pak india subcontinent

8/13/2019 pak india subcontinent

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Indian subcontinent

The Indian subcontinent is a large sectionof Asian continent consisting of countries

lying on tetonic plate.

These include countries on the crustIndia,Pakistan,Bangladesh,Nepal,Maldives,

Bhutan and Srilanka.


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Entrance of British in India

the British who had come to india astraders began to indulge in political affairsof the country.

They acquired revenue control in Bengaland very soon established their hold onpolitical matters.

They feel that Muslim were there mainhurdle so they win confidence of Hindusagainst Muslims.


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War of independence of 1857

The war of independence ended in disaster andestablishment of British rule all over the India.

The Mughal Emperor was imprisoned with his

family. The Muslims who had proud history of glorious

fell from their position as downgrade community.

Now Hindus settle their account against Muslims

along with British.


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All India congress

All India Congress established in 1885.

Congress demanded the western type of

democracy with establishes the majority rule.

Also demanded all appointments on higher civilpositions be made on competitive examinations.

These demands are very innocent and

democratic but were in fact aimed at the totalelimination of Muslims from all walks of life.


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About All India Congress It is major political party of India created by

A.O.Humes,Dadabhai Naoroji and Dinshaw EduljiWacha in 1885.

Womesh Chandra Bonerjee was the firstpresident of INC.

The first session was held from 28-31 December1885 and was attended by 72 delegates.

The 1929 session of Lahore was significance ofcomplete independent as the goal of INC.

At the time of quit India movement it was verystrong party but could claim to be therepresentative of the Indian people.


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Muslim Reaction

The Muslims were great disappointed to see

cruel policy of both Hindus and British and

working against their (Muslims) interest.

They were not prepared to see their downfall asa nation.

They launched many movements under dynamic

and dauntless leaders like Hazrat Mujahid Alf

Sani,Hazrat Shah Wali Ullah and sir Syed

Ahmed Khan etc.


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Demand of separate Electorate

The cruel behavior and humiliated

treatment of Hindus and British developed

feelings of unrest and suspicion among

Muslims.

Muslims therefore safeguard their future

demanded the system of separate

electorate .


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All India Muslim LEAGUE

The All India Muslim League was

established on 1906.

It was the first party consisting on Muslims

of India.

This party infused new spirit among the

Muslims who now struggle for

independence.


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Important role of Muslim League.

This league grab the Muslims under one

banner.

The league just work for the preservations

of Muslim's rights and their identity.

Worked for separate but an Islamic state.

First Muslim's (of India) party against theHindus and British bad policies.


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Services of Quaid-i-Azam

In 1896, Jinnah joined the Indian National Congress, whichwas the largest Indian political organization.

On January 25, 1910, Jinnah became a member on the sixty-member Imperial Legislative Council. The council had no real

power or authority, and included a large number of un-elected pro-Raj loyalists and Europeans.

Jinnah had initially avoided joining the All India MuslimLeague, founded in 1906, regarding it as too communal.Eventually, he joined the league in 1913 and became the

president at the 1916 session in Luckhnow Jinnah was the architect of the 1916 Lucknow Pact between

the Congress and the League, bringing them together onmost issues regarding self-government and presenting a

united front to the British.


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Leader of the Muslim League

In 1934 Jinnah returned 4rm Europe (when

Prominent Muslim leaders like the Aga Khan,

Choudhary Rahmat Ali and Sir Muhammad Iqbal

convinced him) and began to re-organize the party,being closely assisted by Liaquat Ali Khan.

Jinnah founded Dawn in 1941a major newspaper

that helped him propagate the League's point of

views.

By 1920, Jinnah resigned from the Congress,

warning that Gandhi's method of mass struggle

would lead to divisions between Hindus andMuslims and within the two communities


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1. Federal System

2. Provincial Autonomy

3.Represention of Minorities

4.Number of Muslim Representatives

5. Separate Electorates

6. Muslim Majority Provinces

7. Religious Liberty

8. Three-Fourth Representation

9. Separation of Sind

10. Introduction of Reforms in N.W.F.P andBaluchistan

11. Government Services

12. Protection of Muslims culture and Language

13. One - Third Muslim Ministers

Jinnahs Fourteen Points 1929


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Importance of Jinnahs Fourteen Points

A comparison of the Nehru Report with the Quaid-e-

Azams

Fourteen points shows that the political gap between theMuslims and the Hindus had really widened. Fourteen points ofQuaid-e-Azam became principles for Muslims of India. Thesepoints made it clear to Hindus and British Government that

Muslims wanted their own identity without influence by Hindus.Fourteen points not only revived Muslim League but alsodirected them on a new way. These points prepared theMuslims of India for a bold step to struggle for freedom.

The importance of these points can be judged by the fact that

these points were presented in the Round Table Conference of1930.

As a result, these points became the demands of the Muslimsand greatly influenced the Muslims thinking for the next twodecades till the establishment of Pakistan in 1947.


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SERVICES OF SIR SYED AHMAD KHAN


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SCHOLARLY WORK

Sir Syed focused on wr itingon various subjects, mainlyin Urdu

I n 1842 he published thebook ASAR-E-

SANADED

In 1842 completed Jila-ul-

Qulub bi Zikr il Mahbuband the Tuhfa-i-Hasan

Second edition of ASAR-E-SANADED in 1854

Booklet Asbab-e-

Bhaghawath-e-H ind in1859


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MUSLIMREFORMER

Through the 1850s,

developed a strong passion

for education

Mudrasa in M uradabad in1859

Relief for the famine-struck

people of the Northwest

F rontier province in 1860 school in Ghazipur in 1863.

Scienti f ic socety of Ali ghar

Muhammedan Anglo-

Oriental College in 1875


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ADVOCACY OF URDU

H indi-Urdu controvercy of

1867

Promoted the use of Urdu

through his own writings

Scienti f ic Society translated

Western works only into

Urdu


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FOUNDING ALIGARH

Tahzib al-Akhlaq to spread

awareness and knowledge onmodern subjects

Established a modern school in

Aligarh

Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental

College on may 24,1875 I nsti tution attracted a large

student body

transferred to the Allahabad

University in 1885


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SUMMARY

So sir syed was a great

poli tician and leader.

He was the 1stone who

intro. 2 nation theory 4Muslims

Through their work forced

Muslims to take education

We wil l always remembertheir services
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Role of Allama Iqbal:

Allahabad Address [1930]:

Allama Muhammad Iqbal gave the most lucid explanation ofthe inner feelings of Muslim community in his presidentialaddress to the All India Muslim League at Allahabad in1930.

In his address, Allama Iqbal explained that Islam was themajor formative factor in the life history of Indian Muslims.

He defined the Muslims of India as a nation and suggestedthat there could be no possibility of peace in the countryunless and until they were recognized as a nation.

. He claimed that the only way for the Muslims and Hindusto prosper in accordance with their respective culturalvalues was under a federal system where Muslim majorityunits were given the same privileges that were to be given

to the Hindu majority units.
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Chaudri Rehmat Ali:

The name Chaudri Rehmat Ali will always go inhistory for the services which he rendered to thecause of the Muslims of India. He said that Indianfederation was not suitable to the Indian Muslimsand Muslims were a separate nation in hisfamous article, Now or Never.

He suggested name of Pakistanfor the newMuslim state. He coined the word Pakistan inwhich Pstand for Punjab, Afor Afghan(NWFP),KFor Kashmir'sFor SindhAnd Tan ForBalochistan.The word Pakistanitself means theLand of Pure.
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Role of Ulemas in Pakistan Movement

Allama Shabbir Ahmed Usmani

Pir Jama'at Ali Shah(Aligarh University)

Khawaja Hasan Nizami (1945 elections)

Mian Ghulam Ullah Sharaqpuri,

Pir Ghulam Mohyuddin Golravi,

Allama Allauddin Siddiqui,
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The birth of Pakistan: The British Parliament passed the Indian Independence Act on

July 18, 1947. The Muslims faced a gamut of problems immediately after

independence. However, keeping true to their traditions, theyovercame them after a while. Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad AliJinnah was appointed the first Governor General of Pakistanand Liaquat Ali Khan became its first Prime Minister.

The boundaries of Pakistan emerged on the map of the world in1947. This was accomplished on the basis of the Two-NationTheory.

Thus these historical, cultural, religious and social differencesbetween the two nations accelerated the pace of politicaldevelopments, finally leading to the division of British India intotwo separate, independent states, Pakistan and India, on

August 14 & 15, 1947, respectively.
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