Tariq Microprocessor 2003

7/31/2019 Tariq Microprocessor 2003

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MOHD TARIQ

ROLL NO.11 AEM 11


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The Central processing unit built on a singleIC is called a microprocessor. It is one of the

most important components of a digitalcomputer. It acts as the brain of the computer

system.

MICROPROCESSOR


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Microprocessor

The key element of all computers, providing themathematical and decision making ability

Current state-of-the-art uPs (Pentium, Athlon, SPARC,

PowerPC) contain complex circuits consisting of tens ofmillions of transistors

They operate at ultra-fast speeds doing over a billion

operations very second

Made up from a semiconductor, Silicon


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Integrated Circuits

Commonly known as an IC or a chip

A tiny piece of Silicon that has several electronic parts on it

The smallest components on an IC are much smaller thanthe thickness of a human hair


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WORD LENGTH OF AMICROPROCESSOR

It is given as n-bit,where n may be 8,16,32 or64.A binary digit 0 or 1 is called a bit.An 8 bitmicroprocessor can process 8 bit data at a time.If

data consists of more than 8 bits,the processortakes up 8 bits of data first and makes itsprocessing,then the next group of 8 bits of dataare taken up one by one for processing.


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Components of Microprocessor

Devices

Transistors

Diodes

Resistors

Capacitors

Wires

And are made of the following materials Silicon - semiconductor

Copper - conductor

Silicon Dioxide - insulator


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Registers

Both ALU & FPU have a very small amount of super-fast

private memory placed right next to them for their exclusiveuse. These are called registers

The ALU & FPU store intermediate and final results fromtheir calculations in these registers

Processed data goes back to the data cache and then tomain memory from these registers


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Instruction Decoder

This unit receives the programming instructions anddecodes them into a form that is understandable by theprocessing units, i.e. the ALU or FPU

Then, it passes on the decoded instruction to the ALU orFPU


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Bus Interface Unit

Receives instructions & data from main memory

Instructions are then sent to the instruction cache, data tothe data cache

Also receives the processed data and sends it to themain memory


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Floating-Point Unit (FPU)

Also known as the NumericUnit

It performs calculations that involve numbersrepresented in the scientific notation (also known as

floating-point numbers). This notation can represent extremely small and

extremely large numbers in a compact form

Floating-point calculations are required for doing

graphics, engineering and scientific work The ALU can do these calculations as well, but will do

them very slowly


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Registers

Registers

Microprocessor

InstructionCache

Arithmetic& Logic

Unit

ControlUnitBus

InterfaceUnit

DataCache

InstructionDecoder

I/O

RAM

MemoryBus

SystemBus

FloatingPointUnit


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Tariq Microprocessor 2003

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