ONDERWIJS EN JEUGDWERKLOOSHEID

Dirk Van Damme, Head of the Innovation and Measuring Progress Division, Directorate for Education and Skills, OECD

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Austria

Belgium

Denmark

France

Germany

Greece

Hungary

Ireland

Italy

Netherlands

Portugal

Spain

Sweden

Switzerland

United Kingdom

OECD-Total

Youth unemployment rate (as % of youth

labour force), 15-24 year-olds

2

3

Inactivity among very young youth Percentage of 15-19 year-old NEET (2011)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

Un

ited

Kin

gdo

m

No

rway

Spai

n

Ital

y

OEC

D a

vera

ge

Po

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gal

Au

stri

a

Irel

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Swit

zerl

and

Ko

rea

Den

mar

k

Net

her

lan

ds

Swed

en

Gre

ece

Fran

ce

Be

lgiu

m

Esto

nia

Icel

and

Fin

lan

d

Slo

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Rep

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Ger

man

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Hu

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Luxe

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rg

%

Not in education and unemployed

Not in education and not in the labour force

Not in education (Total)

• Of 15-29 year-olds are

– 47% in education

– 53% not in education

• 39.1% employed

• 13.9% not in employment

– 7.8% not in the labour force

– 6.1% unemployed

» 2.9% more than 6 months

» 3.2% less than 6 months

4

Some key data for Belgium (2011-2012)

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 1: MAKE SURE ALL YOUTH

HAVE A BASIC QUALIFICATION

5

Employment rate by educational attainment,

2005-11, 25-34 year-olds

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Belgium below upper sec Belgium upper secondary Belgium tertiary

OECD av below secondary OECD av upper secondary OECD av tertiary

EU21 av below upper secondary EU21 av upper secondary EU21 av tertiary

25-34 year-olds

6

Employment rate by educational attainment,

2005-11, 45-54 year-olds

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Belgium below upper sec Belgium upper secondary Belgium tertiary

OECD av below secondary OECD av upper secondary OECD av tertiary

EU21 av below upper secondary EU21 av upper secondary EU21 av tertiary

45-54 year-olds

7

Employment rate gap for 25-34 y-olds with

less than upper sec, 2005-11

n

5

10

15

20

25

30

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Belgium difference in employment rates upper sec minus below secondary

OECD difference in employment rates upper sec minus below secondary

EU21 difference in employment rates upper sec minus below secondary

25-34 year-olds

8

9

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 2: ENSURE HIGHER LEVELS

OF TERTIARY ATTAINMENT

10

Evolution of employment in occupational

groups defined by level of education

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

Occupations with high educated workers

Occupations with medium educated workers

Occupations with low-educated workers

Percent Percentage change in the share of employment relative to 1998, by occupational groups defined by workers’ average level of education

11

12

Tertiary attainment rate (2011)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Irel

and

Un

ited

Kin

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No

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Luxe

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Fran

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Swed

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Be

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and

Net

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Fin

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Icel

and

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Spai

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Esto

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OEC

D a

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Den

mar

k

Slo

ven

ia

Gre

ece

Hu

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Ger

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Po

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Slo

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Rep

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Cze

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Au

stri

a

Ital

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25-34 year-olds 25-64 year-olds%

Annual growth rate in tertiary educational

attainment rate (1998-2008)

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Irel

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Turk

ey

Spai

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Po

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Ko

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Icel

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New

Zea

lan

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Au

stra

lia

Swit

zerl

and

OEC

D a

vera

ge

Cze

ch R

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Hu

nga

ry

Gre

ece

Mex

ico

Can

ada

Un

ited

Kin

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Fran

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Au

stri

a

Den

mar

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Jap

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Net

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Be

lgiu

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Un

ited

Sta

tes

Fin

lan

d

Overall population growth Attainment rate growth%

Risk of over-qualification? Percentage of workers whose highest qualification is higher than the

qualification they deem necessary to get their job today (PIAAC, 2011)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Jap

an

Engl

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/N.…

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Can

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Ger

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Spai

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Un

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Sta

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Swed

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Den

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Rep

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Fin

lan

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Po

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Flan

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Net

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14

01

23

4

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Swed

en

Spai

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Slo

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Re

pu

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Po

lan

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No

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Net

her

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Irel

and

Ger

man

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Flan

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Fin

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Engl

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(U

K)

Den

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stri

a

16-24 year olds 45-54 year olds

Flemish youth is not more or less

overqualified than older workers

Adjusted odds ratio showing the likelihood of over-qualification by age group

15

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 3: PROVIDE HIGHER QUALITY

AND MORE RELEVANT EDUCATIONAL TRAJECTORIES

16

General Vocational Total General Vocational Total

25-34 35-44

Belgium 69.24 83.01 79.44 80.31 85.38 84.12

Netherlands 75.98 88.13 85.75 83.24 87.29 86.33

Germany 53.25 84.27 80.33 73.35 85.89 85.65

France 75.15 79.17 77.87 83.19 85.29 84.70

OECD average 69.03 79.18 75.57 78.28 83.57 81.23

EU21 average 67.79 78.17 76.28 78.45 83.03 82.41

Employment rate 25-34 & 35-44 years-old, upper

secondary attainment, by programme orientation

17

Hungary

Poland

Sweden

Austria

France Estonia

Turkey

New Zealand

Finland

Czech Republic

Luxembourg

Netherlands

Slovak Republic

Switzerland

Germany

n

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

65 70 75 80 85 90

Pe

rce

nta

ge o

f 2

5-3

4 y

ear

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at h

ave

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an

up

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ET q

ual

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s h

igh

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leve

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uca

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Employment rates for 25-34 year-olds with upper secondary VET qualifications

Countries where expenditure in VET programmes is above the OECD average Countries where expenditure in VET programmes is below the OECD average

%

%

OEC

D ave

rage

OECD average

18

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 4: VALUE SKILLS MORE THAN

QUALIFICATIONS

19

Youth unemployment and skills are linked

Australia

Austria

Belgium

Canada

Czech Republic

Denmark

Estonia

Finland

France

Germany

Germany

Italy

Japan

Korea Netherlands

Norway

Poland

Japan

Spain

Sweden

United Kingdom

United States

Average

255

260

265

270

275

280

285

290

295

300

305

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Lite

racy

pro

fici

en

cy 1

6-2

4 y

ear

-old

s (P

IAA

C)

(20

11

)

Youth unemployment rate 15-24 year-olds (2012) 20

Percentage workers in high-skilled and

unskilled jobs

30

20

10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Au

stri

a

Ital

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Cze

ch R

epu

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Slo

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Rep

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Jap

an

Ger

man

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Engl

and

/N. I

rela

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(U

K)

Au

stra

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Po

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Ave

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Un

ited

Sta

tes

Net

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Spai

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Swed

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No

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Den

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Ko

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Can

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Fin

lan

d

Flan

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)

Primary education or less Tertiary education or more

21

Likelihood of positive social and economic

outcomes among highly literate adults

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

Good toexcellent

health

BeingEmployed

High levels oftrust

Participation involunteeractivities

High levels ofpoliticalefficacy

High wages

Average Germany England (UK) Flanders (Belgium)

(scoring at Level 4/5 compared with those scoring at Level 1 or below)

Odds ratio

22

23

Level 2

240

250

260

270

280

290

300

310

15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65

24

Young age is critical in skills

development

Age

Literacy unadjusted

Numeracy unadjusted

Numeracy adjusted

Literacy adjusted

Dank!

dirk.vandamme@oecd.org www.oecd.org/edu/ceri

twitter @VanDammeEDU

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