Grammar Unit 6Grammar Unit 6

HD 6.1 t/m 6.9HD 6.1 t/m 6.9

6.1 Past Simple <-> 6.1 Past Simple <-> Present PerfectPresent PerfectPast SimplePast Simple Vorm: Vorm:

Yesterday I Yesterday I wentwent to school (-ed of 2 to school (-ed of 2ee rijtje)rijtje)

Gebruik:Gebruik:

Verleden; afgeslotenVerleden; afgesloten SignaalwoordenSignaalwoorden

Tijdsaanduiding:Tijdsaanduiding: Yesterday, Last Yesterday, Last week/month/year, … ago, ‘jaartal’, etc.week/month/year, … ago, ‘jaartal’, etc.

Present PerfectPresent Perfect Vorm: Vorm:

I I have beenhave been to Wales for the third to Wales for the third time. (have + volt. deelw.)time. (have + volt. deelw.)

Gebruik:Gebruik:- verleden begonnen; werkt door - verleden begonnen; werkt door in het heden (nu nog steeds) in het heden (nu nog steeds)

SignaalwoordenSignaalwoordenFor, sinceFor, since

Vergelijking:Vergelijking:

Past SimplePast Simple

TijdsbepalingTijdsbepaling

AfgeslotenAfgesloten

In 2009 I went to In 2009 I went to England England

Present Perfect

Tijd niet belangrijk

Toen begonnen, nu nog zo ‘link’ met heden

I have gone to England twice

Examples!Examples!

1. I … this book yesterday. (buy)1. I … this book yesterday. (buy)2. In 1996 I … James O’Brien. 2. In 1996 I … James O’Brien.

(marry). We … together for three (marry). We … together for three years now. (be)years now. (be)

3. She ... me: “I … never to London” 3. She ... me: “I … never to London” (tell – be)(tell – be)

4.4. Mitchel … working early this Mitchel … working early this morning. He … non-stop till now. morning. He … non-stop till now. (start – work) (start – work)

Examples!Examples!

1. I 1. I boughtbought this book yesterday. (buy) this book yesterday. (buy)2. In 1996 I 2. In 1996 I married married James O’Brien. James O’Brien.

(marry). We (marry). We have been have been together for together for three years now. (be)three years now. (be)

3. She 3. She toldtold me: “I me: “I have have never never been been to to London” (tell – be)London” (tell – be)

4.4. Mitchel Mitchel startedstarted working early this working early this morning. He morning. He has workedhas worked non-stop till non-stop till now. (start – work) now. (start – work)

6.2 future6.2 future

1.1. Vorm: Shall / will + hele werkwoord Vorm: Shall / will + hele werkwoord Iets gaat in de toekomst gebeuren (zeker)Iets gaat in de toekomst gebeuren (zeker) * ‘shall’ bij I + we in vraagzinnen* ‘shall’ bij I + we in vraagzinnen

The magazine will arrive tomorrowThe magazine will arrive tomorrowShall we/I clean up the living room? Shall we/I clean up the living room?

2.2. Vorm: ‘to be’ + going to Vorm: ‘to be’ + going to Iemand is iets vast van plan, zal Iemand is iets vast van plan, zal waarschijnlijk wel gebeuren. waarschijnlijk wel gebeuren.

I’m going to buy a book tomorrowI’m going to buy a book tomorrow

Examples!Examples!

1. Jenny … me this afternoon. 1. Jenny … me this afternoon. (phone)(phone)

2. The paper … tomorrow. (arrive) 2. The paper … tomorrow. (arrive)

3. … I … you a hand? (give)3. … I … you a hand? (give)

4. Josh is … (not eat) anything for 4. Josh is … (not eat) anything for 24 hours. 24 hours.

Examples!Examples!

1. Jenny 1. Jenny is going to phoneis going to phone me this me this afternoon. (phone)afternoon. (phone)

2. The paper 2. The paper will arrive will arrive tomorrow. tomorrow. (arrive) (arrive)

3. 3. ShallShall I I givegive you a hand? (give) you a hand? (give)

4. Josh is 4. Josh is not going to eat not going to eat (not eat) (not eat) anything for 24 hours. anything for 24 hours.

6.3 Passive6.3 Passive

Vorm: Vorm: – vorm van ’to be’ (worden) + vorm van ’to be’ (worden) +

voltooid deelwoord voltooid deelwoord Wanneer gebruik je het?Wanneer gebruik je het?

– Om aan te geven wat er gebeurt; Om aan te geven wat er gebeurt; het is niet belangrijk wie het doet:het is niet belangrijk wie het doet:

Het onderwerp doet NIETS!Het onderwerp doet NIETS!

Present Passive: Present Passive: – Tim Tim is askedis asked to leave the room to leave the room

Past PassivePast Passive– Tim Tim was askedwas asked to leave the room to leave the room

Present Perfect PassivePresent Perfect Passive– We’We’ve been toldve been told not to leave yet not to leave yet

To be: To be: am/is/aream/is/are voor present passive voor present passive was/werewas/were voor past passive voor past passive

have beenhave been voor present perfect voor present perfect passivepassive

+ voltooid deelwoord+ voltooid deelwoord

Examples!Examples!

telltell 1.1. When I was seven years old I .. When I was seven years old I .. that Santa Claus didn't exist (that Santa Claus didn't exist (bestond).bestond).

wearwear 2.2. Suits like these ... often ... by Suits like these ... often ... by R.E.S.O.R.T.R.E.S.O.R.T. skiers.skiers.

keepkeep 3.3. This story ... a secret for many This story ... a secret for many years.years.

carrycarry 44.. In some countries rescue In some countries rescue equipment ... by dogs.equipment ... by dogs.

writewrite 55.. The prize-winning story in last The prize-winning story in last week's week's ShoutShout ... by a twelve-year-old ... by a twelve-year-old boy.boy.

Examples!Examples!

telltell 1.1. When I was seven years old I When I was seven years old I was was toldtold that Santa Claus didn't exist ( that Santa Claus didn't exist (bestond).bestond).

wearwear 2.2. Suits like these Suits like these areare often often wornworn by by R.E.S.O.R.T.R.E.S.O.R.T. skiers.skiers.

keepkeep 3.3. This story This story has been kepthas been kept a secret a secret for many years.for many years.

carrycarry 44.. In some countries rescue In some countries rescue equipment equipment is carriedis carried by dogs. by dogs.

writewrite 55.. The prize-winning story in last The prize-winning story in last week's week's ShoutShout was writtenwas written by a twelve-year- by a twelve-year-old boy.old boy.

6.4 Tags6.4 Tags

Kort vraagje: toch, he?!Kort vraagje: toch, he?!

Zin: Zin: Tag:Tag:Bevestigend (+)Bevestigend (+) Ontekennend (-)Ontekennend (-)They walked a long wayThey walked a long way diddidn’tn’t they? they?

Ontkenned (-)Ontkenned (-) Bevestigend (+)Bevestigend (+)You areYou aren’tn’t tiredtired are you?are you?

Of in de ‘tag’ of in de zin staat NOT!Of in de ‘tag’ of in de zin staat NOT!

1. 1. Bevestigend/ontkennend (1x NOT)Bevestigend/ontkennend (1x NOT)

2.2. Juist werkwoord (uit de zin!)Juist werkwoord (uit de zin!)

They They areare nice people, nice people, arearen’t they?n’t they?

Maar: “They travelled far, Maar: “They travelled far, didn’tdidn’t they? they?

3.3. Juiste woord erachter (vaak al uit de Juiste woord erachter (vaak al uit de zin)zin)

These bedsThese beds are nice, aren’t are nice, aren’t theythey??

Welk werkwoord?Welk werkwoord?

Maak een vraagzin!Maak een vraagzin!

Examples!Examples!

1. You’re going to fast for charity, 1. You’re going to fast for charity, … ?… ?

2. You were going to ask me, … ? 2. You were going to ask me, … ?

3. Mike travelled a long way, … ? 3. Mike travelled a long way, … ?

4. We didn’t send an application 4. We didn’t send an application form, … ? form, … ?

Examples!Examples!

1. You’re going to fast for charity, 1. You’re going to fast for charity, aren’t youaren’t you??

2. You were going to ask me, 2. You were going to ask me, weren’t youweren’t you? ?

3. Mike travelled a long way, 3. Mike travelled a long way, didn’t didn’t hehe? ?

4. We didn’t send an application 4. We didn’t send an application form, form, did wedid we? ?

6.5 ‘if’ zinnen6.5 ‘if’ zinnen

I will go home, if I’m doneI will go home, if I’m done will + if + ww (tegenwoordige tijd)will + if + ww (tegenwoordige tijd) hele wwhele ww

I would go home if I were tired I would go home if I were tired would +would + if + ww (verleden tijd)if + ww (verleden tijd) hele wwhele ww

Remember: If + will or would is never any Remember: If + will or would is never any good!good!

Examples!Examples!

1. I will go by bus if the weather … 1. I will go by bus if the weather … (is/was) rainy. (is/was) rainy.

2. You would buy a sandwich if you 2. You would buy a sandwich if you … (are/were) hungry. … (are/were) hungry.

3. I … (will/would) go by bus if I 3. I … (will/would) go by bus if I were you. were you.

4. Francis … (will/would) ask me to 4. Francis … (will/would) ask me to go with her if she had the chance. go with her if she had the chance.

Examples!Examples!

1. I will go by bus if the weather 1. I will go by bus if the weather isis (is/was) rainy. (is/was) rainy.

2. You would buy a sandwich if you 2. You would buy a sandwich if you werewere (are/were) hungry. (are/were) hungry.

3. I 3. I wouldwould (will/would) go by bus if I (will/would) go by bus if I were you. were you.

4. Francis 4. Francis wouldwould (will/would) ask me (will/would) ask me to go with her if she had the to go with her if she had the chance. chance.

6.6 Myself / yourself / 6.6 Myself / yourself / etc.etc.

Gebruik: Gebruik: Als je iets met nadruk wilt Als je iets met nadruk wilt

zeggen.zeggen.

I want to do this myself!I want to do this myself!

6.7 Inkorten van 6.7 Inkorten van zinnenzinnen -ing vorm: -ing vorm:

inkorting ipv bijzin met hetzelfde inkorting ipv bijzin met hetzelfde onderwerponderwerp

Voltooid deelwoord:Voltooid deelwoord:inkorting ipv zin of bijzin in de inkorting ipv zin of bijzin in de passive passive

LeaningLeaning back in his office seat … back in his office seat … SurroundedSurrounded by palm trees … by palm trees …

Examples!Examples!

Look Look 1. Kirtsty had a hard time, … 1. Kirtsty had a hard time, … after her little sister.after her little sister.

Think Think 2. … of summertime, I wish 2. … of summertime, I wish for sunshine!for sunshine!

HelpHelp 3. … by the teacher, I 3. … by the teacher, I finally understood the exercisefinally understood the exercise

HaveHave 4. … a great time always 4. … a great time always makes me so happy!makes me so happy!

Examples!Examples!

Look Look 1. Kirtsty had a hard time, 1. Kirtsty had a hard time, looking looking after her little sister.after her little sister.

Think Think 2. 2. ThinkingThinking of summertime, I of summertime, I wish for sunshine!wish for sunshine!

HelpHelp 3. 3. HelpedHelped by the teacher, by the teacher, I finally understood the exerciseI finally understood the exercise

HaveHave 4. 4. HavingHaving a great time a great time always makes me so happy!always makes me so happy!

6.8 6.8 VerbindingswoordenVerbindingswoordenZie boekZie boek Let op of het woord in de zin een Let op of het woord in de zin een

tegenstelling is, een reden aangeeft, etc.tegenstelling is, een reden aangeeft, etc.AsAsUnlessUnlessBut But HoweverHoweverAlthoughAlthoughThereforeThereforeWhereasWhereasbecausebecause

6.9 Comparison6.9 Comparison

Gebruik: Gebruik: als je wilt vergelijkenals je wilt vergelijken

Vorm: Vorm: -er / -est (bij woorden met één lettergreep)-er / -est (bij woorden met één lettergreep)great – greatgreat – greaterer – great – greatest est

more … / most … (bij woorden met drie of more … / most … (bij woorden met drie of meer lettergrepen)meer lettergrepen)

Amazing – more amazing – most amazingAmazing – more amazing – most amazing

Bij 2 lettergrepen: Bij 2 lettergrepen: More… /most…More… /most…

Behalve woorden die eindigen op: Behalve woorden die eindigen op: -ow-ow-le-le-er-er-some -some -y -y krijgen -er / -est krijgen -er / -est

Uitzonderingen op dit alles: Uitzonderingen op dit alles: bad – worse – worst bad – worse – worst

good – better – bestgood – better – best