3 Plant Nut & Tran Nor

8/17/2019 3 Plant Nut & Tran Nor

1/98

Unit 3: 22.03Plant Nutrition and

Transport


2/98

How do plants get their food ?

The soil was watered but nothing else was added. After 5 years, the

tree had gained 74kg in weight but the soil had lost only 52g.

van Helont !on!luded that the tree had ade 74kg of new growth

fro water alone.

"#.72kg soil

$n the %7th &entury, A 'elgian physi!ian, van Helont, set up an

e(perient in whi!h he planted a willow sapling in a weighed

aount of soil.

"#.2#kg

soil

)o *ow +ead write an e(plaination of where the

74 -g new growth !ae fro.


3/98

van Helmont’s experiment wasefective in showing that the plant’s

ood did not come rom the soil.But he had overlooked the act that air

was available to the plant as well aswater.

Could it be that the plant made 74kg omaterial rom ust air and water!

"his might seem unlikel# but we now

know that plants do indeed maketheir ood rom carbon dioxide romthe air and water rom the soil.


4/98

Photosynthesis

/ $h# is it important! 0 %ood! &eges and 'eat! $here’d it come

rom!

0 'edicines!

0 Habitats

0 (tmospheric )ases


5/98

Plant cells


6/98

Lesson 1: LearningObecti!es

/ "o be able*

+. ,e-ne photos#nthesis and state theeuation in either words or s#mbols

/. ,e-ne the term limiting actor


7/98

"i#s $or Today

/ "o be able to de-ne photos#nthesisusing words and s#mbols

/ "o de-ne the term limiting actor/ 01% Collins 2g. 4+344

'ac ean 2g 56 3 46


8/98

Turning energy into $ood

/ unlight is the ultimate energ# whichis turned into ood.

/ 8nl# plants can trap light and convertit into chemical energ# 9 autotrophs

/ 8rganisms that can’t make their ownood are heterotrophs and rel# onproducers :directl# or indirectl#; or(


9/98

/ %hlorophyll :in the chloroplasts othe lea; absorb the light energ#

/ %arbon &io'ide difuses into theleaves rom the air

/ (ater is absorbed b# the roots romthe soil

)aw *aterials $orPhotosynthesis

%opy down notes


10/98

%hlorophyll

/ Chloroph#ll is a green pigment in thechloroplasts o plant cells

/ %hlorophyll absorbs light energy and enables it to be used to drive the

reactions o photos#nthesis


11/98

%hloroplast

How do the reactants get

into the chloroplasts?


12/98

Photosynthesis +notes,

/ 2hotos#nthesis is the process thatbuilds glucose molecules out o waterand carbon dioxide using light energ#

which is absorbed b# chloroph#ll.$ater = Carbon dioxide )lucose =8x#gen

6H/8 = 6C8/ C6H+/86 = 68/

chlorophy

ll

chlorophyll

What is happening to the reactants to change them into the products?


13/98

Photosynthesis -Products

"he glucose made b# the chloroplast is either

:a; used to provide energ# or the cell :b#respiration; or protein s#nthesis.

:b; turned into sucrose and transported toother parts o the plant or

:c; turned into starch and stored in the cell

as starch grains >n darkness the starch is changed back into

glucose and transported out o the cell


14/98

Photosynthesis

/ "his is a series o en?#me3controlledreactions

/ $hat have we learnt about en?#messo ar!


15/98

)ate o$ Photosynthesis

/ "he rate o photos#nthesis could bemeasured b# how much glucose ismade in a given time

/ $hat sort o things would afect therate o photos#nthesis! :1n?#mes@@@;

/ How else could #ou measure rate ophotos#nthesis! :BrieA# design anexperiment to measure this rate;


16/98

Photosynthesis -u##ary

$ater = Carbon dioxide )lucose =

8x#genchlorophy

ll

sunlight

Write a sentence for each question to explain in as much detail as you

can:

1. how the reactants get into the chloroplasts,

2. what happens to the reactants to change them into the products

3. what happens to the products where are they used and how?

where do they go?


17/98

/o#ewor

/ 0ead 2g. 4+344 Collins.

/ Cop# the diagram "he raw materialsand products in a plant D make itneat@ (nd at least E a page.


18/98

&ollins 1g 42

things that !an happen to glu!ose after it is ade during photosynthesis


19/98

23.03 &o Now

+. $rite a ull balanced chemicaleuation or photos#nthesis showingall that reuired.

/. How is glucose stored in a plant Dexplain ull# wh# is it not directl#stored as glucose.

5. Fame 5 other things that can happento glucose ater it is made duringphotos#nthesis!


20/98


/ "o be able to*

+. Carr# out an experiment to show the needor chloroph#ll and light in photos#nthesis

/. $e are going to use a varigated plant toshow the need or light and chloroph#ll inphotos#nthesis. "he plant has beendestarched b# leaving in the dark or +/

hrs.5. ,raw a picture o #our lea’s green and

white marks

4. $rite up experiment in exercise book.


21/98

tarch test with a lea$ ee *acean Pg 3-3

/ >t is diGcult to see a colourchange or presence ostarch when the lea is

green so

/ Chloroph#ll can bedissolved b# alcohol so the

lea becomes white./ Boil the alcohol and lea in a

water bath.

/


22/98

/ $as starch present in all areas o thelea! How can #ou tell!

/ 1xplain wh# there were areas o thelea where starch was not ound.

/ /o#e wor0ead 'acean 2g 5I to 5J ,ouestions + 3 7

tarch test with a lea$


23/98

24.03 &o now 5 #ins

/ 1xplain the ob o chloroph#ll duringphotos#nthesis.

/ 1xplain what happens to the ox#genthat is produced in photos#nthesis.

/ How do plants use some o the ox#gengiven of during photos#nthesis.

/ $hat structures within the lea cellscontain chloroph#ll.


24/98


/ "o be able to*

+.>nterpret the efects o light intensit#Kcarbon dioxide concentration L

temperature on photos#nthesisK sodescribing the limiting actors.

/.1xplain the use o carbon dioxideenrichmentK optimum light and optimum

temperatures in greenhouse s#stems. 0 01% Collins 2g. 45

'acean 2g 4+ 34/


25/98


26/98

Li#iting 6actors

/ "hings that afect the rate ophotos#nthesisK like lightK are calledlimiting actors. "he actor that is present

in the least amount starts to limit therate o photos#nthesis. 8nl# one actorcan limit the rate o photos#nthesis atan# one time D it depends on what is in

the shortest suppl# eg. water or carbondioxide or temperature or light intensit#.


27/98

/ > #ou plot the rate o photos#nthesisagainst the levels o these three limitingactors #ou get graphs like the ones below.


28/98

7reenhouses

/ )reenhouses can provide optimumconditions to maximise the rate ophotos#nthesis. 1ver# plant will have

an optimum temperature or growth. "he greenhouse is usuall# enrichedwith carbon dioxide gas and optimum

light intensities.


29/98

&esign a 7reenhouse

+. $hat do #our plants need to grow!

/. How will #ou ensure that none o thesethings become limiting actors!

5. $hat sources o C8/ would #ou

consider.

2oster o #our greenhouse*

M 2ictureN,iagram

M 1xplanation o actors needed orsuccessul photos#nthesis.

M /O*8 (O): )ead 'cean 2g 5J3 3


30/98

ources o$ %O2

/ (ir pollution in connection with theburning o h#drocarbons or C8/enrichment ma# cause visible or

invisible inuries to plants.

/ "his would also heat the green housein winter so reduce costs.

/ "he saest source o C8/ is pure

liuid C8/ rom containers.


31/98

25.03 &o Now 9uestions

+. 1xplain wh# are leaves broad and Aat!

/. $rite a balanced chemical euation orphotos#nthesis

5. tate I things that can happen to glucoseater it is made during photos#nthesis

4.


32/98


/ "o be able to*

+. >denti# the cellular and tissuestructure o a dicot#ledonous lea and

relate the structures to their unction01% 'acean 2g 5JK5QK4R


33/98

Parts o$ a Lea$


34/98

/a!e a loo at it don;t ust lea!e it alone<

/ ,o now* How is alea’s structureadapted to what

#ou know it’sunctions to be!

/


35/98

"nswers

/


36/98

Lea$ tructure = %opythis


37/98

Lea$: %ross ection

Lea$ tructure >


38/98

Lea$ tructure >6unction

/ $ax# Cuticle D waterproo la#er thatreduces water lost b# evaporation

T)U%TU)8 6UN%T?ON

$ax#Cuticle

$aterproo la#er that reduces water lost b#evaporation

Spper1pidermis

ingle la#er o cells with no chloroplasts 9transparent.


39/98

&o now [email protected]/ $hat are the unctions o a; the

epidermis b; the spong# mesoph#l o alea!

/ $h# do #ou think that photos#nthesis

does not take place in the cells o theepidermis.

/ >n some plants stomata close at 'idda#.

uggest some advantages and somedisadvantages to this.

L 5 7 8 h


40/98

Lesson 5 7as 8'[email protected]

to#ata +singular sto#a,

/ tomata are the small holes on theunderside o the lea that let gasesdifuse in and out.

0 Carbon ,ioxide difuses in orphotos#nthesis

0 8x#gen made in photos#nthesis difuses out

0 $ater vapour difuses out

/ tomata can be opened and closed b#guard cells.


41/98

to#ata

!toma open !toma "losed

"ells turgid "ells flaccid


42/98

to#ata

/ Balance is needed

3toata open

plants !an e(!hange

essential gases, but

lose water bytranspiration

3toata !losed

plants !ant

e(!hange essential

gases, but dont lose

water by transpiration


43/98

7as 8'change

/ (ll living thingsK including plantsK carr# out respiration

/ %or respiration plants need to* 0 "ake in o'ygen and

0 )ive out carbon dio'ide

0 )espiration happens "LL O6 T/8 T?*8 = day "N& night

/ %or photos#nthesis plants need to* 0 "ake in carbon dio'ideK and

0 )ive out o'ygen

0 Photosynthesis only taes place in the L?7/T

/ "hese gases pass into and out o the leaves through thesto#ata


44/98

6ill in the 7aps

/ ,uring da#light plants produce UUUUUUUU ox#gen through UUUUUUUUUUUUU than the# use up in

UUUUUUUUUUUUUU. (t night plantsproduce onl# UUUUUUUUUUUUU b#

UUUUUUUUUUUU.

Choose rom these words*


45/98

6ill in the 7aps: "nswers

/ ,uring da#light plants produce #ore ox#gen through photosynthesis than the# use up in respiration. (t

night plants produce onl# carbondio'ide b# respiration.

Choose rom these words*


46/98

L.O. ?ons and #inerals

/ &escribe the i#portance o$nitrate ions $or protein synthesisand #agnesiu# ion $or

chlorophyll synthesis./ Carboh#drate 9 CH8’s D $here does

the CK H and 8 come rom!

/ But we know plants need proteinsand proteins contain F as well asCH8 D so where the heck does the F

come rom!

Plants #ineral sources


47/98

Plants #ineral sources*acean P 43 -44

Fitrogen or protein s#nthesis comes rom

nitrates in the soil activel# absorbed b# theroots hair cells.

"he nitrate ions are conducted through theroots to the stem and then to the leaves

>n the leavesK the nitrate ions and glucose arecombined to make proteins 9 assi#ilation

/ %ertili?ers contain F.2..'g L . essential orplant growth

/


48/98

?ons and #inerals

/ 'agnesium is ound in the soil

/ Can be activel# transported into theroot hair cell

/ &ital part o

chloroph#ll

8A $ $ ili2%


49/98

8Aects o$ $ertilisers

These are e(periental strips of wheat. 6arying aounts and types of fertiliser

have been added to the soil to see whi!h give the best plant growth


50/98

/o#ewor

/ Tonight 0ead 'acean 2 45 346 L HN8 25I356

/ 1xplain the efects o nitrate ion and

magnesium ion de-cienc# on plant growth./ $rite a paragraph or draw a picture

/ 6or (ed. ,o sel assessment Ouestions +3I

/ 8n the reverse side complete Ouestion 5/ $rite #ou name on the top and hand in.

L L i


51/98

2B.03 Lesson : LearningObecti!es

/ "o be able toV

+. ,e-ne "ranspiration

/. ,escribe how water vapour loss is

related to cell suracesK air spaces andstomata

5. ,escribe the efects o temperatureK

humidit# and light intensit# ontranspiration rate

01% 'acean 2 IQ 36/


52/98

Transpiration

/ Transpiration is the loss o$ water $ro#the plant.

/ >t is caused b# the e!aporation o water rom

inside the leaves. "his creates a slightshortage o water in the lea which draws upmore water rom the rest o the plantK whichin turn draws more up rom the roots.

/ "ranspiration has two bene-ts*+. >t transports #inerals rom the soil

/. >t cools the plant


53/98


54/98

Transpiration

Transpiration and


55/98

Transpiration andto#ata

/ to#ata close automaticall# whenwater supplies rom the root dr# up

/ "he guard cells become Caccid Lclose the stomatal pore

/ "his prevents an# more water beinglostK but also stops C8/ getting inK

hence photos#nthesis stops.


56/98


57/98


58/98


59/98


60/98


61/98

nuber of leaves distan!e oved by


62/98

nuber of leaves distan!e oved bybubble in % inute 8

2 %4

4 2

4%

9 55

%# 7#

%. draw a line graph to show these results

2. say how the following !onditions would affe!t the rate of water loss:

teperature, wind speed, huidity, light intensity, searing the upper

and lower surfa!es of the leaves with vaseline to blo!k the stoata8


63/98

)oot /air %ells *acean P3

/ 0oot hairs are long and thin. "he# have alarge surace area through which waterand minerals can enter.

/ $ater passes into the root hairs b#osmosis D the cell sap has a strongersolution :lower water concentration; thanthe surrounding soil.

/ "he water eventuall# reaches the x#lemand is carried up the x#lem to the leaves

(h t


64/98

(heatseed

+oot hairs

;ragile parts of

!ells that growfro the ain root

They assivelyin!rease the

surfa!e area for

absorption


65/98

0oot hair cells :x+IR;

(ater #o!e#ent


66/98

(ater #o!e#entthrough root

The Dyle# and Transpiration


67/98

The Dyle# and Transpiration*acean P5B-3

/ $ater is pulled up the x#lem as it islost b# the leaves through transpiration. "here is a continuous Aow o water romthe roots to the leaves.

/ >n normal conditionsK the water potentialin the air is lower than that in the soilsolution. "hus water moves down a

water potential gradient as it movesrom soil to airK through the plant.

/ "his movement up the x#lem is calledthe transpiration stream


68/98

/o#e wor Transpiration


69/98

/o#e wor Transpiration%o#ic

/ 0ead 'acean 2IQ365 ,o Ouestions +35265

/ 'ake a uick comic o the movement o

$ill# $ater./ $ill# is a water molecule who lives in a

watering can D create a comic o his

ourne# through the plant ater he issprinkled into the soil.

/ >nclude these words* 8smosisK root haircellK x#lemK transpirationK stomata

30 03 Lesson &o Now = 4


70/98

30.03 Lesson &o Now = 4#in.

+. Fame the 4 actors that afect the rate otranspiration in plants. >n what two wa#sdoes sunlight increase the rate otranspiration!

/. "rue or %alse! $hen the guard cells areAaccid the stoma closes!

5. Fame 5 adaptations o a lea or

photos#nthesis4. $h# is magnesium important or plants!

I. $h# are nitrates important or plants!


71/98

&iscussion

/ 1xplain the efects o nitrate ion andmagnesium ion de-cienc# on plant growth.

/ (; ( plant reuires Fitrate ions or what! o

without them what will happen to the plant!/ o Fitrate de-cienc# is oten most noticable.

/ B; ( plant reuires 'g or what! o what willde-cienc# look like!

/ 1xplain the shortage o protein orchloroph#ll.

)ead /and out Photosynthesis


72/98

y8'pts 3> 4 and 6ertilisers on

bac./ )ead Photosynthesis 8'pt 3 > 4 writeanswers $ro# P 3 > 40 *cean

/ ErieCy discuss $ertilisers and water

culture P44/ /o#e wor

/ 0ead 'cean 2g I4 3I7

/ ,o Ouestions on hand out on %ertilisersand 2hotos#nthesis in preparation $ortopic test.


73/98

Lesson : Translocation

/


74/98

Phloe#

)ead *cean P 2/ %ood is made in the leaves b#photos#nthesis. "he soluble productsare sugarsK amino acids and att#

acids. 2hloem ma# contain up to /IWdisolved solids. "hese are carried toall parts o the plant in solution in the

phloem. "his movement o oodmaterials is called translocation.


75/98

Translocation

/ "he sugar is transported as sucrose

/ ucrose is moved rom regions oproduction or o storage to regions o

utilisation in respiration or growth

/ 1g lea 3Xroot hair

/ 2otato tuber 3X Aower setting seed.


76/98

)inging


77/98

practice to ill a tree tooinaccessable to cut down.

/ 2hloem is cut around outside so x#lemlet intact and phloem gone.

/


78/98

ources and ins/ ugars move rom the source :site o production; to

a sink D a site where it is being used 0 )rowing tips in shoots and roots or new cellulose cell

walls

0 %ruits

0 Young leaves 0 torage organs eg. 2otatoes and seeds

/ (mino acids make proteins needed to make newcells and en?#mes

/ %att# acids orm oils that are stored in man# seeds/ T/8 PL"NT %ONT)OL T/8 *OF8*8NT O6

T/88 *"T8)?"L 6)O* OU)%8 TO ?N

Translocation by Pressure-


79/98

6lowTranslocation is thought to move at

1 meter per hour

0 Diffusion too slow for this speed

/ The flow is driven by an

osmotically generated pressure

gradient between the source

and the sink .

/ Source

0 Sugars (red dots) is actively

loaded into the sieve element-

companion cell complex/ Called phloem loading

/ Sink

0 Sugars are unloaded

/ Called phloem unloading

!hloroplast

H k


80/98

Homework

/ 0ead 'acean 2g 6+ to 66

/ 266 ,o uestions +35.

/ Hand out How the structure o a lea isrelated to its unction. write theunctions o each part.

, R+ R4


81/98

,o now R+.R4

/ ,e-ne translocation in terms o themovement o sucrose and amino acids.

/ )ive / examples o source and sink or

translocation./ $hat are the diferences between phloem

and x#lem in structure and unction!


82/98

yste#ic Pesticides


83/98

yste#ic Pesticides*acean P4

/ yste#ic pesticides are che#icalsthat are sprayed onto a plant andthen absorbed into it. The pesticide

tra!els around the plant anddistributes itsel$ e!enly across all theplant tissues

/ "he plant cannot control the movement o

these pesticides. >t passes to all parts othe plant and protects ever# part rompest attack.


84/98

Tas )ead *cean P 54


85/98

Tas )ead *cean P 5455

/ "ake notes on 2hloem and T#lemanswering

/ $hat are the diferences between

x#lem and phloem a; in structure andb; in unction.

/ $hat structures help to keep a

stem’s shape and upright position.

L @


86/98

Lesson @ 31.03

/


87/98

Plant "daptations )ead *acean P2 M2lant adaptations to*DHigh and low light

D$ater limitation

DCold tollerance


88/98

/ un and shade leaves can existwithin the same tree

=ore deeply lobed

>> =ore rapid heat

loss

3 n leaf


89/98

3un leaf / thi!ker

/ ore !elllayers

/ ore

!hloroplasts

3hade leaf

/ flat/ thin/ larger

surfa!e area

@ unit weight


90/98

!un lea#es

/eaves at any angles/High saturation point

!hade lea#es

/HoriBontal leaves, single layer /ow saturation point

ne tree a aptat ons tosur!i!e in cold dry


91/98

sur!i!e in cold dry

cli#ates. %opy thisCvergreen tree3all !opa!t needles

3unken stoata

3all surfa!e areaittle resista!e to winds

redu!e water loss.


92/98

"daptations to drought


93/98

"daptations to drought

/ "hick wax# cuticlesK leaves with ewstomata oten sunken belowepidermisK hair# leaves or rolled up

leaves. "hese help retain a staticla#er o air saturated with watervapour close to lea.

trategies $or drought


94/98

g g

i. (voiders

• hort liespan• eeds survive drought

• ,rought deciduous species–


95/98

8'a#s

/ 0e3read 'acean 2g 5I 366 .

/ )o through Check lists at end ochapters.

/ "r# 2 47 1xam O’s.

/


96/98

gObecti!es

/ ummative "est

&o Now "nswers


97/98

&o Now - "nswers

+. "emperatureK


98/98

T"

/ "ransport #stems in 2lants 0 tick into #our books

0

3 Plant Nut & Tran Nor

Documents

Transcript of 3 Plant Nut & Tran Nor