Grammar Unit 4Grammar Unit 4

HD 4.1 t/m 4.8HD 4.1 t/m 4.8

4.1 Present Simple <-> 4.1 Present Simple <-> Present PerfectPresent Perfect

Present SimplePresent Simple Vorm: Vorm:

I always I always gogo to bed at 11 o’clock to bed at 11 o’clock Gebruik:Gebruik:

Altijd; nooit; regelmatigAltijd; nooit; regelmatig SignaalwoordenSignaalwoorden

Always, never, usually, on Always, never, usually, on Mondays… Mondays…

Present PerfectPresent Perfect Vorm: Vorm:

I I have beenhave been to Wales for the third to Wales for the third time. (have + volt. deelw.)time. (have + volt. deelw.)

Gebruik:Gebruik:- verleden begonnen; werkt door - verleden begonnen; werkt door in het heden (nu nog steeds) in het heden (nu nog steeds)

SignaalwoordenSignaalwoordenFor, sinceFor, since

Vergelijking:Vergelijking:

Present SimplePresent Simple

Feit; gewoonte Feit; gewoonte (altijd; nooit; (altijd; nooit; regelmatig)regelmatig)

I go to England every I go to England every yearyear

• Present Perfect

Werkt door: Toen begonnen, nu nog zo

I have gone to England twice

Examples!Examples!

1. I ... 1. I ... (know) (know) my best friend for my best friend for eleven years now.eleven years now.

2. Josh ... 2. Josh ... (always go) (always go) on holiday to on holiday to Austria.Austria.

3. My grandparents ... 3. My grandparents ... (never be)(never be) on holiday to France.on holiday to France.

4. Gemma and Becky ... 4. Gemma and Becky ... (often go)(often go) to the Ski Village.to the Ski Village.

Examples!Examples!

1. I 1. I have knownhave known my best friend my best friend forfor eleven years now.eleven years now.

2. Josh 2. Josh always goesalways goes on holiday to on holiday to Austria.Austria.

3. My grandparents 3. My grandparents have never have never beenbeen on holiday to France. on holiday to France.

4. Gemma and Becky 4. Gemma and Becky often gooften go to to the Ski Village.the Ski Village.

4.2 Passive4.2 Passive

Vorm: Vorm: – vorm van ’to be’ (worden) + vorm van ’to be’ (worden) +

voltooid deelwoord voltooid deelwoord Wanneer gebruik je het?Wanneer gebruik je het?

– Om aan te geven wat er gebeurt; Om aan te geven wat er gebeurt; het is niet belangrijk wie het doet:het is niet belangrijk wie het doet:

Het onderwerp doet NIETS!Het onderwerp doet NIETS!

Present Passive: Present Passive: – Tim Tim is askedis asked to leave the room to leave the room

Past PassivePast Passive– Tim Tim was askedwas asked to leave the room to leave the room

Present Perfect PassivePresent Perfect Passive– We’We’ve been toldve been told not to leave yet not to leave yet

To be: To be: am/is/aream/is/are voor present passive voor present passive was/werewas/were voor past passive voor past passive

have beenhave been voor present perfect voor present perfect passivepassive

+ voltooid deelwoord+ voltooid deelwoord

Examples!Examples!

telltell 1.1. When I was seven years old I .. When I was seven years old I .. that Santa Claus didn't exist (that Santa Claus didn't exist (bestond).bestond).

wearwear 2.2. Suits like these ... often ... by Suits like these ... often ... by R.E.S.O.R.T.R.E.S.O.R.T. skiers.skiers.

keepkeep 3.3. This story ... a secret for many This story ... a secret for many years.years.

carrycarry 44.. In some countries rescue In some countries rescue equipment ... by dogs.equipment ... by dogs.

writewrite 55.. The prize-winning story in last The prize-winning story in last week's week's ShoutShout ... by a twelve-year-old ... by a twelve-year-old boy.boy.

Examples!Examples!

telltell 1.1. When I was seven years old I When I was seven years old I was was toldtold that Santa Claus didn't exist ( that Santa Claus didn't exist (bestond).bestond).

wearwear 2.2. Suits like these Suits like these are are often often wornworn by by R.E.S.O.R.T.R.E.S.O.R.T. skiers.skiers.

keepkeep 3.3. This storyThis story has been kepthas been kept a secreta secret for many years.for many years.

carrycarry 44.. In some countries rescue In some countries rescue equipment equipment is carriedis carried by dogs. by dogs.

writewrite 55.. The prize-winning story in The prize-winning story in last last week'sweek's Shout Shout was wonwas won by a twelve-year-old by a twelve-year-old boy.boy.

4.3 Betrekkelijke 4.3 Betrekkelijke voornaamwoordenvoornaamwoordenOpties: Opties: Who -> personenWho -> personenWhom -> personen (na voorzetsel)Whom -> personen (na voorzetsel)Which -> dingen Which -> dingen That -> als vervanging van ‘who’ en ‘which’ That -> als vervanging van ‘who’ en ‘which’ (niets) -> …(niets) -> …

An exercise … I‘ve never checkedAn exercise … I‘ve never checkedI = onderwerpI = onderwerp

Examples!Examples!

1.1. who / which / Øwho / which / Ø 1.1. A ski A ski instructor is the person ... teaches you instructor is the person ... teaches you how to ski.how to ski.

2.2. who / that / Øwho / that / Ø 2.2. The story ... The story ... Josh told Gemma wasn't true.Josh told Gemma wasn't true.

3.3. who / which / that / Øwho / which / that / Ø 3.3. Are Are these the lift passes ... we have to these the lift passes ... we have to use?use?

4.4. who / which / Øwho / which / Ø 4.4. Val d' Isère Val d' Isère is a ski resort ... is famous for its is a ski resort ... is famous for its après-ski activities.après-ski activities.

Examples!Examples!

1.1. who / which / Øwho / which / Ø 1.1. A ski A ski instructor is the person instructor is the person whowho teaches teaches you how to ski.you how to ski.

2.2. who / that / Øwho / that / Ø 2.2. The story The story that / Øthat / Ø Josh told Gemma wasn't true. Josh told Gemma wasn't true.

3.3. who / which / that / Øwho / which / that / Ø 3.3. Are Are these the lift passes these the lift passes which / that / Øwhich / that / Ø we have to use?we have to use?

4.4. who / which / Øwho / which / Ø 4.4. Val d' Isère Val d' Isère is a ski resort is a ski resort which which is famous for its is famous for its après-ski activities.après-ski activities.

4.4 much / many / a lot 4.4 much / many / a lot of / (a) little / (a) few of / (a) little / (a) few Many = meervoudMany = meervoudMuch = enkelvoud (ontelbaar)Much = enkelvoud (ontelbaar)

Many kisses, much loveMany kisses, much love

Few = meervoudFew = meervoudLittle = enkelvoud (ontelbaar)Little = enkelvoud (ontelbaar)

Little water, few canoesLittle water, few canoes

Examples!Examples!

1.1.During our ski holiday in Austria we During our ski holiday in Austria we only had ... snow. However, we had ... only had ... snow. However, we had ... fun together!fun together!

2.2.I never go shopping on Saturdays I never go shopping on Saturdays because there are too ... people because there are too ... people around then, I think.around then, I think.

3.3.Gemma wasn't very hungry. She only Gemma wasn't very hungry. She only had ... sandwiches and drank ... milk. had ... sandwiches and drank ... milk.

Examples!Examples!

1.1.During our ski holiday in Austria we During our ski holiday in Austria we only had only had littlelittle snow. However, we had snow. However, we had muchmuch fun together! fun together!

2.2.I never go shopping on Saturdays I never go shopping on Saturdays because there are too because there are too manymany people people around then, I think.around then, I think.

3.3.Gemma wasn't very hungry. She only Gemma wasn't very hungry. She only had had a fewa few sandwiches and drank sandwiches and drank a a littlelittle milk. milk.

4.5 vraagwoorden4.5 vraagwoorden

Zie boek: Zie boek:

WhoWhoWhoseWhoseWhereWhereWhatWhatWhyWhyWhenWhenWhichWhichhowhow

5.6 5.6 VerbindingswoordenVerbindingswoordenZie boekZie boek Let op of het woord in de zin een Let op of het woord in de zin een

tegenstelling is, een reden aangeeft, etc.tegenstelling is, een reden aangeeft, etc.AsAsUnlessUnlessBut But HoweverHoweverAlthoughAlthoughThereforeThereforeWhereasWhereasbecausebecause

4.7 Comparison4.7 Comparison

Gebruik: Gebruik: als je wilt vergelijkenals je wilt vergelijken

Vorm: Vorm: -er / -est (bij woorden met één lettergreep)-er / -est (bij woorden met één lettergreep)great – greatgreat – greaterer – great – greatest est

more … / most … (bij woorden met drie of more … / most … (bij woorden met drie of meer lettergrepen)meer lettergrepen)

Amazing – more amazing – most amazingAmazing – more amazing – most amazing

Bij 2 lettergrepen: Bij 2 lettergrepen: More… /most…More… /most…

Behalve woorden die eindigen op: Behalve woorden die eindigen op: -ow-ow-le-le-er-er-some -some -y -y krijgen -er / -est krijgen -er / -est

Uitzonderingen op dit alles: Uitzonderingen op dit alles: bad – worse – worst bad – worse – worst

good – better – bestgood – better – best

4.8 Myself / yourself / 4.8 Myself / yourself / etc.etc.

Gebruik: Gebruik: Als je iets met nadruk wilt Als je iets met nadruk wilt

zeggen.zeggen.

I want to do this myself!I want to do this myself!