oobyfvlt,fht obuyb ,fdidt,bcsdbcff ufvbpyekb&

vbcb vbpfybf^ smdty itbcofdkjs lf xfodlts

flfvbfybc ,eyt,fib fhct,ek cbvidtybthtc& obuybc

vj]ekj,f v]bhtf^ vfuhfv udwthf^ hjv smdtyb ]j-

lybc^ uh.yj,t,bcf lf fphjdyt,bc xfvj'fkb,t,fib vy-

bidytkjdfy odkbkc itbnfyc& fv obuyib smdty bgj-

dbs cfcfhut,kj ]yj,t,c^ hjvtksf itcofdkfcf]

hovtyf vjbs[jdc lf hjvkbsf] qvthsbc cf[tkbs

vjybzt,ek idt,fc^ qvthssfy vbf[kjt,bc .fkfc bu-

h.yj,s& cbn'dbcf lf m]tdbc thsbfyj,bc 'dtkfpt rf-

hub vjltkbc^ jwf[bcf lf cfpjufljt,hbdb ][jdh-

t,bc cf'hltybc - pytj,bc ghby]bgt,c xfodlt,bs lf

smdtyb ]yj,bcvj'dfhtj,bcfsdbc lfvf[fcbfst,tk c[df

rbs[dt,cf] ufc]tvs gfce[c& udwthf^ hjv rbs[dbcfc

xfeabmhlt,bs lf itbvt]yt,s^ se hbc ufrtsd,fc

vjbs[jdc xdtyufy qvthsb lf bct vjbm]tdbs^

hjujh] qvthsc vjtojyt,f^ vbc vbth frh.fkekbc

ufrtst,fc vjthblt,bs&

xdtyb s[jdyff^ smdty v[jkjl cbrtsbc rtst,f

ufub[fhlts lf ,jhjnt,fc upf itevjrkjs^ flfvb-

fybc uekb bctsb afmbpb eylf b'jc^ hjv zbfyzdtk-

fcf] rb vjthbljc& ][jdht,fib egbhfntcj,f v[jk-

jl cbrtstc vbfybzjs - tcff xdtyb gfce[cbvut,kj,f

lf smdty] qvthsbc obyfit fv gfce[bcvut,kj,bs ey-

lf b'js& smdtyb udwthf lf lbl bvtlt,cf] dfv'fh-

t,s smdtypt&

dianeTis saqmeTa sammarTvelos gamomcemloba

xtvc cfhoveyjt,fc

dcofdkj,

lbfytsbc cfmvtsf cfvvfhs-

dtkjc ufvjv]tvkj,f% 625

cf,fdidj obuyt,b% 159

ntmcnt,bc itvlutykt,b%

fhafckfy lehveib

/fnbwt bibkfrb

bkbfc fckfyb

ythbvfy ujmxtujp rfhfstmbyb

uhfabrbc vjynf;b%

tlfv lf ve/fvvtl

yeh fy,fhkb

uhfabrbc itvchekt,kt,b%

f/vtl mfhfsfib

tvbyt mfktkb

bcvfbk /f''b ueh,tsxb

gtlfujubehb rjyceknfynb%

tlfvb

bkecnhf]bf

sehues bkvfpbcf

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sehmtsbc lbfytsbc ajylbc

cfufvjv]tvkj cnfv,f

cfdfzhj cfmvtsf

cfvvfhsdtkj^ fyrfhf

ntk& (0312) 354 91 31

fyrfhf^ bdkbcb 2004

ISBN 975-19-3595-4

sfhuvyf%

igc @sfhwbvfyvf# m& ,fsevb^

mesfbcbc m& ~19

o b y f c b n ' d f j , f

cf'dfhtkj ,fdidt,j!

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mfdc& tc obuyb fv cb'dfhekc ufvj[fnfdc lf

vfssdbcff ufyresdybkb^ dby] cofdkbc fsd-

bct,bc cfertstcj [fyfib lfepfhtkbf&

bckfvb fkfvfpt,c lf frtsbkij,bkt,c xd-

tyc cekc& fkkf/bc cb'dfhekbcf lf rtsbkb

pytj,bc it.tyf cofdkbsff itcf.kt,tkb& v[j-

kjl vfiby dbmyt,bs qvthsbc hxtekyb& obyfv-

lt,fht obuyb ,fdidt,bcsdbcff ufvbpyekb& vbcb

vbpfybf^ smdty itbcofdkjs lf xfodlts flfvb-

fybc ,eyt,fib fhct,ek cbvidtybthtc& obuybc

vj]ekj,f v]bhtf^ vfuhfv udwthf^ hjv smd-

tyb ]jlybc^ uh.yj,t,bcf lf fphjdyt,bc xfvj-

'fkb,t,fib vybidytkjdfy odkbkc itbnfyc& fv

obuyib smdty bgjdbs cfcfhut,kj ]yj,t,c^

hjvtksf itcofdkfcf] hovtyf vjbs[jdc lf

hjvkbsf] qvthsbc cf[tkbs vjybzt,ek idt-

,fc^ qvthssfy vbf[kjt,bc .fkfc buh.yj,s&

cbn'dbcf lf m]tdbc thsbfyj,bc 'dtkfpt rfhub

vjltkbc^ jwf[bcf lf cfpjufljt,hbdb ][jdh-

t,bc cf'hltybc - pytj,bc ghby]bgt,c xfodlt,-

bs lf smdtyb ]yj,bcvj'dfhtj,bcfsdbc lf-

vf[fcbfst,tk c[df rbs[dt,cf] ufc]tvs gfce[c&

udwthf^ hjv rbs[dbcfc xfeabmhlt,bs lf it-

bvt]yt,s^ se hbc ufrtsd,fc vjbs[jdc xdtyufy

qvthsb lf bct vjbm]tdbs^ hjujh] qvthsc

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vjthblt,bs&

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kjs^ flfvbfybc uekb bctsb afmbpb eylf b'-

jc^ hjv zbfyzdtkfcf] rb vjthbljc& ][jdht-

,fib egbhfntcj,f v[jkjl cbrtstc vbfybzjs

- tcff xdtyb gfce[cbvut,kj,f lf smdty] qvt-

hsbc obyfit fv gfce[bcvut,kj,bs eylf b'js&

smdtyb udwthf lf lbl bvtlt,cf] dfv'fht,s

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sarCevi

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rfhb gbhdtkb

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rfhb vtjht

1& qvthsbc v,h.fyt,kj,fib v‘jab

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2& &qdsbehb ]jlybc o’fhjt,b% ovbylf obuyt,b 12

3& qvthsbc ufvjupfdybkb hxtekb obyfv.qdht,b%

iefvfdkt,b 13

4& fv mdt’ybc vbqvf _ cfbmbj ][jdht,f 15

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vfh[df 28

rfhb vtcfvt

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2& cbovbylbcfrty vupfdhj,f _ /fwb 33

py tj, f

rfhb gbhdtkb

1& bckfvb kfvfpb pytj,ff 38

2& .dbhafcb ve/fvvtl iefvfdfkb^

hjujh] pytj,bc o’fhj 40

rfhb vtjht

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hovtyf

@@//ttbb^̂ vvjjhhoovveeyyttyyjj!!

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ddbbyy]] eeffhh//''jjaacc ffkkkkff//cc^̂

vvbbcc ffyyuuttkkjjpptt,,cc^̂ vvbbcc

llff oobbuuyytt,,cc^̂ vvbbcc iieeffvvffdd-

kktt,,cc eerrffyyffrryyttkk llqqttcc^̂

eerrddtt ]]lleeyytt,,eekkbbff

eerrbblleehhttccbbcc ]]lleeyytt,,bbss&&

(cehf mfkt,b-yybcf

fbfsb% 136)

iittbbccooffddkktt^̂ uuffvvjjbbrrddkkbbtt ^̂ bbaabbmmhhtt

1& fv cbn'dt,bc vybidytkj,t,b rfh-

ufl itbcofdkts lf lfbvf[cjdhts^

xfbothts e,bc obuyfrib lf fh lfbd-

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vevbyb (vjhoveyt)^ bckfvb^ veckb-

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2& 'jdtklqbeh cfcfe,hj tyfpt

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t,ekb% fkkf/b^ fyutkjpb^ 'ehfyb^

iefvfdfkb^ cfbmbj^ ufyrbs[dbc lqt

('bfvtsb)& fv cbn'dt,bc ufvj'tyt,bc vb-

ptpbc itcf[t, fv[fyfut,sfy thsfl bv-

cwtkts&

3& htkbubbc reknehbcf lf ,fdi-

dsf pytj,hbdb fqphlbc itcf[t, ,td-

hb obuyb brbs[ts&

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fpt .bhbsflb afmnjhb fphjdy-

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flfvbfybcfsdbc 'dtkfpt cfzbhj cekbthb cfhxj

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itvltu vbfqotdc flfvbfyb yfvldbk ,tlybtht,fcf

lf cbvidbltc& hovtyf^ tzdbc ufhtit lfwtht,f lf

ylj,ff&

flfvbfyb^ hjvtkb] bofvt,c^ vjhoveyt (vevbyb)

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tyse#-ibf xfvjsdkbkb&

se rb @ffvtyse# fh b]bs^

eahjct,bcfufy bcofdkts&

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rrffhhbb ggbbhhddttkkbb

elbltcb ufvxtyb$fkkf/b

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uueekkcc ccbbccoojjhhbbccffrrttyy

vvbbvvffhhssffddcc&& ffkkkkff//bb ''ddttkkffaahhbbcc

qqbbhhcctteekkffll vv]]jjllyyttff&&##

(cehf stf,eyb^ fbfsb 11)

hovtybc cfae.dkt,bc ]tynhc @fkkf-

/bc hovtyf# itflutyc& fkkf/bc hovtyf

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((ffkkkkff//cc))

vvffssbbss&& ((ccffeerrttssttccjj

ccff[[ttkktt,,bbss))##

(cehf fhfab-vfqkj,yb

fbfsb 180)

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fkkf/bc sdbct,t,b (tgbstnt,b)

fkkf/b^ hjvtkb] udofvc lf cb'dfhekbs vjdb[ctybt,s^ 'dtkfpt

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yfvldbkb gfnhjyb bcff&

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uufthsbfyt,ekb sdbct,t,b pjuuflb [fcbfsbcff&&

gbhflb tgbstnt,b ce,esb * tgbstnt,b

dewelb

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hfbvtpt lf dbyvtpt

lfvjrblt,ekb fhff

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bc erdlfdbf^ vbc ufhlf 'dtkfathb

lhjt,bsbf& vfy 'dtkf lf 'dtkfathb b]bc& vfc

fhfathb lftvfkt,f& xdtyib fhct,ekb abmht,b

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'dtkfathb thsvfytssfyff itho'vekb&

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ffhhcctt,,tt,,bbcc uuffxxttyybbcc vvbbppyybbcc iittccff[[tt,,&& vvffss

iijjhhbbcc ssee ffhhbbcc bbccttssbb^̂ hhjjvvttkkbb]] ssmmddttyybb

ffpphhbbss^̂ nn''eebbkkffllffff uuffxxttyybbkkbb?? ffvv ccffrrbbss[[pptt

ffvv[[ffyyffuutt,,ssffyy bbvvccwwttkkttss&& iitttt]]ffllttss

ffqqvvjjxxbbyyjjss ''ddttkkff ffhhcctt,,bbcc uuffxxttyybbcc vvbbppttppbb&&

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ffkkkkff//bbcc ccff[[ttkkbbss&&&&&&

bvbcfsdbc^ hjv dbofvjs fkkf/b^ fe]bkt,kfl

eylf udb'dfhltc bc& cb'dfhekb rb vfhnj cbn'-

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flfvbfyvf^ hjvtkvf] b]bc^ hjv vfc fkkf/b 'jd-

tksdbc [tlfdc^ cfresfhb vjmvtlt,bs fkkf/bc

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lf[vfht,fc dbs[jds&& fkkf/sfy xdtyc 'jayfc dflfcneht,s

fkkf/bc ufycfresht,ek cf[tksfufy idblb vfsu-

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hts& vfufkbsfl^ ity /fabpb (lfv]fdb) [fh^ xtvj

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lfvb]fdb&#

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/vffybhhf/bbv

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10

mmddttvvjjss vvjj]]ttvveekkbbff ''jjddttkkllqqbbeehh vvttnn''ddttkktt,,ffiibb [[iibbhhffll

uuffvvjj''ttyytt,,eekkbb ffaajjhhbbppvvtt,,bb llff uuffvvjjyyffssmmddffvvtt,,bb&& uuffhhiittvvjjvv''jjaassff

llff[[vvffhhtt,,bbss ttcc ccbbff uuffffaaffhhssjjttss^̂ hhffnnjjvvffff ffvv uuffvvjjyyffssmmddffvvtt,,ccff llff

ffaajjhhbbppvvtt,,iibb ccbbnn''ddff

* fkkf/b# [ibhfl

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fv[fyfut,sfy bvcwtkts&

* fkkf/vf ltlbfy vfvbfyb

ufupfhljc!

* fkkf/vf vjsvbyt,bc eyfhb

vju]ts!

* fkkf/vf cf'dfhtkc itu'fhjs!

* fkkf/vf ,fhfmf vju]ts!

* se rb fkkf/b ths rfhc

lfubrtnfdc^ vtjhtc ufubqt,c!

* xbnb^ hjvtkb] dth ahbyfdc^

fkkf/b vfc lf,fk njnc vbex-

tyc!

* fkkf/b fvfuc fh lfubrfhufdc!

* fkkf/vf se vju]f^e][j vjb-

nfyc^ ybfqdfhb vjbnfyc^ mfhb

vjbnfyc!

* fkkf/vf cbrtst vju]ts!

* uafhfdlts fkkf/b!

* fkkf/bc yfsmdfvb fcheklt,f!

* fkkf/vf cbvidblt vju]ts!

* fkkf/vf f][jyjc!

* hj]f fkkf/b vj'dfht

ut'jkt,f^ [vfkb [bcf] hjv

b'jc^ ufzhbc!

* fkkf/c flfvbfybcfsdbc thsb

gbhb lf jhb 'ehb vbe]bf^

hfsf thsb smdfc lf jhb ufbu-

jyjcj!

* utibyjltc fkkf/bc!

* fkkf/b thsb^ cbn’df thsb!

* fkkf/b thsb^ iefvfdfkb

cfvfhskbfyb^ ,flfub ifdb^ vfo-

jyb stshb!

* se rb fkkf/b lft[vfht,f

sfdbc vjyf-vcf[ehc^ 'dtkfathb

hbupt bmyt,f!

flfvbfyc^ hjvtkcf] fkkf/b cofvc

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bc vfhnjj,bcfc^ bct hjujh] c[dt,sfy thsfl^ gfnbjcyfl lf qbhctek-

fl bm]tdf^ thsuekbf^ dby] b]bc^ hjv fkkf/b cfvfhskbfybf lf cbvfh-

skbc smvf e'dfhc^ bc dbyvtc ecfvfhskjl fh vjtm]tdf lf fh] ecfvfh-

skj,bc obyfit vjb[hbc mtlc&

ª dby] b]bc^ hjv fkkf/c 'dtkf dtlht,f tcvbc^ bc 'jdtksdbc

fkkf/c vbtylj,f lf ittrtlkt,f^ 'dtkfyfbhb cb.ytkbc lfcf.ktdfl

.fkf vjtvfnt,f&

ª dby] b]bc ufxtybc vbpfyb - cfblfy vjlbc lf cfbs vblbc^ bc sfdc

bvtlbfyfl uh.yj,c&

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11

rrffhhbb vvttjjhhtt

1& fkkf/bc v,h'fyt,kj,fib v'jabcekbthb vjcfvcf[ehtt,b$

fyutkjpt,b

fkkf/bc vbth cbyfskbcfufy ufxtybk

lf sdfkbs e[bkfd fhct,t,c fyutkjp-

t,b (vtktmb-vtkfbmt) /mdbf& fyutkjpt,b

fh zfvty lf fh cdfvty^ vfs cmtcj,hbdb

vjs[jdyt,b fh f[fcbfst,s& fkkf/bc ,h-

.fyt,t,c e'j'vfyjl fchekt,ty^ lqbcbsf

lf qfvbs ufyeo'dtnkbd fkkf/c f[ctyt-

,ty^ vjhoveytsfsdbc qvthsc tdtlht,bfy&

'dtkf vfsufyc c[dflfc[df vjdfktj,f fr-

bchbf^ vfsb pecnb hb][db v[jkjl fk-

kf/vf b]bc& xdtysdbc ]yj,bkbf js[b fy-

utkjpb% wt,hfbkb^ vbmfbkb^ bchfabkb

lf fphfbkb&

@@llff^̂ffkkkkff//cc ssff''ddffyycc

cc]]ttvvcc vvbbooffvvlltt

ssffddllff[[hhbbss ((ccttwwllttcc

ee..qqddyybbcc))^̂ hhff]]ff

ffhhbbffyy ]]ffssffccff iibbyyff

llff llttllffvvbbooffcc ppttllff

cceekkbbtthhssffuuffyybb llff

ffyyuuttkkjjpptt,,bb]]

((vvttkkffbbmmtt,,bb]])) llff

bbccbbyybb hhjjllbb mmttllvvttll-

bblleehhjj,,ttyy!!&&&&&&

(cehf yf/kb-aenrfhb&

fbfsb 49)

ffllffvvbbffyycc^̂ hhjjvvttkkccff]] ccooffvvcc ffyyuuttkkjjpptt,,bb^̂ vvffyy

ª b]bc^ hjv fhfclhjc vfhnj fhff& fkkf/b vfc vafhdtkb

fyutkjpt,bc vtidtj,bs 'jdtksdbc lf 'dtkufy b]fdc&

ª b]bc^ hjv vothfkb fyutkjpt,b vbcsdbc (mbhfvty

mffsb,by) vbc 'dtkf rfhucf lf ]el cfmvtc cothty^

fvbnjv eahj 'ehflqt,bs bm]tdf&

ª b]bc^ hjv fyutkjpt,b vbcsdbc qvthsc tdtlht,bfy^

fvbnjv sdbsjyf] vbcsdbc lf 'dtkf veckbvfybcsdbc

qvthsc tdtlht,f&

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12

qdsbehb wjlybco.fhjt,b$

ovbylf obuyt,b

ovbylf obuyt,b^ bctsb obuyt,bf^ hjvkt,b]

vjdktybkbf flfvbfyt,bcfsdbc lf itb]fdty

fkkf/bc othbkt,c^ ,h.fyt,t,c lf frh.fkd-

t,c& tc obuyt,b fvmdt'yfl cbrtsbc^ cbvfhsk-

bc^ cbkfvfpbc it]yj,bc lf ]elbcfufy lfafh-

dbc vbpybs fkkf/bc vbth flfvbyt,bcfsdbc ,j-

.t,ekb cojhb upbc vfxdtyt,tkbf& tc obuyt,-

bf% stdhfsb (sjhf)^ pt,ehb (acfkveyt,b)^

bywbkb (cf[fht,f) lf 'ehfyb& ovbylf obuyt,b^

hf] ufyc[dfdt,ek lhjcf lf ufyc[dfdt,ek

[fk[sfsdbc b'jc ufhlvjdktybkb^ 'dtkf

ths ufvj.f[bkc bcf[fdc vbpyfl% cfqb hovtyf^

cojhb mvtlt,f^ rfhub pytj,f& fv obuysfufy

pjuyb ufhrdtekb cfpjufljt,bcfsdbc^ [jkj

,jkj obuyb 'ehfyb rb chekbfl rf]j,hbj-

,bcsdbcff ufhlvjdktybkb& fkkf/bc ,jkj

othbkb 'ehfyb^ hjvtkb] ltlfvbobc lfcfch-

ekfvlt vjmvtlt,fib bmyt,f^ xdtyc cf'dfhtk

ve/fvvtl iefvfdfkc ufvjtupfdyf& c[df obuysf

jhbubyfkt,b fqfh fhct,j,c& 'ehfyb (bctf

itvjyf[ekb)^ thsb fcj,uthf] rb fhff it]d-

kbkb lf mdt'ybc lfcfchekfvlt ite]dktk-

fl uffuh.tkt,c fhct,j,fc& ltlfvbofpt obuy-

sfufy 'dtkfpt [ibhfl 'ehfyb brbs[t,f^ hf-

lufy vbcb rbs[df] qdsbcvcf[eht,ff&

@@&&&&&&ffkkkkff//vvff vvjjffdd-

kkbbyyff iieeffvvffddffkkbb

vvff[[ffhhjj,,kkffll llff

vvffaahhss[[bbkktt,,kkffll llff

vvffssssffyy tthhssffllddtt

uuffhhllvvjjffddkkbbyyff

zzttiivvffhhbbnntt,,bbcc oobbuuyybb^̂

ffllffvvbbffyyssff iijjhhbbcc

eessffyy[[vvjjtt,,ffssff

uuffllffccffoo''ddttnnffll&&&&&&##

(cehf ,f'fhf-aehb^

fbfsb 213)

tt..bbttss^̂ ffkkkkff//bbcc vvbbtthh uuffhhllvvjjddkkttyybbkk

oobbuuyyssffuuffyy ''eehhffyypptt ffllhhtt ffhhcctt,,eekkbb oobbuuyytt,,bb

hhjjvvttkk iieeffvvffddffkkcc uuffvvjjttuuppffyyff!!??

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13

3& ltlfvbofpt vjdktybkb fkkf/bc hxtekyb$ iefvfdkt,b

@@llff ffhh vvjjuuddbbddkkttyybbff

iieeffvvffddkkyybb cc[[ddff hhffvv

vvbbppyybbss^̂ ssee ffhhff

vvff[[ffhhjj,,kkffll llff uuffcc-

ffaahhss[[bbkktt,,kkffll^̂ [[jjkkjj

ddbbyy]] bbhhoovveeyyff llff rrttss-

bbkkbb //mmvvyyff^̂ ffhh ttmmvvyyttss

vvffss iibbiibb llff ffhh]]ff

llffvvooee[[hhllyyttyy&&##

(cehf cfmjytkb-tyffvb^

fbfsb 48)

ffllffvvbbffyyvvff^̂ hhjjvvttkkvvff]] bbooffvvff oobbuuyytt,,bb&&&&&&

ª b]bc^ hjv fkkf/b flfvbfyt,c fvmdt'ybeh

][jdht,fib vfhnjl fh lfnjdt,c lf vfs cojh

upfc exdtyt,c&

ª ]lbkj,c^ hjv fkkf/bc

othbkb ufbujc lf

itfchekjc&

ª fkkf/bc obuyt,c

rbs[ekj,c lf b]bc^ hjv

hfcf] rbs[ekj,c^cekbth

cbvidbltc f.ktdc lf cekc

]elb phf[dt,bcfufy fsfdbceakt,c&

ª b]bc^ hjv hj]f 'ehfyc fbqt,c [tkib^ vbc

vcufdcfl vbkbjyj,bs flfvbfyb bubdt obuyc

rbs[ekj,c lf fvbs thsbfyj,bc^ vskbfyj,bc

uh.yj,t,b .kbthlt,f&

‘ehffyb

c[dflfc[df lhjc cojhb upbc vfxd-

tyt,kfl ufvjupfdybkb obuyt,b

flfvbfyt,bcfsdbc bjkfl ufcfut,b lf

itcfchekt,tkb hjv 'jabkb'j^

fkkf/vf iefvfdkt,b vjfdkbyf& vfs

fkkf/bc othbkbc f[cybc^ cofdkt,bcf

lf itchekt,bc vjdfktj,f eyfrkjl

itfchektc& bcbyb ][jdht,bc 'dtkf

cathjib cfvfufkbsjyb b'dyty&

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14

bbccooffddkkttss ''eehhffyyiibb vvjj[[ccttyybbtt,,eekkbb iieeffvvffdd-

kktt,,bbcc ccff[[ttkktt,,bb^̂ uuffvvjjbbrrddkkbbttss llqqttcc ffvv

ccff[[ttkkssffuuffyy hhjjvvkktt,,bb uuffvvjjbb''ttyytt,,ff&&

iefvfdkt,vf vjhoveyt lf rtsbkbcv'jatkb flfvb-

fyt,bcfsdbc uflvjcf]tvb kfvfpb wbklj udf[fhtc&

vfs fkkf/bc ,h.fyt,t,bc itechekt,kj,bs vjcfkj-

lytkb ]elb cbvgnjvt,bc itcf[t,f] ufycfresht,bs

ufudfahs[bktc& iefvfdkt,c htgenf]bbc ufvj egbhf-

ntcj,f /mjylfs vbybzt,ekb& fkkf/vf flfvbfyt,c .f-

kbfy ,tdhb iefvfdfkb vjedkbyf^ vfuhfv vfsufy 'e-

hfyib v[jkjl j]lf[esb iefvfdkbc cf[tkbf yf[ct-

yt,b&

fkkf/bc 'dtkfpt ,jkj othbkbc - 'ehfybc xdty-

fvlt vjvnfyb ,jkj iefvfdfkb xdtyb cf'dfhtkb ve-

/fvvtlbf& bc fkkf/bc vbth vjdktybk iefvfdfksfufy

'dtkfpt ,jkjc vjdkbyt,ekbf rf]j,hbj,bc gfnhj-

yj,bcf lf vjo'fkt,bc vbcbbs& bc 'ehfybc ][jdht,fib

ufvnfht,tkb^ cfvfufkbsj flfvbfyb b'j&

ffllffvvbbffyybb^̂ hhjjvvttkkccff]] ccooffvvcc iieeffvvffddkktt,,bb&&&&&&

ª 'dtkf cathjib vfsufy bqt,c vfufkbsc&

ª ]lbkj,c^ hjv iefvfdfksf vcufdcfl vbcf,f.b

b'jc&

ª iefvfdfksf m]tdt,cf lf vjmvtlt,t,c

cofdkj,c lf ]lbkj,c bcbyb ][jdht,fib

ufvjb'tyjc&

ª b]bc^ hjv iefvfdkt,b 'dtkfc vbvfhs cfvfh

skbfyb b'dyty lf ]lbkj,c^ hjv sdbsjyf]

vfscfdbs cfvfhskbfyb b'jc&

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15

iittfflluubbyyttss uuffvvjjyyffssmmddffvvtt,,bb^̂ hhjjvvttkkiibb]] uuffyyrrbbss[[ddbbcc

((vvff//iitthhbbcc)) llqqtt bbmmyytt,,ff yyff[[ccttyytt,,bb&& bbvvccwwttkkttss ffvv[[ffyyffuutt,,ssffyy

vvffss iittccff[[tt,,^̂ ssee hhff aajjhhvvbbssffff bbccbbyybb uuffvvjj''ttyytt,,eekkbb&&

@@eettzzddttkkffll&& qqddss-

bbccvvjjiibbiiyybb ,,ffqqtt,,iibb llff

oo''ffhhjjtt,,ssffyy llffvvrrdd-

bbllhhlltt,,bbffyy&&&&&&

((llff^̂ vvffss ttnn''ddbbffyy))%%

@@iittllbbss bbmm^̂ vviiddbblljj,,bbssff^̂

eeccffaahhss[[jjyybb!!## llff^̂

ffqqvvjjddee[[ffggffddss ppbbppqqccff&&

vvffssccff uueekktt,,ssffccff iibbyyff

ffhhcctt,,eekkccff^̂ llff

..vvtt,,ffllmm]]tteekkyybb^̂ ggbbhh-

bbccggbbhh nnff[[nnccffhhtt]]kktt,,pptt

vvcc[[lljjvvffhhttyybb

((bbuuffyy]][[hhjjvvtt,,ttyy))&& ffhh

uuffttrrffhhtt,,ffss bbmm((iibb)) vvffss

llffqqkkbbkkjj,,ff llff

ffhh]]ffhhffccjjllttcc bbmmbbllffyy ffhh

bbmmyytt,,bbffyy bbccbbyybb

uuffvvjj//uuddhhbbkkyybb##&&

(cehf-/bwhb^

fbfsb 45-48)&

cb]j][kt]f lf cbrdlbkb] fkkf-

/vf lffotcf& 'dtkfathb^ hf] cekbt-

hbf ltlfvbofpt^ b,flt,f^ xylt,f^ ][j-

dhj,c lf rdlt,f& itvjlujvfpt ajsk-

t,b bo't,ty uf'dbskt,fc lf ]dtyfc* uf-

pfa[ekbc lflujvfcsfy thsfl [tt,b

bo't,ty ufvodfyt,fc^ f'dfdlt,bfy lf yf-

'jac b.ktdbfy& fctf flfvbfyt,b]& ths

lqtc 'dtkf flfvbfyb eylf vjrdltc^

vfuhfv cbrdlbkb 'dtkfahbc lfcfche-

kb fhff^ bc f[fkb^ ufyc[dfdt,ekb lf

vfhflbekb ][jdht,bc lfcfo'bcbf&

bct^ hjujh] 'dtkf fhct,f^ cfv'fh-

j]^ hjvtkib] xdty d][jdhj,s^ lfc-

hekt,flbf& cfv'fhjc lfchekt,fcf lf

ufyflueht,fc 'bfvtsbc lqt /mdbf&

'bfvtsbc vjcdkbc lhj fkkf/bc uf-

hlf fhfdby b]bc& bc vjekjlytkfl

vjdf& 'bfvtsbc itvlujvb gthbjlb cfbm-

bjc ][jdht,ff&

4& cfbmbj w[jdht,f

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16

fkkf/vf vbobthb ][jdht,f flfvbfysf ufvjcf]ltkfl uffxbyf&

fkkf/b vbcb ,h.fyt,t,bc itvchekt,kt,c lf fhfitvchekt,kt-

,cf] cfbmbjib cfvfhskbfyfl ufycwbc& fvmdt'ybehb ][jdht,f cf-

bmbjc cfvpflbcbf& xdtyc vbth ufrtsdt,ekvf cfmvtt,vf cfbmbj upf

eylf ufudbyfsjc& cfbmbj ][jdht,f 'dtkf xdtysfufybc [tkf[fkb

uf]j][kt,bcf lf cfvfhskbfyfl ufycwbc lqblfy bo't,f& ufcfv-

fhskt,bc (vf/ithbc) lqtc 'dtkf fkkf/bc obyfit ofhclut,f& fv-

mdt'yfl^ dbcf] v]bhtjltyb cbrtst fctdt seylf] v]bhtjltyb cb-

ukf[t ufertst,bf^ bm ‘jdtkbdt tctyb ufvjxylt,f&

bc^ dbyf] fvmdt'yfl fkkf/bc ,h.fyt,t,bc itcf,fvbcfl fh b][-

jdhf^ fh vjbyfybf lf fh tgfnbf^ lfcfcwtkfl wjwj[tsib ofdf&

bcbyb rb^ dby] fkkf/bc ,h.fyt,t,bc itcf,fvbcfl b][jdhtc^ yf-

bh-yfbhb wbkljt,bs^ 'jdtkudfhb [bkbsf lf cfhxjsb fqcfd-

ct cfvjs[tib b][jdht,ty& vfssdbc bm fh] vodtkb cb][tf lf

fh] ufv'byfdb cb]bdt& bc^ hf] sdfkt,c fv mdt’yfl yfyf[b fmdc

lf hf] cekcf] vjtcehdt,f^ cfvjs[tib 'dtkfahbs ufevfcg-

by.klt,bfy&

ffllffvvbbffyybb^̂ hhjjvvttkkccff]] ccffbbmmbbjj ccooffvvcc^̂ vvffyy

ª b]bc^ hjv 'dtkf vbcb cfm]btkb^ rfhubf se ]elbf^

feyfpqfeht,tkb (ufyerbs[fdb) fh lfhxt,f&

ª b]bc^ hjv cfvjs[tib vbcsdbc ufvpflt,ekb^ fkkf/bctekb

wbkljt,bc vbcfqt,fl vbcb ,h.fyt,t,bc itchekt,f

fe]bkt,tkbf

ª b]bc^ hjv fvmdt'ybehb ][jdht,f bctf^ hjujh] 'fyf^

cfbmbj rb vjcfdkbc fqt,bc lhj& fvbnjv fvmdt'ybehb

][jdht,bc 'dtkfpt rfhufl ufvj'tyt,fc ]lbkj,c&

ª b]bc^ hjv cecnbc vbth .kbthbcfufy fcfqt,bc fqt,bc lhj

etzdtkfl lflut,f* fvbnjv ecfvfhskjl fhfdbc fh

tm]tdf&

ccffvvjjss[[ttiibb ffkkkkff//vvff hhff ccff[[bbcc ccffhhxxjjtt,,bb

uubbyyllffss hhjjvv vvjjuuffhhssddffcc????

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17

5& qdsbcvbthb ewdktkb rfyjyt,b$,tlbcothf lf ufyut,f

fkkf/vf cfv'fhjc ufxtyfvlt b]jlf se hf^

hjlbc lf hfyfbhfl vj[lt,jlf& bvbnjv^hjv cfv-

'fhjc ufvxtyb lf vfcib 'dtkfahbc vnrb]tl ufy-

vcfpqdhtkb sdbsjyff& fkkf/vf flfvbfyb uffxbyf

lf vjmvtlt,bcf lf m]tdbc sfdbceakt,f vbc]f& fl-

fvbfybcfsdbc tc ufvj]lff^ cojh upfc fbhxtdc se

fhfcojhc& fkkf/vf b]bc^ flfvbfyb cfresfh m]-

tdfpt hf itltuc vbbqt,c& fkkf/bc vbth 'dtkfa-

thpt pjvbcf lf hbubc obyfcofh ufycfpqdhfc^ fl-

fvbfyt,bc itcf[t, 'dtkfahbc ]jlyfcf lf vfsb

][jdht,bc ofhvfhsdfc ,tlbcothf /mdbf^ [jkj fv

]jlybc ufy[jh]btkt,fc lf c[dflfc[df vjdktyt-

,bc vj[ltyfc _ ufyut,f&

llff^̂ ffhhff ffhhcc

ffhhhhff^̂ hhbbccbb

ccffuuffyy..eehhbb]] xxddttyy

ffhh uuffuuddffxxyyllttcc^̂

llff ((vvffbbyy]])) ffhh

uuffhhllvvjjddffddkkttyyss

vvffcc^̂ uuffyyccffppqqdd-

hheekk jjllttyyjj,,ffpptt

vvttnncc&&

(cehf /bwhb^

fbfsb 21)

dby] hovtybc utvc

uf'dt,f& uflfhxt,f

flfvbfyc^ hjvtkcf] cofvc

,tlbcothf&&&

ª cwthf^ hjv fkkf/vf

'dtkfathb b]bc lf vbc ufhtit

thsb ajsjkb] rb fh

ufby.htdf&

ª 'ehflqt,fc fm]tdc fkkf/bc

vbth cfv'fhjib xfvj'fkb,t,ek

ojyfcojhj,fc lf ]lbkj,c fh

lffhqdbjc bub&

ª b]bc^ hjv fkkf/vf 'dtkfathb

thsbfyb cbcntvbs uffxbyf lf

hjujh] fv cbcntvbc thsb

yfobkb^ itv[dtlhb cb.ytktt,bc

obyfit ,h.jkbcfc fkkf/c

vbtylj,f&

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18

hf/vfyb [fh* ufyehxtdkfl 'dtkfcb vjo'fkt [fh^ xdty itudbo'fkt&

hf/bvb [fh* ity vj'dfcsf cb'dfhekbs itvvrj,tkb [fh^ ityc

cf'dfhtksf hbut,ib vbudbqt

'ellecb [fh* 'jdtkudfh yfrkjdfyt,fsfufy ijhc [fh^ cb,bkobcfu-

fy ufudovbylt

ctkfvb [fh* 'jdtkudfhb cfahs[bcfufy lfv]fdb [fh^ ibibcfufy ufl-

fudfhxbyt

vevbyb [fh* uekt,pt ylj,bc vjvatyb [fh^ xdtyb itylfvb ylj,f

ufyfvnrb]t

fpbpb [fh* ecfchekj lf evfqktcb qbhct,bc gfnhjyb [fh^ xdty

eqbhcc ye ufu[dlb

vestmt,,bhb [fh* 'dtkfathpt lblb [fh^ vtlblehj,bcfufy lfudb]fdb

,ffhb [fh* 'dtkfathc thsvfytsbc itcfathc uffxty^ xdty fv sfy[vj,fc

ye xfvjudfijht,

vecfddbhb [fh* 'dtkf fhct,fc kfvfp ajhvfc f.ktd^ xdty fv cbkfvf-

pbc ityfhxeyt,bc .fkf vjudt]

qfaafhb [fh* .fkbfy^ .fkbfy^ vgfnbt,tkb [fh^ xdty ityb gfnbt,bc

ufhtit ye lfudnjdt,&

dt//f,b [fh* cfxemht,bc e[dfl vjv]tvb [fh^ xdty ityb cfxemht,bs

ufudf[fht

htppf'b [fh* 'dtkfpt cfhxjc vbv]tvb [fh^ xdtyc ceahfc eo'fkj,jl

ye lfnjdt,

atssf[b [fh* 'dtkfahbc ,jkjvlt ufvqt,b [fh^ ][dbhoby rfhc ye

lfudbrtnfd

fkbvb [fh* 'dtkfahbc chek'kabkfl v]jlyt [fh^ xdty e]jlby-

hj,bcfufy lfudbafht

ff,blb [fh* cehdbkbcfvt,h itvdbohjt,tkb [fh^ xdty ye itudfdbo-

hjdt,

,fcbsb [fh* cehdbkbcfvt,h ufvafhsjdt,tkb [fh^ xdty sfdbceakfl

vjudfsmvtdbyt cekb

‘ff,blb [fh* cehdbkbcfvt,h lfvvlf,kt,tkb [fh^ xdty ye

lfudfv]bht,

hfab [fh* cehdbkbcfvt,h fvvfqkt,tkb [fh^ xdty

fudfvfqkt

vebpb [fh* gfnbdbcf lf qbhct,bc vjv]tvb [fh^ xdty qbhct,f vjudt]

vepbkb [fh* lfvvlf,kt,tkb lf fhfhj,fl vm]tdb [fh^xdty fh lfud-

fvlf,kj

xtvj fkkf/j!

xtvj fkkf/j!

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19

ctvbb [fh* afhekb^ qbf^ 'dtkfyfbhb cbn'dbc vcvtytkb [fh^ xdty itypt

it[vbfyt,bcfufy ye lfudfijht,

,fcbhb [fh* 'dtkfathc vstkb cbafmbpbs [tlfd^ xdty cbafmbpbc lfcfyf[b

sdfkt,b vjudt]

fflkb [fh* yfvldbkb cbvfhskbc ufvnfht,tkb [fh^ xdty odfkt,fc ufl-

fudfhxbyt

kfnbab [fh* cbrtst lf lbcekjdyt,f e[dfl ufmdc^ xdty cbrtsbc pqdfh-

pt udfnfht

/f,bhb [fh* 'dtkf cfmvbc itcf[t, byajhvbht,ekb [fh^ xdty xdtyc itcf[t, fhf-

byajhvbht,ekc ye lfudnjdt,

/fkbvb [fh* ityc ufxtybkt,pt kvj,bthfl vjvg'hj,b [fh^ xdty kvj,bthfl

vjg'hj,f udfcofdkt

fpbvb [fh* cblblbcf lf ,ho'bydfkt,bc gfnhjyb [fh^ xdty ye lfudfv]bht,

qfaehb [fh* ityc vjyf-vjhxbkt,pt ]jldt,bc vgfnbt,tkb [fh^ xdtyb ]jldt,b

itudbylt

itmehb [fh* vflkj,t,bc vbvqt,b [fh^ vflkbtht,bc smvbc

itcf.kt,kj,f vjudt]

/fabpb [fh* 'dtkfahbc lfv]dtkb [fh^ xdty cbukf[tt,bcfufy lfudb]fdb

/fcb,b [fh* 'dtkfathpt gfce[bc vjvs[jdyb [fh^ xdty bcts vlujvfhtj-

,fib ye xfudfult,^ hjv gfce[b dth ufu]ts

mthbvb [fh* cbrtsbcf lf gfnbdbc e[dfl ufv]tvb [fh^ xdty ueke[dj,f

udfcofdkt

hfmb,b [fh* 'dtkf fhct,bc vtsdfk'eht [fh^ ye lfbdbo't, xdtypt

sdfkbc ltdyt,fc

vewb,b [fh* s[jdyf dtlht,bc vbvqt,b [fh^ xdtyc dtlht,fc egfce[jl

ye lfnjdt,

/fmbvb [fh* 'dtkfahbc sfdbc flubkfc ufvrtst,tkb [fh^ xdty ecfhut,-

kj cfmvtt,c xfvjudfijht

dtlelb [fh* ityb vjyf-vjhxbkt,b .fkbfy ub'dfhc^ xdty cb'dfhekb

udfcofdkt

,fbcb [fh* vrdlht,bc ufv]j][kt,tkb [fh^ xdty ,tlybthfl ufudf]j][kt

it/blb [fh* 'dtkfahbc vjovt [fh^ xdtyufy itylfvb cb'dfhekbc vjovt b'fdb

/f''b [fh* thsfl thsb ztivfhbnt,f ity [fh^ xdty ztivfhbnt,f isfudfujyt

dtmbkb [fh* ity [fh bc^ dbcf] vbtylj,bfy^ xdty itypt vbylj,fc ye

lfudfdbo't,

'fdbb [fh* .fkbc gfnhjyb [fh^ xdty ityb cb'dfhekbs ufudf.kbtht

vtsbyb [fh* iteh'tdtkb [fh^ xdty xdtyb cbcecnbc fvfhf ye vbudfnjdt,

dtkb [fh* vjhoveytsf vj'dfht [fh^ xdty vj'dfhtl vbudbqt

/fvblb [fh* mt,bc qbhcb [fh^ xdty itylfvb mt,bc cbfvjdyt,f vjudfybzt

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20

qdsbcvcf[eht,f

@@ccssmmddbb ((vvee//ffvvvvttll))%%

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oobbhhddffyybb^̂ xxttvvbb

ccbb]]jj]][[kktt llff

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ccffvv''ffhhjjff qqvvtthhss-

bbcc-ffkkkkff//bbccssddbbccff&&##

(cehf tyfvb-cfmjytkb&

fbfsb 162)

xxttvvc

cffhoovvee

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,

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t, ktmcb^ vjs[hj,f fy ufvj]fyf b]bfy se

fhf& hfcf] bcofdkbs^ hdtekib xfothts&

2& fv rfhbc vt]flbytj,bc gthbjlib fv[-

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cfrbs[c lfesvts% wfvtt,bcf lf cfcekbthj

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rdbhtekb lf c[df&

3& fkkf/bc cb'dfhekbc vjgjdt,bc vbpybs

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s[pt fv[fyfut,sfy bcfe,hts&

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hfnjvff 'flbhbc qfvt fsfc sdtpt vtnfl [t-

bhbfyb&

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itcf[t,& mdtvjs vj]tvekb lbfytsbc cfmvt-

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u& frh.fkekt,b lf lblb ]jldt,b bckfvbc

htkbubfib& kesab itysehmb

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21

qdsbcvcf[eht,f qvthspt uekbsflfl vbv[hj,f^ vbc

obyfit mtlbc vj[hf lf vfcpt vb'jkff& qdsbcvcf[eht,f

ufvxtybc cb'dfhekbc itltubf lf v[jkjl fkkf/bcfsd-

bc rtslt,f& 'dtkf qdsbcvcf[eht,fib qvthsbc hovtyff

ufvj[fnekb& flfvbfyb ufvxtybc cb'dfhekc hjujh

ufvjfdktyc? fy se b]bc dbyvtv^ hbs bmyt,f bub rvf'-

jabkb?

fkkf/vf 'ehfyib .dbhafc iefvfdfkc fct e,h.fyf%

es[fhb (ve/fvvtl)% se fkkf/b ub'dfhs^ vfiby vjv'tdbs

vt^ hjv fkkf/vf itub'dfhjc smdty lf itubyljs smd-

tydt ]jldt,b^ fkkf/b itvylj,b lf itvo'yfhjt,tkbf&#

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v[jkjl xdtyc .dbhafc iefvfdfkpt lfwtht,bs^ vbc

upfpt uf'jkbsff itcf.kt,tkb& hf smvf eylf^ 'dtkf

qdsbcvcf[eht,bc fhcb^ fkkf/cf lf .dbhafc iefvfdfkpt

lfwtht,f lf vfspt lfvjrblt,ekt,bc ufvj[fndff^

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hovtyblfy vjvlbyfht flfvbfybc lflt,bsb lf

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sb lf fct itvltu bckfvbc .bhbsflb qdsbcvcf[eht,t,bf&

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/mdbf&

mmttkkbbvvttbb iitt//ffllttssbb%% vvwwtthhff^̂ hhjjvv ffkkkkff//bbcc uuffhhllff cc[[ddff

qqvvtthhssbb ffhh ffhhcctt,,jj,,cc llff vvjjoovvtt ddffhh^̂ hhjjvv vvee//ffvvvvttllbb vvbbccbb

vvccff[[eehhbb llff iieeffvvffddffkkbbff&&

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22

llffssddffkkttss tthhssbb llqqbbcc uuffyyvvffddkkjj,,ffiibb

yyffkkjj]]bb [[eessbb yyffvvffppbbcc kkjj]]ddbbccffcc

ccbbnn''ddff @@ffkkkkff//ee ttmm,,tthh##-cc hhffvvllttyywwtthh ddbbvvttjjhhtt,,ss&&

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aaffhh..bb ((ccffddffkklltt,,eekkjj))

vjmvtlt,t,b^ hjvtksf itchekt,fcf] xdtyb cfhoveyjt,f fe]-

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vjmvtlt,t,b^ hjvkt,cf] xdtyb cfhoveyjt,f vstkb cbvrf]hbs

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vbtht,bs dfzhj,f lf c[df&

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23

rrffhhbb ggbbhhddttkkbb

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bckfvbc .bhbsfl gbhj,fsfufy ths-thsb yfvf-

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hbnefkbs lqtib [eswth itcfchekt,t,kb

afh.bf& yfvfpb flfvbfyc cekbthfl qvthssfy

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yfvfpbc lhjekb itchekt,f^ fkkf/bc 'dtkf-

pt cf'dfhtkb mvtlt,ff& bckfvbc obyf htkbubt,-

ib] kj]df afh.b b'j& hfbvt ufvjedfkb vbptp-

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hj]f o'fkb fh vjbgjdt,f (stbtvvevbs)^ [jkj

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kj]df] itb.kt,f&

@@eettzzddttkkffll^̂ vvtt

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[[ccttyytt,,bbccffssddbbcc##&&

(cehf nf /f^

fbfsb 14)

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xxddttyybb ssddffkkbbcc ccbbyyffsskkttff^̂

ccffvvjjss[[bbcc uuffccffqqtt,,bbff&&

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yyffvvffppbbcc aaffhh..tt,,bb ((ffee]]bbkktt,,kkjj,,tt,,bb))

yfvfpc 12 afh.b fmdc& 6 kj]dbc lfo't,fvlt rtslt,f^ vfs kj]dbc

ufht gbhj,t,b /mdbf& 6 rb kj]dbc ibuybs [jh]btklt,f^ vfs

kj]dbc iblf gbhj,t,b /mdbf&

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vjcfvpflt,tkb gbhj,t,bf%

1& /fltcbcfufy sf/fhtsb - fye cekbthb cb,by.ehbcfufy

ufceasfdt,f& flfvbfyb ufvxtybc obyfit 'jdtkudfhb

efh'jabsbcfufy ufyovtylbkb lf ufceasfdt,ekb eylf

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bkj]t,f& xf.byt,bc fy lfdbo't,bc itvs[dtdfib sfdbc lhjpt

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6& (ybtsb) ufyphf[df - kj]df

ufycfpqdhekb vjmvtlt,bc

v[jkjl abpbrehb itchekt,f fhff& bub

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cekbthb ufyo'j,bc itmvyff^ hfcf]

sfyf[kfdc c[dflfc[df ibyffhcbc

ntmcnt,bc ofhvjsmvf&

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(ve/fvvtl) ofbrbs[t obuyb ('ehfyb)^

hjvtkb] isfutujyf lf itfchekt kj]df

- yfvfpb& etzdtkfl kj]df - yfvfpb (flfvb-

fyc) eyfvecj,fcf lf cbukf[tc lff]bkt,c

esejl^ fkkf/bc [ctyt,f 'dtkfpt elblt-

cbf lf fkkf/vf eo'bc hfcf] cxflb[fhs#

(cehf fymt,es-j,j,f^ fbfsb 45)

II&& kkjj]]ddbbcc iibbllff ccffddffkklltt,,eekkjj ggbbhhjj,,tt,,bb

flfvbfyb^ hjvtkvf] kj]dbc ufht cfdfklt,-

ekj gbhj,t,b itfchekf^ erdt ite.kbf yfvfpb

bkj]jc& kj]dbc lhjcf] fhct,j,c fe]bkt,t-

kb itcfchekt,tkb gbhj,t,b^ hjvtkcf] yfvfp-

bc iblf cfdfklt,ekhj gbhj,t,b /mdbf& tctybf%

11&& basbsf/ (cfo'bcb) stm,bhb - 'dtkf kj]-

df fe]bkt,kfl fkkf/bc lblt,bc ufvjv[fndt-

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22&& 'bfvb (lujvf) -dbcf] .fkf itcotdc^ kj]df

at[pt lujvbs eylf itfchekjc&

33&& 'bhffsb (rbs[df) - 'ehfybc fbfst,bc rbs[df

44&& hemeqb (otkib vj[hf) - [tkt,bc ve[kt-

,pt lfo'j,bs fkkf/bc obyfit otkib vj[hf&

55&& ctwlt-fkkf/bc obyfit^ ie,kbs^ ][dbhbs^

jhbdt ve[kbs^ [tkt,bs^ at[bc sbst,bs .bhc

it[t,f

66&& ‘fltb f[bht (,jkj lfwljvf)-kj]dbc ,j-

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vsfdht,fvlt vj]lff&

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tsb kj]dt,b] fhct,j,c^ hjvtksf itchekt,f

wueaehflff fe]bkt,tkb& fctst,bf% rdbhfib

ths[tk wevbc (gfhfcrtdbc) kj]df lf otk-

boflib jhwth ,fbhfvbc kj]df&

vvee//ffvvvvttll iieeffvvffdd-

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ffvv[[ffyyffuutt,,cc eess[[hhff%%

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]]jjllddtt,,bbccffuuffyy

ffssffddbbcceeaakktt,,cc##

(ovbylf /flbcb)&

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uuffyy,,ffyyddbbcc aaffhh..tt,,bb

1& gbhbc qhec ufvj,fyf

2& ][dbhbc qhec ufvj,fyf

3& vstkb c[tekbc lf,fyf

ff,,llttccbbcc aaffhh..tt,,bb

1& [tkt,bcf lf gbhbcf[bc lf,fyf

2& vrkfdt,bc lf,fyf blf'dt,bc xfsdkbs

3& sfdbc^ cek ]jnf thsb vtjs[tlb yfobkbc lfcdtkt,f -

vtc/b

4& at[t,bc lf,fyf rjzt,bc xfsdkbs&

ssttbbttvveevvbbcc aaffhh..tt,,bb

1& ufyphf[df -ybtsbc ufrtst,f

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vjcvf (vtc/bc ufrtst,f)&

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vj]tvekb vtxtsbc

utuvf& vtxtsbc

[tkv.qdfytkbc

vbth utuvfpt ]baht,bs

fqybiyekb yfobkt,bc

cf[tkt,b itbcofdkts

lf lfothts&

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27

ffllffvvbbffyybb^̂ hhjjvvttkkbb]] ffcchheekktt,,cc kkjj]]ddffcc

ª 'dtkf ,by.ehb lf ]elb vjmvtlt,bcfufy lf]ekbf&

fkkf/bc cblbflbc [ibhfl [ctyt,bs vbclfvb hovtyfc

b.kbtht,c&

ª 'jdtksdbc qvthsc b[ctyt,c^ vstk lqtc 'dtkf vjmvtlt,bs

]lbkj,c fkkf/bc rvf'jabkt,f vjbgjdjc&

ª f,ltcc fbqt,c lf sfdbc cbceasfdtc vbfm]tdc 'ehflqt,fc^

ceasfl 'jayfc txdtdf&

ª ufhlf fcvbcf^ f,ltcb vfc cekbth cbvnrb]tc /vfnt,c&

ª lfotct,ek lhjt,ib yfvfpbc kj]dbs cf][jdht,tkb

lhjbc lfutuvdfc cofdkj,c&

ª ufhrdtekb lhjbc vjyfrdtst,ib 'jdtklqbeh

][jdht,bctek cfmvtc^ af]bae]cf lf iajsc ufyijhlt,f

lf qvthssfy lfrfdibht,bc ,tlybtht,fc tpbfht,f&

ª tvjhxbkt,f lblb fkf/bc ,h.fyt,fc% @/tb^ vjhoveytyj!

t.bts lf[vfht,f (fkkf/bcf) vjsvbyt,fib lf kj]dfib^ bc

etzdtkfl vjvsvtyt,sfyff#& (cehf aehb ,f'fhf^ fbfsb 153)

yfvfpbc kj]dbs ufbyfst,c cekc lf ufb.kbtht,c hovtyfc&

ª t.ktdf cfiefkt,f^lhj lf flubkb^ hfsf ufvj[fnjc

fkkf/bcflvb vflkbtht,f c[tekbs^ tybs^

ujyt,bs^ uekbs&

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28

rrffhhbb vvttjjhhtt

wel cfmvtsfufy xfvjijht,bcvfcofdkt,tkb$ vfh[df

hfvfpfybc sdbc vfh[df^ bckfvbc ths-thsb

.bhbsflb cfae.dtksfufybf& vfh[df fhbc vec-

kbvfybc vbth lbkbc ]bcrhblfy cfqfvjvlt it-

uyt,ekfl zfvbcf lf cvbcfufy sfditrfdt,f^

cmtcj,hbdb rfdibhbc ufvjhb][df& vfh[df fk-

kf/bc rvf'jabkt,bc vjgjdt,bc vbpybs eylf

itchekltc&

flfvbfyvf itcf.kt,tkbf vupfdhj,bcf lf

fdflv'jaj,bc lhjc fh bvfh[jc^ vfuhfv hj-

]f fvudfhb vlujvfhtj,f lfcheklt,f^ ufvjn-

jdt,ekb vfh[df eylf ffyfpqfehjc^ dbcf] fm-

dc bctsb iteo'dtntkb fdflv'jaj,f^ hjvtk-

b] vfh[dfib [tkc eikbc^ bc 'jdtkb evfh[fdb

lqbc cfyf]dkjl ths ufvjcfc'blc - ablbtc

ufc]tvc^ bc^ dby] fh vfh[ekj,c lf vjthbl-

t,f zfvfcf lf cvfc^ c[df vfh[eksf sfylfcoh-

t,bs^ tc bmyt,f vbc vbth vfh[ekj,bcf lf hf-

vfpybc sdbcflvb gfnbdbc]tvf& cfqfvjc cthj,bc

(bashbc) lhjvlt ituyt,ekfl hfbvtc zfvf^

cvf lf cmtcj,hbdb rfdibhb vfh[dfc ufnt[c&

@@//ttbb^̂ vvjjhhoovveeyyttyyjj!!

ssmmddttyy llffuuttdd-

ffkklltt,,eekkffss

vvffhh[[ddff^̂ hhjjuujjhh]]

llffttddffkklltt,,ee-

kkff ttcc ssmmddttyycc

oobbyyffvvjjhh,,ttllss&&

bbvvttllbbff^̂ ssmmddttyy

qqddssbbcc vvjjiibbiiyybb

bbmmyytt,,bbss&&##

(cehf aehb-

,f'fhf fbfsb 183)

hhffcc yybbiiyyffddcc vvffhh[[ddff^̂ vvffhh[[ddbbcc ''jjddttkkllqqbbee-

hhbb llffcchheekktt,,ff^̂ vvffhh[[ddbbcc uuffnntt[[ff^̂

vvjjyyff[[ttss kkttmmccbbrrjjyytt,,iibb^̂ //rrbbss[[ttss eeaahhjjcctt,,cc llff

bbccooffddkkttss vvffssbb vvyybbiiddyyttkkjj,,tt,,bb&&

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29

bvcfmb% vfh[dbc lfo't,bc lhj& ufysbflfvlt ]jnfsb flht&

lbkbc yfvfpbc lhjbc lfcfo'bcb&

basfhb% vfh[dbc 'jdtklqbehb lfvsfdht,bc lhj^ vpbc xfcdk-

bcf lf cfqfvjc yfvfpbc lhjbc lfcfo'bcb&

'fpf% hfvfpybc sdtib vupfdhj,bc fy fdflv'jaj,bc ufvj vfh[-

dbc itechekt,kj,bc itvltu^ [tkcf'htk lhjc^ ufvjnjdt,ekb

sbsjtekb lqbcfsdbc thsb lqbc vfh[dbs fyfpqfeht,f&

ablbt% gbhjdyt,bc vbth sfdbc lhjpt ufvjnjdt,ekb^ itvlt-

uib rb cfgfnbj vbptpbc ufvj feyfpqfeht,tkb thsb lqbc vfh[-

dbc cfyf]dkjl qfhb,pt bvltyb cfzvkbc cfafcehbc vb]tvf^ hfvl-

tycf] ths lqtib sfdfl zfvc^ fy thsb qfhb,bc thsb lqbs lfge-

ht,f&&

ffllffvvbbffyybb^̂ hhjjvvttkkbb]] vvffhh[[eekkjj,,cc

ª ufycfresht,ekb wbkljc vbqt,bc eakt,fc vjbgjdt,c& ve/fvvtl

iefvfdfkb udfv]yj,c fkkf/bc ,h.fyt,fc% @@vvffhh[[ddff xxttvvssddbbccffff^̂ vvbbcc

ccffppqqffeehhcc vvtt uuffdd]]ttvv## (ovbylf /flbcb)&

ª sfdbcbdt yt,bs fbqt,c [tkc sfdbc ]el cehdbkt,pt lf

sfdlfzthbkj,fc bcofdkbc&

ª ibvibkbsf lf o'ehdbkbs ufvjodtekb cb.ytkbc ufy]lbs

ufb.kbtht,c fvnfyj,fcf lf vjsvbyt,fc& ve/fvvtl iefvfdfkb

,h.fyt,c% @@vvffhh[[ddff vvjjssvvbbyytt,,bbcc yyff[[ttddffhhbbff## (ovbylf /flbcb)&

ª sfdbc ecfpqdhj cehdbkt,cf lf dyt,t,c lfbjrt,c^ flfvbfysf

ijhbc ecbfvjdyt,bc vjvnfy pqdfhuflfcek cfm]btkc lfsvj,c&

ª tyfc e]typehj lf e[fvcb cbn'dt,bcfufy lfb]fdc& ve/fvvtl

iefvfdfkb ,h.fyt,c% @@ssee rrbb ddbbyyvvtt rrbbyyrrkkffjj,,ffcc ffyy xx[[ee,,cc

llffuubboo''tt,,ss^̂ eess[[ffhhbbss^̂ vvffhh[[eekkbb ddffhhjj## (ovbylf /flbcb)

ª vfcpt eahj ufzbhdt,fib v'jasf vlujvfhtj,fc vb[dlt,f lf vfs

lfcf[vfht,kfl 'dtkf qjytc b[vfhc&

ª b]bc^ hjv vfh[dbs^ hovtybsf lf cfvfubthjc v[jkjl fkkf/bcfufy

kjlbybs^ ofhcekib xfltybkb ]jldt,b tgfnbt,f lf

cb]j][kbc lfhxtybk lhjc ovbylfl ufnfht,fc

itelut,f^ ]jldt,bcf lf cbukf[tt,bcfufy ijhc lflut,f&

ª lfhoveylt,f^ hjv sthsvtnb sdbc ufyvfdkj,fib 'jdtklqbehb

][jdht,bc hbnvbc it]dkf ite.kbf& fvudfhfl^ sdbsjyf] vb[dlt,f^

hjv cbrtsbcf lf cbkfvfpbcfrty itvj,heyt,f itcf.kt,tkbf&

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30

mdtvjs vj]tvekbf lqbehbc thsb yfobkb& bub ufcfhsj,fl

ofbrbd[ts^ hflufy pjubthsb cbn'df lfibahekbf^ c]flts

fvj[cyfs ibahb&

tthhssbb ddffhhllbbcc aajjssjjkkbb vvjjuujjyytt,,ffssff hhddtteekkiibb

2255 llttrrttvv,,tthhbb^̂

lqtc xdtyc jwf[ib v[bfhekt,ff& ltlfv cfvpfhtekjib cfmvtt,b

vjfsfdf lf cfxmfhjl cf'blkt,pt ufdblf& ,f,ef ,t,bfc 'fdbc vjleq-

t,fc s[jdc& ,t,bf vfc fahs[bkt,c& ,f,ef fv,j,c% @ye vcf'dtlehj,&

vstkb &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& sdbc ufyvfdkj,fib vt ity 'fdfc fqfh vjus[jd#&

,f,ef 'fdbc ufhtit dth uf.kt,c^ dyf[js sfdbc cbn'dfc hjujh itf-

chekt,c& lqtc gbhdtkb &&&&&&&&&&&&&& yfvfpb eylf itchekltc& gbhdtk

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& eylf fdluts&

ltlfc des[fhb^ hjv oktekc hfvfpfyib sfdblfy ,jkjvlt

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& dbvfh[ekt,lb^ .fkbfy ufe[fhlf& df[ivj,bc itvltu f,ltcb

fdbqts lf wfvtib ofdtlbs& wfvt [fk[bs b'j cfdct& kj]dbc itvltu

wfvblfy ufvjvcdktk flfvbfyt,c de]mbht lf tysepbfpvbs fqcfdct

pqdf [fk[b hjv dyf[t^ qvthsbcflvb vflkbtht,f ufvjdsmdb&

2266 llttrrttvv,,tthhbb

crjkfib lfvfdbo'lf^ hjv vfh[ekb db'fdb lf o'fkb lfdkbt& ,t-

,bfv fvb[cyf^ hjv fvbs vfh[df fh ufnt[bkf^ hflufy tc ituyt,ekfl

fh ufvbrtst,bf lf vbs[hf% @ity fkkf/c e'dfh[fh& yf[t^ hjujh lf-

ut[vfhf o'ehdbkbc vjrdkfib& @vt] vb'dfhc fkkf/b#-degfce[t vt& hj-

]f vjvibdlf^ ,f,efv vbhxbf^ hfbvtsb ufdhsj,bkb'fdb& xtvc vbth yf-

[ek ufcfhsj,ib sdbsjyf] xfdbshbt& thsfl fvjd[ctybs ufptsib uf-

vjmdt'yt,ekb vfh[dbc rhjcdjhlb& vt rbs[dt,b ofdbrbs[t& ,f,efv gf-

ce[t,b ufc]f& e/! hfvltyb hfv b]bc ,f,extvvf&

ltlfv hfvfpfybcfsdbc ufycfresht,ekb ht]tgnbs nr,bktekb lf-

fvpflf& hj]f nr,bktekbfyb staib oby vbdbxjxt^ ,f,efv vbs[hf%

@&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& ceahf 'dtkfpt cfertstcj vjvtynbf bvbcfsdbc^ hjv flfvb-

fyvf vjsvbyt,f lf phlbkj,f fcofdkjc cfresfh sfdc&# lf sfdpt [t-

kb uflfvbcdf& &&&&&&&&&&&& rbs[dfvlt ]jnf lhj b'j lfhxtybkb& lhj .f-

kbfy ytkf uflbjlf& &&&&&&&&& [vf ufbcvf @qvthsj xtvj^ hf rfhubf tc

tpybc [vf# -dsmdb vt& 'dtkfv ufbqbvf&

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31

rrffhhbb vvttccffvvtt

1& fkkf/bc ,j't,eksfufyvbcsdbcdt lf[fh}df$ ptmfsbbckfvbc .bhbsflb cfae.dkt,blfy ths-thsb ptm-

fsbf& ptmfsb mjyt,bs ufotekb qdsbcvcf[eht,ff& pt-

mfsb ybiyfdc^ hjv gbhflb cfzbhjt,t,bc lfrvf'jab-

kt,bc itvltu^ thsb okbc ufyvfdkj,fib ityf[ekb

ufhrdtekb hfjltyj,bc mjyt,blfy ufhrdtekb yfob-

kb (.bhbsflfl jhvj]blfy thsb) otkboflib ths-

[tk ufzbhdt,ekt,c eylf vbt]tc& ptmfsb^ 'ehfyib

sbsmvbc ‘dtkufy yfvfpsfy thsflff yf[ctyt,b& tct

bub^ ptmfsvf veckbvfybc ][jdht,fib yfvfpbc vcufd-

cfl vfcbehb flubkb eylf lfbzbhjc% @fkkf/vf vt

cb]j][kbc vfy.bkpt kj]df lf ptmfsb vb,h.fyf#

(cehf vthbtvb^ fbfsb 31)

ptmfsb fhbc^ fhf vlblhbc o'fkj,f qfhb,bc vbv-

fhs^ fhfvtl qfhb,bc obkb vlblhbc mjyt,blfy& @vl-

blhbc mjyt,fib obkb fmdc lf[vfht,bc vs[jdytkcf

lf e.keh-eemjytkc# (cehf pfhbfsb^ fbfsb 19)& vl-

blfhvf flfvbfyvf ptmfsbc vb]tvbcfc eylf t]fljc^

hjv ptmfsbc fvqt,c uekb fh fnrbyjc^ hflufy cb-

rtsbc ufrtst,f lf itvltu lf'dtlht,f cbrtsbc aez-

fl xfdkbc vbptpb uf[lt,f^ itb.kt,f thsb it[tldbs

xfyltc^ hjv ptmfsbc uflf[lbs mjyt,f rkt,ekj,c^

vfuhfv mjyt,f hjvkbc ptmfsb] uflf[lbkbf^ fkk-

f/bc vj]tvekb ,fhfmfsb ufvhfdklt,f& @vfufkbsb

bvfsb^ dby] sfdbfys mjyt,fc fkkf/bc upfpt [fhw-

fdty^ /ufdc vfufkbsc vfh]dkbcfc^ hjvtkb] idblb

sfdsfdbs fqvjf]tyf lf sbsjtek bv sfdsfdib fcb

vfh]dfkbf& fkkf/b evhfdkt,c bvfc^ dbcsdbcf] /c-

ehc& fkkf/b 'jdkbcvjv]dtkb lf v]jlytf&# (ce-

hf aehb-,f'fhf^ fbfsb 261)&

vvbbbbqqtt vvffssbb

mmjjyytt,,bbllffyy

ccffvvjjoo''ffkkjj -

ppttmmffssbb^̂ hhffssff

vvbbccbbss uuffyy-

bboovvbbyylljj llff

uuffyyffvvhhssttkklltt

llff llffkkjj]]tt

bbccbbyybb&&&&&&

(ffkfab - yflfd-

kb^ fbfsb 103)

@esejl

uflfhxyty

vjhoveytt,b^

hjvkt,b]

sfdbfysb

kj]dbcfc

vjibiyb fhbfy

lf hjvkt,b]

efphjcufy

pehuitm]tekyb

fhbfy lf

hjvtkt,b]

ptmfsbc

uflfv[ltkyb

fhbfy#

(cehf vjhoveytyb^

fbfsb 1_4)

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32

ppttmmffssbbcc ssddffkkccffpphhbbccbbss

iittffaaffccttss mmddttvvjjss vvjj]]ttvveekkbb

bbyyeecc ttvvhhttcc kkttmmccbb llff ssmmddttyybb

iitt[[ttlleekktt,,tt,,bb ffvv[[ffyyffuutt,,cc

uuffeeppbbffhhttss&&

mmjjyytt,,bbcc vvttggffnnhhjjyytt^̂ ccbbvvllbbllhh-

bbcc vvttggffnnhhjjyytt^̂ ff,,ff^̂ vvbbss[[ffhh ccffll

ffhhbbcc ggbbhhddttkkbb vvttggffnnhhjjyytt??

ccbb''ffkk,,ttff mmjjyytt,,ff]] llff ccbb''ffkk,,ttff

ccbbvvllbbllhhtt]] vvbbllbb ff,,ff ]]jjnnff

[[yybbss^̂ iittyy]] ssffddbb iittbbmm]]bbtt&&

@]jnf vjo'fkt,f (cflf'f) ,tdh e,tleht,fc uffmfho'kt,c&#

ufvjyfsmdfvbc fphbc itcf[t, fv[fyfut,sfy bvcwtkts&

ffllffvvbbffyybb^̂ hhjjvvttkkbb]] ppttmmffsscc bb[[llbbcc

ª ufbceasfdt,c sfdc bctsb ]elb xdtdt,bcfufy^ hjujhb]ff tujbpvb^

cb.eyot lf cbfvf't&

ª uff]yj,btht,c^ hjv fkkf/bc ,j.t,ekb mjyt,bcfsdbc vflkj,bc

uflf[lff cfzbhj lf tc v[jkjl cbn'dbthfl fh fhbc cfrvfhbcb&

ª vjyfobktj,fc bqt,c vlblfhsf lf qfhb,sf ijhbc trjyjvbrehb

esfyfcojhj,bc lf.ktdfib& fvudfhfl^ vfc sfdbcb odkbkb itfmdc

vlblfhcf lf qfhb,c ijhbc blevfkb cbf[kjdbc^ ehsbth

gfnbdbc]tvbcf lf ehsbths cb'dfhekbc xfvj'fkb,t,fib^

cfpjufljt,fib vidblj,bc lf cj]bfkehb sfyfcojhj,bc

lfv'fht,fib&

ª [tkc eo'j,c cfpjufljt,fib bctsb ]elb lf cfvfh][dbyj

mvtlt,t,bc fqvja[dhfc^ hjujhb]ff% vfs[jdhj,f^ mehlj,f^

'fxfqj,f lf c[df&

ª cfpjufljt,fib cfresfh /evfyeh vjdfktj,t,c vb[dlt,f lf

thsbfyj,bc uh.yj,f vjtvfnt,f^ hjujh] c[tekbc thsb yfobkbc

fnrbdt,bcfc c[df jhufyjt,b] uh.yj,ty fdflv'jaj,fc^

itcf,fvbcfl cfpjufljt,fib fhct,ekb ghj,ktvt,bc ufvj nrbdbkc

sdbsjyf] buh.yj,c lf vfs lf.ktdfib sfdbc odkbkc itbnfyc&

ª sfdbcsfdc cfresfhb aekbcf lf mjyt,bc vjyj,bcfufy

ufbsfdbceakt,c^ fqbfht,c^ hjv vbc [tks fhct,ekb mjyt,bc

yfvldbkb vtgfnhjyt fkkf/bf&

ª uf]tvbs^ ufpbfht,bs^ vj.vtpt ufzbhdt,bc ;fvc lf[vfht,bs^

.bhbsflb flfvbfyehb qbhct,t,bs fqbzehdt,f lf .dbhafcb

ve/fvvtl iefvfdkbc yf,h.fyt,bc sfyf[vfl ,tlybthb bmyt,f%

@vbv]tvb [tkb fvqt, [tkpt egbhfntcbf#&

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33

//ffwwjj,,ffpptt yyffvv''jjaa ssmmddttyycc ff[[kkjj,,ttkkcc ((yyff]]yyjj,,cc)) //rrbbss[[ttss^̂ ssee

hhff vvjjbbyyff[[eekkff llff hhff bbuuhh..yyjj bbmm&&

2& vjupfehj,f ovbylfflubkt,ib$ /f}j,f

/fwj,f bckfvbc ths-thsb .bhbsflb cfae.dt-

ksfufybf& /fwj,f mjyt,bsf lf c[tekbs itcfch-

ekt,tkb qdsbcvcf[eht,ff& /fwj,f okbc ufhrd-

tek lhjc vtmfib v'jab mff,tcf lf ufhrdtekb

ovbylf flubkt,bc vjyf[ekt,fc ybiyfdc& tc fhbc

bc okbehb itrht,bc lhj lf flubkb^ cflf] th-

svfytsbc vbvfhs sfyfcojh dbsfhtfib brhb,t,bfy

c[dflfc[df hfcbc^ cmtcbc^ tybc^ cj]bfkehb vlu-

jvfhtj,bcf lf fcfrbc flfvbfyt,b&

/fwj,bc lhjc vjcfyf[ekt,tkb ovbylf flub-

kt,bf% mfkfm vtmfib vlt,fht mff,t^ cfaf^ vthdt^

fhfafnb^ vepltkbat^ vbyf&

@@&&&&&&&&ffkkkkff//bbcc

uueekkbbccffssddbbcc ffvv

ccff[[kkbbcc ((mmff,,bbcc))

vvjjddkkff-ggffnnhhjjyyjj,,ff

ddffkklltt,,eekktt,,ffff

ffllffvvbbffyytt,,pptt^̂ bbvvff-

sspptt^̂ ddbbccff]]

..ffkkee..cc vvbbccbb

vvjjyyff[[eekktt,,ff##

(cehf fkb bvhfyb^

fbfsb 97)

vtmfc ufhitvj vvbbmmffssffll ojlt,ekb flubkt,b //ffhhttvvbbcc (/fwj,bcfsdbc vj-

otchbut,bc) nthbnjhbbc cfpqdht,c vjb]fdc& fv cfpqdht,sfy vbcdkbc itvl-

tu nfycf]vtkb^ at[cf]vtkb lf obylt,b eylf ufb[flj lf lf jh gbhcf-

[j]ib eylf itt[dbj^ /fwj,bcfsdbc ufyphf[df fye ybtsb eylf uffrtsj lf

ssttkk,,bbtt (kt,,tbm fkkf/evvt kt,,tbm) ofhvjsmdf& fvhbufl^ erdt bb//hhffvviibb

bv'jat,b lf /fwj,bc qdsbcvcf[eht,f lfo't,ekbf& /fwj,bc sdtt,ib c[df

hbnefkt,b otcbc vb[tldbs eylf itchekltc& /fwj,bc [dtlhbc itvs[dtd-

fib fv itcf.kt,kj,bcf lf cfiefkt,bc vjv]tvb fkkf/bc vbvfhs vflkj,bc

ufvj[fndbc vbpybs 'eh,fyb eylf lfbrkfc& fvbs /fwj,f lfcheklt,f&

//ffwwjj,,bbcc aaffhh..tt,,bbbb//hhffvvbb - flfvbfyb^ hjvtkb] /fwj,bcfsdbc ufyphf[dfc /'jac^ ybtsc uf-

frtst,c lf stk,btc ofhvjsmdfvc^ c[df lhjib yjhvfkehb vjmvtlt,t,b% 'd-

fdbkbc vjo'dtnf^ [bc vjzhf^ odthbc ufgfhcdf^ svbc itrhtzf^ itrthbkb n-

fycf]vkbc xf]vf^ yflbhj,f lf vcufdcb pjubthsb cfmvtt,b^ /fwj,bc gthb-

jlib fh eyklf uffrtsjc&

mmffff,,ttpptt ufhc itvjdkbc hbnefkb- ifdb mdf (/fwthektcdtlbc) thsb re-

s[blfy itvjdkbc lfo't,f lf mff,tpt idblwth ufhitvjdkf&

ffhhffaaffnnpptt iittxxtthhtt,,ff - /fwt,bc vbth vtmfc cfv[hts fqvjcfdktsbs vlt,-

fht fhfafnbc vsfpt fcdkf lf 'eh,fybc ,fbhfvfvlt thsb lqbs flht^ hfvl-

tybvt [ybs bm ufxtht,f&

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34

stk,bt

qvthsj xtvj@ityc ,h.fyt,t,pt vjhxbkt,fc lblb cbfvjdyt,bs

dfqbfht,& vpflf dfh ityb ,h.fyt,bc itcfchekt,kfl^'jdkbc-

itv.kt xtvj fkkf/j& ity [fh xtvb thsflthsb

cflblt,t,kb^mt,f-lblt,f itysdbcff& xtvpt ,j.t,ekb 'dtkf

cbrtst ity utresdybc^ 'dtkfathb itybf&&& fh fhct,j,c ityb

vjpbfht lf sfyfcojhb&

'eh,ybc itobhdbc qdsbcvcf[eht,f^ hjujh] gbhjdyt,bcfsdbc^

fctdt cfpjufljt,bcfsdbc c[dflfc[df cf[bc cfhut,kj,bc vjvnfyb

qdsbcvcf[eht,ff& 'eh,ybc itvobhdtkb fkkf/pt lfvjrblt,ek-

t,fc fqbfht,c lf cfpjufljt,fib .vj,bcf lf ehsbthslf[vfht-

,bc lfvrdblht,fib itfmdc odkbkb&

flfvbfyb^ hjvtkb] /fwj,fc fchekt,c%

ª cflf nfycf]vtkib c[df /fwt,sfy thsfl sfyfcojh gbhj,t,ib

vjmvtlt,bs sfyfcojhj,bc uh.yj,t,c ufyfdbsfht,c&

ª sfyfvlt,j,f^ ojlt,f^ cbvlblht^ mjyt,f lf vcufdcb behblbekb lf

trjyjvbrehb qbht,ekt,t,bc ofhvfdkj,fib rbltd ths[tk

lfhoveylt,f^ cfvfhskbfyj,bc uh.yj,fc ufybdbsfht,c&

ª hfcbc^ cmtcbc^ tybc^ fcfrbcf lf c[df 'jdtkudfhb ufyc[dfdt,bc

lhjt,bsj,fc lf evybidytkj,fc vb[dlt,f& bckfvbc^ .vj,bc

'dtkf flfvbfybc uf]yj,f-lff[kjt,bc vybidytkj,fc ufbut,c&

ª fkkf/bc obyfit flfvbfyt,bc yfvjmvtlfhbc ufvj ufyrbs[dbc lqtc

ufb[ctyt,c lf cfbmbjcfsdbc vpflt,bc fe]bkt,kj,bc fphc

ufybvnrb]t,c&

ª vjsvbyt,fc^ cb.ytktt,pt ufvrkfdt,fc^ wueaehb vjmvtlt,bc eyfhc^

ehsbthlf[vfht,bcf lf cjkblfhj,bc vcufdc kfvfp

sdbct,t,c itb.tyc&

ª fkkf/bc vbth vfcpt yf,j.t,b wfyvhstkj,bc^ vj[th[t,bc^ mjyt,bc^

cbvlblhbcf lf vcufdcb cbrtsbcfsdbc vflkj,fc b[lbc&

ª .dbhafcb ve/fvvtl iefvfdkbcf lf vbcb sfyfvjfphtt,bc yfv'jab

ª flubkt,bc vjyf[ekt,bs vfs vbth lfnjdt,ek othbkc eahj

rfhufl tgfnhjyt,f&

ª cfhoveyjt,bc gbhjdyekb v[fhbc ufhlf vbc cfpjufljt,hbd

vybidytkj,fcf] itb]yj,c^ [fk[bc obyfit eakt,t,bcf lf

vjdfkjt,t,bc vbvfhs gfce[bcvut,kj,fc fbqt,c&

q

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35

1& veckbvfyt,bc lqtcfcofekb^ hjv-

tkb] otkboflib jhwth nfhlt,f

2& vetpbybc vbth vhtdkbc cfkj]fd-

fl vb[vj,f

3& hbnefkb vtmfib& veckbvfysf lq-

tcfcofekb^ veckbvfysf vbth pbk/bwbc

sdtib vtmfib vjcfyf[ekt,kfl ofcdkf

4& qfhb,t,pt ufcf]tvb vjo'fkt,f

5& hfvfpfybc sdbc 27-t qfvt^ hjltc-

f] 'ehfyvf bo'j xfvjcdkf

6& vtxtsib vhtdksfy thsfl yfvfpbc

itchekt,f

7& vjo'fkt,f^ hjvtkcf] hfvfpfybc

sdtib ufbqt,ty

8& &bckfvbc ths-thsb .bhbsflb gbh-

j,f& @[esb cf[bc cfzvtkb^ thsvfytsc

fh trfht,f& jhb lqtc vjtcohj^ cfvb

qfvtc tafht,f&#

9& kj]df^ hjvtkb] hfvfpfybc

sdtib nfhlt,f .bkbcobyf kj]dbc

itvltu&

10& xdtyb cfhoveyjt,f-veckbvfysf

cfhoveyjt,bc cf[tkojlt,f

11& veckbvfysf cfkj]fdb flubkb-

qvthsbc cf[kb&

12& &zfvbc lhj vfh[dbc gthbjlib^&

vfh[dbc lfo't,fvlt ]jnf flht

13& vbyfhtsblfy cfkj]fdfl vjojl-

t,f

14& bvfvbc vbth vtxtsib ofhvjsmve-

kb vjojlt,f gfhfcrtdj,bs (wevbc kj-

]df) lf lqtcfcofekt,pt&

15& bfcblfy (qfvbc kj]dfc) lbkfvlt

itcfchekt,tkb fhfcfdfklt,ekj kj-

]df&

16& ovbylf vsf cfelbc fhf,tsib

17& cfvb ve[kb kj]df^ .bkbcobyf

kj]dbc itvltu

18&fhfcfdfklt,ekj kj]df^ hjvtk-

cf] vjhoveyt veckbvfyb fchekt,c&

rrhhjjccddjjhhllbb

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36

pytj,f xxttvvc

cffhoovvee

yyjjtt,ffc

ddcooffddkkjj

,

iittbbccooffddkktt^̂ uuffvvjjbbrrddkkbbtt ^̂ bbaabbmmhhtt

11&& itbcofdkts cbn'dt,b% afh.b^

dfwb,b^ ceyytsb^ ve,f/b^ vec-

st/f,b lf vtuj,ht,sfy

thsfl bvcwtkts vfs ijhbc

c[dfj,t,pt

22&& rtsbkb pytj,f ][jdht,bc

rfyjyfl hjv dfm]bjs^

fvbcfsdbc hf eylf ufdfrt

sjsj

33&& ths thsb vybidytkjdfyb

flfvbfybc ][jdht,bc bcn-

jhbf ufvjbrdkbts lf vbcb

cfvfufkbsj m]tdt,b fv[f-

yfut,c uff]fybs&

44&& bvcwtkts smdtyb 'dtkfpt

kfvfpb lf ufvjhxtekb

pytj,hbdb m]tdbc itcf[t, lf

lfabmhlbs^ hf cfhutkj,f

vjfmdc smdtysdbc vfc&

55&& hfc uffrtst,c veckbvfyb^

hjvtkvf] b]bc sfdbcsfdbcf

lf jwf[bc obyfit fhct,ekb

vjdfktj,t,b?

66&& hfc [dlt,bs ve/fvvtl

iefvfdkbc cbn'dt,blfy -

@,fdidb veckbvyfl b,flt,f#

77&& bvcwtkts f[kj,kt,sfy lf

cs[jdts ubfv,jy^ hfc [tlfd

ty bcbyb ve/fvvtl iefvfdkbc

pytj,fib?

88&& hfc uffrtst,c veckbvfyb^

hjvtkvf] b]bc ufhtvjcf lf

vstkb rf]j,hbj,bc obyfit

fhct,ekb cfresfhb vjd-

fktj,t,b?

99&& ofbrbs[ts xdtyb .dbhafcb

iefvfdkbc ufvjcfs[jdt,t-

kb vbvfhsdf (dtlf [es,bt)

lf vjyf[ts vfcib pytj,hbdb

lfhbut,t,b&

1100&& hjujh fe[cybs vtuj,fhc rf-

hub pytj,bc cfhut,kbfyj,fc&

1111&& htkbubbc reknehbcf lf

pytj,bc itcf[t, fhct,ekb

obuyt,blfy fy mdtvjs

lfcf[tkt,ekb lbfytsbc cf-

mvtsf cfvvfhsdtkjc ufvjv-

]tvkj,bc obuyt,blfy pytj-

,bc itcf[t, itvltub sfdt,b

ofbrbs[ts%

ff&& bbcckkffvvbbcc ppyyttjj,,ff llff cceekkbbtthhbb

vvjjddffkkttjj,,tt,,bb%% bbhhff//bbvv ffuuff//

xxee,,eemmwwee

,,&& ccbbrrttssbbcc uuffccffvvhhwwttkkjj%% ppffhh-

bbaatt wwffyyffyybb

gg&& ccbb''ddffhheekkbb llff vvttuujj,,hhjj,,ff

ffbbffsstt,,bbcc llff //ffllbbcctt,,bbcc aajjyy-

pptt%% bbccvvffbbkk rrffhhffuujjppbb&&

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37

ccbb]]jj]][[kkbbcc uuffvvjj..ff[[bbkkbb

thsb rf]b idbksfy thsfl ctbhyj,lf& ,fdidvf e]f,tlfl

ofb,jh.brf lf vbofpt lft]f& @f/# lfb'dbhf ,fdidvf& vfs vj-

gbhlfgbht vsbc vodthdfkblfy @f/ !# vjtcvfs& ,fdidvf ]y-

j,bcvj'dfhtj,bs /rbs[f% @ity dbyf [fh ?# @ity dbyf [fh?#

vjtcvf gfce[fl& fvwthfl erdt uf,hfpt,ekvf lfb'dbhf% #ity

thsb vibifhf [fh!# @ity thsb vibifhf [fh!# vjdblf [vf

vsblfy& ,fdidb vfvfc vbe,heylf% @hf [lt,f vfvf?# vfvfvbcb

vsbcrty it,heylf lf itc.f[f% @itybs fqahsjdfyt,ekb

dfh&# @itybs fqahsjdfyt,ekb dfh#^ b'j gfce[b& vfvfv rb-

ltd itc.f[f% @ity lblt,ekb [fh# @ity lblt,ekb [fh# b'j

gfce[b& ,fdidc .fkbfy uferdbhlf^ vfuhfv hf [lt,jlf dth

vbv[dlfhb'j^ vfvfvbcvf fe[cyf% @fvfc ufvj.f[bkb^ tmj /mdbf^

cbyfvldbktib rb tc xdtyb ][jdht,ff& ][jdht,f velfv vfcpt

vb]tvekc erfy lfub,heyt,c#

ccff''ddffhhttkkbb

iieeffvvffddffkkbb ffcctt

,,hh..ffyytt,,cc%% @@ssee

hhjjvvttkkbbvvtt ssmmdd-

ttyyssffuuffyybb

..vvbbccssddbbccff]] ffhh

bbcceehhddtt,,cc bbvvffcc^̂

hhff]] ssffddbbccssddbbcc

cceehhcc^̂ yyffvvllddbbkkbb

vvjjhhoovveeyytt

ffhhffff##

(ovbylf /flbcb)&

flfvbfyt,b thsvfytsbc cfhrtyb fhbfy& xdtyb

][jdht,bc lf ehsbthsj,t,bc cnbkbc ufyvcfpq-

dhtkb thsvfytsbc vbvfhs xdtyb lfvjrblt,ekt-

,t,bf& hjujh] udbylf^ hjv xdty vjudtm]yty^ bct

vjdtm]ts c[dfc& hf] udbylf hjv db[bkjs^ xdty]

bc eylf de.qdyfs c[dfc^ se cb'dfhekc dtkj-

lt,bs^ cb'dfhekb^ se cbyfpt udbylf^ cbyfpt^ se

gfnbdbc]tvfc vjdtkbs^ gfnbdbc]tvf&&& hf] fh ud-

bylf hjv itudtvs[dtc^ c[dfc bvfc ye ufdertst-

,s& bvbcfsdbc hjv vnhj,fc fh uflfdt'fhjs^

vnhj,fc ye ufdfrtst,s^ se udbylf hjv tujbc-

nj,fc fh uflfdt'fhjs^ tujbcnehfl fh eylf

vjdbm]ts& bvbcfsdbc^ hjv ecfvfhskj,fib fh

vjd[lts^ ecfvfhskj,f fh eylf xfdblbyjs&

jjmmhhjjcc oottccbb%%

hjujh] ity ubylf^ hjv vjutm]yty^

ity] bctdt vjtmt]b&

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38

rrffhhbb ggbbhhddttkkbb

1& bckfvb kfvfpb pytj,ffrfhub pytj,f fhbc^ flfvbfybc cojhb otct,bc m]tdfib fcf[df lf

xdtdfl m]tdf& bckfvbc 'dtkfpt vybidytkjdfyb vbpfyb bcff^hjv flfvb-

fyb b'jc pytj,hbdfl xfvj'fkb,t,ekb^ .dbhafcb ve/fvvtl iefvfd-

fkb ,h.fyt,c% @vt rfhub pytj,bc chek'jabcfsdbc dfh ufvjupfdy-

bkb# (ovbylf /flbcb)&

veckbvfyb flfvbfybc afcb^ vbcb pytj,bc cbkfvfpbs bpjvt,f^ hj]f

/rbs[tc .dbhafc ve/fvvtl iefvfdfkc%@dby fhbfy fkkf/bcfsdbc 'dt-

kfpt cf'dfhtkb flfvbfyt,b? iefvfdfkvf egfce[f% @dby] 'dtkfpt cfe-

rtstcj pytj,bc vmjytyb fhbfy# (ovbylf /flbcb)&

bckfvb^ hovtybcf lf qdsbcvcf[eht,bc cfae.dtkpt flfvbfyt,bc ]e-

lb sdbct,t,bcf lf xdtdt,bcfufy sfdbc lfqotdfc lf rfhub pytj,bc vb-

qt,fc bcf[fdc vbpyfl& obyf sfdtt,ib fkkf/pt^ vbc fyutkjpt,pt^ ob-

uyt,pt^ iefvfdkt,pt^ cfbmbjpt^ ,tlbcothfcf lf ufyut,fpt^ vjhoveyt^

vkj]dtk^ vfh[dbc itvchekt,tk^ /fwj,fpt ofvcdktk lf ptmfsbc

uflfv[ltk flfvbfysf vbth it.tybk kfvfp sdbct,t,pt ufdfvf[dbkts

'ehflqt,f& fvfcsfy thsfl hovtybcf lf flfvbfybc qdsbcvcf[eht,bc

[fhbc[b] pytj,bc cbkfvfptcsfyff lfrfdibht,ekb^ fkkf/bc rvf'jab-

kt,bc vjgjdt,bc upf] rfhu pytj,fptf lfvjrblt,ekb&

bct^ hjujh] hovtybcf lf qds-

bcvcf[eht,bc cfae.dkt,b^ 'ehfyb-lfy

lf .dbhafcb iefvfdkbc ceyytst,bcfufy

dbcofdkts^ se hf fhbc rfhub^ kfvf-

pb^ cfcfhut,kj lf fvfcsfyfdt hf fhbc

]elb^ fhfcojhb lf cfpbfyj& bvbcfsd-

bc^ hjv rfhub pytj,bc db'js^ qvths-

bc ,h.fyt,t,c eylf lfdtvjhxbkjs^ fr-

ddbbyy]] ffkkkkff//bbccrrttyy ggbbhhcc

bb,,hheeyytt,,cc^̂ llffttvvjjhhxxbbkktt,,ff

vvffcc llff rrttssbbkkbbcc vvmmyyttkkbb

bbmmyytt,,ff^̂ bbcc xxffzzbblltt,,eekkbbff

vvnnrrbb]]tt yyffccrrddcc llff vvbbccbb

ccffmmvvtttt,,bbcc ccff,,jjkkjjjj iittllttuubb

ffkkkkff//bbccrrttyyffff vvbbvvffhhsseekkbb

(cehf kj'vfyb^ fbfsb 22)

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39

h.fkekc eylf vjdthbljs& tc ,h.fyt,t,b lf frh.fkdt,b thsv-

fytssfy rfdibhibf&

kfvfpb xdtdf^ hjvtkb] xdty udf[fcbfst,c^ sfdbcsfy thsfl rfhu

sdbct,t,c itud.tyc^ ]elb xdtdt,bcfufy ufyijht,fcf lf sfdbc lfqotd-

fib lfudt[vfht,f& flfvbfyb^ hjvtkb] ]lbkj,c b'jc cfvfhskbfyb^

c[dbcb eakt,t,bc vbvfhsf] gfnbdbc]tvbs vjbm]tdf& ltl-vfvfc^ fv-

[fyfut,c^ yfstcfdt,c^ ev]hjct,cf lf eahjct,c^ fkkf/bc ufxtybkc

gfnbdbc]tvbs vjtg'hj,f& fkkf/bc vbvfhs gfnbdbc]tvbc uh.yj,f vfc

gfce[cbvut,kj,t,c itf[ctyt,c&

ahsfvjnt[bkb xbnbcflvb^ mexfib vnbhfkb ,fdidbcflvb^ evotjc-

flvb lf lf[vfht,bc vs[jdytkbcflvb gfce[cbvut,kj,fc buh.yj,c tu-

jbcnj,fc lfsvj,c lf sfdufvjlt,bs lfbo't,c qvthsbcflvb vcf[eh-

t,fc& vbc bhudkbd cb,hfkekbsf lf jgnbvbcnehfl ufb[tlfdc lf ,j-

.t,ekb cbrtstt,bcfsdbc fkkf/bcflvb vflkbtht,fc ufvjsmdfvc& tc

vflkj,f vbc hovtyfc uff.kbtht,c& hovtyf rb ufv,tlfj,fc it/vfnt,c&

ecfvfhskj,bcf lf ite,hfkt,kj,bc obyffqvltu vfvf]fl b,h.-

jkt,c& fv ,h.jkbcfc cbvnrb]t lf vjsvbyt,f vjtvfnt,f& vjsvbyt,f

vfc ieqkbcfufy lfb]fdc& ,jhjnt,fpt cbrtsbs oby fqlujvfc bcofd-

kbc& fv[fyfuc^ hjvtkb] vb]tvek cbn'dfc fh fchekt,c^ vb]tvekb

cbn'dbc itchekt,bs sdbsjy vfufkbsc vbc]tvc&

cbn'dbc itchekt,bs gfnbdbc]tvfc lfbvcf[eht,c^ thsuek vtuj-

,hj,fc lffv'fht,c& c[dt,sfy vtuj,hj,f vfc iehbfyj,bcfufy lfb]fdc^

bc cfpjufljt,fc lf rjktut,c thsuekt,fc fxdtyt,c& fhfdbc lf fhf-

athc fh lffv]bht,c& vb[dlt,f^ hjv fkkf/bc vbth ufxtybk 'dtkf

fhct,fib cbkfvfpt fhct,j,c& ][jdht,fc rtsbkb sdfkbs it[ytlfdc

lf ,tlybthb bmyt,f^ fv[fyfut,c qbvbkbs vbtcfkvt,f^ vbc ,tlybtht,fc

ufhitvjv'jas ufepbfht,c&

.dbhafcb ve/fvvtl iefvfdfkb ,h.fyt,c% @bc dby]

gfnfht,c cb'dfhekbs lf cbyfpbs fh vjtg'hj,f lf

eahjct,bc afcb fh b]bc^ xdtysfufyb fhff# (ovbylf /flbcb)

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40

2& 'dbhafcb ve/fvvtl iefvfdfkb^hjujhw pytj,bc o.fhj

.dbhafcb ve/fvvtl iefvfdfkb^ hj]f fkkf/bc oth-

bkt,bc flfvbfyt,pt uflf]tvbc vjdfktj,fc fchekt,-

lf^ bvfdlhjekfl fv othbksf vjs[jdyt,bc 'dtkfpt

cfertstcjl itvchekt,tkb egbhdtktcfl sdbsjy

b'j& vbcb ][jdht,f 'dtkfpt cfertstcj cf[tkv.qdfy-

tkjf xdtysdbc bvbc v[hbd^ se hjujh eylf vjdbm]-

ts^ hfyfbh ufvjedfk vlujvfhtj,fib] eylf

fqvjdxylts& itudb.kbf .dbhafcb ve/fvvtl iefvfdkbc

][jdht,fc uflfdfdkjs sdfkb^ vfufkbsb fdbqjs lf

vfc vbd,f.js&

hf vlujvfhtj,fib^ hjujh bm]tjlf bc? hjltcf]

vbc ][jdht,fc itbcofdkbs^ fqvjfxtys efvhfd

vfufkbsc bvbcfc^ se hjujh bm]tjlf c[dflfc[df

vlujvfhtj,fib& hf] cojhb upbc vfxdtyt,tkb bmyt,f

smdtysdbc& fb hfvltybvt vfufkbsb smdtyc ][jdht,fib

vjcfkjlytkb vlujvfhtj,bcf lf hjujh vfufkbsc

udf.ktdc .dbhafcb iefvfdfkb&

ª hj]f vlblfhb lf mjyt,bc gfnhjyb [fh^ ufb-[ctyt .dbhafcb ve/fvvtl iefvfdkbc ueke[dj,f^ hj-

]f vfc mfhfdyt,b lf/'fdlf lf dfzhj,lf&

ª hj]f qfhb,b lf emjytkb [fh^ babmht bv vj-

svbyt,bc itcf[t,^ hj]f .dbhafcvf iefvfdfkvf cfvij-

,kj^ mjyt,f^ 'dtkfathb hf] uffxylf^ vbfnjdf lf vt-

mflfy vtlbyfib uflfcf[klf&

ª rkfcbc jhufybpfnjhj,bcfc ufb[ctyt .dbhafcb

ve/fvvtl iefvfdkbc cfvfhskbfyb vjm]tdf sfdbcb lh-

jbc vfqfkb ohbc cfpjufljt,bc vbvfhs^ hj]f bcbyb

vfc lftvjhxbkyty&

ª hj]f sfdc cecnfl lf vfhnjl uh.yj,^ ofhv-

ddaabb]]ffdd^̂

ffkkkkff//bbcc

iieeffvvffddffkkiibb

ffhhbbcc vvffuuffkkbb-

ssbb ssmmddttyyssdd-

bbcc^̂ bbvvbbccffssdd-

bbcc^̂ ddbbyy]]

vvjjttkkbbcc

ffkkkkff//bbcc

oobbyyffiitt ooffhh-

lluujjvvffcc llff

eerrffyyffccrryyttkk

llqqttcc llff

ff[[ccttyytt,,cc

ffkkkkff//cc

uuffvveellvvtt,,bbss

(cehf f/pf,b^

fbfsb 21)

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41

jblubyt .dbhafc ve/fvvtl iefvfdfkpt vtmfib sfdclfnt[bkb ufzb-

hdt,f lf odfkt,f&

ª hfbvt cfmvtib ufvfhwdt,bcfc^ vfufkbsb fbqt^ ,tlbhib^ /eytby-

cf lf vtmfib vnht,pt ,ho'bydfkt ufvfhwdt,bcfc .dbhafcb ve/fvvtl

iefvfdkbc vjmvtlt,bcfufy&

ª lfvfh][t,bcfc babmht .dbhafcb ve/fvvtl iefvfdkbc m]tdfpt^

hj]f bc e/elbc ,h.jkfib lfqegek (it/bl) lf lfzhbk sfdbc

vtuj,ht,c ijhbc lfvoe[ht,ekb lflbjlf^ vfuhfv bvtlc vfby] fh

/rfhufdlf&

ª se dbyvtc fcofdkb^ ufb[ctyt se hjujh fcofdkblf

cfvkj]dtkjib fv[fyfut,c .dbhafcb ve/fvvtl iefvfdfkb&

ª se rb dbyvtcufy hfbvtc cofdkj,^ babmht bvbc itcf[t,^ se

hjujh cofdkj,lf .dbhafcb ve/fvvtl iefvfdfkb qdsbeh v]yt,t,c

wt,hfbkbc obyfit lfxjmbkb&

ª se ubylf^ hjv 'jdtkudfhb lfv[vfhtc ufhtit^ cbrtsbcfsdbc

b,h.jkj lf cfvfhsfkb ufyf[jh]btkj^ ufb[ctyt lhj^ hjltcf]

.dbhafcb ve/fvvtl iefvfdfkb vtmfib cecnb b'j^ vfuhfv cfvfhsfkcf

lf ztivfhbnt,fc vfby] [vfvfqkf f][flt,lf&

ª se rb vjcfvfhskt fy hfbvt sfvfiib vcfwb [fh^ babmht bvfpt^

hj]f bckfvbc vjcdkfvlt /fwthektcdtlbc (ifdb mdbc) sfdbc flubkpt

lflt,bc uekbcfsdbc^ x[e,fvlt vbcekvf ‘ehtbibc njvbc kbltht,vf

hfnjv lfsfy[vlyty .dbhafcb ve/fvvtl iefvfdkbc vjcfvfhsktj,fc

lf vfy hjujhb uflfo'dtnbkt,f vbbqj&

fv[fyfut,sfy thsfl babmhts veckbvfyb flfvb-

fybc sfdbcsfdbcf lf jwf[bc obyfit fhct,ekb vjd-

fktj,t,bc itcf[t,& 'dtkfv fy,fybc hbuc vbf'jk-

jc sdfkb lf vfcpt vjotekb fcjsb lfo't,ekb

obyflflt,f itflubyjc&

vfufkbsfl%

f) fkkf/bcflvb qdsbcvcf[eht,f veckbvfybc vjdfktj,ff&

,) ,fdidt,vf eylf lfewthjy vij,kt,c lf itbcofdkjy^

hf tdfkt,f veckbvfyc&

u) ufzbhdt,eksf lf[vfht,f veckbvfybc vjdfktj,ff&

dby] cfsfyflj obyflflt,fc dth itflutyc^ sfvfiblfy ufdf&

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42

rrffhhbb vvttjjhhtt

xdtyb sfdbcf lf xdtyb j}f[bcobyfit fhct,ekb vjdfktj,t,b

@@iittyyvvff qqvvtthhssvvff

,,hh..ffyyff^̂ hhjjvv ffhh

ttssff''ddffyyjjss cc[[ddffcc^̂

uuffhhllff vvbbccbbccff llff

rrttssbbkkffll

vvjjttmmtt]]bbss

vviijj,,kktt,,cc&& ssee

vvjj[[ee]]lltt,,ff iittyyss-

ffyy^̂ tthhssbb vvffssuuffyybb

ffhh jjhhssffddtt^̂ ffhh

eess[[hhff vvffss @@ee//##-

bb]] rrbb^̂ llff ffhh]]

llffnneemmccjj bbccbbyybb^̂

nnrr,,bbkkbb ccbbnn''ddff

eess[[ffhhbb vvffss&&

uuffllffffaaffhhtt vvffss

((jjhhssffddttcc)) ssffddff-

ppbbffyyjj,,bbcc aahhssff

ccbb,,hhffkkeekkbbss llff

ssmmddbb%% xxttvvjj qqvvtthh-

ssjj^̂ iittbboo''ffkktt

bbccbbyybb^̂ hhjjuujjhh]]

ffqqvvppffhhllttcc vvtt

ggffnnffhhffjj,,bbccffcc##

(cehf bchf^

fbfsb 23-24)

xdty^ hjvkt,cf] udofvc^ hjv fkkf/b 'jdt-

ksdbc 'dtkfathc [tlfdc^ 'dtkf xdtyb vjmvtlt,f

afhekb se qbf ]yj,bkbf vbcsdbc^ xdtyc m]td-

t,c fvbc vb[tldbs dfy[jh]btkt,s& tc hovtyf

flfvbfyc vbcb cfmvbfyj,bc itltut,c fsdfkbcoby-

t,byt,c lf sfdbc vjdfktj,fib itvfdfkb cfmvtt-

,bc chekafcjdyfl itchekt,bcfrty vbvfhsfdc&

fvfc gfce[bcvut,kj,f /mdbf& gfce[bcvut,kj,f udf-

rbchbf^ hjujh] fkkf/bc^ flfvbfyt,bcf lf 'dt-

kf c[df ufxtybksf vbvfhs^ fctdt xdtyb cfresf-

hb sfdbcf lf xdtybdt jwf[bc vbvfhs& flfvbfyvf

c[dbc obyfit fqt,ekb gfce[bcvut,kj,t,b hjv

itfchekjc^ fvbcfsdbc wth sfdbcsf dbc obyfit

fhct,ekb gfce[bcvut,kj,t,b eylf itfchekjc&

@vfi lffltm cojh

upfc^ b'fd

vfhs

fkb^ bct^ hj

ujh] ut,h.fyf!

(cehf /elb^ fbfsb 112)

@fh

xffuljs

cfresfhb sfdb

cfresfhb [tk

t,bs cfahs

[tib#&

(cehf aehb-,f'fhf^ fbfsb 195)

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43

ª .dbhafcb ve/fvvtl iefvfdfkb ,h.fyt,c%@'dtkf ,fdidb veckbvyfl

b,flt,f# xdtyc ,eyt,fib v'jab sfylf'jkbkb cfvfhskbfyj,bcf lf

cbcgtnfrbc lf]df xdtyb cfresfhb sfdbc vbvfhs ths-thsb

evsfdhtcb vjdfktj,fsfufybf& hovtyf flfvbfybc 'dtkfpt .bhbsflb

vjs[jdybkt,ff& flfvbfyb v[jkjl hovtybs /gjdt,c cbvidbltc&

cbylbcb v[jkjl rfhub lf kfvfpb m]tdt,bs buh.yj,c idt,fc&

ª flfvbfybc zrebcf lf ujyt,bc vjs[jdybkt,f ]jlyff& se rb ]jlyf

hovtyfib ufthsbfylt,f^ flfvbfyb 'jdtkudfhb ,jhjnt,bcfufy

lf]ekb bmyt,f&

ª ]jlybc vbqt,bc eyfhb flfvbfybcfsdbc yf,j.t,b .fkbfy

vybidytkjdfyb cbrtstf& flfvbfyb^ hjvtkb] fv eyfhc fh ufvjb'tyt,c^

sfdbc zrefcf lf ujyt,fc ecfvfhskjl tm]tdf lf fkkf/bc vbth

,j.t,ekb fv cbrtsbcfsdbc vflkbtht,fc fh ufvj[fnfdc^

qvthsbcfufy lfbcwt,f

ª flfvbfyb^ se rb v]jlyt lf vjhoveytf^ qdsbcvcf[eht,bc itchekt,bc

fe]bkt,kj,fc buh.yj,c& qdsbcvcf[eht,f^ rb bct^ hjujh] fkkf/bc

vbvfhs gfnbdbc]tvf^ gbhjdyt,bc fvmdt'ybehb lf cfbmbjc ,tlybtht,bc

gbhj,ff& fvmdt'ybcf lf cfbmbjc ,tlybtht,bc vcehdtkb

flfvbfybcfsdbc^ sfdbcsfdbc obyfit fhct,ek vjdfktj,fsfufy

'dtkfpt vybidytkjdfyb qdsbcvcf[eht,bc itchekt,ff&

ª flfvbfyvf^ hjv 'dtkf tc vjdfktj,f itfchekjc^ fvbcfsdbc abpbreh

wfyvhstkj,fc eylf ufeahs[bkltc& xdtyb c[tekb lf

wfyvhstkj,f fkkf/bc vbth xdtypt vj]tvekb fyf,fhbf& 'dtkfyb fv

fyf,hbc lf]dbc vjdfktyb dfhs& xdtyb .dbhafcb iefvfdfkb ,h.fyt,c%

@ityb c[tekbc obyfit gfce[b eylf fuj# (ovbylf /flbcb)&

ª flfvbfyvf gbhdtkfl 'dtkfpt f[kj,kt,bc obyfit fhct,ekb

vjdfktj,t,b eylf itfchekjc& fv f[kj,tksfufy 'dtkfpt gbhdtkb

ltl-vfvff& vfs fh] cbn'dbs^ fh] m]tdbs lf fh] vjmvtlt,t,bs

fhfdbsfh itvs[dtdfib fh eylf dfo'byjs^ vfs vjvqbvfhb cf[bs lf

nr,bkb tybs eylf vjdtathjs^ vfsb cehdbkbcfvt,h vjmvtlt,f

xdtyc vjdfktj,t,c ijhbcff&

@fkkf/bcfsdbc 'dtkfpt cf'dfhtkb vjmvtlt,f sfdbc

lhjpt kj]df lf ltl-vfvfpt cbrtsbc ufrtst,ff#

(ovbylf /flbcb)

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44

ssffddbbccssffddbbccff llff jjwwff[[bbcc oobbyyffiitt ffhhcctt,,eekkbb ppyyttjj,,hhbbddbb

vvjjddffkkttjj,,tt,,bbcc vv]]jjllyytt vveecckkbbvvffyybb

ª cfmvtc^ hjvtkcf] frtst,c& ]lbkj,c hjv rfhufl uffrtsjc^ hflu-

fyf] b]bc^ hjv fkkf/bcf lf sfdbcb cbylbcbc obyfit dfklt,ekbf&

ª bvbcfsdbc bhwt,f& hjv hf] vfc fcofdktc^ rfhufl lfbcofdkjc lf

]jlyf fbvfqkjc&

ª fhf vfhnj c[dt,bc obyfit^ fhfvtl cfresfhb sfdbc vbvfhsf]

cfvfhskbfybf&

ª se rb rtsbklqtj,fcf lf cbe[dtc vbfqotdc^ qvthsc vflkj,fc

itcobhfdc& se ufzbhdt,fcf lf [tkvjrktj,fib xfdfhlf^ fh itibylt,f&

b]bc^ hjv hfcf] eylf uflft'fhjc& 'dtkfathib vbcsdbc cbrtst lf cbkfvf-

pt fhct,j,c&

ª b]bc^ hjv hf] vbc itcf.kt,kj,fc fqtvfnt,f^ bvfpt gfce[bcvut,tkb

fhff& vbc itcf.kt,kj,t,pt fqvfnt,ekb cfmvbc itechekt,kj,bc ufvj

oe[bkb fh fmdc^ hflufy - @fkkf/b fhfdbc frbcht,c bvfc^ hf] flfvbfybc

.fkfc fqtvfnt,f# (cehf ,f'fhf aehb&286)

ª b]bc^ hjv hjujh] rfhub^ bct ]elb cfmvbcfsdbc cfvfubthjc vbbqt,c&jwf[ib vbc gfce[bcvut,kj,fib fhct,ekb vjdfktj,t,bc c[dfpt lfrbcht,fc

fh ]lbkj,c&

ª tujbcnj,fc ufyijhlt,f^ jwf[bc otdht,bc vbvfhs vbcb cb'dfhekb

lf cbf[kjdt vjbvfnt,c^ b]bc^ hjv tc c[dt,sfy lfvjrblt,ekt,fib

lflt,bs ve[nc itbnfyc&

ª .dbhafcb ve/fvvtl iefvfdkbc ][jdht,blfy fbqt,c vfufkbsc& sfdbc

jwf[cf lf yfstcfdt,c ijhbc ehsbthsj,t,c vbc vjmvtlt,t,c itecf,fvt,c&

ª ghj,ktvt,bc obyfit cecnb fhff& ]lbkj,c^ hjv vjfudfhjc&

ª b]bc^ hjv edb]fl vjmvtlt,f ufv,tlfj,f rb fhf^ obylfe[tlfj,f lfe]jlbyfhj,ff&

ª ]lbkj,c^ hjv 'jdtksdbc cojhfl vjbm]tc&

sfdb smdtysdbc cfj]yt,j ghjacbbc flfvbfyfl ofhvjblu-

byts& vfufkbsfl% by;bythb^ tmbvb^ vfcofdkt,tkb^ vahbyfdb^

fhmbntmnjhb&&& xfvjf'fkb,ts^ se hfc eylf vbfm]bjs 'e-

hflqt,f cfvcf[eht,hbdb vjdfktj,bc itchekt,bcfc&

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45

bbvvccwwttkkttss mmddttvvjjss vvjj]]ttvveekkbb ccffrrbbss[[tt,,bbcc iittccff[[tt,,&&

& babmhts xdtyb c[tekbc jhufyjt,bc vjdfktj,t,bc

itcf[t,& hf vj[lt,f^ se rb xdtyc jhufyjsfufy

ths thsb sfdbc aeym]bfc fh itfchekt,c?

& hf fhbc jwf[bc otdhsf vjdfktj,t,b? hf vj[lt,f^

se rb jwf[bc otdht,b vjdfktj,t,c fh

itfchekt,ty?

ª fhfcjltc esfd,jkjl fh lf[fhwfdc aekc^ cb.eyobcfufy

ijhc lufc^ eahjct,bcf lf gfnfht,bc obyfit kvj,bthfl^

vjsvbyt,bs lf gfnbdbc]tvbs bm]tdf&

ª efh'jabsb cbnef]bt,bc lhjc cfmvtc fexmfht,kfl^

feqtkdt,kfl^ cbvidblbc lf]dbs vbelut,f& eh'tdfl lf

vnrb]t yt,bc'jabs vjmvtlt,c&

ª ][jdht,fc fkkf/bcvbthb otct,bc vb[tldbs vjbo'j,c lf

,jkjvlt eibihfl lf 'ehflqt,bs itentdc cb.ytktt,c&

ª fh itiehlt,f sfdbcb .vt,bc fy c[dt,bc^ 'dtkfc vbvfhs

cekuh.tkbf&

ª vbc 'dtkf vjmvtlt,fcf lf cbn'dfib thsuekt,f buh.yj,f&

mmddttvvjjss vvjj]]ttvveekkbbff mm]]ttddbbcc ppjjuubbtthhssbb oottccbb&& rrffhhuubb vveecckkbbvv-

ffyybbccffssddbbcc vvbbccffqqtt,, vvjjmmvvttlltt,,ffcc cc ((ccoojjhhbb))^̂ vvbbeeqqtt,,ttkk

vvjjmmvvttlltt,,ffcc ff ((ffhhffccoojjhhbb)) ,,uutthhff llffeeccddbbss&&

( ) fh bmehlt,c

( ) cbn'dfc fh itbyf[fdc^ zjhbrfyff

( ) fpfhnek sfvfic fh sfvfij,c

( ) tujbcnbf^ 'jdtksdbc sfdbcsfdpt

abmhj,c

( ) ufzbhdt,ekt,c t[vfht,f

( ) c[dbc mjyt,fc eyt,fhsjl fbqt,c

( ) sfdbc ufvjcfhxtyc e'eht,c&

c[dbcfc vybidytkj,fc fh fybzt,c&

( ) bcts cfcvtkt,c fh b'tyt,c^

hjvtkb] vfc pbfyc vbf'tyt,c

( ) vfcpt vb,fht,ek^ lfnjdt,ek

mjyt,fc fh egfnhjyt,c

( ) gbhjdyt,bc eakt,fc

eahs[bklt,f^ dbyvtc ecfvfhskjl

fh tm]tdf&

( ) /fhfvc fh itzfvc^ /fkfk

vjut,fc t.t,c&

( ) cbn'dfc fh itfchekt,c

( ) pjvfcf lf ojyfib vjfn'et,c

( ) j,jkcf lf ufzbhdt,ekc lfb]fdc

( ) fxmfht,ekb lf vjesvtytkbf

( ) vjgbhlfgbhtc vjfn'et,c

( ) fh bvheit,c

( ) vjvqbvfhbf^ dbyvtc fh tehxt,f

( ) mhsfvc fbqt,c lf vbc]tvc

( ) dfkbc lhjekfl uflfv[ltkb

fhff

( ) ufrtst,ek cbrtstc lff'dtlhbc

( ) 'dtkfahbc vbvfhs /evfyehb lf

vjo'fktf&

( ) n'ebkc fh bn'dbc&

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46

rrffhhbb vvttccffvvtt

vjdfktj,t,b xdtyb ufhtvjcf lfrfwj,hbj,bc obyfit

@@//ttbb vvjjhhoovveeyyttyyjj!!

bb''ffddbbss

ffkkkkff//ssffyy ((vvffhhss-

ffkk)) iitteeddffkkyybb

ccbbvvffhhsskkbbccffssddbbcc

vvjjoovvttjj,,ffiibb&& ffhh

uubb,,bb..uujjss ((ssmmddttyy))

[[ffkk[[bbcc

vv..eekkddffhhtt,,ffvv

eeccffvvffhhsskkjj,,bbccffrr-

ttyy&& bb''ffddbbss ccffvvffhh-

sskkbbffyyyybb&&&&!! ttcc

eeaahhjj ff[[kkjjff

qqddssbbccvvjjiibb-

iijj,,ffccssffyy llff

uuttiibbyyjjllttss

ffkkkkff//bbccff^̂

eettzzddttkkffll

ffkkkkff//bb vv]]jjllyyttff

hhffccff]]

ccxxffllbb[[ffhhss##

(cehf vfblt-ceahf^

fbfsb 8)

bckfvbc pytj,f 'dtkf flfvbfybc .bhbsfl

eakt,t,pt gfnbdbc]tvfc vjbs[jdc& 'dtkf flfvb-

fyc^ mjyt,bc fkfkb upbs ijdybc^ flfvbfyt,pt

gfnbdbc vbut,bc^ c[df flfvbfyt,sfy sfyfcojhj,-

bc^ gbhfl cfmvtt,ib xfehtdkj,bc^ rdt,bc^ lf,by-

fdt,bcf lf vcufdcb .bhbsflb vjs[jdybkt,t,bc

lfrvf'jabkt,bc eakt,f uffxybf&

veckbvfyt,b 'dtkf fqvcfht,kj,bc flfvbfysf

eakt,t,c gfnbdbc]tvbs tg'hj,bfy& eahj vtnb]^

vfs .vt,fl vbbxytdty lf sfdc vjdfktl sdkbfy

v[fhib fvjeluyty ufzbhdt,fib lf lft[vfhjy

cb.ytktt,bc uflfkf[dfib& ufcfzbhib xfdfhly-

bkbc ghj,ktvfc vjyljvt,bs^ uekbsflfl lf

lfepfht,kfl vjudfht,fc ]lbkj,ty& dby]

,jhjnt,fc ufertst,c^ vfs vbvfhs vbvntdt,tkyb

fhbfy^ cb.ekdbkc fh fnfht,ty& bvbcfsdbc^ hjv

bubdt cbukf[t vtjhtl fh vjedblts& sflfhbubs

lf 'ehflqt,bs bm]tdbfy&

xdtyc .dbhafc iefvfdfkc /rbs[tc% @'dtkf-

pt [tbhbfyb flfvbfyb dbyff?

iefvfdfkvf egfce[f% @flfvbfyb^ hjvtkcf]

cfpjufljt,bcfsdbc 'dtkfpt

vtnb cbrtst vjfmdc#& (ovbylf /flbcb)

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47

@@//ttbb vvjjhhoovveeyyttyyjj!!

tt..bbttss llff[[vvffhhtt,,ff

((ffkkkkff//bbccff))

vvjjssvvbbyytt,,ffccff llff

kkjj]]ddffiibb&&

eettzzddttkkffll

ffkkkkff//bb vvjjvvssvv-

ttyytt,,ssffyyffff##

(cehf-aehb^

fbfsb 153)

@ehoveyjt,b fkkf/cf lf ztivfhbn vjhoveytt,c fn'et,ty&&&

fhflf^

v[jkjl cfresfh sfdc fn'et,ty lf dth] rb [dlt,bfy#

(cehf-aehb^ fbfsb)

f[ctybs hfc ybiyfdc @[fkfcb cbn'df lf uekohatkj,f?#

ff[[ccttyybbss^̂ hhffcc yybbiiyyffddcc ##ssffddbbcc vvjjnn''eett,,ff&&## ??

veckbvfyt,b 'jdtksdbc ufycfresht,ekb

phlbkj,bs bm]tdbfy& hj]f dbyvtc it[dlt,bfy^

tcfkvt,bfy^ kfvfpb cbn'dt,bs vbvfhsfdty& hj-

]f ufzbhdt,fib v'jac yf[fdty^ vbcb lf[vfht,bc-

fsdbc c[dfc fh tkjlt,bfy& sdbsjy t[vfht,bfy&

ufhitvj lflt,bsb ]dkbkt,t,bc ufnfht,bc tyt-

hubfc cfresfh sfdib gjekj,ty& &qbhct,t,pt^

afctekj,t,pt lf eakt,t,pt se bmyf itvjn-

tdf^ ,jkjvlt b,h.jkt,ty& dbc vbvfhsf] eylf

b'jc^ ecfvfhskj,fc fh ittuet,bfy& ecfvfhsk-

j,fib xfdfhlybksf eakt,t,c b]fdty& b]bfy^

hjv cfhxj /fkfkb upbs eylf bijdjy^ fh bd-

bo't,ty .dbhafcb ve/fvvtl iefvfdkbc cbn'dt,c%

@dby] dfzhj,fib cbvfhsktc fh uflfe[dtdc^ uf-

yrbs[dbc lqtc iefvfdkt,sfy thsfl bmyt,f# (ov-

bylf /flbcb) bcbyb ufyehxtdkfl 'dtkfc% vlbl-

fhcf lf qfhb,c^ .kbthcf lf cecnc^ thsyfbh-

fl tg'hj,bfy& vfs cwthfs^ hjv .kbthb rb fh

fhbc vfhsfkb^ fhfvtl vfhsfkbf .kbthb& b]bc^

hjv bc^ hf] vbc cfresht,fibf^fkkf/bc vbth

vfcpt vb,fht,ekb fyf,ht,bf& &flfvbfyt,b^ dbcf]

bcbyb t[vfht,bfy^ vfs obyfit sfdc dfklt,ekfl

fh xfsdkbfy&

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48

flfvbfyb^ hjvtkvf] b]bc ufhtvjcf lf

'dtkf flfvbfybc obyfit sfdbcb

vjdfktj,t,b&

ª b]bc^ hjv vfhnj sfdbcsdbc fh ][jdhj,c

lf t]lt,f^ hf] itb.kt,f vtnb cbrtst

frtsjc flfvbfyt,bcfsdbc

ª fv[fyfuj,fcf lf vtuj,hj,fc lbl

vybidytkj,fc fybzt,c^ vfssfy 'jdtksdbc

thsuekbf&

ª hf cfblevkj,t,cf] uffylj,ty^ itbyf[fdc&

c[dbcb ][jdht,bc vbvfhs gfnbdbc]tvbsff

ufyo'j,bkb&

ª pehuc erfy dbyvtc ]elfl fh f[ctyt,c^

fh] ]elc ufbabmht,c&

ª c[dfc fh lfc]byt,c& b]bc^ hjv vbc obyfit

v'jab] vbcyfbhb flfvbfybf lf fvbc

vb[tldbs vjmvtlt,c&

ª uf,hfpt,bcfc ite.kbf ,hfpbc lfjrt,f^

]lbkj,c^ bct bvjmvtljc^ hjv ,jkjc fh

byfyjc&

ª eahjccf lf ev]hjcc^ ufyehxtdkfl

'dtkfc sfdfpbfyfl tg'hj,f&

ª ptmfsbc^ abshbc lf vcufdcb

vfnthbfkehb dfklt,ekt,t,bc

itchekt,bs fh bafhukt,f& b]bc^ hjv

qbvbkb] rb ths thsb lf[vfht,f lf

cbrtstf&

@@//ttbb vvjjhhoovveeyy-

ttyyjj!!ffhh iitt[[ddbbllttss

ssmmddttyybb ccff[[kkssffdd-

ccbbcc uuffhhllff cc[[ddff

ccff[[kkiibb^̂

ddbbllhhtt yytt,,ffcc ffhh

ffbbqqtt,,ss llff ffhh

vvbbttccffkkvvtt,,bbss bbvv

ccff[[kkbbcc oottddhhtt,,cc&&

ttcc eerrttssttccbbff

ssmmddttyyssddbbcc&&

bbvvttllbbff llffee-

aabbmmhhlltt,,bbss##

(cehf yehb -cbyfskt^

fbfsb 27)&

ddffbb^̂ ppeehhuucc eerrffyy

vvjjkkffggffhhrrtttt,,ccff

llff ssddffkk-ooffhh,,bbcc

vvjjmmvvttlltt,,bbss^̂

vvbbvvbbrrbbss cc[[ddbbcc

vvffcc[[hhffll

ffvvuulltt,,tt,,cc^̂hhjjvvkktt

,,bb]] mmjjyytt,,ffcc

ffuuhhjjddtt,,ttyy llff

uuffvveellvvtt,,bbss

bbssddkkbbffyy vvffcc##

(cehf-/evtpt^

fbfsb 1-2)

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49

ª b]bc^ hjv yfvldbkb lf[vfht,f v[jkjl

rtsbkb cfmvtt,bs itb.kt,f& ]lbkj,c

]elb cfmvtt,bc xfvltyyb xfvjfijhjc fv

cfmvbfyj,fc&

ª vbcufy lf[vfht,bc vs[jdytk flfvbfyc

sfyfeuh.yhj,c lf ]elfl fh vbvfhsfdc&

'jdtksdbc f[cjdc fkkf/bc lfhbut,f -

@ahs[bkfl^ vs[jdytkt,c fh ufeo'ht!#

(cehf le/f^ fbfsb 10)

ª b]bc^ hjv uf]tvbs fhfathb vjfrklt,f

lf cwthf^ hjv vbcb mjyt,bc ,fhfmf

ufpbfht,bc itvs[dtdfib vjbvfnt,c&

ª hj]f dbyvtpt lf[vfht,f eylf^ ufb[ctyt,c

fkkf/bc lfhbut,fc% @dth vbcodlt,bs

cbrtstc^ dblhtvlbc fh ufc]tvs

bvfsfufy^ hf] ut.dbhafct,fs^ [jkj

hfcf] bvjo'fkt,kt,s^ etzdtkfl^

fkkf/vf] eo'bc (cehf fkb bvhfyb

fbfsb 92)& bv mjyt,fc rb fh ufc]tvc^ hf]

fh vjcojyc lf hbc uflfult,f] eylf^

fhfvtl kfvfp lf rfhu mjyt,fc ufc]tvc&

ª lf[vfht,fc v[bfhekb cf[bs ufcotdc lf

fh lff'dtlhbc&

ª lf[vfht,fc c[dbc lfcfyf[fl fh frtst,c^

bct vjbm]tdf^ hjv vfhwdtyf [tkbs

vb]tvekc^ vfh][tyf [tkb dth [tlfdltc&

@@ //ttbb vvjjhhoovveeyy-

ttyyjj!! ffhh zzffvvjjss

mmjjyytt,,ff ssmmddttyybb

ssmmddttyy iieeff eevvffhh-

sskkjjll^̂ uuffhhttiitt

((bbvvbbccff))^̂ ssee

bbmmyytt,,ff ((ssmmddttyyiibb))

ddffzzhhjj,,ff-uuffhhbbuutt,,ff

ssmmddttyybbddtt

eehhssbbtthhssssffyy[[vvjj,,

bbss llff ffhh __

vvjj//rrkkffss

cceekktt,,bb ssmmddttyybb&&

eettzzddttkkffll^̂

ffkkkkff//bbff ssmmddttyybb

iittvvoo''yyffhhtt,,ttkkbb##

(cehf ybcf^

fbfsb 29)

@etzdtkfl bcbyb&

hjvkt,vf] smdtyc

xdtyb qvthsb

fkkf/bf& itvltu

cgtnfrb

][jdht,bs

][jdhj,ty^ fh

bmyt,f vfssdbc

ibib lf fh]

lfvoe[hlt,bfy&

fb^ bcbyb fhbfy

cfvjs[bc vrdbl-

hyb^ cflf]

cfvelfvjl

lfhxt,bfy^

cfpqfehfl bvbcf^

hfcf]

frtst,lyty#&

(cehf f/mfab&

fbfsb 13-14)

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50

yytt,,bbccvvbbtthh ddbbyyvvttpptt vvjj[[vvjj,,ff

yjdtkf t[t,f js[ gbhj-

dyt,fc& tctybf ''ddttkkff^̂ tthhssbb

vvffssuuffyybb^̂ yytt,,bbccvvbbtthhbb lf ffhh-

ffddbbyy&&

vybidytkjdfyb cfmvt

eylf ufrtst,ekb'j lf

''ddttkkffcc cwthjlf^ hjv fv

cfmvtc tthhssbb vvffssuuffyybb uffrt-

st,lf& cbyfvldbktib fv cfmvbc ufrts-

t,f yytt,,bbccvvbbtthhccff]] itt.kj^ vfuhfv ffhhffddbbyy fh uffrtsf&

fvbc ufvj tthhssbb vvffssuuffyybb .fkbfy uf,hfplf^ hflufyf] cfmvt ''ddttkkffccbb b'j&

''ddttkkff abmhj,lf^ hjv fv cfmvbc ufrtst,f yytt,,bbccvvbbtthhcc itt.kj^ vfuhfv

ddbbyyvvtt dth [dlt,jlf^ hjv ''ddttkkff fvfc dth uffrtst,lf& cfmvt^ hjvkbc uf-

rtst,f yytt,,bbccvvbbtthhcc itt.kj^ hj]f ffhhffddbbyy fh uffrtsf^ ,jkjc ''ddttkkffvv

tthhssbb vvffssuuffyybb lfflfyfifekf&

ª bc mdtitdhljvt,c lf thsfl vjveifdt flfvbfyt,c

cfvfhskbfyfl lf cb,hfkekbs tm]tdf

ª bvbcfsdbc^ hjv dbyvtc ecfvfhskjl fh vjtm]tc^ 'ehflqt,bs

vjmvtlt,c& j,btmnehbf^ vbcb f[kj,tkb] hjv ecfvfhskjl

bm]tjltc^ bc cfvfhskbfyj,bc v[fhtpt lflut,f&

ª b]bc^ hjv fkkf/b cfvfhskbfybf lf vfc tylj,f&

ª dbyvtc fh itf]ltyc& xdtyb .dbhafcb iefvfdfkb ,h.fyt,c%

@vjvn'et,tkb fy lfvpfhfkt,tkb fy ],bthb xdtysfufyb fhff#

(ovbylf /flbcb)

ª 'jdtksdbc cbn'dbc gfnhjybf& fhfdbsfh itvs[dtdfib fh

n'ebc&

ª hj]f vtpj,tkb edfi[vjlff^ sdbsjy vf.qfhb fh lfodt,f&

ª fdflv'jat,c vjbyf[ekt,c&

ª j,kt,c b]fdc lf 'ehflqt,fc fm]tdc&

rbs[dt,b itafct,bcfsdbc%1& se uflft'fhts bcts itvs[dtdfc^

hj]f gfce[cbvut,kj,fc 'dtkf c[dfpt

fult,c? hf cf[bc ghj,ktvt,b vj/'dt,f

fvfc?

2& se fhbfy smdtyc bhudkbd bctsb

gbhjdyt,t,b^ hjvkt,b] gbhjdyekcf

se cfpjufljt,hbd gfce[bcvut,kj,t,c

bct fchekt,ty fh] rb lfc]lt,fs%@ vt

hf vtyfqdkt,f^ c[dt,vf blfhljy#

&bvcwtkts fv[fyfut,sfy fv flfvbfyt,bc

vbth cfpjufljt,hbd cfmvbfyj,fib vjy-

fobktj,bc sfj,fpt&

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51

oovvbbyyllff jjvvffhhbbcc ccffvvffhhssffkkbb

ovbylf jvfhb sfdbcb [fkbaj,bc gthbjlib ths

cfqfvjc sfdbc jsf[ib veifj,lf& fv lhjc cnevfhb

todbf& jvfhvf cnevfhb sfdfpbfyfl vbbqj lf vfcsfy

vecfbab ufvfhsf& ovbylf jvfhb vfibydt ofvjluf lf

cfystkb xffmhj^ vbc yf]dkfl c[df cfystkb ffysj^

cnevfhb ufj]t,ekb e'eht,lf ovbylf jvfhc& dth-

fathb uftuj^ ,jkjc dtqfh vjbsvbyf lf /rbs[f%

@tct] cfystkbf lf bc^ vtjht] cfystkb b'j& jh-

bdt thsyfbhfl fyfst,c& thsb hfnjv xffmht lf vtjht

ffyst?

ovbylf jvfhvf fct egfce[f%

@cfystkb^ hjvtkb] xfdfmht^ [fk[bc aekbsff yf-

'blb& hj]f gbhfl cfveifjc dfchekt,^ fv[fyfut,c dt-

cfe,ht,b^ bv cfyskbc cfhut,kj,bc eakt,f fhf vfm-

dc& fvbnjv cfystkb xfdfmht lf xtvb aekbs yf'blb

fdfyst&#

1& fv ntmcnbc vb[tldbs cfvfhskbfyj,f hf vjmvt-

lt,fibf ufvj[fnekb?

2& gfnfhf e'ehflqt,j,bc ufvj se ituvs[dtdbfs

bctsb hfv^ hjvtkb] ecfvfhskj,fc iteo'j,lf [t-

kc? lffcf[tkts vfufkbsb&

3& fv ntmcnbc vb[tldbs itt]flts ufycfwjs cf[t-

kvobaj vjqdfobc gfce[cbvut,kj,f cfpjufljt,bc

obyfit&

hjujh bvjmvtlt,c ehsbthslf[vfht,f cfpju-

fljt,hbd ehsbthsj,t,pt? fv rbs[dfpt

fv[fyfut,sfy bvcwtkts& fv[fyfut,sfy bvcwtkts

se hjujh offmtpt,s ufhitvj v'jas bvbcfs-

dbc^ hjv b'dyty ehsbthslf[vfht,bc vjcehytyb?

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52

vfhsfkb cbn'df lf qbvbkb veckbvfyb flfvbfybcfsdbc

sfdbc ufhitvjv'jasf obyfit ths-tthsb gfce[bcvut,kj,ff&

smdty] veckbvfyb cfpjufljt,bc vbvfhs gfce[bcvut,kj,bc

[esb vfufkbsb lfcff[tkts&

@@vveecckkbbvvffyybb

vveecckkbbvvffyybbcc ..vvffff&&

vvffcc ffhh

eeqqffkkffnntt,,cc&&

zzhhbbkkjj,,ffcc ffhh

vvbbff''ttyytt,,cc^̂

ffhh llffffvv]]bbhhtt,,cc##

(ovbylf /flbcb)

@@vvjjhhoovveeyytt

((vveevvbbyybb)) bbccttssbb

ddbbyyvvttff^̂ hhjjvvttkkbb]]

ffllffvvbbffyytt,,cc

iittttoo''jj,,ff llff

ffllffvvbbffyytt,,bb]]

iittttoo''jj,,bbffyy vvffcc&&

ccbbrrttsstt ffhhffff

bbccttss ffllffvvbbffyyiibb^̂

hhjjvvttkkbb]]

ffhh ffvv''ffhhtt,,cc

ff[[kkjj,,kkjj,,ffcc llff

ffhh]] vvffccssffyy

ffhhbbcc

iittccff..kktt,,ttkkbb

ff[[kkjj,,kkjj

,,bbcc llffvv''ffhhtt,,ff##

(ovbylf /flbcb)

hhffcc uuddffccooffddkkbbcc ..ddbbhhaaffccbb

vvee//ffvvvvttll iieeffvvffddffkkbb

ª dby] vjhoveyt .vbc cf-

zbhjt,t,c lffrvf'jabkt,c^

fkkf/b vfcf] sfdbc cfzbhj-

t,t,c lfervf'jabkt,c!

ª dby] veckbvfyc ufzbh-

dt,bcfufy b[cybc^ fkkf/b vfc

ufyrbs[dbc lqtc ufycf]ltkc

uflffhxtyc&

ª dby] veckbvfyc xff]vt-

dc^ fkkf/b vfc ufyrbs[dbc

lqtc xff]vtdc (ovbylf /flbcb)

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53

llff[[vvffhhtt,,bbcc ..ffkkff ''ddttkkffcc iittccoottddcc

crjkbc rtlkt,pt sfdbceafkb flubkb fqfh b'j& v[fhlfz-

thbcf lf lf[vfht,bc cfpjufljt,hbdb jhufybpf]bf ufcek rdbh-

fc vtpj,tk mfkfmib vjv[lfhb vbobc.dhbc itltufl lfpfhfkt,-

eksf lfcf[vfht,kfl fabit,bs e[vj,lf vjcofdktt,c& ,fdidt,b

nhfutlbbc itltufl ecf[krfhjl lfhxtybk^ f[kj,kt,lfrfhu-

ek^ vibth lf vo'ehdfkt flfvbfysf lfcf[vfht,kfl aecaect,-

lyty& [ibhfl bcvjlf vjojlt,f% @lf[vfht,bc .fkf 'dtkfc itc-

otdc#& sev]f [ectbyb abmhj,lf^ hjv cbn'df fh b'j cojhb^ vb-

cb fphbs^ ufzbhdt,eksf lfcf[vfht,kfl cfzbhj b'j cbvlbl-

ht& vfvbc cbrdlbkbc itvltu [ectbybc vfnthbfkehb vlujvfht-

j,f ufefhtclf lf lfpfhfkt,eksf lfcf[vfht,kfl vbcf]tvb

aekb fh /mjylf& cfmdtkvjmvtlj fm]bfv cfv lqtc ufcnfyf& ,j-

kjc ituhjdt,ekb ybdst,bc cfndbhsj vfymfyfpt lfndbhsdfc

iteluyty& [ectbyb [tkib gfrtnbs vjrh.fkt,bs uftvupfdhf cr-

jkfib& rfht,sfy sfyfrkfctkb jcvfyb itvj[dlf& &fh] jcvfybc

vfnthbfkehb vlujvfhtj,f b'j rfhub& ltlfvbcb lfvkfut,kfl

veifj,lf& jcvfyb vfymfyfpt ybdst,bc ndbhsdbs lfqkbkb'j& vfy

[ectbyc lfyf[dbcsfyfdt gfrtnbc itcf[t, /rbs[f% hfc fupfdyb

vbobc.dhbc pjyfib? [ectbyvf egfce[f% tc xtvb ,fdidj,bc

lhjbyltkb cf,fybf^ hj]f lfd,flt,ekdfh^ ltlfc iterthbyt,bf&

cfvoe[fhjl^ vbc ufvj'tyt,fvlt ufhlf]dkbkf& ltlbc cf[cjdhfl

dbyf[fdlb& vbobc.dhbc pjyfib^ rfhdt,ib lfhxtybk ,fdidt,c dby

b]bc^ hjujh c]bdfs^ erdt lhjf^ fv cf,fyvf ufzbhdt,fib v'jab

uffs,jc& cbyfvldbktib bm lblb lf[vfht,bc ufupfdyff cfzbhj

fct evybidytkjdfytcb rb fhf& &jcvfyvf fv[fyfuc egfce[f& cekf]

fh dabmhj,^ hjv evybidytkjf^ lblb lf gfnfhf lf[vfht,f fh

fhct,j,c& uf]tvekb 'dtkfathb vbc flubkfc lf cfvfubthjc

yf[fdc& vt rb cf,fyb] fh vfmdc^ hjv vbd]t^ vfuhfv fh] vbabmhbf^

hjv fh dt[vfht,b& fct hjv vtabmhf^ cfndbhsj vfymfyfpt thsb

vndbhsfdbs yfrkt,b bmyt,jlf lf fvbnjv cfndbhsj lfudbfyt-

,bs ofdbljlf& vt^ vbobc.dhbs lfpfhfkt,ekt,pt lf[vfht,bcfs-

dbc fkkf/c dtdtlht,b&

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54

hjujh eylf vjbm]tc fbit?

o'kbc ufvf][tkt,tkb ,frbc ufceasfdt,bcfc

,frblfy lfqdhbkb ][tkb o'kbs fbitc sfyfrk-

fctkvf afnbvfv [tkt,b lf cf[t lfbodf& afnbvfcs-

dbc lfcf[vfht,kfl crjkfib aekbc ituhjdt,f

lfbo'tc& afnbvfc se [tkt,cf lf cf[tpt cfcohfa-

jl vrehyfkj,f fh xfenfhlt,jlf^ lfvodhj,bc

rdfkb itb.kt,f lfhxtyjlf& fbit idblb sdt rjvgbenthbc cf'blkfl

aekc fuhjdt,lf& fqfh b]jlf hf tmyf^ @bvfc dbqf]f vfby]

lft[vfht,f# ufbabmhf fbitv& hflufyf] rjvgbenthbc 'bldf vbcsdbc

.fkbfy vybidytkjdfyb b'j&

hjujh vjbm]tjlbs fcts vlujvfhtj,fib hjv 'jabkb'fdbs?

lfothts vjs[hj,bc ufuh.tkt,f&

.dbhafcb ve/fvvtl iefvfdfkb ,h.fyt,c%

@veckbvfyb veckbvfybc .vff vfc ite,hfkt,kfl fh vjtm]tdf^

vfc cfahs[tib vfhnjl fh lfnjdt,c&#

(veckbvb^ ,bhhb^ 58)

''eehhffyyiibb oovvbbyyllff kkjj''vvffyybb iiddbbkkcc ffccttss llffhhbbuutt,,ffcc ff..kkttddcc%%

/tb idbkj! etzdtkfl^ ityb ufrtst,ekb cfmvtt,b vljudbc vfh]dkbc

jltyf] hjv b'jc lf vbvfkekb rkltib fy ]fsf ibyf^ fylf ltlfvbofib^

cfzbhj lhjc ufvjfvpteht,c vfc fkkf/b& hfvtse fkkf/b 'jdtkbdtc

v]jlytf lf v]yj,bthbf (cehf kj'vfyb& fbfsb 16)&

@cbrtst /mty pqdfib uflffult^se vfc stdpb dth

vb[dlt,f& ufvxtyvf b]bc&#

@vflkb /mtyb mdfpt lflt^ ufbfht^ oby lfud[lt,f#

fv fylfpbc itcf[t, fv[fyfut,sfy bvcwtkts&

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55

rrhhjjccddjjhhllbb

1& fkkf/bc othbkt,bc iefvfd-

fkpt xfvjvnfyb fyutkjpbc

cf[tkb

2& ]jldbksf cfv'jatkb cfbm-

bjib

3& vtxtsbc ptvjs fqvfhsekb

rjirb^ cfblfyf] vkj]dtkt,c

cfkj]fdfl e[vj,ty&

4& velvbdb cfv'jatkb flubkb

fv mdt'ybc itvltu

5& fkkf/b

6& lfvwtht,tkb^ hjvtkcf]

cofvc

7& bckfvbc vbvltdfhb

8& fkkf/bc cf[tkt,bc rht,e-

kb& fkkf/bc kfvfpb cf[tkt,b

9& bc^ hf] yfvldbkbf^ n'ebkb

fh fhbc& cbyfvldbkt

10 ovbylf o'fkb vtmfib

11& vflkbfy [fk[sf cfv'-

jatkb cfbmbjib

12& xdtyb cfhoveyjt,f

13& fkkf/bc vbth btcj iefvf-

dfkpt ufhlvjdktybkb obuybc

cf[tkb&

14& b,hf/bv iefvfdkbc idbkb^

hjvtkb] vfvfc 'eh,yfl eylf it-

tobhf&

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56

rhjcdjhlb ud& 55

rhjcdjhlb ud& 35

rrhhjjccddjjhhlltt,,bbcc ggffccee[[tt,,bb

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55