Ontwerpsoftware voor Windenergietoepassingen · 22 14-4-2011 0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 r/R....

Ontwerpsoftware voor Windenergietoepassingen

CWI in Bedrijf: “Energy, Mathematics & Computer Science”,

11 november 2011, in Amsterdam. P.J. Eecen

ECN-M--11-046 April 2011

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CWI, 11 november 2010

Ontwerpsoftware voor windenergietoepassingen

Peter Eecen

www.ecn.nl

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Outline

• Introduction to ECN

• Introduction to Wind Energy

• Examples of research activities- Rotor aerodynamics – dedicated codes- Wind farm aerodynamics CFD developments

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- Rotor aerodynamics – Ansys CFX

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Petten: Energy research capital of Europe

JRC-IE (275)

ECN (680)

NRG (340)COVIDIEN (290)

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ECN: Mission

Universities IndustryProduct

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Mission: ECN develops and brings to market high-quality knowledge and technology for a sustainable energy system

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ECN: Trias energetica

Solar Energy Wind EnergyBiomass

P li St diH2 & ClEffi i &

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Policy StudiesH2 & Clean Fossil Fuels

Efficiency & Infrastructure

Engineering & Services

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Why Wind Energy ?

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Why Wind Energy ?

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And……….

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….because wind energy is beautiful….because wind energy is beautiful

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The Facts

Global cumulative installed capacity

Global annual installed capacity

From: GWEC –Global Wind 2009 Report

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The Facts

From: GWEC – Global Wind 2009 Report

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The Facts

• New installed capacity and de-commissioned capacity in EU p y2009 in MW.

• Total 25,963 MW

From: Wind Energy FactsheetsBy the European Wind Energy

Association – 2010www.ewea.org

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The Facts – employment

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Wind Energy Factsheets By the European Wind Energy Association – 2010, www.ewea.org

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Size evolution of wind turbines over time

In 25 years wind energy technology has developed enormously. With more R&D investment it caninvestment it can continue to become even more efficient and high performing.

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From: Wind Energy FactsheetsBy the European Wind Energy Association – 2010www.ewea.org

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Blade sizes of today (61.5 m)

Sheet from Gijs van Kuik

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Research Programme

• Rotor- and Farm Aerodynamics• Integrated Wind Turbine Design (software)

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g g ( )• Operation & Maintenance (Condition monitoring / O&M Tool)• Material research (WMC)

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Research line: Rotor & Farm Aerodynamics

Rotor aerodynamics• Theoretical and experimental research• Use of CFD • Development of industrial codes

Wind farm aerodynamicsWind farm aerodynamics• Theoretical modelling• Use of CFD• Experiments (wind tunnels, scaled wind farm, full scale)New ideas• Strip on blade root• Strip on blade root• Wind Farm control strategies• Synthetic jets

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Research infrastructure

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The ECN AWSM code

• Numerical code based on the Generalized Prandtl’s Lifting Vortex Line Methodg

Able to include:• Analysis of multi-body configurations• General-shape geometries

AWSM developed by: Arne van GarrelExtended and used by: Francesco Grasso

• Steady and unsteady analysis• Yaw, pitch misalignments• Non uniform wind conditions (local gusts and wind

shear)

Coupled to ECN AeromoduleCoupled to ECN Aeromodule

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Arne van Garrel: Development of a wind turbine aerodynamics simulations tool, ECN report

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Shear EffectGround Effect

Work by: Arne van GarrelFrancesco Grasso

Uniform windNo ground

Wind shearGround

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Non conventional configurationsWinglets

i l t i l t


0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12

0.14

Cl

winglet no winglet

0

0.02

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2

2y/b

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

circ

ulat

ion

no winglet winglet

-0.5

0

0.5

1

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2

r/R

c

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Non conventional configurations


Swept blades

NREL Phase VI Turbine

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

Cl

no sweep sweep

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0.1

0.2

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

r/R

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ROTORFLOW - development• Engineering tools: not accurate enough

Work by: Hüseyin ÖzdemirArne van GarrelHenny Bijleveld

Engineering tools: not accurate enoughBlade Element Momentum (BEM), Vortex line

method (AWSM), XFOIL, RFOIL

• CFD tools (CFX): too expensive, too much time- Several weeks on cluster

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Development of RotorFlow codeWork by: Hüseyin Özdemir

Arne van GarrelHenny Bijleveld

• Boundary Layer:- Integral boundary layer method (IBL)

• Potential outer layer: 3D- Panel method

• Viscous – Inviscid Interaction (VII):- Strong quasi-simultaneous interaction scheme

2D

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boundary layerouter non-viscous flow

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RotorFlow VII: Quasi-simultaneous interaction

E

University of Groningen

��

��u i

e

v

inviscid flow

viscous flowu

interaction

E

I+V

ueδ*

• Combines advantages of direct and simultaneous method• Interaction law (I): approximation of inviscid flow (E)

solved together with the boundary layer equations (V)

e

i

inviscid flow

solved together with the boundary-layer equations (V)• Interaction law is an algebraic equation

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Preliminary results

Work by: Hüseyin ÖzdemirArne van GarrelHenny Bijleveld

Turbulent flow over a flat plate, Re=1e72nd order DG

Panel code: lifting wing

2nd order DG

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Flow over dented plate: Re = 11.5 106

Separation in middle of the dent

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Development of a wind farm CFD codeWork by: Benjamin Sanderse

Physical phenomenon

Numerical model

Wake model Energy conserving discretizationand Largeand Large Eddy Simulation

Turbine model Actuator method

Atmospheric inflow

Precursor simulation

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inflow simulationTerrain Immersed

boundary method

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Energy conserving discretization of fluid flow

Work by: Benjamin Sanderse

• Wakes are important to wind farm aerodynamics• Dissipation must be limited to ‘keep’ the wakes

Code to be developed is dedicated to task- Energy conserving discretization- LES approach- actuator method- Atmospheric inflow: Precursor simulation

Terrain by immersed boundary method

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- Terrain by immersed boundary method

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Wind farm aerodynamics CFD code• Development CFD tool requires work in many areas:Development CFD tool requires work in many areas:

- Suitable discretization schemes- Turbulence models- Terrain modeling- Actuator modeling

At h i t b l t i fl li ith l d l• Atmospheric turbulent inflow, coupling with mesoscale model

To answer simple questions:Optimum distance between turbinesOptimum wind farm lay-outInfluence of wind farm on local climateAssessment of control strategies

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Assessment of control strategiesFarm-Farm interactionDesign specifications (mechanical loads in farm)

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Use of commercial software Ansys-CFXAnalyses of 2D configurations

Work by: Marc van Raalte

Reference airfoil

NACA 642418

C-grid O-grid

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Use of commercial software Ansys-CFXAnalyses of 3D rotating configurations

Work by: Marc van Raalte

•First cell thickness : 1mm

• MEXICO rotor – mesh setup

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Visualisations – Ansys-CFX resultsWork by: Marc van Raalte

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Wind Energy contributes to CO2 - reduction ambitions.

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QUESTIONS?

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