Review Kamal

7/30/2019 Review Kamal

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CHAPTER - 2

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Takeer Singh et al . (2010) suggested that Bhembetka

world heritage site in Madhya Pradesh is quite important

both from archaeological and biodiversity point of view.

There are 700 rocks shelters with worlds oldest Stone Age

rock paintings, which are surrounded by a thick cover of

primeval forests supporting a rich biodiversity. The forests of the area are typically dry mixed deciduous type with

preponderance of Mitragyna parviflora, Terminalia alata,

Careya arborea, Chloroxylon swietenia, sterculia urens, ficus

mollis lannea coromandelica, Angeissus latifolia schleichera

oleosa and diospyros melanoxylon trees. An analysis of

floristic diversity revealed that there are 201 species of

flowering plant belonging to 157 genera and 56 families. The

legumes are most dominant in the area in respect to number

of species (36spp.) followed by families like Malvaceae (13

spp.) and Euphorbiaceae (12spp.). An assessment of

economic potential of the flora has also been made based on

the first hand information generated from local inhabitants

mainly gond adivasis . The economically potential species are

categorized into different groups based on their uses. Rare

and endangered species have also been identified based on

the status evaluation of their populations.


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Review of Literature

Menka et al. (2009) Suggested that the present study is

aimed to investigate the effects of Chenopodium album

(leaves) on the growth of estrogen dependent(MCF-7)and

estrogen independent( MDA-MB 468) human breast cancer

cell lines. The different solvent extracts (petroleum ether,

ethyl acetate and methanol) were assessed for their

cytotoxicity using TBE(Trypan blue exclusion) and MTT[3(4,5-

dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium] bioassay.

These cells were calculated in MEN (minimum essential

medium) medium and incubated with the dilution series of extracts (10-100mg/ml)in CO 2 incubator at 37 0Cfor 24

h.Among the varios extracts studied for two cells lines,

methanolic extracts of C. Album (leaves) exhibited maximum

antibreast cancer activity having IC 50 (the concentration of an

individual compound leading to 50% inhibition) value

27.31mg/ml againstMCF-7 cell line. Significant percentinhibition(94.06%)in the meoh extract of C. album

(leaves0at48 h of exposure and concentration

100mg/ml(p


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Louisa et et al. (2009) Suggested that Amanda

(Apocynaceae) is a genus of climbing shrubs known for

producing compounds with a range of biological activities.

Previous works have shown the anti-proliferative effect of

the ethanolic extract of Allamanda schotti on leukemic cells.

The present work was conducted to evaluate the effects of

dichloro methane fraction, obtained from allamanda schottti,

on sea urchin Echinometra lucunter eggs, as multicellular

model for evaluating anti tumour activity. Our results show

an inhibition of sea urchin development in a dose-dependent manner in the presence of dichloromethane

fraction. The IC 50 values for first and third cleavage and

blastulae stage were 103.7g/ml, 33.1g/ml and 10.2 g/ml,

respectively. These result also demonstrate the cumulative

effect of this fraction on sea urchin embryos. In the present

work, the expressive anti-mitotic activity of dichloromethanefraction towards sea urchin eggs, a multicellular model,

reinforces the anti-yumour potential of the allamanda

schotti.

Nishaa Tripati et al . (2009) suggested that Herbal

products are 009 becoming popular in society and their

demand is showing regular increase in the market. A Studywas undertaken to assess the number of herbal products in

selected categories of face care, tooth care, hair care and

foot care at Haridwar, Uttarakhand. It was observed that

Department of Forestry, S.L.S. Khandari, Agra Kamal Jha(36)


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maximum numbers of products were available under hair

care category followed by face care, tooth care and foot

care. Price-wise, face care products were the costliest

among these

R.S. Rawat et al . (2009) Suggested that a number of

floristic surveys were conducted in different localities of cold

desert in spiti valley of north-west Himalayas for

documenting the medicinal and aromatic plant diversity A

total of 118 medicinal and aromatic plant species have been

recorded, which were low in occurrence and sparsely

distributed. They were also under threat mainly due to over

exploitation, unscientific collection and overgrazing.

Avinish Kumar et al . (2009) Suggested that field study

was done to study and document the indigenous knowledge

of various ethnic groups of Sikkim regarding animal health

care. A large number of plant was collected and the

information on their ethno-veterinary uses was gathered

from local inhabitants. The information about folk medicinal

use, vernacular names of plant and the parts of the plant

used are documented. During the investigation, a well

developed ethno-veterinary system among tribal people was

observed .19 species of plant were recorded, which are used

by local people to cure various diseases and disorders. The

basic aim of the study was to document knowledge and

conserves this medicinal plant.



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Usha Singh et al .(2009) Suggested that MirzapurDistrict of Uttar Pradesh, covering land area 4.952km, is

natural treasure of vast number of plants having ethno-

botanical importance. The present study enumerates some

common and extensively used ethno-medicinal plants,

during the ethno-botanical survey in the District 183 plants

species belonging to 158 genera and 60 families have been

collected. The medicinal informations were gathered by

personal contact with the aborigines such as Kols, Musher,Bagia, Pashaiya, Gond, Saharia, Panika, Kharwar, Agaria and

others. Plants with botanical name, family, local name, part

use are given. These plants are useful under rural healthcare

system and for herbal drug industry.

S. Hussain et al. (2008) Suggested that Arunachal

Pradesh has been identified as one of the Bio diversity

hotspot areas in the world. The tribes inhabiting the state

recognize over 500 species of plant as having medicinal

properties. The authors have conducted field trips in

different areas of Arunachal Pradesh covering six western

districts during March, 2004-October 2005. In this attempt,

they have collected 64 accessions of medical and aromaticplants belonging to 46 species distributed over 45 genera

and 36 families. The local people were interviewed to get the

ethnobotanical information on collected material, including



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live plants, rhizomes, cuttings, suckers, seeds, etc, The

collected materials were also introduced in the field gene

Bank of the NBPGR Regional station Umaim (Meghalaya) for

their multiplication and subsequent characterization. The

ethno-medicinal aspect of medicinal and aromatic plants,

covering their botanical name. Local name, habitat, family

and uses with active principle, of all the 46 species are

presented in the paper. The authors have also emphasized

in-situ as well as ex-situ conservation strategies for

medicinal plants.

N. Santhill Kumar et al. (2008) Suggested that

Entomophagy (i.e. use of insects as food) is practiced in

many part s of the world and including India but the use of

insects, as medicine is done in very few parts of the world

and we are fortunate that north-east people of India are rich

in this traditional medicinal knowledge tribes of north-east

India have been using several insects based traditional drugs

to cure several disease. Over 500 species of insects are used

as medicine to cure common ailments to complicated in the

north-east from time immemorial. Some valuable

information regarding traditional medicinal uses of common

insects by folk doctors has been summarized.

Ajay Kumar Singh et al . (2008) Suggested that the

present manuscript deals with seed and seedling

morphology of a very common ornamental and valuable



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medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus (L.) G .don from District

(U.P.) seedling morphology observed for 53 days. Root/Shoot

length value (R/S Value) and day and date of appearance of

different leaf stages have been provided in tabulated form.

Sourabh Sharma et al. (2008) Suggested that Medicinal

and aromatic plant (MAPs) have great scope to achieve net

higher returns and in international agribusiness which has an

estimated growth rate of about 5-10%. However, MAPs are

facing danger of extinction due to the attack of some serious

insect-pest, disease, weeds, deforestation, extensive

exploitation and harvesting from natural sources and lack of

proper knowledge on those problem among majority of the

people. Therefore there is an urgent need for through

investigation on cultivation management of MAPs. Reports

on insect pests MAPs are meager and scattered. There are

about 40-45 major destructive insect-pest species found

causing loss of about 50-60% damage to MAPs. Therefore, it

is necessary to follow suitable management strategies

involving IPM components of pest management. An overall

literature review of insect of MAPs and their management is

dealt herewith.


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