njhopDl;gtpay; ghlj;Jiw - doenets.lkgtpay; ghlj;Jiw 2015Mk; Mz;by; eilngwTs;s f.ngh.j. (c.ju)g;...

2015Mk; Mz;by; eilngwTs;s f.ngh.j. (c.ju) nra;Kiwg; guPl;irf;fhd nra;Kiwfs; mlq;fpa gl;bay;

- 1 -


- 1 -

njhopDl;gtpay; ghlj;Jiw

2015Mk; Mz;by; eilngwTs;s f.ngh.j. (c.ju)g;

nra;Kiwg; guPl;irf;fhd

nra;Kiwfs; mlq;fpa gl;bay;

65 - nghwpapaw; njhopDl;gtpay;

66 - capu;Kiwikfs; njhopDl;gtpay;

CurriculumAssessment

&Evaluation

Teaching LearningN E T SMa;T mgptpUj;jpf; fpis

Njrpa kjpg;gPl;Lf;Fkhd guPl;rpj;jYf;Fkhd Nrit

,yq;fifg; guPl;irj; jpizf;fsk;


- 2 -

mwpKfk;

fy;tpg; nghJj; juhjug;gj;jpu cau;ju njhopDl;gtpaw; ghlj;Jiwiar; Nru;e;j nghwpapy;;>

capu;Kiwikfs; njhopDl;gtpay; Mfpa ghlq;fSf;Fupa nra;Kiwr; Nrhjidfs; ,yq;ifg; guPl;irfs;

jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; epakpf;fg;gLk; nra;Kiwr; Nrhjidf; FOf;fshy; elj;jg;glTs;sd.

njhopDl;gtpay; ghlj;Jiwiaf; fw;gpf;Fk; ghlrhiyfSf;F> nra;Kiwr; Nrhjidfs; elj;Jtjw;Fj;

Njitahd Ma;T$l trjpfs;> cgfuzq;fs; kw;Wk; nghUs;fs; toq;Fk; gzpia vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l kl;lj;jpy;

G+u;j;jp nra;a Kbahkw; NghAs;sikahy;> mg;ghlj;jpl;lq;fspy; mlq;fpAs;s nra;Kiwr; Nrhjidfs;

vy;yhtw;iwAk; ghlrhiy kl;lj;jpy; nra;tjpy; ,lu;ghLfs; Njhd;wpAs;sd.

mjw;fika f.ngh.j. (cau;juk;) 2015 Mk; Mz;Lg; guPl;irapy; nghwpapaw; njhopDl;gtpay;>

capu;Kiwikfs; njhopDl;gtpay; Mfpa ghlq;fSf;fhfg; gpd;tUkhW nra;Kiwr; Nrhjidfs;

elj;jg;gLk;.

(1) Nkw;gb ghlq;fSf;fhf cupa nra;Kiwr; Nrhjidfis elj;Jk;NghJ> ,q;F jug;gl;Ls;s

gf;fk; 1 njhlf;fk; 6 tiuahd gl;baypy; mlq;fpAs;s nra;Kiwr; nraw;ghLfs; khj;jpuNk

mbg;gilahff; nfhs;sg;gLk;.

NkYk; 2016 Mk; Mz;bYk; mjd; gpd;dUk; elj;jg;gLk; f.ngh.j. (cau;ju)g; guPl;irfspy;

nra;Kiwr; Nrhjidfis elj;Jk;NghJ ghlj;jpl;lj;jpy; mlq;fpAs;s vy;yhr; nra;Kiwr;

nraw;ghLfSk; mbg;gilahff; nfhs;sg;gLkhjyhy;> mJ Fwpj;J rfy khztu;fisAk;

mwpT+l;ly; nra;jy; Ntz;Lk; vd;gij typAWj;jpf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;Nwd;.

(2) 2015 Mk; Mz;by; elj;jg;gLk; f.ngh.j. (cau;ju) guPl;irapd; ngWNgw;Wfisj; jPu;khdpf;Fk;NghJ

,g;ghlq;fspd; ,Wjpg;Gs;spfs;

✶ vOj;Jg; guPl;irf;F 85% ✶ nra;Kiw Nrhjidf;F 15% vd;wthW mikAk;.

(3) 2015 Mk; Mz;bYk; mjd; gpd;dUk;> elj;jg;gLk; f.ngh.j. (cau;ju) guPl;irapd;NghJ

,g;ghlq;fSf;fhd tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; nra;Kiwr; NrhjidfSk; ,q;F jug;gl;Ls;s

guPl;irj; jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; jahupf;fg;gl;Ls;s 'f.ngh.j. (cau;juk;) 2015 Mk; Mz;bYk;

mjd; gpd;dUk; elj;jg;gLk; guPl;irfSf;Fupa tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gk; khjpup tpdhf;fSk; -

njhopDl;gtpay; ghlj;Jiw" vDk; Gj;jfj;jpy; cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;s tpdhj;jhs; fl;likg;Gf;Fk;

nra;Kiwr; Nrhjidf;Fk; mikaNt jahupf;fg;gLk;.

(4) ,g;ghlq;fSf;Fj; Njhw;Wk; rfy guPl;rhu;j;jpfSk; ,g;guPl;irapd; vOj;Jg;guPl;ir> nra;Kiwr;

Nrhjid Mfpa ,uz;L gFjpfSf;Fk; Njhw;WjyhdJ ,Wjpg;Gs;spiaj; jPu;khdpg;gNjhL

mj;jpatrpakhd xU NjitahFk;. vOj;Jg;guPl;ir> nra;Kiwr; Nrhjid Mfpa ,uz;L

gFjpfSf;FNkh xU gFjpf;Nfh Njhw;whj guPl;rhu;j;jpfs; 'tUif juhj (Absent)" guPl;rhu;j;jpfshff; fUjp ngWNgW jPu;khdpf;fg;gLk;. vdNt> vOj;Jg; guPl;irf;F Njhw;wj;

jtWk; guPl;rhu;j;jpfs; nra;Kiwr; Nrhjidf;Fj; Njhw;WtJ mtrpakd;W.

lgps;A. vk;. vd;. N[. G~;gFkhu

guPl;ir Mizahsu; ehafk;

- ii -


- 3 -

cs;slf;fk;

gf;f ,y.

nghwpapaw; njhopDl;gtpaYf;fhd

nra;Kiwr; nraw;ghLfs; ------------------- 1

capu;Kiwikfs; njhopDl;gtpaYf;fhd

nra;Kiwr; nraw;ghLfs; ------------------- 4

- iii -


- 4 -

juk; 12ghlj;jpl;lj;jpw;F Vw;gj; Nju;r;rpAk; Nju;r;rp kl;lKk;

nra;Kiwr; nraw;ghLfs;

2 2'5ngw;Nwhy; vQ;rpd; xd;wpd;

kpd;fyr; RUs; vupgw;wy;

njhFjpapd; (Battery Ignition) guhkupg;G Ntiyfis

Nkw;nfhs;thu;.

2'6ngw;Nwhy; vQ;rpd;fspdhy;

gad;gLj;jg;gLk; vupnghUs;

toq;fy; njhFjpapd;

njhopw;ghl;il tprhupj;jwpthu;.

2'10Nkhl;lu; thfdj; jLg;Gj;

njhFjpfisg; guhkupg;ghu;.

÷vwpgw;wy; njhFjpapd; vspa tOf;fisr; rPu;nra;jy;

÷njhLif Kidia khw;Wjy;

÷Kidfspd; ,ilntspiar; nrg;gQ;nra;jy;

(point gap adjusting)

÷vupnghUl; rPuhf;fpapy; (Carburettor) ngw;Nwhy; Nktpg;gha;tijj; jLg;gjw;fhd eltbf;iffis

Nkw;nfhs;sy;

÷vupnghUl; rPuhf;fpiar; nrg;gQ;nra;jy;

÷jLg;Gj; njhFjpiar; nrg;gQ;nra;jy;

÷rpy;Y cUisfspd; (Wheel cylinder) g+iz khw;Wjy;

÷tspia mfw;Wjy;

3 3'1kpd;Rw;W xd;wpw;Fj; Njitahd

mbg;gilj; Jizf; $Wfis

,dq;fz;L mtw;wpd;

ngWkhdj;ij thrpg;ghu;.

3'4tPl;L kpd; tlq;fisj;

jhgpg;gjw;Fupa Rw;W

tupg;glj;jpw;fikaj;

Jizf;$Wfisj; njupT

nra;thu;.

3'6miyTfhl;b xd;wpd; %yk;

MlNyhl;lr; irif xd;wpd;

ntt;NtW fzpaq;fis

msg;ghu;.

÷jilapiaAk; nfhs;sstpiaAk; ,dq;fz;L mtw;wpd;

ngWkhdq;fis thrpj;jy;

÷,U ,lq;fspypUe;J kpd;tpsf;F xd;iwf; fl;Lg;gLj;jf;

$bathwhd Rw;W xd;iw mikj;jy;

÷Efu;Nthu; myF xd;Wld; (Ntwhf;fp> kPjp Xl;l

kpd;Rw;Wilg;ghd;> Ez;Rw;Wilg;ghd; Fij ntsptop>

kpd;tpsf;F Mfpatw;iwf; nfhz;l kpd;Rw;iw mikj;jy;)

÷miyTfhl;b xd;iwg; gad;gLj;jp MlNyhl;l toq;fp

xd;wpd; mbg;gilg; gupkhzq;fis msg;ghu;.

÷fhy Mtu;j;jdk; %yk; kPbwd;

÷cau; ngWkdk;

÷ird; tbt Mly; Nthy;w;wstpd; cr;rg; ngWkhdj;jpw;Fk;

,il tu;f;f %yg; ngWkhdj;jpw;Fk; ,ilNaahd

njhlu;igg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sy;

4 4'2fl;ll epu;khzpg;G

eltbf;iffspy; gad;gLj;Jk;

nrq;fw; fl;Lkhd tiffisg;

ngaupl;L vspa fl;Lkhdk;

xd;iwf; fl;Lthu;.

4'3fl;Lkhd eltbf;iffSf;nfd

cilfy;> nfhq;fpwPw;Wg;

gad;ghl;il tptupj;J

vspikahd nfhq;fpwPw;Wj;

jl;L xd;iw Mf;Fthu;.

4'4fl;ll epu;khz eltbf;iffspy;

nfhq;fpwPw;W mupfy;>

rPnke;J mupfy; Mfpatw;wpd;

gad;ghl;il tpsf;fp

vspikahd fl;L xd;iw

mikg;ghu;.

÷Rtu; %iy xd;iwf; fl;Ljy;

÷ePbirf;fw; fl;L

÷,q;fpypRf; fl;L

÷cilgUq;fw;fisg; gad;gLj;jpr; Rtu; xd;wpd; gFjpiaf;

fl;Ljy;

÷tYt+l;lg;gl;l nfhq;fpwPw;Wj; jl;L xd;iw mikj;jy;

f.ngh.j.(cau; juk;) - 2015 guPl;irapd;NghJ nra;Kiwg; guPl;irapd;


nghwpapaw; njhopDl;gtpay; - juk; 12

- 1 -


- 5 -



5 5'3cw;gj;jpapd;NghJ

nghUj;jkhd fUtpfs;>

cgfuzq;fs;

Mfpatw;iwg; ghJfhg;ghfg;

gad;gLj;Jthu;.

5'4cw;gj;jp xd;iw

Nkw;nfhs;Sk;NghJ

cupa gFjpfis

tbtikf;Fk; Kiwfisg;

gad;gLj;Jthu;.

÷cupa fUtpfisg; gad;gLj;jpg; Nghj;jy; %b jpwg;ghd;

(Bottle opener) xd;iwj; jahupj;jy;

÷Nfhz ,Uk;igg; gad;gLj;jpr; RtupNy nghUj;jf;$ba

rikayiw ,whf;if xd;iwj; jpl;lkpl;Lj; jahupj;jy;

nghwpapaw; njhopDl;gtpay; - juk; 13juk; 12ghlj;jpl;lj;jpw;F Vw;gj; Nju;r;rpAk; Nju;r;rp kl;lKk;


1 1'2MlNyhl;lg; nghwpfspd;

rpwg;gpay;Gfisf; fw;W>

Njitf;Nfw;g kpfTk;

nghUj;jkhd Nkhl;liuj;

njupTnra;J nfhs;thu;.

1'4Fwpj;j Ntiyf;Fg;

nghUj;jkhd

epiykhw;wpiaj;

njupTnra;Jnfhs;thu;.

÷jug;gl;Ls;s Mly; Xl;lj;ijj; njhlf;f kw;Wk; nfhs;sstp

Xl;l tif xw;iwj; J}z;ly; Nkhl;lupw;F cupa Jizg;

gFjpfisAk; Rw;WfisAk; rupahfj; njhLj;J Nkhl;lupd;

Row;rpj; jpiria vjpu;khwhFkhW ,af;Fjy;

÷NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l Nkhl;lupd; Row;rpj; jpiria vjpu;khwhFkhW

,af;Fjy;

÷NeNuhl;l Nkhl;lu; xd;wpd; MNkr;rupd; Xl;lj;jpw;Nfw;gf; fjp

khWk; tpjj;ij mtjhdpj;jy;

÷Nkhl;lu; xd;iw kpd; gpwghf;fpahfg; gad;gLj;jpr; Rikf;F

Vw;gg; ngwg;gLfpd;w Xl;lk; khWfpd;w tpjj;ij mtjhdpj;jy;

÷mQ;rypr; RUs; xd;iwg; gad;gLj;jp epNahd; tpsf;F xd;iw

vupar; nra;jy;

÷gbFiw epiykhw;wp xd;wpdJk; gb$l;L epiykhw;wp

xd;wpdJk; njhopw;ghl;il ,U epiykhw;wpfisg; gad;gLj;jp

mtjhdpj;jy;

2 2'3NeNuhl;lj; Njitfis

epiwTnra;J nfhs;tjw;fhf

P-N re;jpiar; rPuhf;fpahfg;

gad;gLj;Jthu;.

2'5jpuhd;rpw;wiu Mspahfg;

gad;gLj;Jthu;.

2'8Njitf;Nfw;g ahNjDk;

nra;Kiwiaf;

fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf

,yf;fj; njhopDl;gj;ijg;

gad;gLj;Jthu;.

÷gbFiw epiykhw;wp xd;iwg; gad;gLj;jpf; Fiwe;j

Nthy;w;wsT toq;fy; xd;iw xUq;FNru;j;jy;

÷jahupf;fg;gl;l tY toq;fp xd;wpd; gag;gpw;F Nthy;w;wsT

xOq;fhf;fp xd;iwj; njhLj;J epiyahf;fg;gl;l gag;G

xd;iwg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sy;

÷NPN jpuhd;rpw;wu; xd;iwg; gad;gLj;jpj; jpuhd;rpw;wu; Msp

xd;iw epu;khzpj;jy; (Msp xd;whff; NfhlYWtjw;Fj;

Njitahd fzpg;gPLfisr; nra;tjd; %yk;)

÷tPL xd;wpd; fjTfs; jpwe;Js;sdth vd;gijg; guPl;rpg;gjw;Fj;

ju;f;fg; gliyiag; gad;gLj;jpg; ghJfhg;Gj; njhFjp xd;iw

epu;khzpj;jy;

÷Up counter xd;iw xUq;FNru;j;J VO Jz;lf; fhl;b %yk;

ngWkhdj;ij kPbwd;fspw; fhl;ly;

÷TX, RX Ig; gad;gLj;jp thndhypr; irif xd;iw nrq;fPo;f;

fjpu; miy xd;wpd; %yk; njhiytpy; cs;s ,U

,lq;fSf;fpilNa irifg; gupkhw;wk; nra;jy;

3 3'5tPl;L ePu;f; Foha;j; njhFjp

xd;wpd; gFjpfis

tptupg;ghu;.

÷20 mm PVC Fohiag; gad;gLj;jpf; Fij(Plain socket) xd;iwr; nra;jy;

÷20 mm PVC Fohiag; gad;gLj;jp 90°tisT xd;iwr;

nra;jy;(90° bend).

- 2 -


- 6 -



6 6'1epy msitaPl;Lf;

Nfhl;ghLfis (Principles of Surveying) tpsf;Fthu;.

6'4rq;fpyp msit Kiwia

msg;gjw;Fupa fsj;jpy;

nrad;Kiwahfg;

gad;gLj;Jthu;.

6'6neLf;Fntl;L xd;iwj; jahupg;gjw;F

kl;lq;fhzy; Nfhl;ghl;ilg;

gad;gLj;Jthu;.

÷ghlrhiy epyg; gFjp xd;wpYs;s nghUs;fspd; rhu;ghd

mikitj; jhs; xd;wpy; tiujy;

÷Fwpg;gpl;l ,U ,lq;fspypUe;J NtW Xu; ,lj;jpd; rhu;G

mikitj; jhs; xd;wpd; tiuG %yk; Fwpj;jy;

01',U ePsq;fs; %yk;

04'nrq;Fj;Jj; J}uk; %yk;

÷rq;fpyp msit %yk; rpW ,lk; xd;iw mse;J Fwpg;gpl;l

mstpw;Fj; jpl;lj;ij tiujy;

÷kl;lkhf;fy; Nfhl;ghl;bd;gb FWfpa tPjpg; gFjp xd;wpd; neLf;Fntl;il xOq;FgLj;jy;

- 3 -


- 7 -

f.ngh.j. (c.ju) - 2015 guPl;irapd;NghJ nray;Kiwg; guPl;irf;nfd mbg;gilahff;

nfhs;sg;gLk; nray;Kiwg; guPl;ir

capu;Kiwikfs; njhopDl;gtpay;

Nju;r;rpfSk; Nju;r;rp kl;lq;fSk; nrad;Kiwj; jiyg;Gfs;

2 2'3thdpiyj; juTfis

mwpf;ifg;gLj;jy;

1'capu; Kiwikfspy; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;Jk; thdpiy

gukhdq;fisj; jPu;khdpj;jy;.

a.kiotPo;r;rp msT - RagjpTwh tif kiokhdp

RagjpT tif kiokhdp

c.tspkz;ly ntg;gepiyAk; cau;T ,opT ntg;gepiyAk;

I.rhjhuz ntg;gkhdp %yk;

II.cau;T ,opT ntg;gepiykhdp %yk

d.rhuPug;gjd; - <u cyu; Fkpo; ntg;gkhdp %yk;

3 3'1kz;zpd; mbg;gilf;

$Wfis ,dq;fhzy;

3'2kz;zpd; ngsjpf

,ay;Gfis tptupj;jy;

3'3kz;zpd; ePu;tw;Wj;

jpwd; gw;wpa

Njhw;wg;ghLfis

Ma;e;jwpthu;.

3'5kz; tsq;Fd;wiy

jtpu;f;Fk; Kiwfis

ifahz;L ghu;g;gu;.

2'epiaawpKiw%yk; kz;khjpupapYs;s ePu;r; rjtPjj;ijj;

Jzpjy;.

4'kz; mlu;j;jpiaj; Jzpe;J mjd; cjtpAld;

kz;Ez;Lfisj; jd;ikiaj; jPu;khdpj;;jy;.

a.kz;zpd; cz;ikalu;j;jpia Jzpjy;.

b.kz;zpd; Njhw;wtlu;j;jpiaj; Jzpjy;.

5'fsf;nfhs;ssT epiyapy; kz;zpYs;s ePu;r;rjtPjj;ijj;

Jzpjy;.

6'pH khdpiag; gad;gLj;jp kz;khjpupapd; pH ngWkhdj;ijj; Jzpjy;.

5 5'2,ypq;fkpy; Kiw

,dg;ngUf;fj;ij gad;gLj;jp

jhtu ,dg;gngUf;fj;jpy;

<LgLtu;.

11'gjpitj;jy; %yk; ehw;Wf;fisg; ngWjy;

a.fhw;wpw; gjpitj;jy;b.epyg; gjpitj;jy;12'gjpaKiw ,dg;ngUf;fg; ghfq;fis (jz;Lj; Jz;lq;fs;>

,iyg;ghfq;fs;> Ntu;j;Jz;lq;fs;> epyf;fPo;j; jz;Lfs;)

ehl;Ltjw;nfdj; jahu;nra;jy;.

13'jhtu xl;Ljy; %yk; ehw;Wf;fisg; ngWjy;.

a.mUk;nghl;L (Jz;nlhl;L>Hxl;LTxl;L)

b.fpisnahl;L (jiyfPo; Mg;nghl;L> Mg;nghl;L)

6 6'3czT ew;fhg;Gld;

njhlu;ghd rl;lq;fs;>

tpjpKiwfis Ma;e;jwptu;.

15'fyg;glQ; nra;ag;gl;l czit(Adulteration)(kpsfha;j;J}s;> kQ;rs; J}s;) ,dq;fhzy;.

a.xsp EZf;Ff;fhl;b Kiw

b.epiwkhd Kiw

7 7'3mWtilf;Fg; gpe;jpa

,og;Gf;fis Fiwg;gjw;Fg;

nghUj;jkhd Kiwfis

jpl;lkpLtu;.

16'fha;fwpfs; kw;Wk; gotiffspd; Kjpu;r;rpf; Fwpfhl;bfisg;

guprPypj;jy;.

a.Njhypd; epwj;jpd; mbg;gilapy;

d.mkpyj;jpd; msT$pHngWkhdj;jpd; mbg;gilapy;

8 8'1czitg; nghjpaply; kw;Wk;

njhlu;ghd tpNrl

epiyikfis Ma;e;jwptu;.

8'2czTf;F Nygyplypd;

Efu;Nthu; rhu;e;j

Kf;fpaj;Jtq;fis Muha;tu;.

17'czTr;rl;l epakq;fSf;fika czT cw;gj;jpnahd;Wf;fhd

nghjpapL gjhu;j;jq;fis njupT nra;jYk; ngau;r;Rl;biaj;

jahupj;jYk;.

9 9'2czT cw;gj;jpf;Fj;

Njitahd %yg;nghUl;fspd;

Nru;khd tpfpjq;fis

jPu;khdpf;Fk; Nfhl;ghLfis

fw;ghu;.

9'3cztpd; GyDzu;T kjpg;gPl;L

Kiwfis (Sensory Evaluation) Muha;tu;.

18'jbj;j khf;FioaypypUe;J tpRf;Nfhj;J jahupj;jYk;

GyDzu;T kjpg;gPl;il Nkw;nfhs;sYk;.

- 4 -


- 8 -


11 11'1ePupd; ngsjpf> ,urhad>

capupay; ,ay;Gfis

tptupg;gu;.

11'2ePupd; juj;ijg; gw;wpa fUj;Jf;fisr; rku;g;gpj;J

juj;ij Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhd

eltbf;iffisg; gpNuupg;gu;.

27'ngsjpfg; gukhdq;fspd; mbg;gilapy; ePu;khjpupapd; juj;ijr;

Nrhjpj;jy;.

a.ntg;gepiy

d.nkhj;jj; jpz;kg; gjhu;j;jq;fspd; msT

28',urhadg; gukhdq;fspd; mbg;gilapy; ePu; khjpupapd;

juj;ijr; Nrhjpj;jy;.

a.pH ngWkhdk;29'gbfhuk; (myk;) kw;Wk; #upanthsp Mfpatw;iwg; gad;gLj;jp

fopTePu; khjpupiar; Rj;jpfupj;jy;.

14 14'2fisf; fl;Lg;ghl;Lf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd Kiwfisj;

jpl;lkpLthu;.

14'3g+r;rp> G+r;rp my;yhj

tpyq;Ffs; Mfpatw;iw

fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; Kiwfis

Muha;tu;.

14'4mjpfstpy; fhzg;gLk;

jhtuNeha;fs; kw;Wk;

mtw;wpd; fl;Lg;ghl;L

cj;jpfisg; gpNuupg;gu;.

32'fisfis ,dq;fhZk; tifg;gLj;jYk;.

33'G+r;rpg;gPilfs; kw;Wk; G+r;rpj; jhf;fq;fspd; jd;ikfs;

Mfpatw;iw ,dq;fhzy;.

34'G+r;rpg; nghwpnahd;iw (ngNuhNkhd; nghwp) mikj;jy;.

35'cz;ik khjpupfis mtjhdpj;J jhtu NehawpFwpfis

,dq;fhzy;. (gq;fR> gw;wPupah> nekw;Nwhl;L)

36'tsu;g;G+lfj;jpy; tsu;j;J Neha;f;fhuzpfis ,dq;fhzy;

a.gq;fR

b.gw;wPupah37'Ngu;khdpd; Gdiyg; gad;gLj;jp nekw;Nwhl;Lfis

,dq;fhzy;.

15 15'4tu;j;jfuPjpahd ghYw;gj;jpf;Fj;

Njitahd epiyikfis

Ma;e;jwptu;.

15'5Nfhopapiwr;rp rhu;e;j ifj;njhopypd; etPd

Nghf;Ffis Muha;tu;.

15'6Kl;il rhu;e;j cw;gj;jpf;

ifj;njhopypd; etPd

Nghf;Ffis Muha;tu;.

39'ghypd; juj;ijr; Nrhjpj;jy;.

c.mkpyj; jd;ikiaj; Jzpjy;^pH khdp%yk;&

40',iwr;rpapd; juj;ijr; Nrhjpj;jy;

a.GyDzu;Tr; Nrhjid %yk; (Njhw;wk;> epwk;>

,ioaikg;G> kzk;)

42'mf kw;Wk; Gwtpay;Gfspw;fika (fz;bypd; cgfuzk; %yk;)

Kl;ilfspd; juj;ijr; Nrhjpj;jy;.

17 17'1czT gOjiltjpy;

nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;Jk;

fhuzpfis ,dq;fz;L

mtw;iwf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtu;.

17'2czT ew;fhg;G Nfhl;ghLfs;>

El;gKiwfs; Mfpatw;iw

Muha;jy;.

17'4nghUj;jkhd myFr;

nraw;ghLfs; kw;Wk;

El;gKiwfs; Mfpatw;iwg;

gad;gLj;jp czT

cw;gj;jpfis jahupg;ghu;.

43'gOjile;j czTfis ,dq;fhzy; (ngsjpf> ,urhad>

capupay; KiwfSf;fika)

45'fha;fwpf tiffs; rpytw;iwg; gpshd;rpq;nra;J cyu;j;jpapy;

cyu;j;jpf; nfhs;sy;.

46'mw;fNfhy; nehjpj;jy;%yk; nrt;tpsdPu; itd; jahupj;jy;.

47',yf;upf;fkpy nehjpj;jy;%yk; fha;fwpfis ew;fhg;Gr; nra;jy;.

48'mnrw;wpf;fkpy nehjpj;jy;%yk; fha;fwpfis ew;fhg;Gr;

nra;jy;.

49'gy;NtW czT cw;gj;jpg;nghUl;fisj; jahupj;jy;>

nghjpaply;> ngau;r;Rl;baply;.

a.Nfhbay;b.jhdpak;> gUg;G Mfpad fye;J jahupf;fg;gl;l czT

c.gUfj;jf;f Nahfl;

18 18'1ehw;WNkilapy; ,Ltjw;nfd

jukhd tpj;Jf;fis ngWthu;.

18'2jukhd ehw;Wf;fisj;

jahupg;ghu;.

18'3jukhd ehw;Wf;fisj; jahupg;ghu;.

50'nrw;ifahf kfue;jr; Nru;f;ifia Nkw;nfhs;sy;.

(fj;jup/ ghfy;/ G+rdp)51'tpj;Jr; rpfpr;iria Nkw;nfhs;sy;.

a.jbj;j tpj;Jiwia mfw;Wjy; (kh> Gsp> rpwftiu)

b.RLePu;r; rpfpr;ir (ney;)c.mkpyr; rpfpr;ir (ney;)

d.epNuhjpg;Gg; gjhu;j;jq;fis mfw;Wjy; (jf;fhsp> gg;ghrp)

52'ehw;WNkilaikj;jYk; tpj;Jf;fis ,LjYk;

a.cau; ehw;WNkil mikj;jy;

b.neupNlhf;Nfh ehw;WNkil mikj;jy;

c.rhb ehw;WNkil

- 5 -


- 9 -


19 19'3kz;zpd;wpa gapu;r;rpnra;if

Kiwfis Muha;tu;.

19'4ePu;taY}lhf gapu;r;nra;if

Kiwia ifahz;L ghu;g;gu;.

53'kz;zpd;wpa ehw;WNkilf;fhd ehw;Wf;fis cw;gj;jp nra;jy;.

54'Rw;wpNahlj;jf;f ePu;kaT+lfg; gapu;r;nra;ifaps; ghfq;fis

,dq;fhzy;.

55'jpz;k Clfj;jpy; ciwfspyhd gapu;r;nra;ifia

Nkw;nfhs;sy;

a.epiyf;Fj;J ciwfspyhd gapu;r;nra;if

b.rhbapyhd gapu;r;nra;if

20 20'1gy;NtW gz;izf;

fl;likg;Gf;fisg; gw;wp

Muha;tu;.

57'gz;izf; fl;likg;Gfspd; gUkl;lhd jpl;lj;ij tiujy;.

a.tpyq;Fkid

b.nghypj;jPd; $lhuk;21 21'2jiuayq;fupg;Gf;F

gad;gLj;jg;gLk; nkd;$Wfs;>

td;$Wfs; gw;wp Muha;e;jwptu;.

21'5G+q;fh guhkupg;G eltbf;iffis rupahf

Nkw;nfhs;tu;.

58'njupTnra;ag;gl;l ,lj;jpd; jiuayq;fupg;Gj; jpl;lj;ij

tiujYk; me;j epyj;jpy; nkd;> td; $Wfis epWTjYk;.

59're;ijg; ngWkhdk; nfhz;l kyu;j; jhtutifnahd;iw

(me;J}upak; my;yJ Xu;f;fpl;L) tsu;j;jy;

60',iyayq;fhuj; jhtu tifnahd;iw (jpuprPdh> ghk; tif)

tsu;j;jy;.

61'kyu; kw;Wk; ,iy myq;fhuj; jhtuq;fis

re;ijg;gLj;jntdj; jahu;nra;jy;.

22 22'2epyg;gz;gLj;jy;

cgfuzq;fs;

nraw;gLj;jg;gLk; tpjj;ijf;

fw;ghu;.

22'5G+q;fh guhkupg;G eltbf;iffis rupahf

Nkw;nfhs;tu;.

62'epyg;gz;gLj;jy; cgfuzq;fspd; (mr;Rj;jl;Lf; fyg;ig>

tl;lj;jl;Lf; fyg;ig> Roy;fyg;ig> N`h cgfuzq;fs;)

ghfq;fis ,dq;fhzy;.

63',uz;L rf;fu> ehd;F rf;fu jpuhf;uu;fspd; ghfq;fis

,dq;fhzYk; cgfuzq;fisg; nghUj;JjYk;.

23 23'4myq;fhu kPd;tsu;g;gpy;

<LgLtu;.

23'5myq;fhu ePu;j;jhtu tsu;g;gpy;

<LgLtu;.

64'fz;zhbj; njhl;bapy; myq;fhukPd;fis mwpKfQ; nra;jYk;

guhkupj;jYk;.

65'myq;fhu ePu;j;jhtuq;fis ,dq;fhzYk; njupT nra;ag;gl;l

myq;fhuj; jhtunkhd;iw ^Cabomba, Limnophila, Valisnaria, Sagittaria, Aponogeton, Cryptecoryne&tsu;j;jYk;.

25 25'1jhtur; rhw;Wg; gpupj;njLg;Gfs; kw;Wk; mit rhu;e;ej

cw;gj;jpfis ,dq;fhz;ghu;.

67'gg;ghrpg; ghiyr; Nrfupj;jYk; cyu;JjYk;.

- 6 -


- 10 -- 7 -

njhopDl;gtpay; ghlj;Jiw - doenets.lkgtpay; ghlj;Jiw 2015Mk; Mz;by; eilngwTs;s f.ngh.j. (c.ju)g;...

Documents

Transcript of njhopDl;gtpay; ghlj;Jiw - doenets.lkgtpay; ghlj;Jiw 2015Mk; Mz;by; eilngwTs;s f.ngh.j. (c.ju)g;...