita

5

Botsw ana So uth Africa

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

Russia

lcraine

Sa udi Arabia

K uw ait .USA

Austr aliaanada

Japan .

Costa Rica UK. Nor way reland

_ tI Libya~. \A... ..

70 ~

.

...

Over deve lope d countries? High life expe ctancy ca n b eachieved w ith low CO 2 em iss ions


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THE E QUALITY TRU S Tource: Wilkinson P ickett , TheSpir it Lev e l 2009

HighIncome ineq ua lityow

1

taly Australia Por tugal

Spain USA UK

c:eQ

1Q>

6 >5

>

Qa ::

SwitzerlandGermany

0 82

p value


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TH QU LITY TRU S Tource: Wilkinson P ickett , TheSpir it Lev e l 2009

B lairajorhatc h er

r-o-

0~ 1. 4

:~

j

.; 00

1. 2

ccOJOJ

~

..0

>Ceoc

ina

Tren ds in UK income ine qu a lity 979 2 5 6


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T H Q U LITY TRUSTource:W ilkinson P ickett , The Spir it Le ve l 2009

Clintonusheaganarter Bushord

Or-o-

0 1.4~Q

:~

j

.; 00

1.2

c OJOJ

~Q

..0

>Ceoc

ina

Trends in US incom e inequa lity 1975 2 5


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THE EQU LITY TRU S Tou rce: W ilkins on P ickett , TheSpir it Lev el 2009

Pol itics should now be abo ut the quality of soci al rela tions and how w e ca ndeve lop ha rmonious and s usta inable societ ies

The rich de ve loped soc ie ties ha ve re a ched a turning po int in hum a n his tory


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www equ litytrust org uk

TH QU LITY TRUST


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N

Prisoners per 100.00 01997 8. U S D e pa rt m ent of Justice

Hom idde ra te per 100.00 01999FB I

Sirths per 10 0 0 w o m e n age d 1519 years

2000US National i Statistics

Combined average of m th s and reading scores for 8 gradet S2003US Department of Educatio n. National Center for Educa tion Stansocs e verse oded

Av er ag e n um be r o ( d a ysin paS t m onth when mental h e al th w a s t good199 3 - 2001. B RF S S

Pe rcentage of the population with BM I >30. averaged for m en and women .19992002Estim.tes from rof Ezzati. Harvard University. based on NHAN ES . dB RF S S surveys

Deams in the first ye.r of life per 100 0 hv e births2002US Nat ional C en te r for H ea lth St atistic s

life expectancy at birt h t men and women2000U S Cen sus Bcreau. Population. Di vision R a ve rs e c od e d

P er ce nt o fpeople w ho respond positively to the st.tem en t m oS t p eo ple n truSted 1999

G.oera l Sodal Survey R evers e c o de d

US state data

Corre la tion between famer and so n s i nc om e30 yea r period data fno m8 cohort srudie sLondon Sc hool of Economics

Log of pri soners per 10 0.00 0United Nations

Homi ci de rate per 100.00 0Period average for 199 02000United Nations

Births per 100 0 wom en aged 1519 years

19 98UNICEF

C ombine d av erage of m aths literacy an d rea ding literacy scores of ISyear aids2000OECD PISA R e ve r se codt i

Prevalence of mcntailitnes s20 012003WHO

2002Internation ol Obesity Taskforce

wo n

Percentage of the populauon with B MI >30 . average d for men and

Dea ths in the first y ear of life per 100 0 live births2000W orldS.nk

Life expectancy at birth for m en a n d w o m e n2004United Nations Human Development Repon R e ver s e c od e d

Perc ent of people who ~spond poSl~ the statement m ostpe ople can be t Sled 19992001

W orld Values Survey R e vers e codt i

ntema tlonal data

Soda l mob il it y

Imposonmen.

Homkides

Teena ge birth rate

Education

Mental health

Obesrty

Infan t moru lit)

life expectanCy

Tru st

ompone nt

Sources of data for the ind ex of health and soci al prob lems


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Enkele grafieken uit: The Spirit Level

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