Paper Title (use style: paper title)

5G Internet of Radio Light Services for Musée de la Carte à Jouer

John Cosmas1, Ben Meunier1, Kareem Ali1, Nawar Jawad1, Hong-Ying Meng1, Florian Goutagneux2, Eric Legale3, Matteo Satta3, Pascaline Jay3, Xun Zhang4, Chuanxi Huang4, Jorge Garcia5, Marios Negru6, Yue Zhang7, Tasos Kourtis8, Charilaos Koumaras8, Christos Sakkas8, Li-Ke Huang9, Rudolf Zetik10, Krzysztof Cabaj11, Wojciech Mazurczyk11,Adam Kapovits12

Brunel University1, Musée de la Carte à Jouer2, Issy Média3, ISEP4, Oledcom5, Viotech7, University of Bedfordshire7, National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos8, Cobham Wireless9, FHG-IIS10, Warsaw University of Technology11, Eurescom12

Email: john.cosmas@brunel.ac.uk

Abstract—In this paper we present a 5G Internet Radio-Light (IoRL) architecture and services for museums that can be readily deployed because it utilizes unlicensed visible light and millimeter wave part of the electromagnetic spectrum and which is used to provide museums’ visitors with accurate location, interaction, access to Internet and high resolution video on a Tablet PC. The paper describes the museum, its related use case scenarios, the user and functional requirements and the IoRL architecture

Keywords— Museums; 5G; Visible Light Communications; millimetre Wave Communications; Software Defined Networks, Network Function Virtualisation.

I. Introduction

S-GW

Internet

P-GW

eNB

VLCMultifunctional MIMO VLC

HandsetsTVs and ComputersMacro Station (eNB)S-GW/P-GW

PoE or PoF or POFVisible Light Coms

Celular NetworkSoftware Defined Home Network

POF/ PoEVLC

Half Duplex mmWavemmWave duplex

Control PlaneDataPlaneManagement ApplicationPlane

SDHN ControllersNFV Applications

SDN Enabled Intelligent Home IP Gateway

((|))

MMEHSS

WLAN/HeNB

SDNControllerHeNBS-GWHeNBS-GW

S1-MMES11S1-U

PCRF

Remote Radio-Light Head Network

WLAN duplex

Intelligent LightRoses

Cloud Home Data Center Server

NFV Applications

A 5G Radio-Light multi-component carrier, Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) broadband system for buildings consisting of a VLC downlink channel in the unlicensed THz spectrum and mm Wave up/downlink channels in unlicensed 30-300 GHz spectrum, allows wireless communication networks to be deployed in buildings that can provide bitrates greater than 10Gbits/sec, latencies of less than 1ms, location accuracy of less than 10cm, whilst reducing EMF levels and interference, lowering energy consumption at transmitter/receiver and increasing User Equipment energy battery lifetime.

The European Union funded IoRL research project’s Software Defined Home Network (SDHN) Architecture, shown in Figure 1, not only allows network service providers to develop Security Monitoring, Energy Saving, Location Sensing, Network Slicing, Lights Configuration, Video and Network Transport Configuration and Network Security applications but also provides the means to locate network operations and management functions between the Intelligent Home IP Gateway (HIPG) and the Cloud Home Data Centre (CHDC) server in a configurable way to meet the different OPEX and CAPEX needs of different Mobile Network Operators (MNOs).

Furthermore it does not require Mobile Network Operators (MNO) approval for deployment [1]. This step change in performance is a very attractive solution for building owners since it will increase the value of their properties, thereby obviating the need for MNOs to raise capital to finance the upgrade of any building network infrastructure. These features are of increasing interest to owners of public buildings such as museums.

The most comprehensive directory of the museums of the world, which is published by De Gruyter [3], lists more than 55,000 museums in 202 countries. There are about 2,500 museums in the UK, the most visited of which is the British Museum in London, which welcomes over 6.7 Million visitors per year [4] and whose collection consists of over 8 Million artefacts, a small fraction of which are displayed at any one time. There are about 1,218 museums in France, the most visited of which is the Musée du Louvre in Paris, which welcomes over 8.7 Million visitors per year in 2011 where approximately 38,000 objects from prehistory to the 21st century are exhibited over an area of 72,735 square metres at any given time, a small fraction of their total collection [5].

The Museums Association (MA) agreed a definition in 1998, which states: “Museums enable people to explore collections for inspiration, learning and enjoyment. They are institutions that collect, safeguard and make accessible artefacts and specimens, which they hold in trust for society.” This definition includes art galleries with collections of works of art, as well as museums with historical collections of objects.

Multimedia guides help visitors understand what they are viewing and well prepared media is appreciated by the public. The British Museum has a guide that provides 260 expert commentaries on highlight objects from the Museum, with audio, video, text and images providing in-depth information, self-guided tours for exploring the Museum, from ancient Egypt to China, an interactive map to help you find your way around, a digital souvenir you can send to yourself with a list of what you visited. According to Trip Advisor reviews on the multimedia in the British Museum [6], the multimedia Tour guide provides: “an effective and exciting ways to learn about the things you see both for adults and kids” and “You have to get the audio guide because it makes the experience so much better!”. However they are not without problems. The popularity of the audio guides meant that they were not always available: “By 10:30 am on a Tuesday all of the audio devices were gone. We were told none would be available until 1pm”. Some guides were affected by interference: “I would NOT recommend getting the audio guides, they switch channels, languages, and just randomly jump all the time. Hoping they'll fix it soon”. Some users complained that they were required to clumsily “punch in the exhibit number and get a brief explanation of the exhibit” and that: “The multimedia guide cost £10 for two adults and a child and did not work at all well. The equipment was poor and it lacked appeal for children. It was not as good as Buckingham Palace guide”.

The Musée de la Carte à Jouer [2] is a museum of playing cards located in Issy-les-Moulineaux, which is a medium sized city on the outskirts of Paris (France) that is recognized as one of the most important innovation hubs in Europe. It contains about 9000 artefacts, including nearly 6500 playing cards, 980 etchings, drawings, and posters, and more than other 1000 objects related to card games. It consists of two buildings: the Modern and the Old, which was formerly a wing of the Château of the Princes of Conti. The museum also acts as a community centre for the Issy community, frequently hosting children’s activities driven by a professional entertainer, such as Magical Tours of expositions. The Modern Museum building was built on the side of a hill and the basement areas suffered from an underground water course running through the building causing dampness. For this reason the basement areas of this modern building was encased in stainless steel container to keep out the water but this also acts as a Faraday Cage that prohibits outside wireless signals from entering the building and vice versa. On the top floor of the old Museum building, a VLC information system is already used to transmit data to tablet PCs about exhibits, which relate to the exhibit it is illuminating. However to update this information it is required to climb up to the VLC transmitter, extract the memory stick within it, update the information on the memory stick and return the memory stick back to the VLC transmitter. Furthermore since there is no uplink communications from the tablet PC to the light heads there is not the possibility to design interaction in the applications and since there is no backhaul from the light heads to the home IP gateway there is no access to the wider Internet.

II. Use Cases

This section presents museum use cases each one of which is a list of actions defining the interactions between a user and a system to achieve a goal.

A. Children's Treasure Hunt

In order to improve children experience, new IoRL technology offers a new kind of interactive visit inviting children to discover the museum through a game making it more interesting. Actually, children, all along with their parents or tutors, are invited to play in a “smart” treasure hunt through the access to an Internet page providing clues to artefacts (e.g. find the picture of a lady on the horse entering the city gates on an artefact) within the museum. Children then explore the museum to find the artefact, which contains all the elements of this clue. Once they have found the artefact, they photograph it and upload it on their cloud database.

This may allow also creating challenges between children, such as determining as a winner the child that has identified the most correct artefacts from all the clues in the shortest period of time.

B. Updating Information System for Exhibits

The museum regularly constructs new exhibits in the Exhibition Hall on different Themes on the top floor of the New Building. The curator needs to regularly design the exhibit according to the new collection hosted and taking into consideration many different information (number of artefacts, theme of artefacts, particular needs of any single artefact).

Next to this, he/she is required to update different information (e.g. texts, descriptions, images and videos) related to the new exhibit artefacts to allow visitors to fully appreciate the exhibition.

IoRL technology allows him to access to a database with all the information and associate this information with the RRLH illuminating that particular exhibit. This data is then dynamically accessed by the visitors when they are in the vicinity of a RRLH.

C. Navigation Guide and Information System on Visitors’ Activities in Museum

While any visitors move around a museum with audio guides and other similar static solutions, he/she is always constrained to follow a particular path and this is often hitting the experience of a visitor.

The IoRL solution would allow the visitors to access to a floor plan of the museum to help the visitor to navigate around it. As visitors move around the museum from exhibit to exhibit, they can receive the due information time by time according to their location, allowing them to be able to feel comfortable in the museum and to be able to move freely during their visit with an increase of user experience.

Moreover, at the same time, a database records their behaviors, namely: the time each visitor spends at each exhibit, their path through the museum, the density of visitors in the museum at any one time etc. for analysis by the museum management.

D. Exploring Current and Past Museum’s Expositions in the Restaurant or Externally

The museum regularly constructs new exhibits in the Exhibition Hall on different Themes (e.g. The "great loop" of the Seine). A record of this exhibit is then recorded on a Theta-S camera using a walkthrough the Exhibition Centre by the curator and stored on a database. When this exhibit is replaced by a new exhibit (e.g. Puppet at the end of the world) then visitors can access past exhibits from a database, and view it on a VR headset while they are enjoying their lunch in the cafeteria.

E. Handover between Different Areas of Museum Building

The museum resides in two buildings, namely the modern building and the old building; that are connected by an overhead walk-way with multiple floors on each building. The floors on these two buildings necessarily require different groups of RRLHs and their Controllers to cover different parts of the two buildings e.g. the Garden Floor can be covered by four groups of RRLHs and their Controllers, whilst the Mezzanine Floor can be covered by two groups of RRLHs and their Controllers. As visitors walk between these areas in the buildings there is intra-network layer handover between these two different parts of the network..

F. Rogue VLC Transmitter Placement and Denial of Service Attacks

The IoRL system is vulnerable to DoS (Denial of Service) disruptive attacks, where an attacker places a VLC transmitter, which sends malicious code infecting museum visitors’ devices instead of legitimate and benign data concerning artefacts presented in the museum. It is also vulnerable to Rogue VLC Transmitter Placement where an attacker intentionally leaves the rouge device at the museum, which disrupts VLC communication thus preventing e.g. collecting data concerning visitors’ movements and providing information to the visitors concerning presented objects and floor plans.

III. INTERNET OF RADIO LIGHT ARCHITECTURE

The IoRL architecture is a layered architecture consisting of four segments, as shown in Figure 2: Service, Network Function Virtualisation (NFV), Software Defined Network (SDN) and Access. The Service segment is required to run Server side applications to stream audio-video, receive and store results on databases etc. from a multi-core Cloud Home Data Centre Server (CHDCS) and is required to run Mobile apps from User Equipment i.e. Smart Phones, Tablet PCs and HDTVs.

The NFV segment is required to run the NFV-Orchestrator, which coordinates the resources and networks needed to set up cloud-based services, applications and the NFV infrastructure points-of-presence (NFVI-PoPs), which are where the VNFs, including resources for computation, storage, and networking, are deployed by a network operator. NFVI networks interconnect the computing and storage resources contained in an NFVI-PoP.

SDN ControllerNFV Orchestrator

NFVI PoP

5GHigh L1 Protocol Processing

VNF Repository

Home Museum

Super market

Train Station

SDN appsSDN appsSDN appsSDN appsSDN apps

ACCESSSEGMENTSDNSEGMENTNFVSEGMENTSERVICESEGMENT

Intelligent Home IP GatewayNetwork SecurityCHDCS

WIFIRemote Radio Light Head ControllerVLCRRLHmmWRRLHRemote Radio Light Head ControllerVLC RRLHmmWRRLHRemote Radio Light Head ControllerVLC RRLHmmWRRLH

Figure 2: IoRL Layered Architecture

At the SDN Segment reside all the SDN Forwarding Devices (FDs) to route IP packets towards their 5G Layer 3 and Layer 2 processor cores, the SDN Controller, Access & Management Mobility and Network Security Functions. The NFV and SDN segments run on a multi-core Intelligent Home IP Gateway computer, and is shown in Figure 3.

Internet of Radio-Light in Buildings

7

Tablet PCUHDTVDigitalSignageSmartPhoneVR Headset

SDN Control

6

SDN FD

RRLH ControlerRRLH Controler

Intelligent Home IP GatewaySDN FDSDN FD5G L2 & L3Processing

WIFI

5G L2 & L3Processing

5G L2 & L3Processing

5G L2 & L3Processing5G Upper L1 Processing

Cloud Home Data CenterServer

Internet

RoutingPolicySDN Router (with light AMF/MME)

NFVOVNFRepository

NATFirewallNorthbound Interface to Application Layer on IHIPG

mmWRRLHmmWRRLHTDDVLC RRLHTDDVLC RRLH

10G EtherneteCPRIConnection

Figure 3: Network Layer Architecture

The Access segment architecture uses a 10G Ethernet ring with Common Public Radio Interface (eCPRI) [7] to interconnect a High Layer 1 FPGA processor with up to six Remote Radio Light Head (RRLH) Controller FPGSs each hosting two Lower Layer 1 processors, the first that generates an IF signal to drive up to 8 VLC MISO modules using a 1 to 8 RF splitter and a second that generates an IF signal to drive or be driven by up to 8 mmWave RF Duplex modules using a 1 to 8 RF splitter, as shown in Figure 4. The functional split between the RRLH Remote Unit and the Central Unit in the Physical Layer 1 can be at splits A, B and C on the protocol stack, as shown in Figure 5. The 10 GHz Ethernet ring can be looped from room to room in a building from one RRLH to another in a similar way to the electric light circuit in a home. A 10 MHz GPS reference is sent to IHIPG, High L1 Protocol Processor and RRLH Controller for use in 5G synchronization algorithms at these layers.

mmWModuleLower L1VLCModuleLower L1

RRLH Controler

VLC MISO RRLH Module

mm WaveRRLH RF Module

M=8 RF SplitterWith beam# in TBM=8 RF SplitterWith beam# in TB

TDD

3.5 GHz IF10 GEthernet Ring20 MHz IF

Figure 4: RRLH Controller, VLC MISO RRLH and

mmWave RF RRLH Modules in Access Segment

As there is a limited amount of space available in Light Rose housing within which the VLC and mmWave RRLH is housed, the concept of Network Function Virtualisation (NFV) is adopted to off-load the complexity of the upper layer protocol processing of the communication systems required in the RRLH onto the IHIPG. This complexity consists of Network Layer 3 and MAC Layer 2 processing and network functions such as Deep Packet Inspection, Caching, Firewall, Watermarking and Transcoding. The high level 1 Protocol processing is likely to be at Split B and further splits within the RRLH may be set at split C.

Figure 5: eCPRI Functional split options

VLC DC-OFDM modulation is used, which is compatible with the radio of the New Radio 5G frame formats. The bandwidth of the VLC LEDs is up to 20 MHz but can this can potentially be extended to 100 MHz depending on the quality of the LEDs lights used, which means that subcarrier spacing of up to 60 kHz from the 5G NR frame formats [8] can be used, as shown in Figure 6, potentially providing maximum downlink bit rate of 128M bits/sec when using 256-QAM, as shown in Figure 7. The NR frame format can use much higher bandwidths of 1.28 GHz for the TDD mmWave channel operating in 60 GHz unlicensed spectrum thereby providing uplink and downlink bit rates ranging up to 8.192G bits/sec depending on the TDD frame type, as shown in Figure 7.

MISO diversity is used in the downlink where the same data to be transmitted from different mmWave antennas / VLC LEDs by the RRLHs at the same time, thereby increasing reliability. In effect this creates a manmade multipath environment where if one or more of the light or mmWave paths is occluded then there is always the availability of the other paths to ensure continued communications, as shown in Figure 8.

Sub Carrier Spacing (KHz)OFDM Symbol Duration (ms)

Radio Frame Duration (ms)Basic Time Unit(ns) = OFDM Symbol Duration / (15000*2048) N

RB

= 6N

RB

= 15N

RB

= 25N

RB

= 50N

RB

= 75

N

RB

= 100

Channel Bandwidth (MHz )

3.7526740130.2080.1750.3750.6251.251.8750.257.51332065.1040.71.52.557.5101566.71032.5521.4351015 20 3033.3516.2762.86102030406016.72.58.1385.612204060801208.331.254.06911.22440801201602404.170.6252.034522.448801602403204802.080.31251.0172544.8961603204806409601.040.156250.5086389.61923206409601280

Figure 6: 5G NR Frame Formats and Channel Bandwidths

(red: up to 20MHZ BW, red & blue up to 100MHz BW, red, blue & green up to 200 MHz BW)

Bitrate (Mbits/second)

OFDM Symbol Duration

(ms)

QAM Order

N

RB

= 6N

RB

= 15N

RB

= 25N

RB

= 50N

RB

= 75

N

RB

=

100

267

256-QAM

1.924.88162432

133

256-QAM

3.849.616324864

66.7

256-QAM

7.6819.2326496128

33.3

256-QAM15.3638.464128192

256

16.7

256-QAM30.7276.8128256384512

8.33

256-QAM61.44153.62565127681024

4.17

256-QAM122.88307.2512102415362048

2.08

256-QAM245.76614.41024204830724096

1.04

256-QAM491.521228.82048409661448192

Figure 7: Bitrates at 256-QAM for different symbol durations and No of Resource blocks

SIMO diversity will be used in the uplink where the same data is received by different mmWave antennas at the RRLHs and maximum ratio combined higher up in the layered protocol thereby increasing reliability.

✗✗✓✓✓✓

RRLHs

Figure 8: Downlink MISO and Uplink SIMO Diversity

In the case when all the paths are occluded, for example when someone conceals the Photo Diode (PD) receiver and mmWave antenna at the UE, then Multi Source (MS) streaming [9] is used to ensure that there is always the availability of another low capacity WLAN path for continued communications and continued synchronization with the streaming audio/video, as shown in Figure 9. The Deep Packet Inspection NFV function is used at Intelligent HIPG to identify video streams and video transcoding is used to generate a lower quality MS Stream for the WLAN path to the UE, whereas the original higher quality SHDTV stream is transmitted by the broadband radio-light network.

✗✗✗✗✗✗

RRLHsWLAN

✓

Figure 9: Multi Source Streaming to ensure connectivity

A Software Defined Network (SDN) forwarding device in the Intelligent HIPG is used to route these higher and lower quality video streams to RRLHs and WLAN. At the UE each of these streams is aggregatable with each other to produce a video signal of better quality.

The Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) and Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ) of the outside radio network and the home radio-light network could be measured by the UE and reported to the LTE’s Mobility Management Entity (MME) to initiate a conventional inter (outside and building) network handover procedure.

✓✓✓✓✓✓✗✗✗✗✗✗

Figure 10: MS Streaming Intra Building Handover

Intra building handover between rooms or floors of a home network could be performed at the MS Streaming application since its layer content consumption scheduler handles stream synchronization from multiple paths and multiple sources transmitted from different part of the property. Alternatively a SDN level handover could be performed between SDN-FDs serving 5G Layer 3 and Layer 2 processors serving RRLH Controllers.

(a) Integral with LED Housing

(b) Separate from LED Housing

Figure 11: Museum Spot Light Designs

The redesign of the museum spot light, which is required to include VLC and mmWave electronics and transmit antenna with wave guide, can either be integral or separate from the light housing. Integral soultion is easier to install whereas the separate solution is more adaptable for application to lights with different form factors.

The positioning system consist of two parts: VLC-based positioning system and mmWaves-based positioning system. A high positioning accuracy, which is less than 10cm, could be provided by combining both techiques.

The positioning system based on VLC uses visible light signals for determining the positioning of target where the signals are transmitted by RRLH lamps (e.g. LEDs) and received by light sensors (e.g. photodiode (PD) or camera), on the target UE as shown in Figure 11.

Eight reference amplitude sub-carriers from the Transport Block (TB) are dedicated to be sent by each of the eight lights in a MISO group. The received signal strength (RSS) at the UE PDs is proportional to the distance travelled from each of the light and can be used to estimate position from at least three distance measurements. Once the target is located, the positioning information will be sent back to RRLH.

RRLH

f1f2f3

Rx

d1d2

PD

OFDM decoderTrilaterationAlgorithmPosition of Rx

d3

LED Lights on Ceiling

LED2LED3LED1

f1f2f3

Reserved for data transmission

f

f1f2f3

Reserved for data transmission

f

f1f2f3

Reserved for data transmission

f

Transmit LED 1Transmit LED 2Transmit LED 3

f1f2f3

Reserved for data transmission

f

Receive PD

Amplitudes proportionalto distance

(a) General scenario for VLC IPS

(b) Reference amplitude sub-carriers

Figure 12: VLC Positioning System

VLC-IPS can be installed inexpensively since they utilize existing illumination systems with few modifications. It can be used in RF-inappropriate environments, like hospitals, underground mines and gas stations. Another advantage of VLC-IPS is that there is less effect of multipath on visible light than on RF signal [10], so the position estimation could be more accurate.

The positioning system based on mmWaves uses electromagnetic waves to determine the location of UEs. In contrast to the VLC based localization, the mmWave target is intended to be a transmitter in our IORL architecture. Multiple lamps (RRLH) located at a priori known positions receive its transmitted signal. The RRLH controller estimates location relevant signal parameters such as the round trip time of arrival, or the received signal strength. These estimates are communicated to the central unit, which calculates locations of UEs. The mmWave based localization can benefit from the large absolute bandwidth of license free frequency bands. The majority of mmWave frequency bands that are deregulated by FCC for 5G communication systems such as 37-38.6 GHz, 38.6-40 or 64-71 GHz have an absolute bandwidth covering couple of GHz. The FCC/ECC license free 60GHz WLAN ISM band (57-66GHz) and the related standard 802.11ay exploit an absolute bandwidth even much larger. It can simultaneously span 8 GHz. Such frequency bands can provide excellent time resolution which may result in sub-decimeter localization accuracy. This accuracy corresponds to the vision suggested for 5G networks [11], [12] and clearly outperforms accuracy of the commercial global navigation satellite system with its outdoor accuracy of about 5 meters, or the accuracy of indoor wireless local area network fingerprinting techniques which is about 3–4 meters [12].

The above mentioned positioning system can be also utilized to increase overall network security for the previously mentioned Denial of Service (DoS) attacks on the museum networking IoRL infrastructure. Using this functionality it is possible to not only to detect but also precisely locate hostile devices launching such attacks. Therefore such a security approach can help museum security staff to quite precisely identify potential attackers as well as to efficiently remove rouge devices.

Apart from that it must be emphasized that currently every newly designed system should follow “security by design” principle. This means that the dedicated security mechanisms and solutions should be designed and developed during the architecture creation phase. Moreover, the continuous cyber security threats assessment should be performed during the consecutive steps of IoRL systems implementation and deployment. Taking advantage also from the experiences of the previous 5G PPP Phase 1 projects and the security framework they proposed (e.g. within the 5G PPP Phase 1 Security Landscape [13] document) IoRL will be equipped (among others) with security monitoring & management functions, which will be able to efficiently detect cyber security-related incidents and react accordingly to them in a near real-time manner. The developed system will rely on the SDN (Software Defined Networking) and NFV (Network Function Virtualisation).

In summary, all the threats which will be identified based on the thorough analysis of the proposed IoRL architecture will be first addressed during the design phase and then continuously assessed during the implementation and deployment ones. Therefore cyber security will be an important part of the overall IoRL system architecture.

Conclusions

A 5G Radio-Light system has been described that is so flexible that it can be easily expanded if required to support museum properties that vary in size from medium to large and that can provide sufficiently large bandwidth to support very large number of visitors in a building using broadband services. The architecture is sufficiently flexible to support the different dynamics of the changing identity of occupants and their varying duration of occupancy. It operates in unlicensed spectrum so that there are no restrictions to deploying it (i.e. does not require the permission of MNOs). The architecture that is so simple and similar to the electric light circuit in properties that it is expected that the ordinary electrician can install it in a large number of properties. An appealing set of example use cases are presented of the type of broadband services that can be provided in Museums using IoRL technology.

Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the EU Horizon 2020 program towards the Internet of Radio-Light project H2020-ICT 761992.

References

[1] John Cosmas, Yue Zhang, Xun Zhang, “Internet of Radio-Light: 5G Broadband in Buildings,” European Wireless 2017, Dresden, Germany, 17th – 19th May 2017.

[2] “Musée Français de la Carte à Jouer”, http://www.museecarteajouer.com/

[3] De Gruyter Saur, “Museums of the World” De Gruyter Press, 21st edition, 2014.

[4] Museums Association “Frequently Asked Questions about Museums” http://www.museumsassociation.org/about/frequently-asked-questions?utm_source=ma&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=10082016

[5] French Moments “Top 10 Most Visited Museums in France”, https://frenchmoments.eu/top-10-most-visited-museums-in-france/.

[6] Trip Advisor “Review of British Museum” https://www.tripadvisor.co.uk/ShowUserReviews-g186338-d187555-r493758369-British_Museum-London_England.html

[7] J. Bartelt, N. Vucic, D. Camps-Mur, E. Garcia-Villegas, I. Demirkol, A. Fehske, M. Grieger, A. Tzanakaki, J. Gutiérrez, E. Grass, G. Lyberopoulos and G. Fettweis “5G transport network requirements for the next generation fronthaul interface” EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking (2017) 2017:89, DOI 10.1186/s13638-017-0874-7

[8] Reiner Stuhlfauth “The road to 5G LTE-A evolution, Internet of Things and first 5G aspects”, ROHDE & SCHWARZ GmbH Workshop, Royal Berkshire Conference Centre, Reading, 12th November 2016.

[9] J. Bruneau-Queyreix, M. Lacaud, D. Negru, J. Batalla, and E. Borcoci, "MS-Stream: A Multiple-Source Adaptive Streaming Solution Enhancing Consumers Perceived Quality," in IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference (CCNC) - Best Demo award, 2017.

[10] Wenbo Ding and Fang Yang and Hui Yang and Jintao Wang and Xiaofei Wang and Xun Zhang and Jian Song. A hybrid power line and visible light communication system for indoor hospital applications, Computers in Industry, Vol: 68, pages: 170-178, 2015.

[11] R.E. Hattachi, J. Erfanian, 5g white paper, Next Generation Mobile Networks Alliance, 2015

[12] P Zhang, J Lu, Y Wang, Q Wang, „Cooperative localization in 5G networks: A survey“,ICT Express, Volume 3, Issue 1, March 2017, Pages 27-32

[13] P. Bisson, J. Waryet, al, " 5G PPP Phase1 Security Landscape", 5G PPP Security Group White Paper, 9 Ju

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