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TEDS data can be analyzedusing five types of geographicidentifiers

The 1992-2000 TEDS files, as

well as a concatenated file for1995-2000, are available fromthe archive

The SAMHDA Web site addressis: http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/ SAMHDA/ . Bookmark it!

Contact the SAMHDA staff forassistance: (888) 741-7242(toll-free helpline) orsamhda@icpsr.umich.edu(email)

In Brief

March 2001The tDASISD A Srug and lcohol ervices nformation ystemI S

ReporMay 9, 2003

The DASIS Report is published periodically by the Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration(SAMHSA ). All material appearing in this report is in the public domain and may be reproduced or copied without permission from SAMHSA .Additional copies of this report or other reports from the Office of Applied Studies are available on-line: http://www.DrugAbuseStatistics.samhsa.gov .Citation of the source is appreciated.

AnalyzingGeographicAreas WithinTEDS

T he 1992-2000 Treatment EpisodeData Set (TEDS) public use filesare available from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Data Archive(SAMHDA). 1 The Web site includes anonline data analysis system (DAS) whichallows users to analyze the data withoutusing specialized software or downloading

large files.2,3

Using the DAS and TEDS, you canconduct analyses of geographic areas toexamine characteristics of substance abusetreatment admissions and to describe andcompare differences. TEDS includes notonly metropolitan area (MA) and Statecodes, but also Census Region and Divi-sion codes, and a State indicator variable,

which allows comparisons of one State toall other States (e.g., California versus allother States). MA codes are based on thedata provided by the States. 4 Currently,MAs are identified on TEDS for all Statesreporting data for the years 1995-2000. 5 Itis important to keep in mind that:

Reporting practices vary across States andacross years within the same State

Geographic coding in TEDS is based onthe location of the treatment facility, andthis is not necessarily the same as theclients residence

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Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census (as compiled by SAMHDA/ICPSR).

Access TEDS online:

1 Go to the SAMHDA homepage: http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/SAMHDA

2 Select Online Analysis

3 Select Treatment EpisodeData Set

4 From the list of available years of TEDS, select the mostrecent file: Treatment EpisodeData Set, 2000

This takes you to the initialmenu for the 2000 TEDS onthe DAS. It is helpful at thispoint to open two windows, onefor the codebook and one forthe analysis screen. Do this byclicking on the ExtraCodebook Window button atthe top of the screen.

Go to the codebook windowto examine study informationand the variables available inTEDS. Documentation aboutthe study is included in the firstset of links along the left side of the screen. The documentationincludes important informationand should be read prior toconducting analyses. The

variables are listed underIndexes. Select GroupHeadings to view the variablesarranged categorically. Youmay also opt to view the vari-

ables alphabetically or in astandard list, which providesthe entire list of variables ineach category.

In our examples, we will beusing two variables:

Intravenous drug use (vari-able name IDU), under thecategory Substances of

Abuse and then Created Variables 6

Metropolitan Area (variablename PMSA), in the Geo-graphic variable grouping

For comparisons of geo-graphic areas, you may need torefer to Census data (e.g., todetermine the largest metro-politan areas in the country).For convenience, a copy of the2000 Census population esti-mates can be found on thesame page where you selectedthe TEDS 2000 data, underReports and Related Sites, asan Excel spreadsheet(http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/

SAMHDA/SERIES/tedspmsa-2000pop.xls). Use these codes tocompare MAs, decide how togroup MAs, or to examine oneMA or a set of MAs more

closely.

Example 1: ComparingLarge MetropolitanAreas Within theCountry

Examining large MAs willsuggest how treatment admis-sions differ in various areas.The first example is a cross-tabulation of IDU treatmentadmissions by PMSA for thetwo largest MAs. First, deter-mine the largest MAs using thespreadsheet on the SAMHDA web site. Figure 1 shows anexcerpt of the spreadsheet withthe MA code, name, State(s),type, and population. TEDSuses the same codes for MAs as

Census.From the initial DAS menu,

select Run frequency orcrosstabulation and click onthe Start button. On the nextscreen, SDA Tables Program,enter the variable names. Usethe numeric codes in the left

Figure 1. Census Information for Two Largest Metropolitan Areas

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SDA Tables Program (Selected Study: Treatment Episode Data Set, 2000) Help: General / Recoding Variables

REQUIRED Variable names to specify

Row: IDU

OPTIONAL Variable names to specify

Column: PMSA (R: 4480 "LA/LB"; 5600 "NY")

Control:

Selection Filter(s): Example: age(18-50) gender(1)

Weight: No Weight

Percentaging: Column Row Total

Other options

Statistics Suppress table Question text

Color coding Show T-statistic

Run the Table Clear Fields

Frequency Distribution

PMSACells contain:-Column percent-T-statistic-N of cases

1LA/LB

2 NY

ROW

TOTAL

0: NO IDU REPORTED57.4

-83.626,758

87.0 90.9

74,316

76.6 ---

101,074

1: IDU REPORTED42.6 83.6

19,829

13.0 -90.9

11,068

23.4 ---

30,897 IDU

COL TOTAL 100.0

--- 46,587

100.0 ---

85,384

100.0 ---

131,971

Means .43 .13 .23

Std Devs .49 .34 .42

Color coding: 2.0 T

N in each cell: Smaller than expected Larger than expected

Figure 3. Results of Crosstab of IDU for Largest MAs

Figure 2. Input Screen for Crosstab of IDU for Largest MAscolumn of the table to specifyeach PMSA. The MA numericlabels can be recoded to citynames. The syntax for therecode is:

PMSA (R: 4480 LA/LB; 5600NY)

Under Other options,select Show T-statistic. Thedefault settings select columnpercentages and color-coding.Figure 2 shows the completedSDA Tables Program screen.

Check your syntax to ensure

that it is correct. When theinput screen is complete, hitRun the Table on the lowerleft side of the screen.

Figure 3 shows the resulting table. Column percentagesindicate that more IDU treat-ment admissions occurred inthe Los Angeles/Long Beach(LA/LB) MA than in the New

York MA: 42.6 versus 13.0percent, respectively. The T-statistic provided in each celland the color-coding based onthe T-statistic show that thedifferences between cells arestatistically significant.

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Frequency Distribution

PMSACells contain:-Column percent-T-statistic-N of cases

1VeryLg

2Large

3Med

4Small

5VerySm

ROW

TOTAL

0: NO IDU REPORTED62.3

-24.2

61,810

74.3 32.9

22,638

59.2 -17.4

9,336

74.4 23.9

11,651

78.4 26.1

5,990

66.0 ---

111,425

1: IDU REPORTED37.7 24.2

37,366

25.7 -32.97,835

40.8 17.4

6,429

25.6 -23.94,013

21.6 -26.11,655

34.0 ---

57,298 IDU

COL TOTAL 100.0

--- 99,176

100.0 ---

30,473

100.0 ---

15,765

100.0 ---

15,664

100.0 ---

7,645

100.0 ---

168,723

Color coding: 2.0 T

N in each cell: Smaller than expected Larger than expected

Figure 4. Results of Crosstab of IDU for MAs in CaliforniaGrouped by Size

Example 2: ExaminingMAs Within a State

The MA codes also supportexploration of geographic

differences within one State.Using the spreadsheet of Censuspopulation size, MAs in Califor-nia can be grouped as follows:

Very Large Los Angeles-Long Beach, Riverside, SanBernadino, San Diego, OrangeCounty, and Oakland

Large San Francisco, San Jose, and Sacramento

Medium Fresno, Ventura,Bakersfield, Stockton-Lodi, and

Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa

Small Santa Rosa, Modesto,Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc, Salinas, and

Visalia-Turlare-Porterville

Very Small Santa Cruz- Watsonville, San LuisObispo-Atascadero-Paso Rob-les, Merced, Chico-Paradise,Redding, Yolo, and Yuba City

Use the codes for each MA to create the recode based onthe size:

PMSA (R:4480, 6780, 7320,

5945, 5775 Very Lg; 7360,7400, 6920 Large; 2840,8735, 680, 8120, 8270 Med;7500, 5170, 7480, 7120, 8780Small; 7485, 7460, 4940,1620, 6690, 9270, 9340 VerySm)

Insert the variable namesand recode syntax into theinput screen, as in Example 1above.

Figure 4 shows that IDUadmissions are higher in the

very large and medium MAs(37.7 and 40.8 percent, respec-tively) than the other areas(21.6 to 25.7 percent) and thatthis difference is statisticallysignificant.

Summary

Additional analyses could groupMAs differently (e.g., by geo-graphic proximity) andexamine other TEDS variables,such as client demographicsand treatment service charac-teristics to further exploredifferences.

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The Drug and Alcohol Services Information System (DASIS) is an integrated data system maintained by the Office of Applied Studies,Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). One component of DASIS is the Treatment Episode Data Set(TEDS). TEDS is a compilation of data on the demographic characteristics and substance abuse problems of those admitted for substanceabuse treatment. The information comes primarily from facilities that receive some public funding. Information on treatment admissions isroutinely collected by State administrative systems and then submitted to SAMHSA in a standard format. Approximately 1.6 million records are

included in TEDS each year. TEDS records represent admissions rather than individuals, as a person may be admitted to treatment morethan once.

The DASIS Report is prepared by the Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA; Synectics for Management Decisions, Inc., Arlington, Virginia;and RTI, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.

Information and data for this issue are based on data reported to TEDS through April 1, 2002.

Access the latest TEDS reports at: http://www.samhsa.gov/oas/dasis.htmAccess the latest TEDS public use files at: http://www.samhsa.gov/oas/SAMHDA.htm

Other substance abuse reports are available at:http://www.DrugAbuseStatistics.samhsa.gov

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services AdministrationOffice of Applied Studieswww.samhsa.gov

Other Files Available on DAS

Drug Abuse TreatmentOutcome Study

(DATOS)Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN)

Gambling Impact andBehavior Study - AdultSurvey

Health Behavior in

School-Aged Children(HBSC)

Monitoring the Future(MTF)

National ComorbiditySurvey (NCS)

National Household

Survey on Drug Abuse(NHSDA)

National Pregnancy andHealth Survey (NPHS)

National Survey of Substance AbuseTreatment Services(N-SSATS, formerlyUFDS)

National TreatmentImprovement Evalua-tion Study (NTIES)

Substance Abuse Treat-ment Cost Allocationand Analysis Template(SATCAAT) Study

Washington D.C. Met-ropolitan Area Drug Study (DC*MADS)

End Notes1The archive is supported by the Office of AppliedStudies at SAMHSA and based at the Inter-university Consortium for Political and SocialResearch (ICPSR) through a subcontract withthe National Opinion Research Center (NORC) atthe University of Chicago.

2 The DAS is based on the Survey Documentationand Analysis (SDA) software developed at theComputer-assisted Survey Methods Program(CSM) at the University of California at Berkeley.

3For additional help, refer to earlier Short Reportson using the online system: http://www.samhsa.gov/oas/tutorial.cfm#Examples.

4TEDS includes codes for Metropolitan StatisticalAreas (MSAs), Primary Metropolitan StatisticalAreas (PMSAs), and New England CountyMetropolitan Areas (NECMAs), all under thePMSA variable. The Census Bureau providesdetailed definitions of these terms on its Website: http://www.census.gov

5The 1992-1994 TEDS now include MA codes for

the largest 25 MAs only. However, there areplans to update these files to include morePMSA codes.

6The created (or flag) variables are based onthe original variables collected in TEDS (e.g.,IDU is based on IDU being reported atadmission, whether as a primary, secondary, ortertiary route of drug administration). Eachvariable includes an explanation of what thevariable contains, and variable names remainconsistent from year to year.