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Open Educational Resources
Lesmateriaal? Open moet het zijn!
Prof. dr. Frederik QuestierVrije Universiteit Brussel
Seminarie onderwijskunde 5: digitaal lerenVlaamse Chamilo gebruikersdagUniversity College Ghent, 25/05/2011
This presentation can be found athttp://questier.com
http://www.slideshare.net/Frederik_Questier
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My background
Copyleft Frederik Questier, Vrije Universiteit Brussel 4
My research interestsMy research interests
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Research and Innovation Director
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Our social responsibility:how open is the future?
Student PIRGs(Public Interest Research Groups)
➢ “(US) students spend an average of $900 a year on textbooks and course materials”
➢ “Textbook prices have increased four times the rate of inflation since 1994!”
Student PIRGs(Public Interest Research Groups)
➢ “Why are textbooks so expensive?➢ Publishers undermine the used book market.➢ Publishers “bundle” textbooks with extra CDs,
passcodes and workbooks.➢ More expensive➢ Supplements expire at end of semester
➢ Publishers keep faculty in the dark about prices.➢ textbooks market is broken”
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Electronic books?
➢ Would you buy or advise your students➢ electronic versions of (educational) books➢ if they were 30% cheaper than paper books➢ maybe many books on a good reading device ~ paper?
➢
➢ Be aware: often➢ limited to 1 year
➢ no access in the higher years of study➢ limited to buyer
➢ no second hand buying or sale➢ no library
➢ no extensive printing
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Expensive and incompatible
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Text To Speech softwareon e-books
➢ Blessing for the blind
➢ 'Copyright violation' according to 'Author's Guild' (publishers)
→ TTS disabled in Amazon Kindle 2 Remote kill flags discovered!
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DRM:Digital Rights Management or Digital Restrictions Management?
➢ Restricted➢ export
➢ copying➢ printing➢ Text To Speech
➢ in time➢ to buyer (no second hand market)
➢ biometric identification➢ user info “inscribed” in the work (Microsoft Reader)➢ access info sent back to publisher
➢ to certain hardware (e.g. Mac OS X - Apple hardware)➢ to geographic regions
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DRM
➢ is killing innovation➢ can prevent legal rights such as
➢ fair use private copying➢ time shifting➢ lending services (library)➢ 2nd hand resale of works➢ donation➢ access for disabled➢ archival➢ public domain➢ …
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"The most fundamental way of helping other
people,is to teach people
how to do things betteror how to better their
lives.
For peoplewho use computers,this means sharing
the recipesyou use on your
computer,in other words
the programs you run."
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Free Software(“Open Source Software”)
➢The freedom to
➢ use
➢ study
➢ distribute
➢ improve
the program
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Free Software
includes great software like
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20
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Mass collaboration works amazinglyfor software development...
What about learning materials?
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First of all:
Copyright lawis not really helpful...
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Lady Justicehas lost her
sense of balance
Copyright18th century vs 21st century
➢ “for the encouragement of learning”
➢ “to promote the progress of science
and useful arts”
➢ Protection on request of author
➢ 14+14y
➢ Protect authors against publishers
➢ If you give copy to every library
➢ Private and non-commercial reproductions
allowed
➢ Economic motives
➢ Protection automatically
➢ Till 70y after death author
➢ Publishers demand the copyrights
➢ “Private copiers are pirates”
➢ Protection for DRM
There are nice exceptionson reproduction and publication rightsfor educational and scientific purposes
But we need the permission of the authorsif we want to modify their works
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Creative Commons
➢ www.creativecommons.org
➢ 6 combinations of➢ Commercial – no commercial use allowed➢ Modifications – no modifications allowed➢ Sharealike – not sharealike
Share what you want,keep what you want
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Creative Commons
➢ Movie➢ Wanna work together?➢ http://support.creativecommons.org/videos/#wwt
Open educational resources (OER)
digitised materialsoffered freely and openly
for educators, students and self-learnersto use and reuse
for teaching, learning and research
Why OER?
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Why Open Course Ware?
➢ Why not: should we consider academic knowledge as (secret) Intellectual Property?➢ The dark ages of scarcity of information are over!
➢ (Peer) recognition➢ for teacher
➢ Whose course is referred to most?➢ Yours or the one one from your 'competitor'?
➢ for university/schools
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Why Open Course Ware?
➢ Increase quality➢ Teachers working together➢ Best course modules are
➢ reused most often➢ getting most feedback➢ getting better again
➢ Saving time & costs➢ Teachers can start building course from existing material➢ Creation of animated or interactive learning objects is
often too expensive for development/use by only one institution
UNESCO
Believing that OER can
widen access to quality education,
particularly when shared by many countries
and higher education institutions,
UNESCO champions OER
as a means of promoting access, equity and quality
in the spirit of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
ocw.mit.edu (CCPL)
www.merlot.org
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cnx.org
www.gutenberg.org (public domain)
www.flatworldknowledge.com (CCPL)
(Firefox) Creative Commons Search
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Does your VLE look like thisto the outside world?
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Closed?
➢ The few good reasons for closing an LMS,
are probably the reasons why the LMS is
not dead yet...
➢ Copyright exemptions for education➢ Privacy
➢ for minors➢ for making mistakes➢ for teachers?
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But all the rest should be open!
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Open
➢ Open Source➢ Open Standards➢ Open Courseware➢ (OpenID)
➢ Sharing students and teachers between VLEs➢ + Portability
➢ Enable instutional collaboration
➢ (Open Framework)➢ Sharing apps between VLEs
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These generic repositories in Chamilo 2.0 are nice
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Specialized learning object repositories are nicer!
S. Ternier et al., Interoperability for Searching Learning Object Repositories: The ProLearn Query Language, D-Lib Magazine, 2008, Volume 14 Number 1/2, doi:10.1045/january2008-ceri
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Let's avoid the empty box
feeling!
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But content is no longer king!
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What is good learning?
Jonassen's Model for (constructive) learning environments
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wikibooks.org
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Example made with my studentsnl.wikibooks.org/wiki/Onderwijstechnologie
Experiences withopen publication
and student defined access control
Extra motivating
Copyright!Privacy of patients etc
Student awareness needed!Block search engines through robots.txt ;)
Student portfolios
I'GLO
Students create
Interaction Generating Learning Objects
research projectArtesis Hogeschool
OER Barriers?
➢ Awareness➢ Teachers attitude➢ Not enough OER yet➢ Copyright➢ Limitations of LMS? (licenses, access control)➢ Funding➢ Institutional policy➢ ?
Copyleft Frederik Questier, Vrije Universiteit Brussel 63
DAREDARETO SHARETO SHARE
Questions?Thanks!
Credits
➢ Open Neon light CC by-nc-nd-by by “late night movie” [Mart]
➢ T-Shirt “Best things are life are free” by http://zazzle.com
➢ Lady Justitia CC by-nc-nd By lumierefl (Flickr)
➢ “Sorry. We're closed” CC by-nc by Tommaso Galli
➢ OPEN, CC-by-nc-sa by Tom Magliery
➢ Empty box, CC by-nc-nd by Mike Bitzenhofer
➢ Share matches CC by-nc-nd by Josh Harper
➢ Question mark CC by by Stefan Baudy