ngsjpftpay; nra;Kiwrhu; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b

i

f.ngh.j. (cau;juk;)

ngsjpftpay;ngsjpftpay;ngsjpftpay;ngsjpftpay;ngsjpftpay;

nra;Kiwrhu; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bnra;Kiwrhu; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bnra;Kiwrhu; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bnra;Kiwrhu; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bnra;Kiwrhu; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b

(2009 Mk; Mz;bypUe;J eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLk; ghlj;jpl;lj;Jf;FupaJ)

tpQ;Qhdk; kw;Wk; RfhjhuKk; clw;fy;tpf;Fkhd JiwtpQ;Qhdk; kw;Wk; RfhjhuKk; clw;fy;tpf;Fkhd JiwtpQ;Qhdk; kw;Wk; RfhjhuKk; clw;fy;tpf;Fkhd JiwtpQ;Qhdk; kw;Wk; RfhjhuKk; clw;fy;tpf;Fkhd JiwtpQ;Qhdk; kw;Wk; RfhjhuKk; clw;fy;tpf;Fkhd Jiw

tpQ;Qhd njhopy;El;gg; gPlk;tpQ;Qhd njhopy;El;gg; gPlk;tpQ;Qhd njhopy;El;gg; gPlk;tpQ;Qhd njhopy;El;gg; gPlk;tpQ;Qhd njhopy;El;gg; gPlk;

Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;

ii

ngsjpftpay; nra;Kiwrhu; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bngsjpftpay; nra;Kiwrhu; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bngsjpftpay; nra;Kiwrhu; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bngsjpftpay; nra;Kiwrhu; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bngsjpftpay; nra;Kiwrhu; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b

f.ngh.j. (cau;juk;)f.ngh.j. (cau;juk;)f.ngh.j. (cau;juk;)f.ngh.j. (cau;juk;)f.ngh.j. (cau;juk;)

(2009 Mk; Mz;bypUe;J eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLk; ghlj;jpl;lj;Jf;FupaJ)(2009 Mk; Mz;bypUe;J eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLk; ghlj;jpl;lj;Jf;FupaJ)(2009 Mk; Mz;bypUe;J eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLk; ghlj;jpl;lj;Jf;FupaJ)(2009 Mk; Mz;bypUe;J eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLk; ghlj;jpl;lj;Jf;FupaJ)(2009 Mk; Mz;bypUe;J eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLk; ghlj;jpl;lj;Jf;FupaJ)

(c) Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk; Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk; Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk; Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk; Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;

Kjyhk; gjpg;G 2011Kjyhk; gjpg;G 2011Kjyhk; gjpg;G 2011Kjyhk; gjpg;G 2011Kjyhk; gjpg;G 2011

tpQ;Qhdk; kw;Wk; RfhjhuKk; clw;fy;tpf;Fkhd JiwtpQ;Qhdk; kw;Wk; RfhjhuKk; clw;fy;tpf;Fkhd JiwtpQ;Qhdk; kw;Wk; RfhjhuKk; clw;fy;tpf;Fkhd JiwtpQ;Qhdk; kw;Wk; RfhjhuKk; clw;fy;tpf;Fkhd JiwtpQ;Qhdk; kw;Wk; RfhjhuKk; clw;fy;tpf;Fkhd Jiw

tpQ;Qhd njhopy;El;gg; gPlk;tpQ;Qhd njhopy;El;gg; gPlk;tpQ;Qhd njhopy;El;gg; gPlk;tpQ;Qhd njhopy;El;gg; gPlk;tpQ;Qhd njhopy;El;gg; gPlk;

gjpg ;G:-gjpg ;G:-gjpg ;G:-gjpg ;G:-gjpg ;G:-

iii

topfhl;ly; : NguhrpupaH W.M. mNguj;d gz;lhu>

gzpg;ghsH ehafk;>

Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;.

jpU. L. H. tpN[rpq;f

tpQ;Qhd njhopy;El;gg; gPlk;>

cjtpg;gzpg;ghsH ehafk;>


gzpg;G : jpU. C.M.R. me;jdp>

gzpg;ghsH>

tpQ;Qhdk; kw;Wk; RfhjhuKk; clw;fy;tpf;Fkhd Jiw>


ghlxd;wpizg;G : jpU. P. kytpgjpud> nraw;jpl;l mjpfhup>


jpU. M.L.S. gpajp];]> cjtpr; nraw;jpl;l mjpfhup>


ghl tpla topfhl;ly; : Nguhrpupau; T.R. Mupaul;z> gyfiyf;fofk; nfhOk;G.

Nguhrpupau; B.S.B. fUzhul;d> gy;fiyf; fofk;> Nguhnjdpa

Nguhrpupau; S.R.D. Nuhrh> gy;fiyf;fofk;> nfhOk;G.

Nguhrpupau; J.K.D.S. [aNej;jp> gy;fiyf;fofk;> nfhOk;G.

fyhepjp K.P.S.C. [aul;d> gy;fiyf;fofk;> nfhOk;G.

fyhepjp M.K. [ahde;j> gy;fiyf;fofk;> nfhOk;G.

fyhepjp D.D.N.B. jah> gy;fiyf;fofk;> nfhOk;G.

Nguhrpupau; J.C.N. uhN[e;jpuh. jpwe;j gy;fiyf;fofk;> ,yq;if.

fyhepjp W.G.D. ju;kuj;jpd> gy;fiyf; fofk;> WFZ.

fyhepjp P.W.S.K. gz;lhu ehaf> gy;fiyf; fofk;> Nguhnjdpa

fyhepjp P. fPf;fpadNf gy;fiyf; fofk;> = n[atu;j;jdGu.

ts Mszpapdu; : jpU. B.A. jpyf;fuj;d> Kd;dhs; nraw;jpl;l mjpfhup (NIE)

jpU. W.A.D. ,uj;jpd#upa> Kd;dhs; gpujk nraw;jpl;l mjpfhup (NIE)

jpU. D.S. tpjhdMuhr;rp> Kd;dhs; gpujk nraw;jpl;l mjpfhup(NIE)

jpU. H.S.K. tp[ajpyf;f> SLEAS - I, Kd;dhs; mjpgH

jpU. A. Rfjghy> Kd;dhs; MrpupaH juk; - I

jpU. A. n`l;bMuhr;rp> mjpfhup> Njrpa fy;tp Mizf;FO.

jpU. P. kytpgjpud> nraw;jpl;l mjpfhup> Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;.

nkhopngaHg;G : jpU. M.Z.M. gsPy;>

Nwhay; fy;Yup > nfhOk;G-07

jpU. S. R. n[af;FkhH>

Nwhay; fy;Yup > nfhOk;G-07

Vida cjtpfs; : jpU. M. ntypgpba

jpU. W.P.P. tPutHjd

jpU. K.G.R. jahtd;]

tiyaikg;G : www.nie.lk

iv

cs;slf;fk;

gf;fk;gf;fk;gf;fk;gf;fk;gf;fk;

mwpKfk; 01

1 .1 .1 .1 .1 . Ntzpau; ,Lf;fpkhdpiag; gad;gLj;jp mstPLfisg; ngwy; 02

2 .2 .2 .2 .2 . Ez;khdpj; jpUFf;fzpr;rpiag; gad;gLj;jp mstPLfisg; ngwy; 03

3 .3 .3 .3 .3 . Nfhskhdpiag; gad;gLj;jp mstPLfisg; ngwy; 04

4 .4 .4 .4 .4 . efUk; EZf;Ff;fhl;biag; gad;gLj;jp mstPLfisg; ngwy; 05

5 .5 .5 .5 .5 . tpir ,izfuf; Nfhl;ghl;il tha;g;Gg;ghu;j;jYk;> Nfhl;ghl;ilg;

gad;gLj;jp nghUnshd;wpd; epiw fhzYk; 06

6 .6 .6 .6 .6 . jpUg;gf; Nfhl;ghl;ilg; gad;gLj;jpg; nghUnshd;wpd; epiw fhzy; 07

7 .7 .7 .7 .7 . U - Fohiag; gad;gLj;jpj; jputq;fspd; mlu;j;jpfis xg;gpLjy; 08

8 .8 .8 .8 .8 . Vaupd; Ma;fUtpiag; gad;gLj;jp ,U jputq;fspd; mlHj;jpfis

xg;gpLjy;. 09

9 .9 .9 .9 .9 . ghuNkw;wg;gl;l gupNrhjidf; Fohiag; (ePukhdp) gad;gLj;jpj;

jputnkhd;wpd; mlu;j;jp fhzy; 10

1 0 .1 0 .1 0 .1 0 .1 0 . vspa Criyg; gad;gLj;jp <Hitapdhyhd MHKLfy; fhzy; 11

1 1 .1 1 .1 1 .1 1 .1 1 . ,Nyrhd RUsp tpy; xd;wpy; njhq;ftplg;gl;Ls;s nghUnshd;wpd;;

jpzptpw;Fk; miyT fhyj;jpw;Fkpilapyhd njhlu;igj; Jzpjy; 12

1 2 .1 2 .1 2 .1 2 .1 2 . Rukhdpiag; gad;gLj;jp ,irf;fitnahd;wpd; kPbwd; fhzy; 13

1 3 .1 3 .1 3 .1 3 .1 3 . Rukhdpiag; gad;gLj;jp ,Oitf;Fl;gLj;jg;gl;l mjpUk; fk;gpapd;;

kPbwdpw;;Fk; ePsj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapyhd njhlu;igj; Jzpjy; 14

1 4 .1 4 .1 4 .1 4 .1 4 . xU Kid %lg;gl;l FohiaAk; xU ,irf;fitiaAk;

gad;gLj;jp tspapy; xypapd; Ntfj;ijAk; Kidj;jpUj;jj;ijAk;

fhzy; 15

1 5 .1 5 .1 5 .1 5 .1 5 . xU Kid %lg;gl;l FohiaAk; gy ,irf;ftHfisAk;

gad;gLj;jp tspapy; xypapd; Ntfj;ijAk; Kidj;jpUj;jj;ijAk;

fhzy; 16

1 6 .1 6 .1 6 .1 6 .1 6 . efUk; EZf;Ff;fhl;biaAk; fz;zhbf; Fw;wpiaAk;

gad;gLj;jpf; fz;zhbapd; KwpTr;Rl;b fhzy; 17

1 7 .1 7 .1 7 .1 7 .1 7 . mupaj;jpDlhd fjpupd; tpyfiyg; gupNrhjid uPjpapy; Ma;T

nra;jYk; mupaj;jpd; ,opT tpyfw; Nfhzk; fhzYk; 18

1 8 .1 8 .1 8 .1 8 .1 8 . mtjpf;Nfhz Kiwapdhy; mupaj; jputpaj;jpd; KwpTr;Rl;b Jzpjy;. 19

1 9 .1 9 .1 9 .1 9 .1 9 . jpUrpakhdpiar; nrg;gQ;nra;jYk; mupaf;Nfhzk; JzpjYk; 20

2 0 .2 0 .2 0 .2 0 .2 0 . jpUrpakhdpiag; gad;gLj;jp; tpyfw;Nfhzk; fhzYk; KwpTr;Rl;b

fhzYk; 21

v

21.21.21.21.21. tpy;iyapy; tpk;gj;jpd; epiyia> guitapd;ik ,d;w;pg; nghUe;jr;

nra;if Kiwapdhy; fhz;gJld; tpy;iyapd; Ftpaj;Juj;ijAk;

fhzy; 22

2 2 .2 2 .2 2 .2 2 .2 2 . ,wFf; Fohiag; gad;gLj;jp tspkz;ly mKf;fk; fhzy; 24

2 3 .2 3 .2 3 .2 3 .2 3 . khwh mKf;fj;jpy; thAnthd;wpd; fdtstpw;Fk; ntg;gepiyf;Fk;

,ilapyhd njhlu;ig Muha;jy; 25

2 4 .2 4 .2 4 .2 4 .2 4 . khwhf; fdtstpy;; thAnthd;wpd; mKf;fj;jpw;Fk; ntg;gepiyf;Fk;

,ilapyhd njhlu;ig Muha;jy; 26

2 5 .2 5 .2 5 .2 5 .2 5 . fyit Kiwapdhy;j; jpz;knkhd;wpd; jd;ntg;gf;nfhs;ssitj; Jzpjy;. 27

2 6 .2 6 .2 6 .2 6 .2 6 . Fspuy; Kiwahy;j; jputnkhd;wpd; jd;ntg;gf;nfhs;ssT Jzpjy;. 28

2 7 .2 7 .2 7 .2 7 .2 7 . fyit Kiwapdhy; gdpf;fl;bapd; cUfypd; jd;kiwntg;gk; Jzpjy;. 29

2 8 .2 8 .2 8 .2 8 .2 8 . fyit Kiwapdhy; ePupd; Mtpahjypd; jd;kiw ntg;gk; Jzpjy;. 30

2 9 .2 9 .2 9 .2 9 .2 9 . Jyf;fkhd fNyhupkhdpiag; gad;gLj;jp tspapd; njhlu;G <ug;gjd;

Jzpjy;. 31

3 0 .3 0 .3 0 .3 0 .3 0 . Nrspd; Kiwapdhy; vspjpw; flj;jpnahd;wpd; ntg;gf;flj;jhW Jzpjy;. 32

3 1 .3 1 .3 1 .3 1 .3 1 . cyu; fyj;jpd; mfj;jiliaAk; kpd;dpaf;f tpiriaAk; Jzpjy;. 33

3 2 .3 2 .3 2 .3 2 .3 2 . kPw;wu;g; ghyj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp ,U jilfis xg;gpLjy; 34

3 3 .3 3 .3 3 .3 3 .3 3 . kPw;wug;; ghyj;ijg; gad;gLj;jpf; flj;jpnahd;wpd; jilntg;gepiyf;

Fzfk; Jzpjy;. 35

3 4 .3 4 .3 4 .3 4 .3 4 . mOj;jkhdpiag; gad;gLj;jp kpd;fyq;fspd; kp.,.tp. fis xg;gply; 36

3 5 .3 5 .3 5 .3 5 .3 5 . mOj;jkhdpiag; gad;gLj;jpj; jilfis xg;gpLjy; 37

3 6 .3 6 .3 6 .3 6 .3 6 . mOj;jkhdpiag; gad;gLj;jp kpd;fynkhd;wpd; mfj;jil fhzy; 37

37.37.37.37.37. mOj;jkhdpiag; gad;gLj;jpr; rpwpa kpd; ,af;f tpir (ntg;g

,izapd;) Jzpjy; 38

3 8 .3 8 .3 8 .3 8 .3 8 . Fiwflj;jp ,Uthapapd;; I - V rpwg;gpay;G tisapiag; ngwy;. 39

3 9 .3 9 .3 9 .3 9 .3 9 . nghJf;fhyp cUtikg;gpy; jpuhd;rpw;wiu tpupayhf;fpahfg;

gad;gLj;jg;gLk; NghJ IB

, IC fspw;fpilapyhd rpwg;gpay;G

tiuigg; guprPypj;jy; 40

4 0 .4 0 .4 0 .4 0 .4 0 . mbg;gilj; jUf;ff; fjtq;fspd; cz;ik ml;ltizia Muha;jy; 41

4 1 .4 1 .4 1 .4 1 .4 1 . fk;gp Mf;fg;gl;l jputpaj;jpd; aq;fpd;kl;Lf; fhzy; 42

4 2 .4 2 .4 2 .4 2 .4 2 . GtNrapd; #j;jpuj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp ePupd; gpRf;Fikf; Fzfk; fhzy;;;; ; 43

4 3 .4 3 .4 3 .4 3 .4 3 . EZf;Ff;fhl;b tOf;fpiag; gad;gLj;jp ePupd; Nkw;gug;gpOit fhzy;;;; ; 44

4 4 .4 4 .4 4 .4 4 .4 4 . rtHf;fhuf; fiurypd; Nkw;gug;gpOit fhzy;

(fk;gpr; rl;lnkhd;iwg; gad;gLj;jp) 45

4 5 .4 5 .4 5 .4 5 .4 5 . kapu;j;Jis vOif Kiwapdhy; ePupd; Nkw;gug;gpOit fhzy; 46

4 6 .4 6 .4 6 .4 6 .4 6 . N[fupd; Kiwapdhy;j; jputnkhd;wpd; Nkw;gug;gpOit fhzy; 47

1

mwpKfk;

f.ngh.j. caHjug; ; ngsjpftpay; 2009 Kjy; mKyhFk; Gjpa

ghlj;jpl;lj;jpw;fikaj; juk; 12 > 13 ,w;fhd ngsjpftpay; nra;Kiwg;

gupNrhjidfs; gw;wpa MrpupaHfSf;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs; ,q;F

cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ghlj;jpl;lj;jpw;fika xt;Nthu; myfpYk; Fiwe;j

gl;rk; Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;ba gupNrhjidfSk; MrpupaH nra;Jfhl;ly;fSk;

jbj;j vOj;jpy; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sd. Ma;T$lg; gupNrhjidfisg; gw;wpa

RUf;fkhdnjhU topfhl;ly; kl;LNk ,e;Eypy; cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

xt;nthU gupNrhjidAk; Mw;WtjDlhf khztHfs; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s

Ntz;ba fw;wy; Nehf;fq;fs; vOjg;gl;Ls;sd. Ma;T$lj;jpy; gupNrhjid

nra;tjw;Fj; Njitahd Fiwe;jgl;r cgfuzq;fSk; jug;;gl;Ls;sd.

,g;gupNrhjidfisr; nra;tjw;F khztHfSf;F topfhl;LjYf;fhd

MrpupaH mwpTWj;jy;fSk; vOjg;gl;Ls;sd. gupNrhjid nra;tjw;F

Kd;dH Mrpupauhy; tFg;giwapy; fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghLfspd;NghJ

gupNrhjidr; nra;KiwfSf;Fj; Njitahd Nfhl;ghLfis khztH

fSf;F Cl;l Ntz;Lk;. Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bapy; jug;gl;Ls;s

Vida gupNrhjidfis my;yJ nra;Jfhl;ly;fis khztu;fsJ

nra;Kiwj; jpwd;fis NkYk; tpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhfg; gad;gLj;j KbAk;.

vt;thwhapDk; ,e;j mwpTWj;jy;fSf;F kl;Lk; vy;iyg;gLj;jhky; jkJ

Ra mDgtq;fisg; gad;gLj;jpg; ngsjpftpaw; ghlj;jpl;lj;jpw;fika>

ngsjpftpaw; Nfhl;ghLfis tpsf;Ftjw;fhd NtW gupNrhjidfisAk;

MrpupaHfs; khztu;fSf;F Kd;itf;f KbAk;.

2

gupNrhjid ,ygupNrhjid ,ygupNrhjid ,ygupNrhjid ,ygupNrhjid ,y ::::: 0 10 10 10101

Ntzpau; ,Lf;fpkhdpiag; gad;gLj;jp mstPL fisg; ngwy;Ntzpau; ,Lf;fpkhdpiag; gad;gLj;jp mstPL fisg; ngwy;Ntzpau; ,Lf;fpkhdpiag; gad;gLj;jp mstPL fisg; ngwy;Ntzpau; ,Lf;fpkhdpiag; gad;gLj;jp mstPL fisg; ngwy;Ntzpau; ,Lf;fpkhdpiag; gad;gLj;jp mstPL fisg; ngwy;

Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs; : • Ntzpau; ,Lf;fpkhdpapd; ,opntz;zpf;ifiaAk;>

G+r;rpa tOitAk; fhzy;.

• tpj;jpahrkhd mstPLfisg; ngWtjw;F Ntzpau;

,Lf;fpkhdpapy; cs;s nghUj;jkhd gFjpfisg;

gad;gLj;jy;.

• rpwpa ePsq;fis msg;gjw;F Ntzpau; ,Lf;fpkhdp

gad;gLj;jypd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij mwpjy;.

• Ntzpau;; mstpilAila NtW cgfuzq;fisg;

gad;gLj;jypd; jpwid tpUj;jp nra;jy;.

cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk; : Ntzpau; ,Lf;fpkhdp> mz;zsthf 4 cm ×3 cm × 2 cm

nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk; gupkhzq;fisAila kuf;Fw;wp > mz;zsthf 5 cm

ePskhd P.V.C. f;Foha;> mz;zsthf3cm tpl;lKila

Nfhsk;> nghUj;jkhd msTila nghs; cUis

Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau; : • Ntzpau; ,Lf;fpkhdpapd; ,opntz;zpf;if> G+r;rpa

tO vd;gtw;iwf; fhz;gjw;F mwpTWj;jy;fs; toq;fy;.

• kuf;Fw;wpnahd;wpd; ePsk;> mfyk;> cauk; vd;gtw;iw

Ntzpau; ,Lf;fpkhdpahy;; msg;gjw;Fj; Njitahd

mwpTWj;jy;fs; toq;fy;.

• P.V.C f;Fohapd; mf> Gw tpl;lq;fs; > Fohapd; cauk;;

vd;gtw;iw Ntzpau; ,Lf;fpkhdpapd;; nghUj;jkhd

gFjpfisg; gad;gLj;jp msg;gjw;F mwpTWj;jy;fs;

toq;fy;.

• Nfhsj;jpd; ,il tpl;lj;ijf; fhz;gjw;Fj; Njitahd

mstPLfisg; ngWtjw;F mwpTWj;jy;fs; toq;fy;.

• nghs; cUisapd; ,il mftpl;lk;> ,il Mok;

vd;gtw;iwf; fhz;gjw;Fj; Njitahd mstPLfisg;

ngWjy;.

• ngwg;gl;l mstPLfisg; nghUj;jkhd Kiwapy;

ml ;ltizg;gLj ;jTk; ru pahff ; fzpg;gjw;Fk;

ngWNgWfisg; gjptjw;Fk; mwpTWj;jy;fs; toq;fy;.

• gupNrhjidiag; gjpe;j gpd;du; mstPLfisAk;

fzpg;Gf;fisAk; guprPypf;f.

mwpTmwpTmwpTmwpTmwpTWj;jy;Wj;jy;Wj;jy;Wj;jy;Wj;jy;fsfsfsfsfs;;;; ;

3


Ez;khdpj; jpUFf;fzpr;rpiag; gad;gLj;jp mstPLfisg; ngwy;Ez;khdpj; jpUFf;fzpr;rpiag; gad;gLj;jp mstPLfisg; ngwy;Ez;khdpj; jpUFf;fzpr;rpiag; gad;gLj;jp mstPLfisg; ngwy;Ez;khdpj; jpUFf;fzpr;rpiag; gad;gLj;jp mstPLfisg; ngwy;Ez;khdpj; jpUFf;fzpr;rpiag; gad;gLj;jp mstPLfisg; ngwy;

Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs; : • fzpr;rpapd; ,opntz;zpf;ifiaAk;> G+r;rpa tOitAk;

fhzy;.

• mstPl;bd; tOtPjk; FiwAkhW thrpg;igg; ngWtjw;F

fzpr;rpiar; rupahd Kiwapy; gad;gLj;jy;.

• fzpr;rpapdhy; 0.01 mm gUkd; thpirapYs;s kpfTk;

rpwpa ePsq;fis msf;fg;gL tjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij

mwpjy;.

• jhspd;; jbg;Gf;fhd mstPl;il ngWk; NghJ fzpr;rpapd;

,opntz;zpf;iff;F Vw;g > jbg;Gf;fhd tOtPjj;ijf;

Fiwf;FKfkhf Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;ba gbKiwfisg;

ngwy;.

cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk; : Ez;khdpj; jpUFf;fzpr;rp> nky;ypa fk;gp> rpwpa

nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk; cUf;Ff;Nfhsk;> rtumyF> glg;gpujpj; jhs;

Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau; : • Ez;khdpj; jpUFf;fzpr;rpapd; ,opntz;zpf;if> G+r;rpa

tO vd;gtw;iwf; fhZk; Kiwfisg; gw;wpa


• mstPLfis vLf;Fk; NghJ tOtPjj;ijf; Fiwg;g

jw;Ff; ifahsNtz;ba Kiwfis tpdtpj; Njit

ahd mwpTWj;jy;fs; toq;fy;.

• jhspd; jbg;ig msf;Fk; NghJ ,opntz;zpf;ifiaf;

fUj;jpw; nfhz;L> tOtPjj;ijf; Fiwg;gjw;Ff;

ifahsNtz;ba gbKiwfisg; gw;wpa mwpTWj;jy;fs;

toq;fy;.

• thrpg;Gfisg; gjpTnra;Ak; Kiwiag; guprPypj;J>

,opntz;zpf;ifiar; NrHf;Fk; ; tifapy; gjpT

nra;tjw;F mwpTWj;jy;fs; toq;fy;.


4


Nfhskhdpiag; gad;gLj;jp mstPLfisg; ngwy;Nfhskhdpiag; gad;gLj;jp mstPLfisg; ngwy;Nfhskhdpiag; gad;gLj;jp mstPLfisg; ngwy;Nfhskhdpiag; gad;gLj;jp mstPLfisg; ngwy;Nfhskhdpiag; gad;gLj;jp mstPLfisg; ngwy;

Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs; : • Nfhskhdpapd; ,opntz;zpf;if fhzy;.

• Nfhskhdpiag; ghtpj;Jr; nrk;ikahd thrpg;Gf;fs;

ngwy;.

• tisNkw;gug;gpd; Miuiaj; Jzptjw;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;

gLk; Nfhskhdpapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij mwpjy;.

• thrpg;ngLf;Fk;; NghJ eLj;jpUfpd; Kid> nghUis

kl;Lkl;lhfj; njhLk;gbr; nrg;gQ;nra;tjw;fhd jpwidg;

ngwy;.

cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk; : Nfhskhdp> EZf;Ff;fhl;b tOf;fpj;jl;L> fbfhuf;

nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk; fz;zhb> rkjsf;fz;zhbf; Fw;wp>

Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau; : • Nfhskhdpapd; ,opntz;zpf;if fhZk; Kiwiag;

gw;wpa mwpTWj;jy;fs; toq;;fy;.

• jsf;fz;zhb Nkw;gug;gpy; Nfhskhdpia itj;J >

eLj;jpUfpd; Kid fz;zhb Nkw;gug;ig kl;Lkl;lhfj;

njhLkhW nrg;gQ;nra;J> thrpg;Gf;fs; vLg;gjw;F


• EZf;Ff;fhl;b tOf;fpj;jl;ilf; Nfhskhdpapd;

ghjq;fSf;fpilapy; itj;J eLj;jpUF tOf;fpj;jl;bd;

Nkw;gug;ig kl;Lkl;lhfj; njhLkhW nrg;gQ;nra;J

thrpg;Gf;fs; vLg;gjw;F mwpTWj;jy;fs; toq;fy;.

• jug;gl;l tisT Nkw;gug;nghd;wpd; tistpdhiuiaf;

fhz;gjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fis toq;fy;.

• Nfhskhd pia Nkw ;gug ; g py ; itf ;f Kd ;du ;

eLj ;j pUF rw;W NkNy cau;j ;jg ;gLtjw;fhd


• eLj;jpUF Nkw;gug;ig kl;Lkl;lhf njhLk; NghJ>

Njitapd;wp eLj;jpUFj; jpUfhzp jho;e;Js;sjh vd

gupNrhjpf;Fk; Kiwiaf; $wy;.

• NfhsNkw;gug;gpd; tisthiuiaf; fzpg;gjw;Fupa

#j;jpuj;ij toq;fy;.


5


efUk; EZf;Ff;fhl;biag; gad;gLj;jp mstPLfisg; ngwy;efUk; EZf;Ff;fhl;biag; gad;gLj;jp mstPLfisg; ngwy;efUk; EZf;Ff;fhl;biag; gad;gLj;jp mstPLfisg; ngwy;efUk; EZf;Ff;fhl;biag; gad;gLj;jp mstPLfisg; ngwy;efUk; EZf;Ff;fhl;biag; gad;gLj;jp mstPLfisg; ngwy;

Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs; : • efUk; EZf;Ff;fhl;bapYs;s gFjpfis ngahply;.

• thrpg;igg; ngWtjw;F efUk; EZf;Ff;fhl;bapd;

epiyf;Fj;J> fpil mstpilfis cgNahfpj;jy;.

• EZf;Ff;fhl;biaf; Ftpag;gLj;Jk; Kiwapid

mwptjw;fhd gupNrhjidj; jpwid tpUj;jp nra;jy;.

• Ntzpau; msTj;jpl;lj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp> rpwpa mstPL

fisg; ngWk; jpwid tpUj;jp nra;jy;.

cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk; : efUk; EZf;Ff;fhl;b> kapu;j;Jisf; Foha;> ,wg;gu;;

nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk; f;Foha; > Mjhuk;.

Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau; : • ,opntz;zpf;if fhz;gjw;fhd Kiw rk;ge;jkhf

khzth;fSf;F mwpTWj;jy;fs; toq;fy;.

• EZf;Ff;fhl;bAk;> kapu;j;Jisf; FohAk; xNu mr;rhfTk;>

fpilahfTk; ,Uf;FkhW nrg;gQ;nra;tjw;fhd

mwpTWj;jy;fs; toq;;fy;.

• EZf;Ff;fhl;bapd; fpil > epiyf;Fj;J mstpilfis

cgNahfpj;J xd;Wf;nfhd;W nrq;Fj;jhff; Fohapd;

,U tpl;lq;fisAk; fzpg;gjw;fhf thrpg ;Gf ;fisg;

ngWtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs; toq;;fy;.

• thrpg;Gf;fisg; ngWk; NghJ FWf;Ff;fk;gp gad;gLj;jg;

gLk; KiwiaAk;> Ntzpau; mstpil gad;gLj;jg;

gLk; KiwiaAk; njspthf tpsf;Fjy;.

• ,wg;gu;f;; Fohapd; mftpl;lk;> ntsptpl;lk; vd;gtw;iw

msg;gjw;F efUk; EZf;Ff;fhl;biag; gad;gLj;jYf;fhd

Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij typAWj;Jjy;.


6


tpir ,izfuf; Nfhl;ghl;il tha;g;Gg;ghu;j;jYk;>tpir ,izfuf; Nfhl;ghl;il tha;g;Gg;ghu;j;jYk;>tpir ,izfuf; Nfhl;ghl;il tha;g;Gg;ghu;j;jYk;>tpir ,izfuf; Nfhl;ghl;il tha;g;Gg;ghu;j;jYk;>tpir ,izfuf; Nfhl;ghl;il tha;g;Gg;ghu;j;jYk;>

Nfhl;ghl;ilg; gad;gLj;jpg; nghUnshd;wpd; epiw fhzYk;.Nfhl;ghl;ilg; gad;gLj;jpg; nghUnshd;wpd; epiw fhzYk;.Nfhl;ghl;ilg; gad;gLj;jpg; nghUnshd;wpd; epiw fhzYk;.Nfhl;ghl;ilg; gad;gLj;jpg; nghUnshd;wpd; epiw fhzYk;.Nfhl;ghl;ilg; gad;gLj;jpg; nghUnshd;wpd; epiw fhzYk;.

Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs; : • tpir ,izfu cgfuzj;jpy; fg;gpapy; cuha;T ,Ug;gpd;

mtw;iw ePf;FjYf;fhd rupahd Kiwiag; ngwy;.

• ngwg;gl;l ehg;gk; rupahdjh vdg; gupNrhjpj;jy;.

• jug;gl;Ls;s gFjpfisg; guprPypj;J> %iy kl;lj;ijg;

gad;gLj;jp ,ioapd; nrq;Fj;jhd epiyiar;

nrk;ikahf nts;isj;jhspy; Fwpj;jy;.

• tpir ,izfu cgfuzj;ijg; ghtpj;Jf; Nfhl;ghl;il

tha;g;Gg;ghu;j;jYk;; nghUnshd;wpd; epiw fhzYk;;.

cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk; : tpir ,izfu cgfuzk;> mwpahj; RikAila nghUs;

nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk; (epiw w vd;f)> epiw mwpe;j %d;W Rikfs; ( w1

, w2

, w3 vd;f.) > %iykl;lk; my;yJ jsthbj;Jz;L> miu

kPw;wur;rl;lk;> nts;isj;jhs; (A4), ehd;F Fz; rpfs;.

Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau; ::::: • tpir ,izfu cgfuzj;ijg; guprPypj;Jf; fg;gpfspy;;

cuha;T ,Uf ;f pd ;wdthntdg ; gu pNrhj pf ;Fk ;

Kiwiaf; $wy;.

• rkepiyiag; ngw;wgpd;dH ,J rupahdjh vdg;

gupNrhjpf;Fk; Kiwiaf;$wy;.

• ,ioapd; nrq;Fj;jhd epiyia nts;isj;jhspy;;

Fwpf;Fk; Kiwia mtjhdpj;Jj; N j i t a h d


• tpir ,izfuj;ijg ; G +u ;j ;j p nra;Ak ; NghJ

nghUj;jkhd mstPLfs; njupTnra;ag;gl;Ls;sjh vd

mtjhdpj;Jj; Njitahd mwpTWj;jy;fs; toq;fy;.

• gupNrhjidg; ngWNgW gjpTnra;ag;gl;Ls;sijg;

guprPypf;f.


7


jpUg;gf; (nek;Gf;) Nfhl;ghl;ilg; gad;gLj;jp jpUg;gf; (nek;Gf;) Nfhl;ghl;ilg; gad;gLj;jp jpUg;gf; (nek;Gf;) Nfhl;ghl;ilg; gad;gLj;jp jpUg;gf; (nek;Gf;) Nfhl;ghl;ilg; gad;gLj;jp jpUg;gf; (nek;Gf;) Nfhl;ghl;ilg; gad;gLj;jp

nghUnshd;wpd; epiw fhzy; nghUnshd;wpd; epiw fhzy; nghUnshd;wpd; epiw fhzy; nghUnshd;wpd; epiw fhzy; nghUnshd;wpd; epiw fhzy;

Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs; : • fj ;j pNahuj ;j py ; k Pw ;wu ;f ; Nfhiyr ; rkepiyg ;

gLj;Jtjw;fhd jpwid tpUj;jp nra;jy;.

• thrpg;Gf;fspw;fpilapy; gue;j tPr;irg; ngWk; nghUl;L>

fj;jpNahuj;jpypUe;J epiwfSf;fhd Juq;fisg;

ngwy;.

• ,k;Kiwapdhy; epiw fhz;gJ> kw;iwa KiwfSld;

xg;gpLifapy; ,k;KiwapYs;s nrk;ikia mwpjy;.

• nghUj;jkhd tiuigg; gad;gLj;jpg; nghUspd; epiw

fhzy;.

cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk; : kPw;wu;f;Nfhy;;> fj;jpNahuk;> epiw mwpahg; nghUs;

nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk; (fz;zhb milg;ghd;)> mwpe;j Rik (nghUspd;

epiwf;F mz;zsthfr; rkdhd) > Mjhuk;> ,Nyrhd

,io

Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau; : • fj;jpNahuj;jpy; kPw;wu;f;Nfhy; ehg;gj;jpYs;sjhntdg;

guprPypf;f.

• k Pw ;wu ;f ; Nfhy py ; Rikfisj ; njhq ;ft pl ;L

ehg;gj;jpYs;sjhntdg; guprPypj;Jf; fj;jpNahuk; kPw;wu;

f;Nfhypy;; Muk;g ehg;g epiyapy; itf;fg;glNtz;bajd;

mtrpaj;ijf; $wy;.

• ngwg;gLk; thrpg;Gfspd; cau;> ,opTg; ngWkjpfisg;

guprPypj;J> tPr;irj; njupT nra;tjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs;

toq;fy;.

• nghUj;jkhd tiuigg; gad;gLj;jpg; nghUspd;

epiwiaf; fzpg;gjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs; toq;fy;.


8


U - Fohiag; gad;gLj;jpj; jputq;fspd; mlu;j;jp fis xg;gpLjy;Fohiag; gad;gLj;jpj; jputq;fspd; mlu;j;jp fis xg;gpLjy;Fohiag; gad;gLj;jpj; jputq;fspd; mlu;j;jp fis xg;gpLjy;Fohiag; gad;gLj;jpj; jputq;fspd; mlu;j;jp fis xg;gpLjy;Fohiag; gad;gLj;jpj; jputq;fspd; mlu;j;jp fis xg;gpLjy;

Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs; : • nrk ;ikahd thr p g ;igg ; ngWk ; tifa py ;

cgfuzj;ijr; nrg;gQ; nra;jy;.

• jputg; nghJ ,ilKfk; > jputkl;lk; vd;gtw;wpd;

thrpg;Gfisr; nrk;ikahf msg;gjw;F %iy kl;lk;

gad;gLj;jy;.

• jput epuy;> ePu; epuy; cauq;fSf;Fg; gue;j tPr;Rf;fisg;

ngWtjw;fhf ePH > jput fdtsTfs; njupT nra;jy;.

• nghUj;jkhd tiugpdhy; jputq;fspd; mlu;j;jpfis

xg;gpLjy;.

cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk; : U - Foha;> ,U miu kPw;wu;r;rl;lq;fs;> Njq;fhnaz;nza;>

nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk; ePu;> Mjhuk;> %iykl;lk;

Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau; : • cgfuzk; mikf;fg; ;gl;Ls;sijg; guprPypj;Jj;

Njitahd mwpTWj;jy;fs; toq;;fy;.

• Kjypy; U - Fohapd; xU Gaj;jpDs;Ns Fwpg;gpl;lsT

ePiu ,l;Lg; gpd;du; kw;iwa Gaj;jpDs;Ns Njq;fhna

z;nzia ,Ltjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs; toq;;fy;.

• jputg;nghJ Nkw;gug;G> jput kl;lk; Mfpa thrpg;Gfs;

vLf ;Fk ; t pjj ;ijg ; gu pr Py pj ;Jj ; Njitahd


• nghUj;jkhd tiuigg; gad;gLj;jpj; jputq;fsp;d;

mlu;j;jpfis xg;gpLtjw;F khztHfis

<LgLj;jy;.


9

gupNrhjid ,ygupNrhjid ,ygupNrhjid ,ygupNrhjid ,ygupNrhjid ,y : 08: 08: 08: 08: 08

Vaupd; Ma;fUtpiag; gad;gLj;jp ,U jputq;fspd;Vaupd; Ma;fUtpiag; gad;gLj;jp ,U jputq;fspd;Vaupd; Ma;fUtpiag; gad;gLj;jp ,U jputq;fspd;Vaupd; Ma;fUtpiag; gad;gLj;jp ,U jputq;fspd;Vaupd; Ma;fUtpiag; gad;gLj;jp ,U jputq;fspd;

mlHj;jpfis xg;gpLjy;mlHj;jpfis xg;gpLjy;mlHj;jpfis xg;gpLjy;mlHj;jpfis xg;gpLjy;mlHj;jpfis xg;gpLjy;

Nehf;fq;fsNehf;fq;fsNehf;fq;fsNehf;fq;fsNehf;fq;fs; : • Vaupd; Ma;fUtpapy; Nfhl;ghl;ilr; rupahf tpsq;fpj;

jputq;fspd; mlHj;jpfis xg;gply;.

• ,t; Ma;fUtpapy; nrk;ikahd thrpg;Gfisg;

ngWtjw;fhd jpwid tpUj;jp nra;jy;.

• ,U jputq;fspd; mlHj;jpfis xg;gpLtjw;F Vaupd;;

Ma;fUtpiag; gad;gLj;Jtjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij

mwpjy;.

cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk; : Vaupd; Ma;fUtp> ePu;> nrg;G ry;Ngw;Wf; fiury; my;yJ

nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk; NtW nghUj;jkhd jputk;

Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau; : • Vaupd; Ma;fUtpapy; Nfhl;ghl;ilr; rupahf tpsq;fp

cs;shu;fshntdg; guprPypf;f.

• gupNrhjidf;fhf cgfuzj;ijr; rupahfr; nrg;gQ;nra;a


• Njitahd mstPLfisr; nrk;ikahfg; ngWfpd;whH

fshntd mtjhdpj;J tOitj; jpUj;jy;.

• gupNrhjid thrpg;Gf;fisg; gjpT nra;jiyAk;> ,Wjpf;

fzpg;gPl;ilAk; guprPypf;f.


10


ePukhdpePukhdpePukhdpePukhdpePukhdp/ghuNkw;wg;gl;lghuNkw;wg;gl;lghuNkw;wg;gl;lghuNkw;wg;gl;lghuNkw;wg;gl;l gupNrhjidgupNrhjidgupNrhjidgupNrhjidgupNrhjidf;f;f;f;f; Fohia Fohia Fohia Fohia Fohiag;g;g;g;g; gad;gLj;jp gad;gLj;jp gad;gLj;jp gad;gLj;jp gad;gLj;jpjjjjj

jputnkhd;wpd; mlu;j;jp fhzy;jputnkhd;wpd; mlu;j;jp fhzy;jputnkhd;wpd; mlu;j;jp fhzy;jputnkhd;wpd; mlu;j;jp fhzy;jputnkhd;wpd; mlu;j;jp fhzy;

Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs; : • gupNrhjidf;F kpjg;Gf; Nfhl;ghl;bd; Njitiaf; $wy;.

• gupNrhjidf; Fohia epiyf;Fj;jhf kpjf;fr; nra;tjw;

Fg; nghUj;jkhd jputj;ijAk; msitAk; njupT

nra;jy;.

• Ntzpau; ,Lf;fpkhdpiag; gad;gLj;jpg; gupNrhjidf;

Fohapd; tpl;lj;ij msg;gjw;fhd jpwid tpUj;jp

nra;jy;.

• nghUj;jkhd tiuigg; gad;gLj;jpg; gbj;jpwidAk;>

ntl;Lj; Jz;ilAk; fhzy;.

cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk; : gupNrhjidf; Foha;> caukhd rhb > epiwg;ngl;b> Ntzpau;

nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk; ,Lf;fpkhdp> kpy;ypkPw;wu; mstpil ,lg;gl;Ls;s

fljhrpf;fPyk; > NghJkhdsT jputk;> Fwpj;j msT kzy;

Jfs;fs;

Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau; : • gupNrhjidf;Fj; Njitahd Nfhl;ghl;il khztu;fs;

tpsq;fpAs;shu;fshntdg; guprPypf;f.

• Njitahd mstPLfisr; nrk;ikahfg; ngWfpd;whu;

fshntd mtjhdpf;f.

• tiugpd; gbj;jpwd;> ntl;Lj;Jz;L vd;gtw;iwf;

fhz;gjw;F khztu;fis <LgLj;jy;.

• ngwg;gl;l ngWNgw;iwf; khzth;fSld; fye;Jiu

ahLjy;.


11


vspa Criyg; gad;gLj;jp <u;itapdhyhd MHKLfy; fhzyvspa Criyg; gad;gLj;jp <u;itapdhyhd MHKLfy; fhzyvspa Criyg; gad;gLj;jp <u;itapdhyhd MHKLfy; fhzyvspa Criyg; gad;gLj;jp <u;itapdhyhd MHKLfy; fhzyvspa Criyg; gad;gLj;jp <u;itapdhyhd MHKLfy; fhzy;

Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs; : • Crypd; ePsj;ijf; Fz;bd; <u;g;G ikaj;jpypUe;J

nrk;ikahf msj;jy;.

• khl;Nlw;W Crpia Crypd; xOf;fpw;F mz;ikapy;

mjpjho; Gs;spapy; rupahf ,izj;jy;.

• epWj ;jw ;fbfhuj ;j pd ; ,opntz;zpf ;iff ;Nfw ;g

tOtPjj ;ijf ; Fiwf ;FKfkhf miyTfspd ;

vz;zpf;ifiaj; njupT nra;jy;.

• Criyr; rpwpa Nfhzj;jpw;$lhf miyatpl;L

epWj;jw;fbfhuj;jhy;f; Fwpj;j miyTfSf;fhd

Neuj;ijr; nrk;ikahf msj;jy;.

• gue;jtPr;R thrpg;igg; ngWk; nghUl;L Crypd; ePsj;ijj;;

njupT nra;jy;.

• nghUj;jkhd tiugpdhy; <u;itapdhyhd Mu;KLfy;

fhzy;.

cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk; : vspa Cry;> kPw;wu;r;rl;lk;> epWj;jw;fbfhuk;> khl;Nlw;W

nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk; Crp> Mjhuk;

Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau; : • cgfuzr; nrg;gQ; nra;ifiag; gupNrhjpj;Jj;

Njitahd mwpTWj;jy;fs; toq;fy;.

• rjtPj tOitf; Fiwf;FKfkhf miyTfspd;

vz;zpf;ifiaj; njupT nra;Ak; Kiwiaf; $wy;.

• miyT fhyj;ij msf;Fk; Kiwia mtjhdpj;Jj;


• nghUj;jkhd tiugpdhy; <u ;g ;G Mu;KLfiyf;

fhz;gjw;F khztu;fis <LgLj;jy;.


12


,Nyrhd RUsp tpy; xd;wpy; njhq;ftplg;gl;Ls;s nghUnshd;wpd;;,Nyrhd RUsp tpy; xd;wpy; njhq;ftplg;gl;Ls;s nghUnshd;wpd;;,Nyrhd RUsp tpy; xd;wpy; njhq;ftplg;gl;Ls;s nghUnshd;wpd;;,Nyrhd RUsp tpy; xd;wpy; njhq;ftplg;gl;Ls;s nghUnshd;wpd;;,Nyrhd RUsp tpy; xd;wpy; njhq;ftplg;gl;Ls;s nghUnshd;wpd;;

jpzptpw;Fk; miyT fhyj; jpw;Fkpilapyhd njhlu;igj; Jzpjy;jpzptpw;Fk; miyT fhyj; jpw;Fkpilapyhd njhlu;igj; Jzpjy;jpzptpw;Fk; miyT fhyj; jpw;Fkpilapyhd njhlu;igj; Jzpjy;jpzptpw;Fk; miyT fhyj; jpw;Fkpilapyhd njhlu;igj; Jzpjy;jpzptpw;Fk; miyT fhyj; jpw;Fkpilapyhd njhlu;igj; Jzpjy;

Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs; : • miyT fhyj;ijr; nrk;ikahf msg;gjw;fhf

cgfuzj;ijr; nrg;gQ; nra;jy;.

• mstpLk; Neuj;jpw;fhd tOtPjj;ijf; Fiwf;FKfkhf

miyTfspd; vz;zpf;ifiaj; njupT nra;jy;.

• njhq;ftplg;gl;Ls;s jpzptpw;Nfw;;g miyT fhyj;ijr;

nrk;ikahf msj;jy;.

• nghUj;jkhd tiuigg; gad;gLj;jpj; jpzptpw;Fk;>

Mtu;j;jd fhyj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapyhd njhlu;igg;

ngWjy;.

cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk; : ,Nyrhd RUsp tpy;> 50 g epiwg;gbfs;> epWj;jw;fbfhuk;>

nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk; khl;Nlw;W Crp> Mjhuk;.

Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau; : • cgfuzr; nrg ;gQ; nra;ifia mtjhdpj ;Jj;

Njitahd mwpTiufs; toq;;fy;.

• jug;gl ;l RUsp ;tpy;ypd; tpy; khwpypf ;Nfw;gTk;

epWj;jw;fbfhuj;jpd; ,opntz;zpf;iff;Nfw;gTk;

tOtPjj;ijf; Fiwf;FKfkhf Neuj;ij msg;gjw;Fj;

Njitahd miyTfspd; vz;zpf;ifiaj; njupT

nra;tjw;F khztu;fis <LgLj;jy;.

• MW jpzpTfSf;fhd miyT fhyj;ijf; fzpg;gjw;F

khztu;fis <LgLj;jy;.

• nghUj;jkhd tiugpdhy; jpzptpw;Fk;> miyT

fhyj;jpw;Fkpilapy; cs;s njhlu;igg; ngWtjw;fhd



13


Rukhdpiag; gad;gLj;jp ,irf;fitnahd;wpd; kPbwd; fhzy;Rukhdpiag; gad;gLj;jp ,irf;fitnahd;wpd; kPbwd; fhzy;Rukhdpiag; gad;gLj;jp ,irf;fitnahd;wpd; kPbwd; fhzy;Rukhdpiag; gad;gLj;jp ,irf;fitnahd;wpd; kPbwd; fhzy;Rukhdpiag; gad;gLj;jp ,irf;fitnahd;wpd; kPbwd; fhzy;

Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs; : • toq;fg;gl;Ls;s cgfuzj;jpw;Nfw;gj; Njitahd

fzpaj;ijg; ngWtjw;F khwpfisj; njupT nra;jy;.

• jug ; gl ;Ls ;s k PbwDf ;F Rukhd pf ; fk ;g pia

,irthf;Ftjw;Fj; Njitahd jpwid tpUj;jp

nra;jy;.

• ,iofspd; mjpu;T rk;ge;jkhff; fw;gjw;Fr; Rukhdp

kpf Kf;fpak; vd Vw;Wf; nfhs;sy;.

• nghUj;jkhd tiugpdhy; ,irf;ftupd; kPbwidf;

fhzy;.

cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk; : Rukhdp> kPbwd; njupahj ,irf;fit> miuf;fpNyhfpuhk;

nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk; Rik > Rukhdpapy; ghtpf;fg;gLk; fk;gp > kPw;wuf;Nfhy;>

%d;W Nfhy;j; juhR.

Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau; : • gupNrhjidiar; nrg;gQ; nra;Ak; Kiw rk;ge;jkhd


• mjpUk; ,irf;fitAld; gupTWkhW ghyq;f

spw;;fpilapyhd Juk; nrg;gr ; nra;ag ;gLtij

mtjhdpj;Jj; Njitahd mwpTWj;jy;fs; toq;fy;.

• nghUj;jkhd tiuigg; gad;gLj;jp ,irf;fitapd;;

kPbwidf; fzpg;gjw;F khztu;fis <LgLj;jy;.


14


Rukhdpiag; gad;gLj;jp ,Oitf;Fl;gLj;jg;gl;l mjpUk fk;gpapd;;Rukhdpiag; gad;gLj;jp ,Oitf;Fl;gLj;jg;gl;l mjpUk fk;gpapd;;Rukhdpiag; gad;gLj;jp ,Oitf;Fl;gLj;jg;gl;l mjpUk fk;gpapd;;Rukhdpiag; gad;gLj;jp ,Oitf;Fl;gLj;jg;gl;l mjpUk fk;gpapd;;Rukhdpiag; gad;gLj;jp ,Oitf;Fl;gLj;jg;gl;l mjpUk fk;gpapd;;

kPbwdpw;;Fk; ePsj;jpw;Fk; ,ilap yhd njhlu;igj; Jzpjy;kPbwdpw;;Fk; ePsj;jpw;Fk; ,ilap yhd njhlu;igj; Jzpjy;kPbwdpw;;Fk; ePsj;jpw;Fk; ,ilap yhd njhlu;igj; Jzpjy;kPbwdpw;;Fk; ePsj;jpw;Fk; ,ilap yhd njhlu;igj; Jzpjy;kPbwdpw;;Fk; ePsj;jpw;Fk; ,ilap yhd njhlu;igj; Jzpjy;

Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs; : • toq;fg;gl;Ls;s ,irf;fitfspy; Kjyhtjhfg;

gad;gLj;Jtjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd kPbwDila ,irf;

fitiaj; njupT nra;jy;.

• Kjyhtjhf mbg ;gilr ; Ruj ;ijg ; ngWkhW

ghyq;fspw;;fpilapyhd Juj;ijr; nrg;gQ; nra;jy;.

• ,irf;fitapd; kPbwd; FiwAk; tupirapy; gupNtw;gLk;;

Rukhdpf; fk;gpapd; ePsj;ij msj;jy;.

• nghUj;jkhd tiuigg; gad;gLj;jp kPbwdpw; ;Fk;>

mjpUk; fk;gpapd; ePsj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapyhd njhlu;

igf; fhzy;.

cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk; : Rukhdp> gy ,irf;fitfs;> 2 kg Rik

nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;

Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau; : • KjyhtJ thr p g ; G vLf ;Fk ; NghJ nju pT

nra;ag;gl;Ls;s ,irf;fitapd; kPbwidg; guprPypj;Jj;


• gupT Vw;gLk; epiy rupahdjhntdg; guprPypf;f.

• Kjyhtjhf mbg;gilr; Ruj;ijg; ngWtjw;Fg;

ghyq;fspw;fpilapyhd Juk; nrg;gQ;nra;ag;gl;Ls;sjh

ntd mtjhdpj;Jj; Njitahd mwpTWj;jy;fs;

toq;fy;.

• nghUj;jkhd tiuigg; gad;gLj;jp kPbwdpw; ;Fk;

fk;gpapd; ePsj;jpw;;Fkpilapyhd njhlu;igg; ngWtjw;F



15


xU Kid %lg;gl;l FohiaAk; XH ,irf; fitiaAk; gad;gLj;jpxU Kid %lg;gl;l FohiaAk; XH ,irf; fitiaAk; gad;gLj;jpxU Kid %lg;gl;l FohiaAk; XH ,irf; fitiaAk; gad;gLj;jpxU Kid %lg;gl;l FohiaAk; XH ,irf; fitiaAk; gad;gLj;jpxU Kid %lg;gl;l FohiaAk; XH ,irf; fitiaAk; gad;gLj;jp

tspapy; xypapd; fjp; iaAk; Fohapd; Kidj;jpUj;jj;ijAk; fhzy;tspapy; xypapd; fjp; iaAk; Fohapd; Kidj;jpUj;jj;ijAk; fhzy;tspapy; xypapd; fjp; iaAk; Fohapd; Kidj;jpUj;jj;ijAk; fhzy;tspapy; xypapd; fjp; iaAk; Fohapd; Kidj;jpUj;jj;ijAk; fhzy;tspapy; xypapd; fjp; iaAk; Fohapd; Kidj;jpUj;jj;ijAk; fhzy;

Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs; ::::: • xU Kid %lg;gl;l gupTf;Fohapy; gupTWk; tspepuypd;

epiyiag; gupNrhjid thapyhf mwpjy;.

• mjpUk; ,irf;fitAld; xU Kid %lg;gl;l

FohapYs;s tsp epuy; gupTWk; NghJ cuj;j xyp

Nfl;gij mtjhdpj;jy;.

• ts pa py ; xy pa pd ; fj piaAk ; > Foha pd ;

Kidj;jpUj;jj;ijAk; fhzy;.

cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk; : 2.5 cm tpl;lKilaJk; 50 cm ePsKilaJkhd Foha;>

nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk; ,irf;fitfs;> kPw;wu;f;Nfhy;> caukhd rhb > ePH;> Mjhuk;

Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau; : • ePUs;s rhbapy; ; Fohia mkpo;j;jp xU Kid

%lg ;gl ;Ls ;s gu pTf ; Fohahf khw ;Wtjw ;F


• kPbwd; njupe;j ,irf;fitia mjpur; nra;J>

mbg;gilr; Ruj;jpy; gupTWk; epiyiag; ngWtjw;F


• tspepuypd; ePsj;ij mjpfupj ;J kPz;Lk; gupT

epiyiag; ngWtjw;F mwpTWj;jy;fs; toq;fy;.

• gupT ePsk; rhu;ghf tspapy; xypapd; fjpiaf;

fzpg;;gjw;F mwpTWj;jy;fs; toq;fy;.

• Fohapd ; Kidj;j pUj ;jj ;ijf ; fzpg ; ;gjw ;fhf


• ngwg;gl;lngWNgWfisAk; fzpj;jiyAk; ghpNrhjpf;f.


16


xU Kid %lg;gl;l FohiaAk; gy ,irf; xU Kid %lg;gl;l FohiaAk; gy ,irf; xU Kid %lg;gl;l FohiaAk; gy ,irf; xU Kid %lg;gl;l FohiaAk; gy ,irf; xU Kid %lg;gl;l FohiaAk; gy ,irf; fitfisAk; gad;gLj;jpfitfisAk; gad;gLj;jpfitfisAk; gad;gLj;jpfitfisAk; gad;gLj;jpfitfisAk; gad;gLj;jp

tspapy; xypapd; fjpiaAk;tspapy; xypapd; fjpiaAk;tspapy; xypapd; fjpiaAk;tspapy; xypapd; fjpiaAk;tspapy; xypapd; fjpiaAk; Fohapd; Kidj;jpUj;jj;ijAk; fhzy; Fohapd; Kidj;jpUj;jj;ijAk; fhzy; Fohapd; Kidj;jpUj;jj;ijAk; fhzy; Fohapd; Kidj;jpUj;jj;ijAk; fhzy; Fohapd; Kidj;jpUj;jj;ijAk; fhzy;

Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs; : • gy ,irf;fitfs; jug;gl;Ls;sNghJ xt;nthU

,irf;fitfSf;Fkhd mbg;gilahd gupT epiy

fisg; gupNrhjid thapyhf mwpjy;.

• nghUj;jkhd tiuigg; gad;gLj;jp tspapy; xypapd;;

fjpiaAk; Fohapd; Kidj;jpUj;jj;ijAk; fhzy;.

cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk; : 2.5 cm tpl;lKilaJk; 50 cm ePsKilaJkhd Foha;>

nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk; ,irf;fitfs;> kPw;wuf;Nfhy;;> caukhd rhb > ePH;> Mjhuk;

Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau; : • ,irf;fitfspy; kPbwd; $ba ,irf;fitia mjpur;

nra;J> tsp epuypd; ,opT ePsj;jpypUe;J ePsj;ij

mjpfupj;J KjyhtJ gupT epiyf;F xj;j tsp epuypd;

ePsj;ij msg;gjw;F khztu;fis <LgLj;jy;.

• kPbwd; FiwAk; tupirapy; ,irf;fitfSld;

mbg;gilg; gupT ePsj;ij msg;gjw;F khztu;fis

<LgLj;jy;.

• nghUj;jkhd tiuig tiue;J tspapy; xypapd;

fjpiaAk; Fohapd; Kidj;jpUj;jj;ijAk; fzpg;;gjw;F


• tspapy; xypapd; fjpf ;Fg ; ngwg;gl;l ngWkjp

mt;ntg;gepiyapy; tspapy; xypapd; fjpapd;; cz;ikg;

ngWkjpAld; khWk; tOtPjj;ijf; fzpg;;gjw;F



17

gggggupNrhjid ,yupNrhjid ,yupNrhjid ,yupNrhjid ,yupNrhjid ,y ::::: 1 61 61 61616

efUk; EZf;Ff;fhl;biaAk; fz;zhbf; Fw;wp iaAk;efUk; EZf;Ff;fhl;biaAk; fz;zhbf; Fw;wp iaAk;efUk; EZf;Ff;fhl;biaAk; fz;zhbf; Fw;wp iaAk;efUk; EZf;Ff;fhl;biaAk; fz;zhbf; Fw;wp iaAk;efUk; EZf;Ff;fhl;biaAk; fz;zhbf; Fw;wp iaAk; gad;gLj;jpf; gad;gLj;jpf; gad;gLj;jpf; gad;gLj;jpf; gad;gLj;jpf;

fz;zhbapd; KwpTr;Rl;b fhzy;fz;zhbapd; KwpTr;Rl;b fhzy;fz;zhbapd; KwpTr;Rl;b fhzy;fz;zhbapd; KwpTr;Rl;b fhzy;fz;zhbapd; KwpTr;Rl;b fhzy;

Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs; : • cz;ik Mok;> Njhw;w Mok; Mfpad %yk;

jputpaj;jpd; KwpTr;Rl;b fzpg; ;gjw;fhd mwpitg;

gad;gLj;jpr; nrt;tf tbthd fz;zhbf; Fw;wpapd;

KwpTr;Rl;b fhzy;.

• efUk; EZf;Ff;fhl;biar; rupahfg; gad;gLj;J

tjw;fhd jpwid tpUj;jp nra;jy;.

• ntt;Ntwhd e Psq;fis kpfTk; nrk ;ikahf

msg;gjw;F efUk; EZf;Ff;fhl;b gad;gLj;jypd;

Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij mwpjy;.

cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk; : nrt;tf tbthd fz;zhbf; Fw;wp> efUk; EZf;Ff;fhl;b>

nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk; nts;isj;jhs;

Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau; : • gu pNrhjidf;fhd Nfhl ;ghl ;bid khztu;fs;

tpsq;fpAs;shu;fshntdg; guPl;rpj;jy;.

• gu p Nrhjidia xOq ;FKiwa py ; ru pahfr ;

nra;fpd;whHfshntd mtjhdpj;J> tOf;fisr;

rPuhf;Fjy;.

• gjpT nra;ag;gl;l ngWNgw;iw guPl;rpj;jy;.


18


mupaj;jpDlhd fjpupd; tpyfiyg; gupNrhjid uPjpapy; Ma;Tmupaj;jpDlhd fjpupd; tpyfiyg; gupNrhjid uPjpapy; Ma;Tmupaj;jpDlhd fjpupd; tpyfiyg; gupNrhjid uPjpapy; Ma;Tmupaj;jpDlhd fjpupd; tpyfiyg; gupNrhjid uPjpapy; Ma;Tmupaj;jpDlhd fjpupd; tpyfiyg; gupNrhjid uPjpapy; Ma;T

nra;jYk; mupaj;jpd; ,opT tpyfw;; Nfhzk; fhzYk;nra;jYk; mupaj;jpd; ,opT tpyfw;; Nfhzk; fhzYk;nra;jYk; mupaj;jpd; ,opT tpyfw;; Nfhzk; fhzYk;nra;jYk; mupaj;jpd; ,opT tpyfw;; Nfhzk; fhzYk;nra;jYk; mupaj;jpd; ,opT tpyfw;; Nfhzk; fhzYk;

Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs; : • mupaj;jpDL KwptilAk; fjpupd; tpyfyhdJ

gLNfhzj;Jld; khWk; tpjj;ijf; fjpH tupg;glj;jpdhy;

tpsf;Fjy;.

• Fz;^rpfisg; gad;gLj;jpf ; fjpupd; ghijia

tiutjw;fhd jpwid tpUj;jp nra;jy;.

• j p ut paj ;j pd ; Kw pTr ; Rl ; biaf ; fzpg ; gjw ;F

tpj;jpahrkhd Kiwfisg; gad;gLj;jyhk; vd;gij

Vw;Wf;nfhs;sy;.

cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk; : mupak; > nts;isj;jhs;> Fz;^rpfs;> tiujw;gyif>

nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk; kPw;wu;f;Nfhy;> ghifkhdp

Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau; : • gupNrhjidf;fhd Kiwfis khztu;fs; tpsq;fp

As;shu;fshntdf; fz;lwpjy;.

• gupNrhjidf;Fg; gy gLNfhzq;fisg; ngWtjw;Fg;

nghUj;jkhd tupg;gl Kiwnahd;iwf; $wy;.

• Fz; rpfisg; gad;gLj;jpf; fjpupd;; ghijiag; ngWk;

Kiwiaf; $wy;.

• gupNrhjidf;Fg; gpd;du; tiuag;gl;l fjpu; tupg;glj;ijg;

guPl;rpj;jy;.

• gupNrhjid gjpag;gl;l gpd;dH tiuag;gl;l tiuigAk;

fzpg;igAk; guPl;rpj;jy;.


19


mtjpf;Nfhz Kiwapdhy; mupaj; jputpaj;jpd; KwpTr;Rl;bJzpjy;mtjpf;Nfhz Kiwapdhy; mupaj; jputpaj;jpd; KwpTr;Rl;bJzpjy;mtjpf;Nfhz Kiwapdhy; mupaj; jputpaj;jpd; KwpTr;Rl;bJzpjy;mtjpf;Nfhz Kiwapdhy; mupaj; jputpaj;jpd; KwpTr;Rl;bJzpjy;mtjpf;Nfhz Kiwapdhy; mupaj; jputpaj;jpd; KwpTr;Rl;bJzpjy;

Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs; : • j p ut paj ;j pd ; Kw pTr ; Rl ; biaf ; fzpg ; gjw ;F

tpj;jpahrkhd Kiwfisg; gad;gLj;jyhk; vd;gij

Vw;Wf;nfhs;sy;.

• njupT nra;ag;gl;l Kiwiag; ghtpj;Jj; jputpaj;jpd;

KwpTr;Rl;biaf; fhzy;.

• Fz;^rpfisg; gad;gLj;jp xspf;fjpupd; ghijia

tiutjw;fhd jpwid tpUj;jp nra;jy;.

• KwpTr; Rl;biaf; fzpg;gjw;fhd tpj;jpahrkhd

Kiwfis xg;gpl;L mtw;iw Vw;Wf;nfhs;sy;.

cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk; : mupak;> tiujw;gyif > nts;isj;jhs;> Fz;^rpfs;>

nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk; ghifkhdp> kPw;wHf;Nfhy;

Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau; : • gupNrhjidf; Nfhl;ghl;il khztu;fs; tpsq;;fpAs;shu;fsh

ntdg; guPl;rpj;jy;.

• gupNrhjid nra;j gpd;du; mikg;Gfis tiutjw;Fj;

Njitahd mwpTWj;jy;fis toq;fy;.

• nra;ag;gl;l gupNrhjidapy; tiuag;gl;l fjpu ;

tupg;glj;ijg; guPl;rpj;jy;.

• gupNrhjidg; gjpitg; gw;wpf; fye;JiuahLf.


20


jpUrpakhdpiar; nrg;gQ;nra;jYk; mupaf;Nfhzk; JzpjYk;jpUrpakhdpiar; nrg;gQ;nra;jYk; mupaf;Nfhzk; JzpjYk;jpUrpakhdpiar; nrg;gQ;nra;jYk; mupaf;Nfhzk; JzpjYk;jpUrpakhdpiar; nrg;gQ;nra;jYk; mupaf;Nfhzk; JzpjYk;jpUrpakhdpiar; nrg;gQ;nra;jYk; mupaf;Nfhzk; JzpjYk;

Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs; : • jpUrpakhdpapYs;s gFjpfis ngahply;.

• njhiyfhl;biar; rkhe;juf; fjpHfisg; ngWtjw;Fr;

nrg;gQ;nra;jy;.

• NeHtupirahf;fpiaAk; gpsitAk; nrg;gQ;nra;jy;.

• mupaNkiria kl;lkhf;fy;.

• mupaNkir kPJ mupaj;ijj; jpUj;jkhf itj;jy;.

• mupaj;jpd; nghUj;jkhd Nkw;gug;gpy; njwpg;gpdhy;

cUthFk;; gpstpd; tpk;gj;ij mtjhdpj;J NtzpaH

mstpil thrpg;G vLj;jy;.

• ngwg;gl;l mstPLfs;; %yk; mupaf;Nfhzk; fhzy;.

cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk; : jpUrpakhdp > rkgf;f mupak;> xsp Kjy; (,io kpd;Fkpo;)


Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau; : • njhiyfhl ;ba py ; rkhe ;ju xspf ;fw ;iwiag ;

ngWtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs; toq;fy;.

• NeHtupirahf;fp jpUj;jkhfr; nrg;gQ;nra;ag;gl;Ls;s

jhntdg; guPl;rpj;Jj; Njitahd mwpTWj;jy;fis

toq;fy;.

• mupaNkiria kl;lkhf;Ftjw;Fj; Njitahd


• NtzpaH mstpila pd ; thr pg ;igr ; ru pahf

mtjhdpg;gjw;F khztHfis newpg;gLj;jy;.

• ngwg;gl;l thrpg;Gf;fs; rhHghf mupaf;Nfhzj;ijf;

fzpg;gjw;F mwpTWj;jy;fs; toq;fp ,Wjpf; fzpg;igg;

guPl;rpj;jy;.


21


jpUrpakhdpiag; gad;gLj;jp; ,opT tpyfw;Nfhzk; JzpjYk; mupak;jpUrpakhdpiag; gad;gLj;jp; ,opT tpyfw;Nfhzk; JzpjYk; mupak;jpUrpakhdpiag; gad;gLj;jp; ,opT tpyfw;Nfhzk; JzpjYk; mupak;jpUrpakhdpiag; gad;gLj;jp; ,opT tpyfw;Nfhzk; JzpjYk; mupak;jpUrpakhdpiag; gad;gLj;jp; ,opT tpyfw;Nfhzk; JzpjYk; mupak;

Mf;fg;gl;Ls;s jputpaj;jpd; KwpTr;Rl;b fhzYk;Mf;fg;gl;Ls;s jputpaj;jpd; KwpTr;Rl;b fhzYk;Mf;fg;gl;Ls;s jputpaj;jpd; KwpTr;Rl;b fhzYk;Mf;fg;gl;Ls;s jputpaj;jpd; KwpTr;Rl;b fhzYk;Mf;fg;gl;Ls;s jputpaj;jpd; KwpTr;Rl;b fhzYk;

Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs; : • mupaj;jpy; KwptilAk; fjpupd; gLNfhzj;Jld;

tpyfw;Nfhzk; khWk; tpjj;ij mwpjy;.

• nrg;gQ;nra;ag;gl;l jpUrpakhdpiag; gad;gLj;jp

mupaj;jpd; gLNfhzj;ijf; fhZk; jpwid tpUj;jp

nra;jy;.

• ngwg;gl;l ,opT tpyfw;Nfhzj;ijAk; mupaf;

Nfhzj;ijAk; gad;gLj;jp mupak; Mf;fg;gl;l

j putpaj ;j pd ; KwpTr ;Rl ;biaf; fzpg ;gjw ;fhd

Nfhl;ghl;il tpsf;Fjy;.

cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk; : nrg;gQ;nra;ag;gl;l jpUrpakhdp > rkgf;f mupak;>

nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk; Nrhba tpsf;F my;yJ Nrhbar; RlH

Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau; : • mupaj;ij mupaNkirapd; kPJ nghUj;jkhd Kiwapy;

itj;J ,opT tpyfw;Nfhzj;ijf; fhz;gjw;fhf

mupaNkiriaj; jpUg;Gk;NghJ tpk;gj;ijj; njhlHe;J

mtjhdpg;gjw;Fj; njhiyfhl;biaj; jpUg;Gtjw;fhd


• ,opT tpyfy; epiyapYk; gpd;dH mupaj;ij mfw;wp

NeubahfTk; gpstpd; tpk;gk; njupAk; NghJ nrk;ik

ahf thrpg;Gf;fis mstpLtjw;F khztHfis

newpg;gLj;jy;.

• fzpj;jiyAk; ngWNgw;iwAk; guPl;rpj;jy;.


22

gupNrhjid ,ygupNrhjid ,ygupNrhjid ,ygupNrhjid ,ygupNrhjid ,y 2121212121(I)

(xUf;F)(xUf;F)(xUf;F)(xUf;F)(xUf;F)FFFFFtttttpT tpy;iyapy; tpk;gj;jpd; epiyiapT tpy;iyapy; tpk;gj;jpd; epiyiapT tpy;iyapy; tpk;gj;jpd; epiyiapT tpy;iyapy; tpk;gj;jpd; epiyiapT tpy;iyapy; tpk;gj;jpd; epiyiag;g;g;g;g; nghUe;jr; nra; nghUe;jr; nra; nghUe;jr; nra; nghUe;jr; nra; nghUe;jr; nra;ififififif

KiwapdhyKiwapdhyKiwapdhyKiwapdhyKiwapdhy; fhz;gJld; tpy;iyapd; Ftpaj;Juj;ijAk; fhzy;; fhz;gJld; tpy;iyapd; Ftpaj;Juj;ijAk; fhzy;; fhz;gJld; tpy;iyapd; Ftpaj;Juj;ijAk; fhzy;; fhz;gJld; tpy;iyapd; Ftpaj;Juj;ijAk; fhzy;; fhz;gJld; tpy;iyapd; Ftpaj;Juj;ijAk; fhzy;

Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs; : • FtpT tpy;iyapdhy; cUthFk; nghUspd; kha> nka;

tpk;gq;fis NtWgLj;jpf; fz;lwpAk; tpjj;ij

tpsf;;fy;.

• nghUe;jr; nra;tjd; %yk;; nka;tpk;gj;jpd; epiyiaf;

fz;lwpjy;.

• jsthbiag; gad;gLj;jp guitapd;ik ,d;wpg;

nghUe;jr; nra;tjd; %yk; khatpk;g epiyiaf;

fz;lwpjy;

• ntt;NtW nghUs;j;; Juq;fSf;nfhj;j nka; tpk;gj;

Juj;ijg; ngw;Wg; nghUj;jkhd tiuG Kiwapdhy;

tpy;iyapd; Ftpaj;Juk; fhzy;.

• ngwg;gl;l ngWNgWfs; rupahdjhntdg; guprPypj;jy;.

cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk; : Mjhuj;jpy; itf;fg;gl;Ls;s FtpTtpy;iy> ,U khl;Nlw;W

nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk; Crpfs;> kPw;wu;f;Nfhy;> jsthbj;Jz;L

Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau; : • cgfuzk; nrg;gQ; nra;ag;gLtjw;Fk; nka;/kha

tpk;gq;fis milahsk; fhz;gjw;Fkhd


• guitapd;ikapd;wpa Kiwapy; nghUj;jr; nra;tjd;

,lu;ghl;il eptu;j;jp nra;J nfhLj;jy;.

• gupNrhjidg; gjpit mtjhdpj;J VNjDk; tOf;fisj;

jpUj;jpf; nfhs;tjw;F topfhl;Ljy;.


23

gupNrhjidgupNrhjidgupNrhjidgupNrhjidgupNrhjid 2121212121(II)

tpup (FopT) tpy;iyapd; tpk;gj;jpd; epiyia mwpjYk; mjd;tpup (FopT) tpy;iyapd; tpk;gj;jpd; epiyia mwpjYk; mjd;tpup (FopT) tpy;iyapd; tpk;gj;jpd; epiyia mwpjYk; mjd;tpup (FopT) tpy;iyapd; tpk;gj;jpd; epiyia mwpjYk; mjd;tpup (FopT) tpy;iyapd; tpk;gj;jpd; epiyia mwpjYk; mjd;

Ftpaj;Juk; JzpjYk;Ftpaj;Juk; JzpjYk;Ftpaj;Juk; JzpjYk;Ftpaj;Juk; JzpjYk;Ftpaj;Juk; JzpjYk;

Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs; : • FtpTt py ;iya pdhy ; cUthFk ; t pk ; gj ;j pd ;

epiyiaAk; mtw;wpd; ,ay;igAk; mwpjy;.

• jsthbiag; gad;gLj;jp guitapd;ikapd;wpg ;

nghUe;jy; nra;ifapdhy; tpk;gj;jpd; epiyiaf;

fz;lwpjy;.

• tpj;jpahrkhd nghUs; Juq;fSf;F tpk;g Juq;fisf;

mse;J> nghUj;jkhd tiugpdhy; tpy;iyapd;

Ftpaj;Juj;ijf;; fhzy;.

• ngwg;gl;l ngWNgw;wpd; jpUj;jj;ij mwpjy;.

cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk; : FopTtpy;iy> jsthb> ,U Fz;^rpfs;> kPw;wHf;Nfhy;>

nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk; Mjhuk;> jsthbj; Jz;L

Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau; : • cgfuzq;fisj; njhlHGgLj;Jtjw;Fk; tpk;gj;ij

,dq;fhz;gjw;Fk;> gupr Pypg ;gjw;Fk; Njitahd


• gupNrhjid nra;Ak;NghJ guitapd;ikapd;wpg ;

nghUe;jy; nra;tjpy; cs;s ,lHghl;ilr; rupnra;jy;.

• gupNrhjidg; gjpit mtjhdpj;J FiwghLfisr;

Rl;bf;fhl;br; rupnra;jy;.


24


,wFf; Fohiag; gad;gLj;jp tspkz;ly mKf;fk; fhzy;,wFf; Fohiag; gad;gLj;jp tspkz;ly mKf;fk; fhzy;,wFf; Fohiag; gad;gLj;jp tspkz;ly mKf;fk; fhzy;,wFf; Fohiag; gad;gLj;jp tspkz;ly mKf;fk; fhzy;,wFf; Fohiag; gad;gLj;jp tspkz;ly mKf;fk; fhzy;

Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs; : • ,yFthf thrpg;igg; ngWk; nghUl;L cgfuzj;ijr;

nrg;gQ; nra;jy;.

• khw;wq;fspw;fpilapy; gue;j tPr;irg; ngWk; nghUl;L

thrpg;Gf;fisg; ngwy;.

• Nghapypd; Ma;fUtpAld; xg;gpLifapy; Fiwe;j

nrytpYk; rpwpjsT ,urj;jpYk; ,g;gupNrhjidiar;

nra;ayhk; vd Vw;Wf; nfhs;sy;.

• Neu;Nfhl;L tiuigg; ngWtjw;F khwpfisj; njupT

nra;J nghUj;jkhd tiugpdhy; tspkz;ly mKf;f

j;ijf; fhzy;.

cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk; : ,wFf; Foha;> kPw;wu;r;rl;lk;> Mjhuk;


Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau; : • cgfuzk; rupahfr; nrg;gQ; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sjhntd

mtjhdpj;Jj; Njitahd mwpTWj;jy;fs; toq;;fy;.

• thrpg;Gf;fisg; ngWtij mtjhdpj;J> tOf;fs;;

,Ug;gpd; ePf;Fjy;.

• nghUj;jkhd tiuigg; gad;gLj;jp tspkz;ly

mKf;fj;ijf; fzpg; ;gjw;F khztu;fis newpg;

gLj;Jjy;.


25


khwh mKf;fj;jpy; thAnthd;wpd; fdtstpw;;Fk; ntg;gepiyf;Fk;khwh mKf;fj;jpy; thAnthd;wpd; fdtstpw;;Fk; ntg;gepiyf;Fk;khwh mKf;fj;jpy; thAnthd;wpd; fdtstpw;;Fk; ntg;gepiyf;Fk;khwh mKf;fj;jpy; thAnthd;wpd; fdtstpw;;Fk; ntg;gepiyf;Fk;khwh mKf;fj;jpy; thAnthd;wpd; fdtstpw;;Fk; ntg;gepiyf;Fk;

,ilapyhd njhlu;ig Muha;jy;,ilapyhd njhlu;ig Muha;jy;,ilapyhd njhlu;ig Muha;jy;,ilapyhd njhlu;ig Muha;jy;,ilapyhd njhlu;ig Muha;jy;

Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs; : • thrpg;Gfisg; ngWk; ntg;gepiy tPr;Rf;fspy; thA

epuy; njhlu;e;J ePupy; ,Uf;FkhW cgfuzj;ijr;

rupahfr; nrg;gQ; nra;jy;.

• thrpg;Gf;fis ngWk;NghJ> ePupd; ntg;gepiyia

khwhky; NgZtjw;fhd jpwidg; ngwy;.

• nghUj;jkhd tiugpdhy; thAtpd; fdtstpw;Fk;>

ntg;gepiyf;Fk; ,ilapyhd njhlu;igg; ngwy;.

cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk; : ,urj;Jspahy; milf;fg;gl;l cyu; tspiaf; nfhz;Ls;s

nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk; xLq;fpa rPuhd xU Kid %lg;gl;l Foha;> ntg;gkhdp>

ePu; cs;s ghj;jpuk;> fyf;fp> gd;rd; RluLg;G > gb Mjhuk;>

Kf;fhyp

Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau; : • vy;yh thrpg ;Gf;fisAk; ngwf;$ba tifapy;

cgfuzQ; nrg;gQ; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sjhntdg; gupNrh

jpj;Jj; Njitahd mwpTWj;jy;fs; toq;fy;.

• thrpg;Gf;fisg; ngWk;NghJ rupahd xOq;F Kiwfs;

ifahsg;gLfpd;wdthntd mtjhdpj ;Jj; Njit

ahd mwpTWj;jy;fs; toq;fy;.

• nghUj;jkhd tiugpdhy; thAtpd; fdtstpw;;Fk;

ntg;gepiyf;Fk; ,ilapyhd njhlu;igg; ngWtjw;F

khztu;fis newpg;gLj;Jjy;.


26


khwhf; fdtstpy;; thAnthd;wpd; mKf;fj;jpw;Fk;khwhf; fdtstpy;; thAnthd;wpd; mKf;fj;jpw;Fk;khwhf; fdtstpy;; thAnthd;wpd; mKf;fj;jpw;Fk;khwhf; fdtstpy;; thAnthd;wpd; mKf;fj;jpw;Fk;khwhf; fdtstpy;; thAnthd;wpd; mKf;fj;jpw;Fk;

ntg;gepiyf;Fk; ,ilapyhd njhlu;ig Muha;jy;ntg;gepiyf;Fk; ,ilapyhd njhlu;ig Muha;jy;ntg;gepiyf;Fk; ,ilapyhd njhlu;ig Muha;jy;ntg;gepiyf;Fk; ,ilapyhd njhlu;ig Muha;jy;ntg;gepiyf;Fk; ,ilapyhd njhlu;ig Muha;jy;

Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs; : • khwh fdtsT thA cgfuzj;jpd; Fkpo; Kw;whf ePupy;

mkpo;e;jpUf;FkhW nrg;gQ; nra;jy;.

• thrpg;Gf;fisg; ngWk; Kd; ePupd; ntg;gepiyia

khwhky; NgZtjw;fhd jpwidg; ngwy;.

• Fkpo pa pYs;s thAtpd ; fdtsit khwhky ;

itj;jpUg;gjw;fhd jpwidg; ngwy;.

• nghUj;jkhd tiuigg; gad;gLj;j p thAtpd;

mKf;fj ;j pw ;Fk; ntg;gepiyf;Fk; ,ilapyhd

njhlu;igg; ngwy;.

cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk; : khwh fdtsT thA cgfuzk; > ntg;gkhdp> ePUs;s

nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk; caukhd Kfit> fyf;fp> gd;rd; RluLg;G > Kf;fhyp

Mrpupau; mwpTiufs;Mrpupau; mwpTiufs;Mrpupau; mwpTiufs;Mrpupau; mwpTiufs;Mrpupau; mwpTiufs; : • ,yFthf thrpg;Gf;fis ngWk; tifapy; cgfuzQ;

nrg;gQ; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sjhntd mtjhdpj;Jj; Njit

ahd mwpTiufs; toq;fy;.

• thrpg;G vLf;Fk; NghJ rupahd xOq;F Kiwfs;

ifahsg;gLfpd;wjhntd mtjhdpj;Jj; Njitahd

mwpTiufs; toq;fy;.

• nghUj;jkhd tiuigg; gad;gLj;j p thAtpd;

mKf;fj ;j pw ;Fk; ntg;gepiyf;Fk; ,ilapyhd

njhlu;igg; ngWtjw;F khztu;fis <LgLj;jy;.

27


fyit Kiwapdhy;j; jpz;knkhd;wpd; jd;ntg;gf;fyit Kiwapdhy;j; jpz;knkhd;wpd; jd;ntg;gf;fyit Kiwapdhy;j; jpz;knkhd;wpd; jd;ntg;gf;fyit Kiwapdhy;j; jpz;knkhd;wpd; jd;ntg;gf;fyit Kiwapdhy;j; jpz;knkhd;wpd; jd;ntg;gf;

nfhs;ssitj; Jzpjy;nfhs;ssitj; Jzpjy;nfhs;ssitj; Jzpjy;nfhs;ssitj; Jzpjy;nfhs;ssitj; Jzpjy;

Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs; : • ntg;gkhd jpz;kj;Jld; Fspuhd jputj;ijf; fyf;Fk;

NghJ Vw;gLk; ntg;gg;gupkhw;wk; gw;wp tpsf;;Fjy;.

• ntg;gg; gupkhw;wj;ijg; gad;gLj;jpj; jpz;knkhd;wpd;

jd;ntg;gf; nfhs;ssT Jzpjy;.

• gupNrhjidapy; vw;gLk; tOf;fisf; Fiwg;gjw;F

Nkw;nfhs;Sk; Kw;fhg ;Gf;fis ntw;wpfukhfr;

nraw;gLj;jy;.

• ,k; Kw;fhg;Gf;fshy; ,Wjpg; ngWNgw;wpd; nrk;ikiar;

$l;Ljy;.

cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk; : fNyhupkhdp> fyf;fp> epf;fy;rd; ntg;gkhf;fp my;yJ ePuhtpg;

nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk; gpwg;ghf;fp (my;yJ FohAld; ntg;gkhf;fp )> rpy <ar;

rd;dq;fs;> ePu;> ehd;F Nfhy;j; juhR

Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau; : • gupNrhjid nra;Ak; Kiwia khztHfs; rupahf

tpsq;fpAs;shu;fshntdg; guPl;rpj;jy;.

• tOf;fisf; Fiwg ;gjw ;fhd topfhl ;ly ;fis

toq;Fjy;. fyf;Fk; NghJ #oYf;fhd ntg;g ,og;ig

,opthf;Fjy; rk;ge;jkhd tpN\l mtjhdj;ijf;

$wy;.

• ngWNgw;wpd; gjpitg; guprPypj;J ntg;g ,og;igAk; ntg;g

eaj;ijAk; rkg ;gLj;Jtjw;fhd rkd ;ghl ;bd ;

jpUj;jj;ij tpNrlkhff; $wy;.

• jpz;kj;jpd; jd;ntg;gf; nfhs;sstpw;F khztu; ngw;w

ngWkhdj ;j pw ;F tOt Pjj ;ijf ; fzpg ; ; gjw ;F

mwpTWj;jy;fs; toq;fy;;.


28


Fspuy; Kiwahy;j; jputnkhd;wpd; jd;ntg;gf; nfhs;ssT Jzpjy;Fspuy; Kiwahy;j; jputnkhd;wpd; jd;ntg;gf; nfhs;ssT Jzpjy;Fspuy; Kiwahy;j; jputnkhd;wpd; jd;ntg;gf; nfhs;ssT Jzpjy;Fspuy; Kiwahy;j; jputnkhd;wpd; jd;ntg;gf; nfhs;ssT Jzpjy;Fspuy; Kiwahy;j; jputnkhd;wpd; jd;ntg;gf; nfhs;ssT Jzpjy;

Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs; : • nghUj ;jkhd mstpil nju pT nra ;ag ;gl ;L

ntg;gepiyf;Fk; Neuj;jpw;Fkhd tiuG tiujy;.

• fNyhupkhdpapYs;s jputk; rPuhff; fyf;Ftjd;

Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij tpsf;Fjy;.

• ,k;Kiwapy; ntg;gk; ,of;fg;gLk; tPjk; Kf;fpakhf

Nkw;fhTifapYk;> fjpu;g;gpYk; jq;fpAs;sJ vd;gijf;

$wy;.

• tiuigg; gad;gLj;jpj ; jputj;jpd; jd;ntg;gf;

nfhs;ssT Jzpjy;.

cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk; : GwNkw;gug;Gf; fUikahf;fg;gl;l fNyhupkhdp (%b> fyf;fp

nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk; Ald;) > ,U cNyhfg; ghj;jpuq;fs; (tpj;jpahrkhd

msTs;s)> ePUs;s ghj;jpuk;> jputKs;s ghj;jpuk; >

ntg;gkhdp> epWj;jw;fbfhuk;> %d;W Nfhy;j;juhR>

fNyhupkhdpapd; %bapYs;s ,U Jisfspw;;fpilapyhd

Juj;jpw;Fr; rkdhd Juj;jpy; Jisaplg;gl;l jbj;j

kl;ilj;Jz;L.

Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau; : • khwhr ; #oy ; ntg ;ge piyiag ; NgZtjd ;

Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij tpsq;;fpAs;shu;fshntdg; guPl;rpj;jy;.

• fy;tNdhkhdpapd; ntspNkw;gug;igf; fUikahf;

Ftjd; NjitiaAk; jputKk; ePUk; rkfdtsT

vLg;gjw;fhd NjitiaAk; tpsf;fy;.


29


fyit Kiwapdhy; gdpf;fl;bapd; cUfypd; jd;kiwntg;gk; Jzpjy;.fyit Kiwapdhy; gdpf;fl;bapd; cUfypd; jd;kiwntg;gk; Jzpjy;.fyit Kiwapdhy; gdpf;fl;bapd; cUfypd; jd;kiwntg;gk; Jzpjy;.fyit Kiwapdhy; gdpf;fl;bapd; cUfypd; jd;kiwntg;gk; Jzpjy;.fyit Kiwapdhy; gdpf;fl;bapd; cUfypd; jd;kiwntg;gk; Jzpjy;.

Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs; : • gdpf;fl;biaAk; ePiuAk; fyg;gjdhy; Vw;gLk; ntg;gg;

gupkhw;wj;ij tpsf;fy;.

• ntg;gg; gupkhw;wj;ijg; gad;gLj;jpg; gdpf;fl;bapd;

cUfypd; jd;kiw ntg;gk; Jzpjy;.

• ,t;thW fhZk;NghJ Vw;glf;$ba gupNrhjid

tOitf; Fiwg;gjw;fhd Kw;fhg;Gf;fis mwpjy;.

• gdpfl;bapd; cUfypd; jd;kiwntg;gj;jpw;Fg; ngwg;gl;l

ngWkhdk; nghUj;jkhdjhntd xg;gply;.

cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk; : fNyhupkhdp> fyf;fp> ntg;gkhdp> ePu ;> gdpf;fl;bj;

nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk; Jz;Lfs;> rpy tb jhs;fs;> %d;W Nfhy;j;juhR

Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau; : • gupNrhjidapy; Vw;glf;$ba tOf;fis mwpe;J

mtw;iwf; Fiwg;gjw;fhd topKiwfs; nra;ag;

gl;Ls;sjhntd mtjhdpf;f.

• ngWNgw;wpd; gjpitAk; fzpg;Gr; rupahdjhntdTk;

guPl;rpj;jy;.

• gdpf;fl;bapd; cUfypd; jd;kiwntg;gj;jpw;Fg;

ngwg;gl;l ngWkhdk; nghUj;jkhd ngWkhdk; vd

xg;gpLtw;F mwpTWj;jy; toq;fy;.


30


fyit Kiwapdhy; ePupd; Mtpahjypfyit Kiwapdhy; ePupd; Mtpahjypfyit Kiwapdhy; ePupd; Mtpahjypfyit Kiwapdhy; ePupd; Mtpahjypfyit Kiwapdhy; ePupd; Mtpahjypd; jd; kiw ntg;gk; d; jd; kiw ntg;gk; d; jd; kiw ntg;gk; d; jd; kiw ntg;gk; d; jd; kiw ntg;gk; Jzpjy;Jzpjy;Jzpjy;Jzpjy;Jzpjy;

Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs; : • ePuhtpAk;> ePUk; fyf;fg;gLtjhy; Vw;gLk; ntg;gg;

gupkhw;wj;ij tpsf;;fy;;.

• ,t;ntg;gg;gupkhw;wj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp ePupd; Mtpahjypd;

jd;kiw ntg;gj;ijg; gupNrhjid %yk; Jzpjy;.

• gupNrhjidapy; Vw;gLk; tOf;fis ,opthf;Ftjw;F

Nkw;nfhs;Sk; Kw;fhg;Gf;fis mwpjy;;.

• ePupd; Mtpahjypd; jd;kiwntg;gj;jpw;Fg; ngwg;gl;l

ngWkhdk; nghUj;jkhd ngWkhdkhntd xg;gply;.

cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk; : fNyhupkhdp> fyf;fp> ntg;gkhdp> ePu;> ePuhtpg; gpwg;ghf;fp>

nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk; Kj;Jyhj;;juhR > ePuhtp mDg;Gk; fUtp

Mrpupau ;Mrpupau ;Mrpupau ;Mrpupau ;Mrpupau ; : • gupNrhjidapy; ngwg;gLk; tOf;fisf; fUj;jpw;

nfhz;L ,t;tOf;fis ,opthf;Ftjw;F Nkw;nfhs;

sg;gLk; Kw;fhg;Gf;fis mtjhdpj;jy;.

• ngWNgw;wpd; gjpitg; guprPypj;J> fzpg;gpd; cz;ikg;

ngWNgw;iw cWjp nra;jy;.

• ePupd; Mtpahjypd; jd;kiwntg;gj;jpw;Fg; ngwg;gl;l

ngWkhdk; nghUj;jkhdjhntd mwpTWj;jy;fs;

toq;;Fjy;.


31


Jyf;fkhd fNyhupkhdpiag; gad;gLj;jp tspapd; njhlu;GJyf;fkhd fNyhupkhdpiag; gad;gLj;jp tspapd; njhlu;GJyf;fkhd fNyhupkhdpiag; gad;gLj;jp tspapd; njhlu;GJyf;fkhd fNyhupkhdpiag; gad;gLj;jp tspapd; njhlu;GJyf;fkhd fNyhupkhdpiag; gad;gLj;jp tspapd; njhlu;G

<ug;gjd; Jzpjy;<ug;gjd; Jzpjy;<ug;gjd; Jzpjy;<ug;gjd; Jzpjy;<ug;gjd; Jzpjy;

Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs; : • gdp cUthFtjw;fhf ,Uf;fNtz;ba Njitia

tpsf;fy;.

• gdp cUthFk; NghJk; kiwAk; NghJk; rupahf

mtjhdpj;jy;.

• gdpgLepiy rhu;ghf tspapd;; njhlu;G <ug;gjidj;;

Jzpjy;.

cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk; : ,U Jyf;fg;gl;l fNyhupkhdpfs;> rpwpa gdpf;fl;bj;

nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk; Jz;Lfs;> fyf;fp> 0 oC - 50 0C tPr;Rila ,U ,ur

ntg;gkhdpfs> ,U Mjhuq;fs;

Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau; : • gdpf;fl;b ,lg;glNtz;ba Jyf;fg;gl;l fNyhupkhdpapd;

ntg;gepiyia nkJthff; Fiwf;Fk; Kiwia

tpsf;fy;.

• kw;iwa fNyhupkhdpapd; ntspNkw;gug;Gld; xg;gpl;Lg;

gdp cUthFk; NghJk; kiwAk; NghJk; rupahf

mtjhdpg;gjw;F mwpTWj;jy; toq;fy;.

• ngwg ;gl ;l thr pg ;igAk ; e puk ;gyht p mKf ;f

ml;ltiziaAk; gad;gLj;jpr; rhu; <ug;gjidf;

fzpg;;gjw;F khztHfis newpg;gLj;jy;.


32


Nrspd; Kiwapdhy; vspjpw; flj;jpnahd;wpd; ntg;gf;flj;jhW Jzpjy;Nrspd; Kiwapdhy; vspjpw; flj;jpnahd;wpd; ntg;gf;flj;jhW Jzpjy;Nrspd; Kiwapdhy; vspjpw; flj;jpnahd;wpd; ntg;gf;flj;jhW Jzpjy;Nrspd; Kiwapdhy; vspjpw; flj;jpnahd;wpd; ntg;gf;flj;jhW Jzpjy;Nrspd; Kiwapdhy; vspjpw; flj;jpnahd;wpd; ntg;gf;flj;jhW Jzpjy;

Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs; : • cWjp ntg;gg;gha;r;ryilifiag; gupNrhjid uPjpahf

mwptjw;fhd re;ju;g;gj;ijg; ngwy;.

• khwh mKf;fj;njhl;biag; gad;gLj;jp cWjp epiyapy;

ntg;gepiyiag; nghUj;jkhdjhfg; NgZtjw;Fr;

re;ju;g;gk; ngwy;.

• vspjpw;flj;jpapd; ntg;gf;flj;jhiwg; gupNrhjid

uPjpahfj; Jzpjy;.

cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk; : ntg;gf;flj;jhW JzpAk; Nrspd; cgfuzk; > ehd;F

nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk; ,urntg;gkhdpfs;> ePuhtpg; gpwg;ghf;fp> khwh mKf;fj;

njhl;b> Ntzpau; ,Lf;fpkhdp> epWj;jw;fbfhuk; >

kPw;wu;f;Nfhy;> ghj;jpuk; xd;W> %d;W Nfhy;j;juhR

Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau; : • cgfuzj;ijr; rupahfr; nrg;gQ; nra;tjw;fhd


• ntg;gkhdpfspd; thrpg;Gf;fis mtjhdpj;J> cWjp

epiyia mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs;

toq;fy;.

• ntg;gkhdp thrpg ;igg ; nghUj;jkhd Kiwapy;

NgZtjw;F khwh mKf;fj;njhl ;biag; gad;

gLj;Jtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy; toq;;fy;.

• thrpg;Gfisg; ngw;W ml;ltizg;gLj;jpf; flj;jpapd;

ntg;gf;flj;jhiwf; fzpg;gjw;F mwpTWj;jy; toq;fy;.

• gjpT nra;ag;gl;l ngWNgw;iwAk; fzpg;igAk;

guPl;rpj;jy;.


33


cyu; fyj;jpd; mfj;jiliaAk; kpd;dpaf;f tpiriaAk; Jzpjy;cyu; fyj;jpd; mfj;jiliaAk; kpd;dpaf;f tpiriaAk; Jzpjy;cyu; fyj;jpd; mfj;jiliaAk; kpd;dpaf;f tpiriaAk; Jzpjy;cyu; fyj;jpd; mfj;jiliaAk; kpd;dpaf;f tpiriaAk; Jzpjy;cyu; fyj;jpd; mfj;jiliaAk; kpd;dpaf;f tpiriaAk; Jzpjy;

Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs; : • Rw;wpd; nkhj;jj; jilapd; ngWkjpia khw;Wtjd;

%ykhd kpd;Ndhl;lj;jpd;; khwy;.

• Rw;wpy; Nthy;w;WkhdpiaAk; mk;gpau;khdpiaAk; cupa

Kiwapy; ,izj;jy;.

• khwpfisg; nghUj;jkhd Kiwapy; tiugpy; Fwpj;Jj;

Njitahd ngWNgw;iwg; ngwy;.

cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk; : cyu; fyk;> kpy;yp mk;gpau;khdp> Nthy;w;Wkhdp >

nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk; ,iwNahjw;W

Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau; : • gupNrhjidf;fhfg; nghUj;jkhd Rw;W tupg;glj;ij

toq;fy;.

• Rw ;iw cu pa Kiwa py ; ,izg ; gjw ; f hd


• Rw;iwg; guprPypj;Jj; Njitahd mwpTWj;jy;fs;

toq;;fy;.

• gupNrhjid Kiwfisr; rupahff; Nfl;L thrpg;igg;

ngw;Wg; nghUj;jkhd tiugpdhy; fyj;jpd; kp.,.tp.

iaAk; mfj;jiliaAk; Jzptjw;F mwpTWj;jy;fs;

toq;;fy;.


34


kPw;wu;g; ghyj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp ,U jilfis xg;gpLjy;kPw;wu;g; ghyj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp ,U jilfis xg;gpLjy;kPw;wu;g; ghyj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp ,U jilfis xg;gpLjy;kPw;wu;g; ghyj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp ,U jilfis xg;gpLjy;kPw;wu;g; ghyj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp ,U jilfis xg;gpLjy;

Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs; : • jug;gl;Ls;s Rw;W tupg;glj;jpw;fikar; Rw;iwr; rupahf

,izj;jy;.

• fy;tNdhkhdpapd; ghJfhg;Gj; NjitiaAk;> gad;

gLj;Jk; KiwiaAk; tpsf;;fy;.

• njhluhf ,izf ;fg ; gl ; l jila pa pdhy ;

fy;tNdhkhdpapd; czu;jpwdpw;;Nfw;gLk; jhf;fq;fis

tpsf;;fy;.

• ,U jilfis xg;gpLtjw;F kPw;wu;g; ghyj;ijg;

gad;gLj;jy;.

cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk; : kPw;wu;g;ghyk; > tOf;Fr;rhtp > nrUFrhtpfs;> kp.,.tp 2 V cila

nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk; Nrkpg;Gf; fyk; > ikag;G+r;rpa fy;tNdhkhdp> xg;gpLtjw;Fj;

Njitahd ,U jilapfs;> 1 k jilap > ,iwNahjw;W

Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau; : • jug;gl;Ls;s Rw;iw ,izf;Fk;NghJ nrUF rhtp

jpwe;jpUf;FkhW Rw;iw ,izg;gjw;F


• Rw ;W ,izf ;fg ; gl ;l g pd ;du ; Rw ;W G + Hj ; j p

nra;ag;gl;Ls;sjhntd gupNrhjpg;gjw;Fj; Njitahd


• ghJfhg;Gr; Rw;iwr; rupahfg; gad;gLj;j mwpTWj;jy;fs;

toq;fy;.

• ngwg;gl;l ngWNgw;Wf;Nfw;g ,U jilfspd; tpfpjj;ijf;

fzpg;gjw;F mwpTWj;jy; toq;fy;.


35



kPw;wu;g; ghyj;ijg; gad;gLj;jpf; flj;jpnahd;wpd; jilkPw;wu;g; ghyj;ijg; gad;gLj;jpf; flj;jpnahd;wpd; jilkPw;wu;g; ghyj;ijg; gad;gLj;jpf; flj;jpnahd;wpd; jilkPw;wu;g; ghyj;ijg; gad;gLj;jpf; flj;jpnahd;wpd; jilkPw;wu;g; ghyj;ijg; gad;gLj;jpf; flj;jpnahd;wpd; jil

ntg;gepiyf; Fzfk; Jzpjy;ntg;gepiyf; Fzfk; Jzpjy;ntg;gepiyf; Fzfk; Jzpjy;ntg;gepiyf; Fzfk; Jzpjy;ntg;gepiyf; Fzfk; Jzpjy;

Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs; ::::: • jug;gl;Ls;s Rw;W tupg;glj;jpw;fikar; Rw;iwj;

jpUj;jkhf mikj;jy;.

• ePupd; ntg;gepiyiaf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; tpjj;ij tpsf;fy;.

• fy;tNdhkhdpapd; ghJfhg;Gf;fhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;

ghJfhg;Gr;Rw;iwf; Fwpg;gply;.

• jilg ;ngl ;ba pd ; nrUfpfs;> nrUF rht pfs ;

vd;gtw;iw cgNahfpf;Fk; Kiwfis tpsf;fy;.

• tiunghd ;i w ti u t j w ; F j ; N j i t a h d

thr pg ; Gfisg ; ngw ;Wg; nghUj;jkhd tiuig

tiutjd; %yk; flj;jpnahd;wpd; jilntg;gepiyf;

Fzfk; Jzpjy;.

cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk; : 100 Ω jilAila fhtyplg;gl;l fk;gpr;RUs;> ikag;G+r;rpa

nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk; fy;tNdhkhdp> njhLifr;rhtp > tOf;Frhtp> ,uz;L

nrUF rhtpfs; > kp.,.tp. 2 V cila Nrkpg;Gf;fyk;>

ntg;gkhdp> fyf;fpAld; fNyhupkhdp> ntg;gkhf;fp> gd;rd;

RluLg;G> kPw;wHr;rl;lk;> 1 k Ω jilap> (0 - 500) Ω tPr;Rila

jilg;ngl;b

MrpupaHMrpupaHMrpupaHMrpupaHMrpupaH ::::: • cgfuzq;fs; ,izf;fg;gLk; NghJ vy;yhr; nrUF

rhtpfSk; jpwe;jpUf;FkhW ,izg;gjw;F mwpTWj;jy;

toq;fy;.

• jug;gl;Ls;s cgfuzq;fs; Rw;W tupg ;glj;jpy;

jpUj;jkhf ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sjhntdg; guprPypj;J

tOf;fis ePf;fy;.

• ti u n g hd ;i w ti ut j w ; F j ; N jita hd

thrpg ;Gfisg; ngw;Wg; nghUj ;jkhd tiug py ;

jilntg ;ge piyf ; Fzfj;ijf; fzpg;gjw;fhf

khztHfSf;F topfhl;Ljy;.

36


mOj;jkhdpiag; gad;gLj;jp kpd;fyq;fspd; kp.,.tp. xg;gply;mOj;jkhdpiag; gad;gLj;jp kpd;fyq;fspd; kp.,.tp. xg;gply;mOj;jkhdpiag; gad;gLj;jp kpd;fyq;fspd; kp.,.tp. xg;gply;mOj;jkhdpiag; gad;gLj;jp kpd;fyq;fspd; kp.,.tp. xg;gply;mOj;jkhdpiag; gad;gLj;jp kpd;fyq;fspd; kp.,.tp. xg;gply;

Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs; : • kp.,.tp. ia xg;g pLtjw;fhd mOj;jkhdpapd ;

Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijf; Fwpg;gply;.

• mOj;jkhdpiag; gad;gLj;jp kp.,.tp. ia xg;gpl

KbAk; vd;gij tpsf;fy;.

• czu;jpwDs;s fUtpiag; ghJfhg;ghff; ifahSk;

jpwidg; ngwy;.

cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk; : mOj;jkhdp> 2 V Nrkpg;Gf;fyk;> ,yf;yhQ;rpf; fyk;>

nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk; lhdpay; fyk;> ikag;G+r;rpa fy;tNdhkhdp> ,U topr;

rhtp > nrUFrhtp> 1000 jilap> njhLf;Fq; fk;gpfs;

Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau; : • gupNrhjidf;Fj; Njitahd Rw;W tupg;glj;ij

toq;fy;.

• mOj;jkhdpr; Rw;iwj; jpUj;jkhf ,izg;gjw;F

mwpTWj;jy; toq;fy;.

• fy;tNdhkhdpapd; ghJfhg;Gf;fhd cghaq;fisf;

Fwpg;gply;.

• khztu;fspdhy; Rw;W G+Hj;jpahf;fg;gl;l gpd; guprPypf;f

• ngwg;gl;l thrpg ;Gfisf;nfhz;L kp.,.tp. ia

xg;gpLtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs; toq;;fy;.


37


mOj;jkhdpiag; gad;gLj;jpj; jilfis xg;gpLjy;mOj;jkhdpiag; gad;gLj;jpj; jilfis xg;gpLjy;mOj;jkhdpiag; gad;gLj;jpj; jilfis xg;gpLjy;mOj;jkhdpiag; gad;gLj;jpj; jilfis xg;gpLjy;mOj;jkhdpiag; gad;gLj;jpj; jilfis xg;gpLjy;

Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs; : • nghUj;jkhd mOj;j tpj;jpahrj;ijg; ngWtjw;fhf

mOj;j tPo;r;rpr; Rw;iw ,izj;jy;.

• Njitf;Nfw;wthW ,U topr;rhtp gad;gLj;jy;.

• gupNrhjidg; ngWNgw;iwg; gad;gLj;jpj; jilfis

xg;gpLjy;.

cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk; : mOj;jkhdp> ,U 2 V Nrkpg;Gf;fyq;fs;;> xg;gpLtjw;Fj;

nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk; Njitahd ,U jilapfs;> ,U topr;rhtp > (0 - 50) Ω

jilg;ngl;b> %d;W nrUFrhtpfs;>nrUFrhtpapdhy; gf;f

topg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s 1 k ghJfhg;Gj;jilap> njhLifr;

rhtp > ikag;G+r;rpa fy;tNdhkhdp> njhLf;Fq; fk;gpfs;.

Mrpupau ;Mrpupau ;Mrpupau ;Mrpupau ;Mrpupau ; : • jilfis xg;gpLtjw;fhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; Rw;W

tupg;glj;ij toq;;fy;.

• Rw ;Wj ; j pUj ;jkhf ,izf;fg ;gl ;Ls ;sjhntd

mtjhdpj;Jj; Njitahd mwpTWj;jy;fs; toq;;fy;.

• khztu;fspdhy; ,izf;fg;gl;l Rw;Wj; jpUj;j

khdjhntdg; guPl;rpj;jy;.


mOj;jkhdpiag; gad;gLj;jp kpd;fynkhd;wpd; mfj;jil fhzy;mOj;jkhdpiag; gad;gLj;jp kpd;fynkhd;wpd; mfj;jil fhzy;mOj;jkhdpiag; gad;gLj;jp kpd;fynkhd;wpd; mfj;jil fhzy;mOj;jkhdpiag; gad;gLj;jp kpd;fynkhd;wpd; mfj;jil fhzy;mOj;jkhdpiag; gad;gLj;jp kpd;fynkhd;wpd; mfj;jil fhzy;

Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs; : • mfj;jilAila kpd;fynkhd;wpDlhd kpd;Ndhl;

lj;jpw;Nfw;g mjd; Kbtplq;fspw;;fpilapyhd mOj;j

tpj;jpahrk; NtWgLk; vd;gij tpsf;fy;.

• khwpfSf;fpilapyhd njhlu;ig tiugpy; Fwpg;g

jw;fhff; Nfhitiag; ngwy;.

• khwpfSld; tiuag;gl;l tiugpdhy;j; Njitahd

ngWNgWfisg; ngwy;.

cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk; : mOj;jkhdp> 2 V Nrkpg;Gf;fyk;> cyu; fyk;> (0 - 50)

nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk; jilg;ngl;b> ,uz;L nrUFrhtpfs;> nrUFrhtpAld;

gf;f topg;gLj;jg;gl;l 1 k ghJfhg;Gj;jilap> njhLifr;

rhtp> ikag;G+r;rpa fy;tNdhkhdp> njhLf;Fq;; fk;gpfs;

Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau; : • gupNrhjidf;Fj; Njitahd Rw;W tupg;glj;ij

toq;fy;.

• nghUj;jkhd rkepiy ePsj;ij mstpLtjw;Fj;

jilg;ngl;bapd;; jilia khw ;Wtjw ;fhd


• tiuG tiutjw;fhd Nfhitiaj; Jzptjw;F


• gupNrhjid %yk; ngw;w ngWNgw;W mwpf;ifiag;

guprPypAq;fs;.



38


mOj;jkhdpiag; gad;gLj;jpr; rpwpa kpd; ,af;f tpirmOj;jkhdpiag; gad;gLj;jpr; rpwpa kpd; ,af;f tpirmOj;jkhdpiag; gad;gLj;jpr; rpwpa kpd; ,af;f tpirmOj;jkhdpiag; gad;gLj;jpr; rpwpa kpd; ,af;f tpirmOj;jkhdpiag; gad;gLj;jpr; rpwpa kpd; ,af;f tpir

(ntg;g ,izapd;) Jzpjy;(ntg;g ,izapd;) Jzpjy;(ntg;g ,izapd;) Jzpjy;(ntg;g ,izapd;) Jzpjy;(ntg;g ,izapd;) Jzpjy;

Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs; : • kpfTk ; r pw pa kp .,.t p . Jzptjw ;F rhjhuz

mOj;jkhdpiag; gad;gLj;JtJ nghUj;jkhdjy;y

vd;gjw;fhd fhuzj;ij tpsf;fy;.

• kpfTk; rpwpa kp.,.tp. Jzptjw;F mOj;jkhdpiaj;

jpupTgLj;Jk; Kiwia mwpjy;.

• ntg;g,izAld; mOj;jkhdpr; Rw;iwr; nrg;gQ;nra;J

Njitahd thrpg;igg; ngWk; Kiwia mwpjy;.

• jug;gl;l nghUl;fisAk; cgfuzq;isAk; gad;gLj;jp

kpfTk; jpUj;jkhf ngWNgw;iwg; ngWtjw;fhd jpwid

tsH;j;jy;.

cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk; : mOj;jkhdp (fk;gpapd; jil njupe;j)> 2 V Nrkpg;Gf;fyk;>

nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk; ntg;g,iz> kpd;fyk; > ,U jilg;ngl;bfs;> ikag;G+r;rpa

fy;tNdhkhdp> tOf;fpr;rhtp> nrUFrhtpfs;> 1 kΩ

ghJfhg;Gj;jil > njhLg;Gf; fk;gpfs;

Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau; : • kpfTk; rpwpa kp.,.tp. j; Jzptjw;F rhjhuz

mOj;jkhdpiag; gad;gLj;JtJ nghUj;jkw;w

njd;gij khztHfSf;F tpsf;fy;.

• kpfTk; rpwpa kp.,.tp. iaj; Jzptjw;F jpupGgLj;jg;gl;l

mOj;jkhdpapd; Rw;W tupg;glj;jpdhy; tpsf;fy;.

• rkepiyg;Gs;spia mz;zsthf fk;gpapd; kj;jpapy;

ngWtjw;fhfj; jilg;ngl;biar; nrg;gQ;nra;tjw;F

mwpTWj;jy; toq;fp> mjw;fhd fhuzj;ij tpdTjy;.

• ntg;g,izapd; kpd;dpaf;ftpiriaj; Jzptjw;fhd

Rw;Wthpg;glj;ij toq;fy;.

• khztHfshy; mikf;fg;gl;l Rw;Wj; jpUj;jkhdjh

vdg; guPl;rpj;jy;.

• khztHfshy; gjpTnra;ag;gl;Ls;s ngWNgw;iwg;

guPl;rpj;jy;.


39

gupNrhjidgupNrhjidgupNrhjidgupNrhjidgupNrhjid ::::: 3 83 83 83 83 8

Fiwflj;jp ,Uthapapd;; Fiwflj;jp ,Uthapapd;; Fiwflj;jp ,Uthapapd;; Fiwflj;jp ,Uthapapd;; Fiwflj;jp ,Uthapapd;; I - V rpwg;gpay;G tisapiag; ngwy; rpwg;gpay;G tisapiag; ngwy; rpwg;gpay;G tisapiag; ngwy; rpwg;gpay;G tisapiag; ngwy; rpwg;gpay;G tisapiag; ngwy;

Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs; : • jug;gl;Ls;s Rw;Wf;fika ,Uthap> mk;gpau;khdp>

Nthy;w;Wkhdp> ,iwNahjw;W> kpd;fyk;> jilap

vd;gtw;iwj; jpUj;jkhf ,izj;jy;.

• mOj;jg;gpupapahf ,iwNahjw;iwg; gad;gLj;jy;.

• r pw pa kpd ;Ndhl ;lj ;ij mstpLtjw ;F kpy ;y p

mk;gpau;khdpiaAk; mOj;jNtWghl;il mstpL

tjw;F Nthy;w;WkhdpiaAk; gad;gLj;jy;.

• ,Uthapapd; Koq;fhy; mOj;jj;ij (knee voltage)

my;yJ Jz;bg;G mOj;jj;ij(cut in voltage) ,dq;;

fhzy;.

cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk; : ,Uthap (1N4001) > 7.5 V Nrkpg;Gf;fyk;> (0 V- 1 V)

nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk; Nthy;w;Wkhdp> 1000 cila ,iwNahjw;W> 0-50 m A

kpy;yp mk;gpau;khdp> njhLf;Fq; fk;gp> 100 Ω 1 W jilap

Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau; : • ,Uthapapy; I - V rpwg;gpay;G tisapiag; ngWtjw;Fg;

nghUj;jkhd Rw;W tupg;glj;ij khztu ;fSf ;F

toq;fy;.

• jug;gl;l Rw;W tupg;glj;jpw;fika cgfuzq;fisj;

j pUj ; jkhf ,izg;gjw ;F khztu ;fSf ;F


• khztu;fshy; ,izf;fg;gl;l Rw;iwg; guprPypj;Jj;

Njitahd mwpTWj;jy; toq;fy;.

• mOj;jg;gpupapahf ,iwNahjw;iwg; gad;gLj;jp

Koq;fhy; mOj;jj;ijj; jhz;ba gpd;dH thrpg;Gg;

ngWk;NghJ mOj;jk; khw;wg;glNtz;ba tPr ;R

rk;ge;jkhd mwpTWj;jy;fs; toq;fy;.

• ,Uthapapw;fhf I - V tisapiag; gupNrhjid

uPjpapyhfg; ngWtjw;Fk; tisapiag; gad;gLj;jp ;

Koq ;fhy ; mOj ;jj ;ij ,dq; fhz;gjw ;Fk ;



40


nghJf;fhyp cUtikg;gpy; jpuhd;rpw;wiu tpupayhf;fpahfg;nghJf;fhyp cUtikg;gpy; jpuhd;rpw;wiu tpupayhf;fpahfg;nghJf;fhyp cUtikg;gpy; jpuhd;rpw;wiu tpupayhf;fpahfg;nghJf;fhyp cUtikg;gpy; jpuhd;rpw;wiu tpupayhf;fpahfg;nghJf;fhyp cUtikg;gpy; jpuhd;rpw;wiu tpupayhf;fpahfg;

gad;gLj;jg;gLk; NghJgad;gLj;jg;gLk; NghJgad;gLj;jg;gLk; NghJgad;gLj;jg;gLk; NghJgad;gLj;jg;gLk; NghJ IB

, IC fspw;fpilapyhd rpwg;gpay;G fspw;fpilapyhd rpwg;gpay;G fspw;fpilapyhd rpwg;gpay;G fspw;fpilapyhd rpwg;gpay;G fspw;fpilapyhd rpwg;gpay;G

tiuigg; guprPypj;jy;tiuigg; guprPypj;jy;tiuigg; guprPypj;jy;tiuigg; guprPypj;jy;tiuigg; guprPypj;jy;

Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs; : • mOj;j tPr;R cgfuzkhf khWk; jilapiag;

gad;gLj;jg;gLk; Kiwia mwpjy;.

• jpuhd;rpw;wupd; ghjq;fis ,dq;fz;L jpUj;jkhf

,izj;jy;.

• IB ,d; rpwpa khw;wj;jpdhy; I

C MdJ ngupa khw;wj;ij

Vw;gLj;Jtjhy; kpd;Ndhl;lk; tpupayhf;fg;gLtij

mwpjy;.

cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk; ::::: Nthy;w;Wkhdp (0 V - 5 V )> 2 k khWk; jilap> 1 k

nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk; ,U khWk; jilapfs;> 56 k jilap > mk;gpau;khdp

(0 - 100) A > mk;gpau;khdp (0 - 10) mA > 6V cila

,U Nrkpg;Gf;fyq;fs;> 2 SD 400 jpuhd;rpw;wH

Mrpupau ;Mrpu pau ;Mrpu pau ;Mrpu pau ;Mrpu pau ; : • Rw;Wthpg;glj;ij toq;fy;.

• Rw;Wj; jpUj;jkhf ,izf;fg;gl ;Ls;sjhntdg;

guprPypj;J tOf;fisj; jpUj;jy;.

• IC ,d; ngWkhdk; 5 mA tUk; tiu I

B MdJ A

,y; khw;wg;gl;L IB

, IC ,w;F ngWNgWfisg; ngWtjw;F


• IB

, IC ngWNgw;iwg; gjpT nra;J tiuG tiutjw;F


• tiuag;gl;l tiuigg; gurPypf;f.


41


mbg;gilj; jUf;ff; fjtq;fspd; cz;ik ml;ltizia Muha;jy;mbg;gilj; jUf;ff; fjtq;fspd; cz;ik ml;ltizia Muha;jy;mbg;gilj; jUf;ff; fjtq;fspd; cz;ik ml;ltizia Muha;jy;mbg;gilj; jUf;ff; fjtq;fspd; cz;ik ml;ltizia Muha;jy;mbg;gilj; jUf;ff; fjtq;fspd; cz;ik ml;ltizia Muha;jy;

Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs; : • AND , OR , NAND , NOR , NOT mbg;gilf; fjtq;fspd;

cz;ik ml;ltiziag; gupNrhjid uPjpahfg;

ngwg;gLtjhy; fjtq;fis ,dq; fhz;gjw;fhd

re;jHg;gj;ijg; ngwy;.

• fjtr;Rw;Wfspy; Kidfisf; fz;Lgpbg;gjw;Fk;

gu pNrhjid %yk; Rw ;iw mikg ;gjw ;Fkhd

jpwidg;ngwy;.

• TTL (7400) , CMOS (4000) fjtr ; Rw ;Wfisg ;

gupNrhjidfspy; gad;gLj;Jk;NghJ khw;wj;ij

tpsf;fy;.

cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk; ::::: 7404, 7400, 7402, 7408, 7432 , TTL cila ehd;F IC,

nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk; (my;yJ 4001> 4011> 4071> 4081 CMOS cila ehd;F

IC )> %d;W nre;epw LED> 330 Ω , 1/2 W cila

ehd;F fhgd; jilapfs;> 100 kΩ 1/8 W cila ,U

fhgd; jilapfs;> Rw;W NghHl;> + 5 V mOj;j toq;fp>

njhLf;Fq; fk;gpfs;

Mrpupau ;Mrpu pau ;Mrpu pau ;Mrpu pau ;Mrpu pau ; : • Njitahd Rw;W tupg;glj;ij toq;fy;.

• Rw;Wg;gyif kPJ njhifapl;l Rw;iwAk; cgfuzq;

fisAk; jpUj;jkhf ,izg;gjw;Fj; Njitahd


• gad;gLj;Jk; TTL (7400) my;yJ CMOS (4000) njhif

apLk; Rw;Wf;F mika toq;Fk; Nthy;w;wsT rkge;j

khd mwpTWj;jy;fs; toq;fy;.

• Rw;iw mikj;j gpd;du; mjidg; guprPypj;J mtrpa

nkdpd ; j pUj ;j pf ; nfhs ;SkhW mwpTWj ;jy ;

toq;Fq;fs;.

• cz;ik ml;ltizia toq;fg;gl;Ls;s mwpTiuf;Nf

w;gg; gupNrhjid uPjpahf Vw;gLj;j mwpTWj;jy;fs;

toq;fy;.

• ngWNgWfisg; gjpe;j gpd;dH guprPypf;f.


42


fk;gp Mf;fg;gl;l jputpaj;jpd; aq;fpd;kl;Lf; fhzy;fk;gp Mf;fg;gl;l jputpaj;jpd; aq;fpd;kl;Lf; fhzy;fk;gp Mf;fg;gl;l jputpaj;jpd; aq;fpd;kl;Lf; fhzy;fk;gp Mf;fg;gl;l jputpaj;jpd; aq;fpd;kl;Lf; fhzy;fk;gp Mf;fg;gl;l jputpaj;jpd; aq;fpd;kl;Lf; fhzy;

Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs; : • rpwpa ePl;rpia mstpLtjw;F ,t;Tgfuzj;jpy;

Ntzpau;f; Nfhl;ghL gad ; gLj ; jg ; gl ;Ls ;sij

tpsf;fy;.

• fk;gpapd; tpl;lj;ij mstpLtjw;F Ez;khdpj; jpUFf;

fzpr;rpapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij mwpjy;.

• ntg;gepiy khw;wk; fhuzkhf Vw;gLk; tOit

,opthf;Ftjw;F ,U fk;gpfs; gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhd

Njitia tpsf;fy;.

• Rik tpiwg;ghd Nfhnyhd;wpy; njhq;ftplg;gl;Ls;s

jw;fhd Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij mwpjy;.

cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk; : xNu Mjhuj;jpy; njhq;ftplg;gl;Ls;s mz;zsthf 3 m

nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk; ePsj;ijAilaJk; 0.5 mm tpl;lKilaJkhd nky;ypa

rPuhd ,U fk;gpfs;> kPw;wu;r;rl;lk;> Ez;khdpj;jpUFf;

fzpr;rp> mm ,y; msTNfhblg;gl;l gpujhd mstpilAk;

Ntzpau; mstpilAk;. 0.5 kg ,Ys;s 6 Rikg;gbfs;

Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau; : • gupNrhjidf; fk;gpapy; tisTfsw;wpUg;gjw;fhfg;

nghUj;jkhd Muk;gr; Rikiaj; njupT nra;J

nfhs;SkhW mwpTWj;jy; toq;fy;.

• Rik Vw;wypd; NghJk;> Rik ,wf;fypd; NghJk;

thrpg;Gfs; ngWtjw;fhd Njitia tpsf;fy;.

• fk;gpapd; tpfpjrk vy;iy kPwg;glhky; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;

vd;gij tpsf;fy;.

• gupNrhjidg; gjpT> ,Wjpf; fzpg;G vd;gtw;iwg;

guprPypj;J mwpTWj;jy;fs; toq;fy;.

• cUf;fpd; aq;qpd; kl;lhff; fpilj;j ngWkhdj;ij

epakg; ngWkhdj;Jld; xg;gpLkhW mwpTWj;jy;

toq;fy;.


43


GtNrapd; #j;jpuj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp ePupd; gpRf;Fikf;Fzfk; fhzy;GtNrapd; #j;jpuj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp ePupd; gpRf;Fikf;Fzfk; fhzy;GtNrapd; #j;jpuj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp ePupd; gpRf;Fikf;Fzfk; fhzy;GtNrapd; #j;jpuj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp ePupd; gpRf;Fikf;Fzfk; fhzy;GtNrapd; #j;jpuj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp ePupd; gpRf;Fikf;Fzfk; fhzy;

Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs; : • khwh tPjj;jpy; ePiug; ghatpLtjw;fhf khwh

mKf;fj;njhl;bapd; Njitia tpsf;fy;.

• kapu;j;Jisf;Fohapd; mftpl;lj;ij kpfTk; jpUj;jkhf

msf;f Ntz;bajd; fhuzj;ij tpsf;fy;.

• kapu;j;Jisf;FohapypUe;J ntspNaWk; ePu; Ntfkhfg;

ghahky; ,Ug;gjw;F mk;Kidapy; Ew;Wz;L

itg;gjw;fhd fhuzj;ij mwpjy;.

• GtNrapd; #j;jpuj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp ePupd; gpRf;Fikf;

Fzfk; fhzy;.

cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk; : 25cm ePsKila kapu;j;Jisf; Foha;> khwh mKf;fj;

nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk; njhl;b> msTr;rhb (100 ml) > fyf;fp> Mjhuk;> epWj;jw;

fbfhuk;> efUk; EZf;Ff;fhl;b> Ew;Wz;L> ,wg;gu;f; Foha;

(kapu;j;Jisf; Fohapd; tpl;lj;jpw;F rkdhd)> Ijhd

iej;jpupf; mkpyf; fiury;> Ijhd Nrhbaikjnuhl;irl;Lf;

fiury;

Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau; : • kapu;j;Jisf; Fohiar;; Rj;jkhf;f Ntz;bajd;

Njitia tpsf;fy;.

• nfhe;jspg;Gg;gha;r;riy Vw;gLj;jhjthW khwh mKf;fj;

njhl;b nrg;gQ;nra;ag;gl Ntz;bajd; Njitia

tpsf;fy;.

• kapu;j;Jisf; Foha; fpilahfg; nghUj;jg;gl;bUf;f

Ntz;Lnkd tpsf;fy;.

• kapu;j;Jisf; Fohapd; ruhrup mftpl;lj;ijf; fzpg;;gjw;F

efUk; EDf;fhl;bia cgNahf pg ; gjw ;F khztu ;

fSf;F mwpTWj;jy;fs; toq;fy;.

• gjpe;jngWNgWfis ghprPypf;f.


44


EZf;Ff;fhl;b tOf;fpiag; gad;gLj;jp ePupd; Nkw;gug;gpOit fhzy;EZf;Ff;fhl;b tOf;fpiag; gad;gLj;jp ePupd; Nkw;gug;gpOit fhzy;EZf;Ff;fhl;b tOf;fpiag; gad;gLj;jp ePupd; Nkw;gug;gpOit fhzy;EZf;Ff;fhl;b tOf;fpiag; gad;gLj;jp ePupd; Nkw;gug;gpOit fhzy;EZf;Ff;fhl;b tOf;fpiag; gad;gLj;jp ePupd; Nkw;gug;gpOit fhzy;

Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs; : • fz;zhb tOf;fp Rj;jk; nra;ag;gLk; Kiwfis

mwpjy;.

• NtzpaH ,Lf;fpkhdp> Ez;khdpj; jpUFf;fzpr;rp

vd;gtw;iwg; gad;gLj;jp KiwNa tOf;fpapd; ePsk; >

jbg;G vd;gtw;iwr; nrk;ikahf mstply;.

• ePupd; Nkw;gug;Gld; njhLifapYs;s EZf;Ff;fhl;b

tOf;fpapd; kPJ Nkw;gug;gpOit fhuzkhf Vw;gLk;

tpiriaf; fzpg;gjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd Kiwiaj;

njupT nra;jy;.

• ngwg;gl;l thrpg;igg; gad;gLj;jp ePupd; Nkw;gug;gpOit

iaf; fhzy;.

cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk; : EZf;Ff;fhl;b tOf;fp> Kj;Jyhj;juhR my;yJ

nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk; ,urhadj;juhR> NtzpaH ,Lf;fpkhdp> Ez;khdpj;

jpUFf;fzpr;rp> nky;ypa Ew;Wz;L> Ijhd iej;jpupf;

mkpyf; fiury;> Ijhd Nrhbaikjnuhl;irl;Lf;

fiury;

Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau; : • fz ;zhb tOf ;f piar ; Rj ; jk ; nra ;tjw ;F


• fz;zhb tOf;fpapd; jsk; epiyf;Fj;jhf ,Uf;FkhW

Eypd; %yk; ehd;F Nfhy; juhrpy; fl;b njhq;ftpl;Lr;

rkepiyiag; ngWtjw;F mwpTWj;jy;fs; toq;fy;.

• fz;zhb tOf;fpapd; tpspk;ig ePupd; Nkw;gug;gpy;

njhlr;nra;J> tOf;fpia mfw;Wtjw;Fj; Njitahd

Nkyjpf Rikiaf; fzpg; ;gjw;F mwpTWj;jy;fs;

toq;fy;.

• fz;zhb tOf;fpapd; ePsk; > jbg;G vd;gtw;iw

nghUj;jkhd cgfuzj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp mstpLjw;F


• mstPLfs; ngwg;gl;L ePupd; Nkw;gug;gpOitiaj;;

Jzptjw;F khztHfis newpg;gLj;jy;.

• nra;Kiwg; gjpitg; guprPypf;f.


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rtHf;fhuf; fiurypd; Nkw;gug;gpOit fhzy;rtHf;fhuf; fiurypd; Nkw;gug;gpOit fhzy;rtHf;fhuf; fiurypd; Nkw;gug;gpOit fhzy;rtHf;fhuf; fiurypd; Nkw;gug;gpOit fhzy;rtHf;fhuf; fiurypd; Nkw;gug;gpOit fhzy;

(fk;gpr; rl;lnkhd;iwg; gad;gLj;jp)(fk;gpr; rl;lnkhd;iwg; gad;gLj;jp)(fk;gpr; rl;lnkhd;iwg; gad;gLj;jp)(fk;gpr; rl;lnkhd;iwg; gad;gLj;jp)(fk;gpr; rl;lnkhd;iwg; gad;gLj;jp)

Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs; : • jug;gl;l cgfuzj;ij mikg;gjw;fhd jpwid tpUj;jp

nra;jy;.

• fk;gpr; rl;lj;jpd; kPJ Nkw;gug;gpOit fhuzkhd tpir

njhopw;gLk; tpjj;ij mwpjy;.

• nghUj;jkhd xU juhrpy; rpwpa tpiria mstpL

tjw;fhd jpwid tpUj;jp nra;jy;.

• ngwg;gl;l mstPLfisg; gad;gLj;jpr; rtHf;fhuf;

fiurypd; Nkw;gug;gpOitiaf; fhzy;.

cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk; : nky;ypa fk;gpj;Jz;L> Kj;Jyhj;juhR my;yJ

nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk; ,urhadj;juhR> efUk; EZf;Ffhl;b> Ew;Wz;L> ghj;jpuk;

Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau; : • fk;gpr;rl;lj;jpd; kPJ rtHf;fhug; glyj;ij cUthf;fp

juhrpdhy; rkg;gLj;Jtjw;F mwpTWj;jy;fs; toq;fy;.

• Kj;Jyhj; ;juhirj; jpUj;jkhfg; gad;gLj;Jtij

typAWj;Jjy;.

• fk;gpapd; fpil ePsj;ij mstpLtjw;F efUk;

EZf;Ff; fhl;biaj; jpUj;jkhfg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;F


• ngwg;gl;l thrpg;Gfs; rhHghfr; rtHf;fhuf; fiurypd;

Nkw;gug ;gpOitiaj; Jzptjw;F khztHfis

<LgLj;jpg; ngWNgw;iwg; guprPypf;f.


46


kapu;j;Jis vOif Kiwapdhy; ePupd; Nkw;gug;gpOit fhzy;kapu;j;Jis vOif Kiwapdhy; ePupd; Nkw;gug;gpOit fhzy;kapu;j;Jis vOif Kiwapdhy; ePupd; Nkw;gug;gpOit fhzy;kapu;j;Jis vOif Kiwapdhy; ePupd; Nkw;gug;gpOit fhzy;kapu;j;Jis vOif Kiwapdhy; ePupd; Nkw;gug;gpOit fhzy;

Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs; : • gupNrhjidf;fhf cgfuzq;fis ,izg;gjw;fhd

jpwid tpUj;jp nra;jy;.

• efUk; EZf;Ff;fhl;biag; gad;gLj;jp ePsj;ijj;

jpUj;jkhf mstpLtjw;fhd j pwid t pUj ;j p

nra;jy;.

• kapHj ;Jisf ;Fohiar ; Rj ;jk ; nra ;tjw ;fhd

gupNrhjidj; jpwid tpUj;jp nra;jy;.

• kapu;j;Jis vOif Kiwapdhy; ePupd; Nkw;gug;

gpOitiag; gupNrhjid uPjpahff; fhzy;.

cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk; : 15cm e PsKila kapu ;j ;Jisf ; Foha ; > efUk ;

nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk; EZf;Ff;fhl;b> ghj;jpunkhd;W> cau;j;jTk; jho;j;jTk;

Njitahd Mjhu Nkir> nghUj;jkhd Kiwapy;

mikf;fg;gl;l fhl;bf;fk;gp> Ijhd iej;jpupf; mkpyf;

fiury;> Ijhd Nrhbaikjnuhl;irl;Lf; fiury;>

Mjhuq;fs; > nky;ypa ,wg;gHg;gl;b

Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau; : • kapu ;j ;Jisf; Foha; Rj;jkhf;fg ;gLk; xOq;F

Kiwiaf; Fwpg;gpLjy;.

• kapu;j;Jis vOifahy; ePupd; Nkw;gug;gpOitiaf;

fzpg; ;gjw;Fg; gad;gLj;jg ;gLk; cgfuzj;ijr;

nrg;gQ;nra;tjw;Fj; Njitahd mwpTWj;jy;fs;

toq;fy;.

• efUk; EZf;Ff;fhl;biag; gad;gLj;jp kapu;j;Jisf;

Fohapy; ; NknyOk; j p ut e puy pd ; cauj ;ij

mst pLj w ; f hd g u p Nrhjid Kiwia

khztu;fSf;F tpsf;;fy;.

• gupNrhjidapdJ ngWNgWfs;> KbTfs; vd;gtw;wpd;

gjpTfisg; guprPypj;jy;.


47


N[fupd; Kiwapdhy;j; jputnkhd;wpd; Nkw; gug;gpOit fhzy;N[fupd; Kiwapdhy;j; jputnkhd;wpd; Nkw; gug;gpOit fhzy;N[fupd; Kiwapdhy;j; jputnkhd;wpd; Nkw; gug;gpOit fhzy;N[fupd; Kiwapdhy;j; jputnkhd;wpd; Nkw; gug;gpOit fhzy;N[fupd; Kiwapdhy;j; jputnkhd;wpd; Nkw; gug;gpOit fhzy;

Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs;Nehf;fq;fs; : • N[fupd; Ma;fUtpapYs;s gFjpfisj; jpUj;jkhf

,izj;jy;.

• jputj;jpy; mkpo;e;Js;s kapu;j;Jisf; Fohapd; ePsk;>

kapu;j;Jisf; Fohapd; mftpl ;lk ; vd;gtw ;iwr;

nrk ;ikahf mstpLtjw ;F efUk; EZf;Ff;

fhl;biag; gad;gLj;jy;.

• nkypkhdpapYs;s jput kl;l tpj ;jpahrj;ijg;

gupNrhjid uPjpahf mstply;.

• N[fupd; Kiwapdhy;g; ngwg;gl;l thrpg;Gf;fisAk;>

juTfisAk; gad;gLj;jpj; jputj;jpd; Nkw;gug;gpOit

fhzy;.

cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk;cgfuzq;fSk; : N[fupd; Ma;fUtp> ghj;jpunkhd;W > Nkw;gug;gpOit Jzpa

nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk;nghUl;fSk; Ntz;ba jputk;> mlH;j;jp Fiwe;j jputk; (nkypkhdpj;

jputk;)> efUk; EZf;Ff;fhl;b > ,uz;L Mjhuq;fs;>

cauj;ij khw;wf;$ba Nkir

Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau;Mrpupau; : • Nkw;gug;gpOit Jzptjw;F N[fupd; Ma;fUtpiaj;

jpUj;jkhd Kiwapy; nrg;gQ;nra;tjw;F khztu;f

Sf;F mwpTWj;jy;fs; toq;fy;.

• Nkw ;gug ;g pOit JzpaNtz;ba j putj ;j pDs ;

mk po ; j ; jg ; gl ;Ls ;s ka p Hj ;Jisf ; Foha pd ;

KidapypUe ;J thAf;Fkpo ; ntspNaWk;NghJ

mstPLfisg; ngWtjw;F mwpTWj;jy;fs; toq;fy;.

• kapu;j;Jisf; Fohapd;; MiuAk;> jputf; Fkpopapd;;

MiuAk; rkdhFk;NghJ nkypkhdpapy; mKf;f

tpj;jpahrk; cau;thf ,Uf;Fk; vdTk; ,e;epiyapy;

thrpg;G ngWk; KiwiaAk; khztu;fSf;F tpsf;fy;.

• efUk; EZf;Ff;fhl;biag; gad;gLj;jp Foha;

mkpo;e;Js;s Moj;ij msg;gjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs;

toq;fy;

• nra;Kiwg; gjpTfisg; guprPypj;jy;.


ngsjpftpay; nra;Kiwrhu; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b

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