FM100_5_1939

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Transcript of FM100_5_1939

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,.. ,

U 64. In gencrnl, air operations involve three fundnrnentnl

tacticlli functions:Air attack, which 1s the attack of objectives on the ea rlh’smarfnce by filrcrnft;

Air $uhtlng, which 1s tho act of fighting between ah’craftIn flight;

-Air reconnaissance nnd observation, which is tJlc ga!nh~gof information through visual and photogrn]lhlc mennscarried hl aircraft.

~ 55. In accordance with the purpose for which ah’craftare ordinarily employed, militnry aviation 1s divided as fol

. Jews: combat; reconnaissance, observation, and liaison;trunsport; md training and special purpose aviation..~Combat Wdknq 1s ormmhxxt, equipped, and trminect to

engage In offcnslve and defensive air operations by air attnckand air fighting. Corresponding to the means with whichequipped,’ combat avlntlon is organized into bombrtrdment

oand pursuit units. Mcdlum and long-rnnge rccmnmiswmceis performed by bombnrdmcnt types of afrcrnft.

f?ecomatssancc, 01MCI WWW2, and Uafson av?atton is mgm-

f7d, cqulppcd, nnd trnincd to conduct nit rccommlssmcc,

abscrvo fire, gnln milhry Information by vhunl and pimLogrsphto mums, ml Wansmt hMrUctioris *IXI reports h nc-

CWdniMO W}th tho 01’C.leMf SllPj301’~C(iUBljtSto whtch GrKnnicolly” mslgned or ottnched. It Includes both hcnvh+hml-

zMr alroraft and balloons. Although armed for thclr ownPFOCCCWXI, for air Mtack ox nir flghtln~.hey are not sukbk

w I

o

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_

‘,

81 123, Far opordlms in the flcld, a shff Is usually organized

into two cchclons or pnrties, one of whtch accomp8nk+9 the

cmnmnndcrc (q%opflrso210 and 230.) Ille cftictent opQra

tkm of n stnff depends hrgdy on Its proper functional or-

gnnizatlon and the distribution of work nnd cooperative $pltitm~mng lts mctnbcrs. (Bee SC)FM)

X! 124. To Insure cflcctk? coordndhn Wzfsat oflcm areoften sent to subordinate and adjacent heodquarter$. ~ey,SCCko ICFUIIthe :ns~nctlons and plnns of the commamler

tO WIXUIIaccredited, and present their own commander’s

vkws concerning the slhmtion and W conduct of operations.liaison Miccrs are habMaI1ysent from supporting to sup

ported units. They act as advisers on the stafl of the com-mnnder of the unit to which sent on matters concerning the.supporting arm.“ A liaison ofIlcer assists in keeping hls own commander cur-rcn tly jnformeci of the progress of the operations togetherwilh his impressions thereof. He does not return to hishenclquarters or unit until his mfssion is fulfilled or an imn~erilate pcrsond report becomes necessary. The presence ofo I!nIson ofilcer does not rellcve a subordinate commander ofthe duty of keeping his superior lnformcd of the sitimtlon

through normal channels.~ 125. In every headquarters there is a constant tendency to

multip?y personnel, expand the functions of stafT administration, and accumulate records and o!llc~ equipment, Thecomrnarxicr must limit such expansion to an esscnt!al mMmurn and organize his headquarters so as to maintah itsre4dhxw for pl ompt movement.

The organization, ftmctlons, and duties of the various divi-SIOPSmd scctloris of the gencrel and speclnl staffs of largeudts, and the corresponcitng stnff subdivltiions of smallerunits are prescribed in SOFM.

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(WMIW, on the other hind, cannot obtnin a completepicturo of the enemy sltuatkm to my grent depkh in rtuir of

the hostile rcconnmlssance 8CIWMI,CavQky ncec!s the co-

qxm tkm of reconntilsmnce wintion h order to conserve Mcombfit.Wcngth and direct its ground reconnfi!ssottce In the

CMsiw? direct!on nnd Rrwi, Cavalry can mdntdn contlnu-

CNMctmlnct, Qpcratc under weather conditions which ptocdudc nir rectmttiimmce, and determine detttils of enemyactivll>y,strength, composition, and combd value.

M Mfr. ~}c indiscrlmjnate mhcing of horse and mechanized

cav~~TYUnhs results h~o rcduct~on in the cfIlckncy of both.To eiwh k assigned U~ereconnaissance mhdon for which It

is best suited according to Its characterlstks.

Rcconnaiswmce units of horse caWrjI hnve the advantageof grt!nter mobility ncross country and treodom of conditions

of wcnther, terrain, and suDplY. Their speed and range ofactirm arc, however, limited. The great value of horseca.vnlty on reconnaksnnce missions lies in M ablllty to dc-term hIc CMnils of hformation, to observe the enemy where

secrc~y is essential, and to cstabllsh a closely knit recon

nnlssance screen.

Mrchantztxi reconnatwznce unfts, bccnuse of their road

speed, nrc useful for quickly seizing widely scpmated andds{ nnt kmljtfes. Their mobility 1s comporntlvely sensitive

to tcrrnln nnd weather, They are dependent upon condi

thns of rwtds and weather and the replenishment of gasollne

and oH. The grcnt value of mechanized cnvaky lies in lbahlllloy to mwcute n distnnt reconnakxmnce mlssfon when Urne

1s a vihd factor, and to establish an exlenshm reconnaissanceacrcen over a wide nrca.

~ I&?. Itcconnhkumce mlss~ons must be ckarlg defined.

The cmcntiat Items 01 in~omuztbn desired by We commamicr

and their rclntive importance must be expdcltly stated h hisInstmtlons for rcconnnkmmct?. (Eke pws, 127-328, nnd pt.

(me, m’lw, vol. x.)‘Nw comma.ndcr rofluhttcs~the cskabllshmont and mnhik

WIIIW of slgrml commtinicntion so as @ lusure the promptmwl tdhbk tmmsmlsslon @ the results of rcconnml.wnce.He txwrdhmtrs the cotnmmdcallon to M uiscd between nlr

e

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mxi#Dmtv8c8 mauthmn’u

I

151- b4

J@1530 CtWitky units charged with the txecutlori of closerwxmnak$immc regulate their activity by their mission andtho nctMty of the enemy. They usually operate under directlcm of the corps commander who fixes the mxonmiksarkcc

Itasks to be pmformcd and regulates the distance at which

UICYare to operate In front of the leading divisions.A cavalry unit ~sslgned to a reconnaissance misdon gert

crally details separate forces for the execution of reconna!s

&nnce ml for its own security.

Zones of rccomaimance &re assigned to re-notssuncedetachments which vary in strength and cc!mpositlom aocord!ng to the opposition expected ond the mlsston to be executed.

‘ C3reater strength and a more aggressive IWSIW are givm to‘tho detachment operntlng in the more dcdstve aones.

When contact with the enemy is expected, the adounae is

‘mt’tdcb~ bounds from one tcrrsln lln~ to another. Thelength of bounds MIdctcrmh’mi by the mud net cmd tho dls-

14WC qmt of the attcccsstvocrltkxklterrain 1W8. M M@tiktance to the enemy CMXWWNWS,he Wands are made shorter.

U 154. (Mound forces ms!tlgncdto rccmwmlasance mlsatons

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.

REOUIATIO?V3

i ordinate commtmdem to mnke the neccswwy prepmatkm forR contemplated qixwhlon. lb principal ~urposc k to I@ n

; time for prcpnrntory :mcnsurcs and to conserve the energy.

of the troops. ~ ,1

+ ~ 200. In the division Rnd smaller unf~, orders arc frequentlyissued in frngmerttnr~ form in order to exp~clitc opemtlons,Such /ra~mcnhzry or&s mny be extracts from W cornpkl corder or may cover the various phases of nn opcrntion successlvcly. The instrl~ct$ons must contdn 011 that js ncccs

sary for the unit conc@med to know at the moment in order

to carry out its misslono

@ X1l. lt !s Impossible to prcscrlbc forms of orders to fit everytactical situation. To attempt to do so would result in a

rigid form and a routlnc style of expresskm whfch would notbe in accord with the, tnctlcal requirements, prcsent,ed by thediverse 8Mmtlons thnt tmlsc in war. (See jmr. !’)2.)

How much h to bc included tn a flcld order depends upont~~esi~unt~on in e~cl~.cfisco Infornmtlon of the enemy nmcibe included onJy in case it has not been covered ndcqu~telyfn intelilgcnce previously dlsmminated. only so much of theadministrative provisions mw covered in fkld. orders as must

be known to subordinhtc unkWhether the order bc Issued orally or In written form, os

a complete order or in frngmentmry form, the order mustprovldq. for the combined and coordinated action of M pnrts.

of the command.

E 202, Admfnistrathk orders are employed” by kwge units

for issuing instructions rclatlvc to trd?ic, supply,evficu~tion,and other admin!strntlve matters. TWy are Issued undercircumstnnccs when such Instrucllons ftrc too volumhms tobc cmbdcd M the flcld OIXICV, M other thncs undernd CIIO

cumstancc~ which do”not rc~hh fhld orders. ‘IWir ntmhr

arxl context can be grcfitly rcducml by the ndoptlon of S1Om\-

Ing proccdums. (See par. 205.)The hcnctlw and emlkw are slmll~r to those ;f flcld ordws.

If the admlnktrattve order is to accompnny n ftcki order,Athe heading contains ~lmreference: To accompnny Fc) —.

The body of the adrnJnlfMatlve order contnlns inform ntlonand instructkms for the commmxl as n whoIc rclqthjc to the

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.

SECURITYI)U~lNaS)$WOf’MENT

M 335. With the approach of n marching column to closecontact with strong hostile forccs$ it becomes ncccssrwy toabandon the road and to develop the route column ht o 0

broader formation. Hostile mtlllcry may Cffccthpclyirder-dicfi doyli~ht movement on romts at rnngcs UP to 10 miles.

Open tcrrdn, extended hosttlc obscrvatlon, nnd the th~’cntof air attack m~y nccessjtate an earlier developmcnIt. As arule, tlmc cm be swed and 10SSCS&voJdcd by dctourjngareas under hostiJe observation or fire.

ltl~e dcvclopmen~ of MC route column js effected bybreaking the single column hto several rough]y POmllclcolumns, each of which !s ass!gned n mnrch objcctlvc. As

contact with the enemy becomes immlncnt, thtxw coltmms“are themselves developed into smaller columns. In thedevelopment of a iargc Unit a IxMon of its strengl h Is hclti

“,back until contact with the enemy has clnrlf!cd the sltunttlon.Time is generally gained in the execution of the dqvclop-

ment by msslgning the longest routes to the lcmling unl ts ofIthe march column. t i J

H 836. The advunce ~tmrd m~y be employed as a cov&lngforce to protect tho dcvclopmcn~; of the main body or ~t maycease to owwte as a security detachment nnd be given ncombat dsslon as a part of lhe whole force. In ~lthcrcase, each column into which the command 1s dcv loped

covers its advance with a security detachment. T

W 33?. Erich unit becomes rcspondbk for mmnnat&mme

of its obJcctiveand M own kmt sccurfty M soon M thd uext

hlghcr unit !s developed. Ot’dm’Sfor develo~nnent frequentlyassign rcconnakmnce zones to subordinate units, Teyinln

features that a~ord an insight into & imstllc dispositions

i1.02 t ,i

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,’4>

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m 39!?.When a town IS occupied during the course of miltt~ry operations, the senior comnmnder of troopsmust take

immedtatc steps to provide a suil~nbk guard for SCWMI GM

PWCC protection, dcputizlng, if necessm’y, s staff Miter orsubordinate commamlcr as men comtnnnder. Among the

inlttal measures to be taken ~Y the areo commander are theestablishment of m Mmlor gum’d for fire prevention, trarncreguIatlon, and the protection of public utllltles, capturedmnt~rlel, food and wdcr supply; and the employment ‘o! ~

patrols foi searching houses, locnting gassed arcns and prepared demolitions, and seizing wcnpons and communicatkln~.

H 400, SANITATION.—The arcn commander ptotccts the

hefllthof the command by promptly ~nitfattnu and Strlct&enforcing adequate sanltnry measures.

?9 401. Improper disposal of human cxcreta may cause‘+seriousepidemics. Adequate ond suitnb!c latrines are constructed tn npproprloto places fmmcdjatcly upon going intobivouac; in billets, additional latrines are generally neces-

snry. Latilnes for the men, usu~lly onc for cnch company,nrc alwnys located on the opposite &lde of camp from the

ki~chcns and so Wed -that thctr drnina&ecannot PMute the

wster ~pniy of the area.omc~~ htfhw

we constructedan tho bmsis of one per Imttalkm or slmil~r unit.

‘. ACM am ke~t pollced at all time~. Refuse and garbaae

are burned im burled. Upon tho evacuation of B shelter mea,

fires m ext!figuished,latrines ml kMwi PUSfilled andmnrkmi, and the sltc left in thorou[:h police.

t xi

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. FI13L08M!VICX REGULATIONS 40&470

i 468. If our W rccmwmlswwe and the nctlo~ of our ad-vnnced dettwhmenix fail to estnbllsh clcflnltcly the main hou-

ttlc pos!hn or itii organized outpost, Lhese leadlng troops arestrongly reinforced by aMIlcry and heavy infantry wcaPon8,

cnd M!ncccmwy by tanks; Me rc!nf ot’ccmcnts are reduced10 R minimum. As thus rclnforccd, the Ieoding troops execute a rccmmzissancc in @rce agdnst critical polnb in theenemy’s outpost zone in order to brink through the hostilescreen and drive in the enemy’s covering forc~s. Their gen-eml mission is to 6ekJe the ter’rnin which wI]], permit the

proper deployment of the command, especially of the artillery, and give an insight into the hostile battle positkm.”

E 469. The action of the leading troops results in B seriesof engagements for the possession of Important points in theforeground of the hostile battle pokltlon. The result of thesepreliminary operations determines either that the leadingtroops have established surnciently Lime contact with themain enemy forces or that a further advance of the leadingtroops is required. ‘~his advance h usually made by boundsuntil the leading -troops finally cncoulltcr ~ well-organtzedsystem of clcfcnsive fires of the host 110artillery and heavy

infantry wcapcms, which circumst~nce may be taken m a

reliable indication that the hostile b~ttle position has beendevebped. The Ieadlng troops establish themselves on thecrltlcal po!nts which they have reac~led and take over thesecurity of the deployment of the moss of the artillery.

During these prdlminary operatiom the cavalry seeks tolocate the flanks of the host~le position. The main body of

infautry Is held back in a position of readhms beyond the

range of hostlic artilkxy fire. Mcttsurcs tire taken to protect

the troops against mechanized atlnck and hostile oir obclcr-

Yatkm and attack,

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U%irect Uie movements of resqrvcs townrd those portions Oflhs MMlc front th~t Mcr the gwntcst prospects for de-CMVOsuccessand 10 support tlie 1311WWJ Woops in rcPul*

M COurilleuittncks.

When pm%u$t a?~lal(on k committed to action by hjghercm’nmamlcrs, it is ccmccntrotcd to protect those pm%!orasofthe f~xmt whm the plml of attfick mks to secure decisiveresults. Pursuit uvlathm is hmnchod clthor at the hour fixedfar tho assmult or during the artll!cry prepmatton. Succes-sive f(wmntions of pursuit aviation advmce at least as far

forward as the position areas of the hostile artillery, drlv-lng the hostik! avimtkm from the air and crippllng the actionof the hostile mWcry by attackfng hosllle observation air-pktncs and bnlloons engaged In the adjustment of art:lleryfire,

The action of co%$?!mtWztfon placed in support of groundkroops is closely coordirmted with tha plan of attack. Itsfirst objectives we hostile reserves nnd tanks forming forcountcrattnck and troop columns moving into the zone ofnctt!on of the main attack. During bnttlc, support &vjationis especiaNy useful ns n mefins, lmmcdJntcly available to thedlvMon or corps commfux.lcr, to cxplojl a success, to restorem ~dvcrse situntkm, or to relnf orce ground troops in over-

coming unexpected resistance.~ 492. CONTINUATION OF ?XIEATTiICK.— The general attackafter the assault of an organized position usunlly brcaka up

into a series of separate combuts throughout the depth ofthe hostile position, These sepor~ te combats are directedby subordinate commanders withh their zones of nct!on andsupported by all the means at their disposal. Their fkst taskk to penetrate the posltlon as for as the lkm of hostile

artillery. As far 8s prncticablc, resistances are either out-

flanked by fire or reduced by envelopment.The utmast importance nttaches to maintaining the can-

tttzuitv and Mreatfon oj the attack by the use of ~e$erves

WI the timely dkwiacement of the supporting artillery andheavy infantry weapons. Reserves sent In at points wherethe greatest progress !s being m~dc protect tlm fimks of theleading units md support them in the rcpthe of counter-

103 .

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m~dti to a~rlko tho matn hostile forcos by puWng forwardmscrvm MW#!,when neces~ary, by constltuUn& B new ~t~lklnit

Cf)~CQto c@k?!l~ the pUWt.When the enemy BucceedsIn establishing himself ins c@-

Uon frmn which he mmot be quickly dislodged, the M&petioroumnwnder must take prompt measures to coordina~ MBattack again, supporUng it with aU availnble artillery fire*

#concentrated on the critical terrain,

R 50(3.‘&he enemy’s attempts to organize his retreat undwthe cover of darkness must be frustrated. Under no circum-

stances must he be Rllowed to break contact. UnM whichhave advanced without serious opposition conti~~’e theirmarch during the !Nght. Other units org@ze sw %dve

Mmlted attnclm against the enemy in their front. Combataviation $enrches enemy routes of retreat with flares, andbombs all enemy columns djscovcred.

During n nipht IWSUU,the hmding infmtry and cavalrydetachments push their advance along all mmllable roads,folIowed by the main pursuing forces. The attached fieldart!llery advances by echelon going Into successive pcxltiorwfrom which it can lntcrdlct the enemy’s routes of retreatctt.hcr by map firing or fire conducted by artillery ~l~son

observers which accompany the lewtlug detachments.Prompt report Is made when objectives are reached so thatartlUery fires may be coordinated.

The efiect of artlllcry fire is suppkmented by alr attackson critfcal points In the enemy’s rear area.

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. .

,

R 535. ORGANIXATIONOF h P0s1TN3N.—-Iu the ihtthl deployment for defense, combat groups construct squad IUNIMdivkhml trcnchcs which are organizcci into strong IXIMS.These strong POWS are irregularly grouped and unrqun] IY

spaced so os to trike best advnn’tngc of Lcrrain couclitlons.

Sited prlmmgily with @view to frontal mM mul,wal flankiu~

fire, they arc combined into cazWs o/ resistamx hckt by

larger tnctfcnl units. The contour of the m~ln Mncof resist

ance is thus hsrrgulnr in truce, with elcrnents sited for frontnl

and fhmklng fhbc. Mnchinc 1?11!1sre so W’(I thnt ns n(xu’]y

8’3 practicnblc they cover the cnt)h*cfront of the main line

of rcdsttancc Wh conthwow bands of fire, and mm n~ thesame thne capmble of dcllvcrlng Iong-ranm? fire clurlnc thehostile npprooch and of tnklng under cnfllade flrc hostile

elements which succeed in penetrating the main Mm of

resistance.

The general trace of obs~ucles depends chkfly upon the

fmnkhw fhw and defenses. By a proper coordhmtlon ofenfllndc fire, demolitions and obstacles, ond a suitable ar

rangement of LIQIIS, is made to cnnnllze the hostilettemptottotk Mo nvcnucs of opprmwh whete it MU come untlerthe destructive fire of 011avatlablo weapons. Artificial ob.

stacles In tho front of the main Ilnc!of resistmcc should beconcealed from hostilo obscrva~im; conccalmmt of obstnclesin front of the outpo~ts ts immvmtlcable when in contact

with the enemy.

In movjng sltuntkms time will rarely bc avalhble for the

construction and cmnouflage Of comwwdcation hxmckN,

t ma

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troops as a prellmkwy tu a delaylng action or the renewo~

Of the defense on ~ retirwm! position, or to avoid dectslveClofeRt by effecting a retirement.

m668. Thc hewler the previous fighting and the closer theengagement with the enemy, the tnorc dUIicult will be theprocess of breaking all combat. TMs operation is facUMted

by concernment of dispositions and movements, by surprise

in the ciclivery of fire anti, when practicable, by lm~l cmm-

tcrstrokes.

U 550. A wll.hdrnwal by dnylight involves suoh heavy10SSCSand so great a degree of dlsorgfmlzathm that it b

USURIIYpreferable to hoki out at all costs until nightfall and

effect the withdrawal und& the cover of darkness. As aYMC,only rcarwnrd echelons cm be withdrawn by cloy.

The commander who orders a withdrawal designates srcamard or assembly positio?~ on which the troops wfll pre-

pme for a renewal of res~slmce or under the protcct~on Of

which the troops may, if clrcumstmces so require, be nssem-bkd for further retrograde movement.

~ 500, The troops engaged stubbornly hold their positions.

If this is impossible, they avoid a decision by a delaying

fiction and await the arrhml of darkness before actuallybreak~ng off combat.

The commander makes spcchd provision for hokling aslong as poss~ble the road centers that control the commun\-

c~tions to the rcnr, Rnd the fcfitures of the tcmnln thatQNM extcndeil obscrvntlon over lho nrcns in rem of theWMe frOnL

Successful counternttficks crcntc the condlttons most favor-able LOthe withdrawal, In this cmmectkm. combnt Watlono

mcchim174xl Wtxt, nqd chcmlcd troops cml bc of matcrlat.flflslstl?ncc.

Pursuit aviation seeks CSPCCMYo relieve the lines of rc-lrent from alr obse;vatlon and the presmre of hostile com-

bat nviation. me attack of lmlhmne nnd obscrvxtio~ air-

planes ndjus{ing hostile RrtlNcrY fhse hi also of grcnt lmpor-

tnnee.

t fv l

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2t04

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{!OR60ATN WOODSANDTOWNS

n 620s GENERN ..—C?ombnth woods nnd ?owns presc?nts ccr-

tdn common dimvwtcristics 9!mMkr to those of nlfiht comht,

among thcm rcduccd cffactiveness of fire md obscrw tion,hmreased importmmc of close combat, Rnd di~liculty in con-trol Of troops. pighting is at close ranfiO,find the outcome

depends Iargcly upon the !nitlative nnd lndcpcndcnt action

d subordinate leaders. Combat is usually so strenuous thntthe effective strength of Units is soon used Up.

OE630. Woods and towns constitute nntmxd stron~ points

and oficr conccnlmcnt ngtdnst air and ground ohservntion

and protection ognh~st tanks and mechankwd attfick; they

facilltgte the construction of obstftcles, barrhmdcs, andtraps, nnd, therefore, have a strong defensive vnluc. On UN

other hind, they nMrnct artillery fh’e and air bowibmhnent

and prolong the contaminating effect of chcmicnk; they

exert n Mncful nttrncthm for troops which cnn cnsily lendto the dl%~lpationof a commwd unless encrgcttc counter-measures me tnkcn by subordinate commnndem.

M 632. AgMW towns find vl]litges, the nmSSCd fhe Of wtll.

lery produces IIIW nwal, ONMMal, and lncendhry effect;the fire hnznrd 1s wry mttt and must be gwwcltxt smnlnst.Against WOOdI$ the fire Of mitl~k?t’y, c%cq~t for chcn~!cn!s,18empIoycd Most CITCcLiVclyagnhl!lt the mlicntv nnd cd~cfi,

210

I

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Mvnwm ~ufirtl, mhwlon and mploymcn#456-450,4$3

Cmmwt, prmtgolml *.** ..* -.***- --- *- W-Mummwcm RIM& W!tkm N?qttirod... -* ..- 45WM

DwtNopm?ntand d@oymcnt . . ...465461.. . .Ort’tc!ra, 45%4oamuo Uud Contenm.. . . .“. . . .“ .

~ccolinfilatimno~..=.. a. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400,401AmMmm-Jhwt?lopu’mtt Ompklymnt. . . . . . *. . . *W-.9 666Mhutry unit, arnploykncnt-*-..--***- 00-9 $57C)b@CttVtM9 aw-*m*O-* - *-e---o.* *.+**-**. “ti - W)

1 &-u-*-o-o-O***.----* -*- owl~Q$ii:t’ Q~~Ptoynlo~]~

Axtihxy fh, wnpioytnent. . . . . . . . . . ..m - 6$()Wntiuck fmmntlws ond t~cklm-.. . . . 696-697Eillploylm?nt, purpose mid c}mroctw

M9tks . 49 8019-.60S*O*w*wa-*-- a-------- ...*---* Wdera, lSWe and contents . . . . . . . . - 593,695,607

Pmpmmtiow ---M.*-- ---- 0--- . . . . . . . . -- WL4W4. Troops, employment. .--. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 60+697

Units, employment and Uhpositlon. . ..- IXNH!H)70rtler8-

lkldgc construction, rlwr cro.sslng~- _. .A 822McothAg cngngement, amtenk. . . . ... . . . 466,462Nlgttt, Contcntlt------------------- 603.696,697

Organizwt posWm---Artillcry tic, prepmntlon nncl support. 481-48fJ,

48&.498Amault -----”4 ------- *------ ------- --- 488”4Q9Conduct -------- --.---d. -------- ------ 4 3400ContlnuatMn oftcr amnlllt ---- . . . . . !9%4 (J,498DIW1Onplnh, cornpodtlon and prcpwb

‘tkm-a---- ------ -s---- S---..- . ...---. --” 480

Inlnntry units, wtbn- ______ 483-465, 4Q8-4WPlfm prepmatfon --------------------- 479-480IWilmirtfiry opomtlcms ---------------- ~6’#4~Prepfwatlons “e-a--- -- 0----- -------- --Etmwnmkmnceo mhisilon and employment ‘

443?-472, 478

PeneW8t10n-q0q9-0--n-q--- --------- -“*0--- 4!lu&4aaPurWft

Atnnmnlt!on oup ly - 99-00---- .-- .--*”* --9 600r -- w-&&---*.--*.rtlt%ry fire, emp oynwmt

Communication t3yfitem8..._ ------------- 607COnthwt -*---”- --e---- -------- -. ”---- 501--500(%’l?lth’mit!on---- NW-.9-0--e--. ,- ”----- 60$”$0714wtttMIIg, ffiatora governh~g . . . . L.. 4W-W)MOIIUORIIXWI,ornploymcu t.... . . . . . . . . . . 504Pfepai’wone*--- 9-9---O-.*-0009* woo-m600!l%aops, employment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MB-601

RMC!4lmith *-**mm09-aqm ogwa-nm---o.o ~-e-p.o-vm 438IUV4V6m58hqJ5--

JhMMmaft mtlllery, fwnploymcnt. --- ___ 4)10Ark$llcry nrQ, Cmployrncm. -------------- 6i8

m 161m-m140-147

140”150140,161

150

me ~206’’-20$

904206,206

206205-200 .

206-,200

214 ~148,18120s,208

168,16&le61$1-183169-1861*168

16’7

1s9-165*U7162”154

165

162+64,167

191-139

$7010%369

3$?-170am” 1(J 9MNPM16

18’8W?

160-16’?190

“I’?744(Y’-*W’--WI 236*

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_ _

I

. — ———.

� OkiJ@vc8@ictkm, find employmcut Of forces. - W-W.’ ‘‘ OiMnWe. $cc mwwx.a.’,t:,order!! Rnd 10structkq8, chohnc3~8,mid re”pon,.

albilltv ------*O w-mad-o.a--- em---- 90---- - 117,118Re&mnmwmco- II

.,6, .

tIh’lttlooqq----

--- **”-- ----- 0-- mv---.w- ..- 470

., ~?mtlng cl]gngclllent ------------------ 400, Ml.,’ 0b. ;: Mtwlons, dcflnitldn and assignment.. lM” 142,..; ” M4, 147.400,f:”’

Orgnnlzcti posltl~p . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .“t”?“ Q,.” ,

(, Retlremcn t—,“. Cbrnmnndcr, tc~p&iblSlty and duho4’ .,P En@nccr8, employment -----------------

. Flouk gumct .6 ------- ------o- -------., .. . Ordm imd dcclslon -------------------

t,, Rcnr gtmrd -------- -- ”----- -------*t: Troop?I, employ merit ------------------

Rlvcr crosAYIgR0, ArtlW!ry, dcfcnm-- --------------*“ Attnck, Scc AmAcK.

1.Chmring lorccs -4----- --.---- -------Fnctors govcrnlng, gOneral __ _

Wltl~drfiwnI, delaylng diction ------------Secrecy nnd cmworshlp meaznwes--- -------Secutlty prccnlltlol~s. ----.. ----. ----.-l.

.

, Towns- 1. Attnck. See A~ACK.Ii’, Defcnfilve position, organlzatton ------,*. .

Employment, general characterletlcm+UnM+

I Le~dmshjp, prJnctplea -----------------4 fw!cmlty plecnt?tlom -------------- . .

.<Wtthdrmw l—

407-472

4G’H72,4’10

6(M 607500

*--- 660ml

.-. 660, 573606-672

026, 627, 028

---- (J24

Forces, locntion nnd employment -------outposts ------- ------- ------- -“----- 13cconnakmncc detachments, en]ploy

mont ------- -----.- ------- ------- ---

002-601028

(324, 028-

024131vcr llne, detonse; employment.623, (X!4,027,028Troops, defrnse. employ merit ------- -.- 624-6211

027134-130

07, 236-340

630,837--- 629-632

W-11O

27--20

34, aG

163160

4243,40, 160,162--164162””16%

157

1O(I107MM106

107, lf?8196--198

216’-217

215207217

215,217

215216-217216-217

21641.-42

29,72-104

220

21&219

20-33

97, w, $!40 20,73

C;:cvc$g forces, &qM310n ancl emptqy *

Ow--oa-------- *---- --------- -.-.- 606 10(3* l)cflnitlon, p~trpomoamt factma gov-

mnlJlg -- ”---- ----- ”-. -------------- 667 -NM) 102-193>

. . IVeld firtllhry, employment ------- -- 4--- 604 ~05

0rdcr4, c0ntcnt8 -00 -9--0 -00 ----- -* -.-* 669,601 193, 194v

Prcfxmltlon -0 ----- ---- 000 -------- .“. . 6W-!%62 103--105. Itmr podtton, aelectlon and pr0p8rWlm~- 602 196

,, . ‘1’rC)ops,enlpioymont _- . .---------- .“. 563-506, 185-106,.

4

. 670-600 200-203

221-222210-219

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------

\~ti ,, I

‘ ‘,

**

,.:,

... ,

.,

,,

,,

Attack-McWng cngflgemont-- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -. 460-401 150

0Organhxi posltton ---------------- 467-472,4’18 16%154.157

Bnttlc.,.

DcfhdtUm md en~ployme~~t- . . . . . . . . . ..- 140 43Mleakm and excoutlon by all arma-.. . . . 140, 43,40-62, 

. .?b

168-167,400,407-473 1s0,. 152-154

KXOWJ,ef’lnltlon mnd employ merit ..-. -------- 13f) ‘ 43

Commmwl ------- -------- --- a.--” -- ”-0 157, 161,400 da-m, MO.,

� Defermlve combat -.-. . . . . . . . . . 627,620, 541,504, NNl ~L’J]L,?

‘ Zoi.

IM’hW!on nnd clnsslfkatlon-- . . . . . . -- J.-..-. 137 42Dctachmcnta, mlmtons, and employment- 153--169. 47-40,

174,230,200,400, 4(37-47264,72,8!5,86,160,152--154

t

Distant, deflnlUon find employ merit . -------- 138 42Chound forces, mlsslons and execution ----- 164. 47.48Gucm#Un warfQrc..-.. .--. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663-076 22&-231M16slotm—

DdMtlon, assignment nnd employment- 138-147. 42-48Dunl ---- 0--- ------- -------- -------- ---- 14+ , 44Execution ------- . --------- 0---0 .-- m-a 149-107 ‘ 40-6~

.,.

Mountalnoua terroln.. -.-. ----. -.--------.: - (M7 223Obsetvatlon fmd llahmn m?latlon, orgfmkn.

thin, mlealon, snd employment chmwXor-UIUC$s --”-0 ---- 0-0 -s-o- 66,67,00,07, 14G,140-167 1(3-20,

’44,40-62

(3Utpmtl!)------- ‘0---- 9------ 0---- -------- --- 306 93Patrols, elnP10yme3~t----------------- 1G4-157, 106 4’?-40, 61Purfmit, ftvl~tion -0.0-00 ---o-n- -- 0---- --*.-- MM 1(Y?

. Rent gunrd --.---0. -------------- --- .*”--- -“- an4 80EUver cromlngs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..- 604, 6(M, 616,024 207,200,

all, 215

Towns ----0--00 0------------ 0--0--0 -99-..-- W14 210

Zones, f@gnmcnt “W--w--oe-. ---00-- -a 163,168,164 4’?,40, 5immIMmJ#T:om osltkm md defhiltton . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3ICESERVZS:obl o, defanm of town . . ..---  ...-.+ 637 220RlvmlB Wn3uh’lg****a-*o-------*V---e---------- 603--630 207-2176ZACOMT Mnumw: mm~ment clmwlflcatlon, com-

P~NW, WI ekn@OYment chm%cterlatks 48 14sxcitrx IKKIUHENTS: mfqwwhg Urlng combat. 134, 135 41, 4a

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