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…….………………….…………….…..……. .. () , M.S.
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512010 : : ; ..() : / : (Factors Influencing Role Function Adaptation of Pregnant Adolescents) : , M.S. (Maternity and Child Health) . , .. (), 95 (Roy, 1991) 19 8 117 2553 Eta 39.7 0.05
512010 MAJOR: Community Nurse Practitioner; M.N.S. ( Community Nurse Practitioner ) KEY WORD : ROLE FUNCTION ADAPTATION/ PREGNANT ADOLESCENT Sopasinee Eamsaard : Factors Influencing Role Function Adaptation of Pregnant Adolescents. Thesis Advisors : Assoc. Prof. Areena Phanusopon, M.S. (Maternity and Child Health), Col. Dr. Nongpimol Nimitrarnan, Ph.D. (Public Health Nursing), 95 pages. Teenage pregnants affect to quality of life both themselves and their families, because they are immature and lack of role function adaptation during pregnancy, self - esteem, and social support that can enhance the efficiency role function adaptation of teenage pregnant. This study was a descriptive research aimed at study in the basic conditional factors, self - esteem, social support, and the role function adaptation (Roy, 1991) in adolescent pregnancy. The samples were composed of 117 adolescent pregnancy, who were sampling by using systematic random sampling technique. They attended 8 hospitals in Prachaubkirikhan province between March to May, 2010. The data were collected by using four sets of questionnaires that were validated and test reliability already. Those questionnaires composed of personal data, self - esteem, social support, and role function adaptation of adolescent pregnancy. The data were analyzed by mean, standard deviation, Eta, Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression. The results of this study demonstrated that most of samples showed rather high scores of role function adaptation, self-esteem, and social support. Furthermore, there were significant correlations between age, plan for having children, family structure, self-esteem, social support, and role function adaptation of adolescent pregnancy (p < 0.05). The stepwise multiple regression revealed that 39.7 percent of variance of role function adaptation were predicted by three significant factors; i.e., self- esteem, social support, and plan for having children (p < 0.05). Therefore, from this study, it revealed that nurses, who work in antenatal clinics should promote role function adaptation of adolescent pregnancy by promoting self-esteem and social support since the first antenatal care.
1 4 4 4 5 7 8
10
()
44 56
1
7
10
19
18
4 (Andrew & Roy, 1991: 15 - 17) 1. (Physiological mode)
19
2 : (Roy, 1991: 50)
- -
33
sampling) 8 1 120
()
3 (Interval) I = N/n ( , 2550: 192 )
I = N/n
4 1
35
36
3 2 1
37
39
40
30 11 (Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficient, 2540) ( , 2544)
α = n/n-1[1-Σ Si2 St2] α =
41
= 0.74 = 0.86 = 0.84
2.1 (Pearson’s product – moment correlation coefficient) 2.2 Eta 2.3 (Stepwise multiple regression analysis)
19 8
45
(n=117)
() () 13 2 1.7 14 - 16 50 42.7 17 - 19 65 55.6 = 16.66 = 1.53 = 13 = 19 11 9.4 78 66.7 /
20
17.1
8 6.8 1 5 4.3 2 51 43.6 3 61 52.1 58 49.6 59 50.4
46
1 98.3 14 – 19
= 16.66 = 1.53
66.7
49.6 40.2
35.0 24.8 2
( x = 3.73,
S.D. = .46)
2
11.03 40.86 23.93 15.89 8.29 3.73 .46
... 29.10 46.20 22.20 2.50 - 4.01 .78 ... 17.10 65.80 12.8 1.70 2.60 3.91 .77 ... 17.10 65.00 8.50 9.40 - 3.89 .79 ... 2.60 6.80 22.20 44.50 23.90 3.80 .96 ..... 2.60 6.00 31.60 35.90 23.90 3.72 .97 ..... 17.90 39.30 37.60 5.20 - 3.70 .82 ..... 6.80 53.80 32.60 6.80 - 3.60 .71 ..... 4.30 21.40 15.30 27.40 31.60 3.60 1.25 .... 8.50 49.50 29.20 12.80 - 3.53 .82 ... 4.30 54.70 27.03 12.80 0.90 3.48 .80
3
x = 3.72, S.D. = 1.10 )
45.3
59.0
48.2
3
49
22.92 33.50 33.67 6.83 3.08 3.66 .60
.... 45.30 35.00 15.40 2.60 1.70 4.19 .91 ....... 32.50 39.30 26.50 1.70 - 4.02 .81 .... 15.40 40.20 35.00 6.80 2.60 3.58 .92 ...... 17.10 29.90 32.50 13.70 6.80 3.36 1.12 ...... 4.30 23.10 59.00 9.30 4.30 3.13 .80
27.00 35.58 5.84 8.86 2.72 3.75 .68
...... 35.00 49.60 12.00 3.40 - 4.16 .76 .... 33.30 36.80 22.20 7.70 - 3.95 .93 ..... 38.50 30.80 21.40 4.30 5.10 3.93 1.11 .......... 18.80 35.90 36.80 6 .80 1.70 3.63 .92 ...... 9.40 24.80 36.80 22.20 6.80 3.07 1.05
25.73 30.48 28.06 13.34 2.38 3.73 1.10
...... 48.20 32.80 9.60 7.70 1.70 4.59 4.62 .... 29.10 32.50 28.20 10.30 - 3.80 .97 .... 24.80 31.60 33.30 8.50 1.70 3.69 .99 ...... 11.10 35.00 35.00 15.40 3.40 3.35 .98 .......... 15.40 20.50 34.20 24.80 5.10 3.16 1.12
50
......... 14.50 36.80 33.30 15.40 - 3.50 .92 ........... 6.00 6.80 41.90 25.60 19.70 3.46 1.07 ...... 14.50 24.80 21.40 28.20 11.10 3.03 1.25 ...... 4.30 7.70 21.40 26.50 40.20 2.09 1.14
34.12 35.68 20.73 8.12 1.35 3.96 .55
....... 59.80 31.60 6.80 - 1.70 4.47 .77 .... 50.40 35.00 12.00 2.60 - 4.33 .78 ..... 43.60 41.90 8.50 5.10 0.90 4.22 .87 ........ 41.00 41.90 14.50 2.60 - 4.21 .78 ........ 47.00 29.10 15.40 6.80 1.70 4.12 1.02 ......... 38.50 40.20 13.70 7.70 - 4.09 .90 ..... 32.50 39.30 24.80 1.70 1.70 3.99 .89 ..... 24.80 39.30 23.10 7.70 5.10 3.70 1.08 .... 22.20 30.80 39.30 6.00 1.70 3.65 .94 .... 17.10 37.60 31.60 12.80 0.90 3.57 .94
51
........ 22.20 28.20 27.40 20.50 1.70 3.48 1.10 .... 10.30 33.30 31.60 23.90 0.90 3.28 .97
7.48 19.67 38.05 24.56 10.24 2.89 .73
...... 23.10 41.90 29.10 4.30 1.70 3.80 .92 ............. 1.70 12.80 49.60 25.60 10.30 2.70 .88 ......... 3.40 13.70 32.50 35.90 14.50 2.55 1.01 .... 1.70 10.30 41.00 32.50 14.50 2.52 .92
( x = 4.47, S.D. = .77) 59.8
( x = 3.28, S.D. = .97) 33.3
( x = 3.02, S.D. = .65, x = 2.89, S.D. = .73 )
( x = 3.50, S.D. = .92) 36.8
52
41.9
(n = 117)
* p - value < 0.05, ** p - value < 0.01
5
0.05 (Eta = .249, p - value =
53
6
* p - value < 0.05, ** p - value < 0.01
6
0.05 (r = .040, p - value = .671)
6
7
(Stepwise Regression Analysis)
b Beta t p - value .402 .411 5.049 .000
.204
.000
.003
Constant (a) = 1.185 R2 = .397 Adjust R square = .381 F = 24.778
Y =
a =
b1 =
b2 =
b3 =
x1 =
x2 =
x3 =
1
0.195
8
2 3
57
1985: 310 - 353)
( 2549: 48 )
(2543: 147)
59
( 6)
( 1) 40.2
35 ( 1)
(Esteem needs)
61
( 12)
(2532: 62)
( x = 3.75, S.D. = .68 x = 3.72, S.D. = 1.10)
(2533: )
64
(2552: )
0.05 (Eta = .249, p - value = .007) (Neeson & May, 1986: 359)
19
67
2 3 26.32
50
( x = 3.48,
( x = 3.75,
S.D.= .68) ( x = 3.72, S.D. = 1.10)
( x = 3.66, S.D. = .64)
. . : ...
. (2551). 2551.
. (2548). . : .
. (2548). . : . . (2550). . :
. . (2550). . :
. . . (2545). . :
. . (2542).
. . . (2547).
. . .
. (2549). . . .
. (2546). . . .
. (2550). . . .
. . .
. (2551). . . .
75
Andrew, H. A. & Roy, C. (1991). Essential of the Roy adaptation model. In S. C. Roy and H. Andrew (eds.) The Roy adaptation model: The definitive statement. Connecticut: Appleton & Lange, 3 - 25.
____________________________. (1999). The Roy adaptation model. 2nd ed. Connecticut: Appleton & Lange.
Best, J.W. (1977). Research in education. 3rd ed. Engle Wood Clift, NJ: Prentic Hall. Caplan, G. (1976). Support system and community mental health. New York: Behavioral
Publication. Clark, A.L., Affonso, D.D. & Harris, T.R. (Eds.). (1979). Chlidbearing; A nursing perspective.
2nded. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Company. Cobb, S. (1976). Social support as a moderator of life stress. Psychosomatic Medicine, 38, 300 –
314. Cohen, S. & Will, T.A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological
Bullitin, 98 (2), 310 - 353. Dunkley, J. (2000). Health promotion in midewifery practice: A resource for health
professionals. China: Harcourt Publishers Limited. Griffin, T. F.(1993). Maternal role attainment. IMAGE: Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 23(3), 257-262 Hall, W.A. (1994). Adolescent childbearing and parenting IN. KA. May & L.R. Mahlmeister
(Eds.) Maternal & neonatal nursing: family - centered care. 3rded. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Comp, 197 -216.
Jarrett, G.E.(1982). Childrearing patterns of young mothers: expectation, knowledge and practice. The American Journal of Maternal Child Nursing, 7, 119 – 124. Johnson, P.A. (1994). Adolescent sexuality, Pregnancy and Parenthood. In I.M. Bobak & M.D.
Jensen (Eds.), Maternity & Gynecologic care: The nurse and the family. 5thed. Saint Louis: Mosby Year – book, 1016 – 1043.
Keys, J.J. & Hofling, C.K. (1974). Basic psychiatric concepts in nursing. 3rded. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott.
76
Ladewig, P.W., London, M.L., & Old, S.B. (1994). Essentials of maternal - newborn nursing. 3rded. California: Cummings Publishing.
Lasarus, R.S. & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal and coping. Newyork: Springer Publishing. Maslow, A.M. (1970). Motivation and personality. 2nded. New York: Harper and Row Publishers. May, K.A. & Mahlmeister, L.R. (Eds.) (1994). Maternal and neonatal nursing: family -
centered care. 3rded. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott. Mercer, R.T. (1981). A theoretical framework for studying factor that impact on the maternal role.
Nursing Research. 30(March-April), 73-77. Neeson, J.D. & May ,K.A. (Eds.) (1986). Comprehensive maternity nursing: Nursing process
and childbearing family. Philadelphia: J.B.Lippincott. Norvek, J.C. & Broom, B.L. (1995). Maternal and child health nursing. 8thed. St. Louise: C.V.
Mosby. Nuwayhid, K.A. (1991). Role transition, distance and conflict, In S.C. Roy & H. A. Andrews
(Eds.) The Roy adaptation model: The definitive statement. Norwalk: Appleton & Lange, 363 - 376.
Olds, S.B., London, M.L., & Ladewig, P.A. (1980). Maternal – newborn nursing: a family centered approach. 3rd ed. California: Addison – Wesley.
Pender, N.J. (1996). Health promoting in nursing practice. 3rd ed. U.S.A.: Appleton & Lange. Pillitteri, A. (1995). Maternal and child health nursing: Case of the childbearing and
family. 2nd ed. New York: J.B. Lippincott. Reading, A.E., et al. (1983). Health beliefs, and health care behavior in pregnancy. Obstetrical
and Gynecological Survey, 38 (March), 140-142. Rosenberg, M. (1965). Socialty and adolescent Self – image. Princeton: University Press. Roy, S.C. (1984). Introduction to nursing: An adaptation model. 2nd ed. Englewood Cliffs:
Prentice – Hall. . (1991). The Roy adaptation model: The definitive statement. Norwalk, CT:
Appleton & Lange. . (1999). The Roy adaptation model. 2nd ed. Stamford, CT: Appleton & Lange.
77
Schaefer, C., Coyer, J.C., & Lazaras, R.S. (1981). The health related functions of social support. In Bomar, P.J. (Ed.). Nurses and family health promotion. 2thed. United state of America: W.B. Saunders company, 108.
Thornton, R.H., & Narddi , P.M. (1975). The dynamics of role acquistition. American Journal of Sociology, 80 (4), 870 - 885.
Thoits, P.A. (1982). Conceptual, Methodological and theoretical problems in social support as a buffer against life stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 23, 145 - 159.
Williams, R.P. (1995). Family dynamics of pregnancy. In I.M. Bobak, D.L. Lowdermilk & M.D. Jensen(Eds). Maternity nursing. 4th ed. St. Louise: Mosby, 109 – 122
World Health Organization. (1993). The Health of Young People - A Challenge and a Promise. Geneva.
2. () 3.
1..................
1..........................
1. ............................... 2.................................. 3.…………………. 4.………………... 5.………………… 6.………………… 7.……………. 8.………………… 9.…………….. 10.……………. 11.…….. 12.……………… 13.………... 14.………………... 15.………………….. 16.……. 17.……... 18.………………. 19.….. 20.………….
( Index of Item Object Congruence)
1. IOC
2.
IOC
1
3.
() .. 2547
- .. 2553 -
..,.. ()
…….………………….…………….…..……. .. () , M.S.
…………….…………………..……….
…………….…………………..……….
512010 : : ; ..() : / : (Factors Influencing Role Function Adaptation of Pregnant Adolescents) : , M.S. (Maternity and Child Health) . , .. (), 95 (Roy, 1991) 19 8 117 2553 Eta 39.7 0.05
512010 MAJOR: Community Nurse Practitioner; M.N.S. ( Community Nurse Practitioner ) KEY WORD : ROLE FUNCTION ADAPTATION/ PREGNANT ADOLESCENT Sopasinee Eamsaard : Factors Influencing Role Function Adaptation of Pregnant Adolescents. Thesis Advisors : Assoc. Prof. Areena Phanusopon, M.S. (Maternity and Child Health), Col. Dr. Nongpimol Nimitrarnan, Ph.D. (Public Health Nursing), 95 pages. Teenage pregnants affect to quality of life both themselves and their families, because they are immature and lack of role function adaptation during pregnancy, self - esteem, and social support that can enhance the efficiency role function adaptation of teenage pregnant. This study was a descriptive research aimed at study in the basic conditional factors, self - esteem, social support, and the role function adaptation (Roy, 1991) in adolescent pregnancy. The samples were composed of 117 adolescent pregnancy, who were sampling by using systematic random sampling technique. They attended 8 hospitals in Prachaubkirikhan province between March to May, 2010. The data were collected by using four sets of questionnaires that were validated and test reliability already. Those questionnaires composed of personal data, self - esteem, social support, and role function adaptation of adolescent pregnancy. The data were analyzed by mean, standard deviation, Eta, Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression. The results of this study demonstrated that most of samples showed rather high scores of role function adaptation, self-esteem, and social support. Furthermore, there were significant correlations between age, plan for having children, family structure, self-esteem, social support, and role function adaptation of adolescent pregnancy (p < 0.05). The stepwise multiple regression revealed that 39.7 percent of variance of role function adaptation were predicted by three significant factors; i.e., self- esteem, social support, and plan for having children (p < 0.05). Therefore, from this study, it revealed that nurses, who work in antenatal clinics should promote role function adaptation of adolescent pregnancy by promoting self-esteem and social support since the first antenatal care.
1 4 4 4 5 7 8
10
()
44 56
1
7
10
19
18
4 (Andrew & Roy, 1991: 15 - 17) 1. (Physiological mode)
19
2 : (Roy, 1991: 50)
- -
33
sampling) 8 1 120
()
3 (Interval) I = N/n ( , 2550: 192 )
I = N/n
4 1
35
36
3 2 1
37
39
40
30 11 (Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficient, 2540) ( , 2544)
α = n/n-1[1-Σ Si2 St2] α =
41
= 0.74 = 0.86 = 0.84
2.1 (Pearson’s product – moment correlation coefficient) 2.2 Eta 2.3 (Stepwise multiple regression analysis)
19 8
45
(n=117)
() () 13 2 1.7 14 - 16 50 42.7 17 - 19 65 55.6 = 16.66 = 1.53 = 13 = 19 11 9.4 78 66.7 /
20
17.1
8 6.8 1 5 4.3 2 51 43.6 3 61 52.1 58 49.6 59 50.4
46
1 98.3 14 – 19
= 16.66 = 1.53
66.7
49.6 40.2
35.0 24.8 2
( x = 3.73,
S.D. = .46)
2
11.03 40.86 23.93 15.89 8.29 3.73 .46
... 29.10 46.20 22.20 2.50 - 4.01 .78 ... 17.10 65.80 12.8 1.70 2.60 3.91 .77 ... 17.10 65.00 8.50 9.40 - 3.89 .79 ... 2.60 6.80 22.20 44.50 23.90 3.80 .96 ..... 2.60 6.00 31.60 35.90 23.90 3.72 .97 ..... 17.90 39.30 37.60 5.20 - 3.70 .82 ..... 6.80 53.80 32.60 6.80 - 3.60 .71 ..... 4.30 21.40 15.30 27.40 31.60 3.60 1.25 .... 8.50 49.50 29.20 12.80 - 3.53 .82 ... 4.30 54.70 27.03 12.80 0.90 3.48 .80
3
x = 3.72, S.D. = 1.10 )
45.3
59.0
48.2
3
49
22.92 33.50 33.67 6.83 3.08 3.66 .60
.... 45.30 35.00 15.40 2.60 1.70 4.19 .91 ....... 32.50 39.30 26.50 1.70 - 4.02 .81 .... 15.40 40.20 35.00 6.80 2.60 3.58 .92 ...... 17.10 29.90 32.50 13.70 6.80 3.36 1.12 ...... 4.30 23.10 59.00 9.30 4.30 3.13 .80
27.00 35.58 5.84 8.86 2.72 3.75 .68
...... 35.00 49.60 12.00 3.40 - 4.16 .76 .... 33.30 36.80 22.20 7.70 - 3.95 .93 ..... 38.50 30.80 21.40 4.30 5.10 3.93 1.11 .......... 18.80 35.90 36.80 6 .80 1.70 3.63 .92 ...... 9.40 24.80 36.80 22.20 6.80 3.07 1.05
25.73 30.48 28.06 13.34 2.38 3.73 1.10
...... 48.20 32.80 9.60 7.70 1.70 4.59 4.62 .... 29.10 32.50 28.20 10.30 - 3.80 .97 .... 24.80 31.60 33.30 8.50 1.70 3.69 .99 ...... 11.10 35.00 35.00 15.40 3.40 3.35 .98 .......... 15.40 20.50 34.20 24.80 5.10 3.16 1.12
50
......... 14.50 36.80 33.30 15.40 - 3.50 .92 ........... 6.00 6.80 41.90 25.60 19.70 3.46 1.07 ...... 14.50 24.80 21.40 28.20 11.10 3.03 1.25 ...... 4.30 7.70 21.40 26.50 40.20 2.09 1.14
34.12 35.68 20.73 8.12 1.35 3.96 .55
....... 59.80 31.60 6.80 - 1.70 4.47 .77 .... 50.40 35.00 12.00 2.60 - 4.33 .78 ..... 43.60 41.90 8.50 5.10 0.90 4.22 .87 ........ 41.00 41.90 14.50 2.60 - 4.21 .78 ........ 47.00 29.10 15.40 6.80 1.70 4.12 1.02 ......... 38.50 40.20 13.70 7.70 - 4.09 .90 ..... 32.50 39.30 24.80 1.70 1.70 3.99 .89 ..... 24.80 39.30 23.10 7.70 5.10 3.70 1.08 .... 22.20 30.80 39.30 6.00 1.70 3.65 .94 .... 17.10 37.60 31.60 12.80 0.90 3.57 .94
51
........ 22.20 28.20 27.40 20.50 1.70 3.48 1.10 .... 10.30 33.30 31.60 23.90 0.90 3.28 .97
7.48 19.67 38.05 24.56 10.24 2.89 .73
...... 23.10 41.90 29.10 4.30 1.70 3.80 .92 ............. 1.70 12.80 49.60 25.60 10.30 2.70 .88 ......... 3.40 13.70 32.50 35.90 14.50 2.55 1.01 .... 1.70 10.30 41.00 32.50 14.50 2.52 .92
( x = 4.47, S.D. = .77) 59.8
( x = 3.28, S.D. = .97) 33.3
( x = 3.02, S.D. = .65, x = 2.89, S.D. = .73 )
( x = 3.50, S.D. = .92) 36.8
52
41.9
(n = 117)
* p - value < 0.05, ** p - value < 0.01
5
0.05 (Eta = .249, p - value =
53
6
* p - value < 0.05, ** p - value < 0.01
6
0.05 (r = .040, p - value = .671)
6
7
(Stepwise Regression Analysis)
b Beta t p - value .402 .411 5.049 .000
.204
.000
.003
Constant (a) = 1.185 R2 = .397 Adjust R square = .381 F = 24.778
Y =
a =
b1 =
b2 =
b3 =
x1 =
x2 =
x3 =
1
0.195
8
2 3
57
1985: 310 - 353)
( 2549: 48 )
(2543: 147)
59
( 6)
( 1) 40.2
35 ( 1)
(Esteem needs)
61
( 12)
(2532: 62)
( x = 3.75, S.D. = .68 x = 3.72, S.D. = 1.10)
(2533: )
64
(2552: )
0.05 (Eta = .249, p - value = .007) (Neeson & May, 1986: 359)
19
67
2 3 26.32
50
( x = 3.48,
( x = 3.75,
S.D.= .68) ( x = 3.72, S.D. = 1.10)
( x = 3.66, S.D. = .64)
. . : ...
. (2551). 2551.
. (2548). . : .
. (2548). . : . . (2550). . :
. . (2550). . :
. . . (2545). . :
. . (2542).
. . . (2547).
. . .
. (2549). . . .
. (2546). . . .
. (2550). . . .
. . .
. (2551). . . .
75
Andrew, H. A. & Roy, C. (1991). Essential of the Roy adaptation model. In S. C. Roy and H. Andrew (eds.) The Roy adaptation model: The definitive statement. Connecticut: Appleton & Lange, 3 - 25.
____________________________. (1999). The Roy adaptation model. 2nd ed. Connecticut: Appleton & Lange.
Best, J.W. (1977). Research in education. 3rd ed. Engle Wood Clift, NJ: Prentic Hall. Caplan, G. (1976). Support system and community mental health. New York: Behavioral
Publication. Clark, A.L., Affonso, D.D. & Harris, T.R. (Eds.). (1979). Chlidbearing; A nursing perspective.
2nded. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Company. Cobb, S. (1976). Social support as a moderator of life stress. Psychosomatic Medicine, 38, 300 –
314. Cohen, S. & Will, T.A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological
Bullitin, 98 (2), 310 - 353. Dunkley, J. (2000). Health promotion in midewifery practice: A resource for health
professionals. China: Harcourt Publishers Limited. Griffin, T. F.(1993). Maternal role attainment. IMAGE: Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 23(3), 257-262 Hall, W.A. (1994). Adolescent childbearing and parenting IN. KA. May & L.R. Mahlmeister
(Eds.) Maternal & neonatal nursing: family - centered care. 3rded. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Comp, 197 -216.
Jarrett, G.E.(1982). Childrearing patterns of young mothers: expectation, knowledge and practice. The American Journal of Maternal Child Nursing, 7, 119 – 124. Johnson, P.A. (1994). Adolescent sexuality, Pregnancy and Parenthood. In I.M. Bobak & M.D.
Jensen (Eds.), Maternity & Gynecologic care: The nurse and the family. 5thed. Saint Louis: Mosby Year – book, 1016 – 1043.
Keys, J.J. & Hofling, C.K. (1974). Basic psychiatric concepts in nursing. 3rded. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott.
76
Ladewig, P.W., London, M.L., & Old, S.B. (1994). Essentials of maternal - newborn nursing. 3rded. California: Cummings Publishing.
Lasarus, R.S. & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal and coping. Newyork: Springer Publishing. Maslow, A.M. (1970). Motivation and personality. 2nded. New York: Harper and Row Publishers. May, K.A. & Mahlmeister, L.R. (Eds.) (1994). Maternal and neonatal nursing: family -
centered care. 3rded. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott. Mercer, R.T. (1981). A theoretical framework for studying factor that impact on the maternal role.
Nursing Research. 30(March-April), 73-77. Neeson, J.D. & May ,K.A. (Eds.) (1986). Comprehensive maternity nursing: Nursing process
and childbearing family. Philadelphia: J.B.Lippincott. Norvek, J.C. & Broom, B.L. (1995). Maternal and child health nursing. 8thed. St. Louise: C.V.
Mosby. Nuwayhid, K.A. (1991). Role transition, distance and conflict, In S.C. Roy & H. A. Andrews
(Eds.) The Roy adaptation model: The definitive statement. Norwalk: Appleton & Lange, 363 - 376.
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2. () 3.
1..................
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1. ............................... 2.................................. 3.…………………. 4.………………... 5.………………… 6.………………… 7.……………. 8.………………… 9.…………….. 10.……………. 11.…….. 12.……………… 13.………... 14.………………... 15.………………….. 16.……. 17.……... 18.………………. 19.….. 20.………….
( Index of Item Object Congruence)
1. IOC
2.
IOC
1
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- .. 2553 -
