Open Educational Resources

Lesmateriaal? Open moet het zijn!

Prof. dr. Frederik QuestierVrije Universiteit Brussel

Seminarie onderwijskunde 5: digitaal lerenVlaamse Chamilo gebruikersdagUniversity College Ghent, 25/05/2011

This presentation can be found athttp://questier.com

http://www.slideshare.net/Frederik_Questier

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My background

Copyleft Frederik Questier, Vrije Universiteit Brussel 4

My research interestsMy research interests

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Research and Innovation Director

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Our social responsibility:how open is the future?

Student PIRGs(Public Interest Research Groups)

➢ “(US) students spend an average of $900 a year on textbooks and course materials”

➢ “Textbook prices have increased four times the rate of inflation since 1994!”

Student PIRGs(Public Interest Research Groups)

➢ “Why are textbooks so expensive?➢ Publishers undermine the used book market.➢ Publishers “bundle” textbooks with extra CDs,

passcodes and workbooks.➢ More expensive➢ Supplements expire at end of semester

➢ Publishers keep faculty in the dark about prices.➢ textbooks market is broken”

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Electronic books?

➢ Would you buy or advise your students➢ electronic versions of (educational) books➢ if they were 30% cheaper than paper books➢ maybe many books on a good reading device ~ paper?

➢

➢ Be aware: often➢ limited to 1 year

➢ no access in the higher years of study➢ limited to buyer

➢ no second hand buying or sale➢ no library

➢ no extensive printing

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Expensive and incompatible

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Text To Speech softwareon e-books

➢ Blessing for the blind

➢ 'Copyright violation' according to 'Author's Guild' (publishers)

→ TTS disabled in Amazon Kindle 2 Remote kill flags discovered!

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DRM:Digital Rights Management or Digital Restrictions Management?

➢ Restricted➢ export

➢ copying➢ printing➢ Text To Speech

➢ in time➢ to buyer (no second hand market)

➢ biometric identification➢ user info “inscribed” in the work (Microsoft Reader)➢ access info sent back to publisher

➢ to certain hardware (e.g. Mac OS X - Apple hardware)➢ to geographic regions

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DRM

➢ is killing innovation➢ can prevent legal rights such as

➢ fair use private copying➢ time shifting➢ lending services (library)➢ 2nd hand resale of works➢ donation➢ access for disabled➢ archival➢ public domain➢ …

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"The most fundamental way of helping other

people,is to teach people

how to do things betteror how to better their

lives.

For peoplewho use computers,this means sharing

the recipesyou use on your

computer,in other words

the programs you run."

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Free Software(“Open Source Software”)

➢The freedom to

➢ use

➢ study

➢ distribute

➢ improve

the program

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Free Software

includes great software like

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Mass collaboration works amazinglyfor software development...

What about learning materials?

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First of all:

Copyright lawis not really helpful...

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Lady Justicehas lost her

sense of balance

Copyright18th century vs 21st century

➢ “for the encouragement of learning”

➢ “to promote the progress of science

and useful arts”

➢ Protection on request of author

➢ 14+14y

➢ Protect authors against publishers

➢ If you give copy to every library

➢ Private and non-commercial reproductions

allowed

➢ Economic motives

➢ Protection automatically

➢ Till 70y after death author

➢ Publishers demand the copyrights

➢ “Private copiers are pirates”

➢ Protection for DRM

There are nice exceptionson reproduction and publication rightsfor educational and scientific purposes

But we need the permission of the authorsif we want to modify their works

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Creative Commons

➢ www.creativecommons.org

➢ 6 combinations of➢ Commercial – no commercial use allowed➢ Modifications – no modifications allowed➢ Sharealike – not sharealike

Share what you want,keep what you want

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Creative Commons

➢ Movie➢ Wanna work together?➢ http://support.creativecommons.org/videos/#wwt

Open educational resources (OER)

digitised materialsoffered freely and openly

for educators, students and self-learnersto use and reuse

for teaching, learning and research

Why OER?

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Why Open Course Ware?

➢ Why not: should we consider academic knowledge as (secret) Intellectual Property?➢ The dark ages of scarcity of information are over!

➢ (Peer) recognition➢ for teacher

➢ Whose course is referred to most?➢ Yours or the one one from your 'competitor'?

➢ for university/schools

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Why Open Course Ware?

➢ Increase quality➢ Teachers working together➢ Best course modules are

➢ reused most often➢ getting most feedback➢ getting better again

➢ Saving time & costs➢ Teachers can start building course from existing material➢ Creation of animated or interactive learning objects is

often too expensive for development/use by only one institution

UNESCO

Believing that OER can

widen access to quality education,

particularly when shared by many countries

and higher education institutions,

UNESCO champions OER

as a means of promoting access, equity and quality

in the spirit of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

ocw.mit.edu (CCPL)

www.merlot.org

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cnx.org

www.gutenberg.org (public domain)

www.flatworldknowledge.com (CCPL)

(Firefox) Creative Commons Search

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Does your VLE look like thisto the outside world?

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Closed?

➢ The few good reasons for closing an LMS,

are probably the reasons why the LMS is

not dead yet...

➢ Copyright exemptions for education➢ Privacy

➢ for minors➢ for making mistakes➢ for teachers?

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But all the rest should be open!

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Open

➢ Open Source➢ Open Standards➢ Open Courseware➢ (OpenID)

➢ Sharing students and teachers between VLEs➢ + Portability

➢ Enable instutional collaboration

➢ (Open Framework)➢ Sharing apps between VLEs

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These generic repositories in Chamilo 2.0 are nice

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Specialized learning object repositories are nicer!

S. Ternier et al., Interoperability for Searching Learning Object Repositories: The ProLearn Query Language, D-Lib Magazine, 2008, Volume 14 Number 1/2, doi:10.1045/january2008-ceri

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Let's avoid the empty box

feeling!

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But content is no longer king!

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What is good learning?

Jonassen's Model for (constructive) learning environments

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wikibooks.org

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Example made with my studentsnl.wikibooks.org/wiki/Onderwijstechnologie

Experiences withopen publication

and student defined access control

Extra motivating

Copyright!Privacy of patients etc

Student awareness needed!Block search engines through robots.txt ;)

Student portfolios

I'GLO

Students create

Interaction Generating Learning Objects

research projectArtesis Hogeschool

OER Barriers?

➢ Awareness➢ Teachers attitude➢ Not enough OER yet➢ Copyright➢ Limitations of LMS? (licenses, access control)➢ Funding➢ Institutional policy➢ ?

Copyleft Frederik Questier, Vrije Universiteit Brussel 63

DAREDARETO SHARETO SHARE

Questions?Thanks!

Credits

➢ Open Neon light CC by-nc-nd-by by “late night movie” [Mart]

➢ T-Shirt “Best things are life are free” by http://zazzle.com

➢ Lady Justitia CC by-nc-nd By lumierefl (Flickr)

➢ “Sorry. We're closed” CC by-nc by Tommaso Galli

➢ OPEN, CC-by-nc-sa by Tom Magliery

➢ Empty box, CC by-nc-nd by Mike Bitzenhofer

➢ Share matches CC by-nc-nd by Josh Harper

➢ Question mark CC by by Stefan Baudy