Examen_sensores f2 Ok

8/17/2019 Examen_sensores f2 Ok

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BUENOS DIAS INGENIERO, TAL COMO LE DEJE

EL MENSAJE AYER POR LA NOCHE EN EL

CAMPUS, ESTUVE MANDANDO MI INFORME DE

SENSORES ULTRASONICOS Y COMETI EL

ERROR DE MANDARLE EL INFORME DE RADIO

FRECUENCIA. ESTABA BIEN CANSADO Y QUICE

RECTIFICAR EL ERROR Y MANDAR OTRA VEZ

MI INFORME PERO EL SISTEMA NO ME LO

PERMITIA, NO HAY OPCION DE REENVIO. ES

POR ESO QUE QUERIA SUPLICARLE QUE MEREVISE MI INFORME EN ESTE ARCHIVO YA QUE

DEDIQUE BASTANTE TIEMPO Y DEDICACION A

ESTE INFORME.

AQUÍ ADJUNTO

1. SOLUCION AL EXAMEN.

2. INFORME 8 DE SENSORESULTRASONICOS.

TAMBIEN LE MANDO LA DISTANCIA MAXIMAQUE OBTUVIMOS PARA EL SENSOR Y LASFOTOS COMO LE MENCIONE, MAX DISTANCIAES 2.82m


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GRACIAS POR SU COMPRENCION.

SENSORES Y TRANSDUCTORES

SEGUNDA FASE

Resolver el examen que incluye las siguientes presuntas (de cero a

cuatro puntos).

1. Principio de funcionamiento del sensor de desplazamiento LVD! grafique detalladamente.

". Principio de funcionamiento del sensor de nivel capacitivo grafique detalladamente sus etapas.

#. Principio de funcionamiento del sensor de caudal magn$tico! grafique detalladamente.

%. Principio de funcionamiento del sensor de caudal ultras&nico! grafique detalladamente.

'. a. Descripci&n de ermopares y en que efecto se asa. grafique detalladamente.

. Descripci&n otros tipos de ermopares que se investigan en la actualidad.


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DOCENTE: M. Sc. Ing. JUAN CARLOS COPA PINEDA

ALUMNO: GERARDO ALEXANDER TAPIA MAYUIRE

1. Princii! "# $%nci!n&'i#n(! "#) *#n*!r "# "#*)&+&'i#n(! L,DT-r&/0%# "#(&))&"&'#n(#.

E! "#$n%&'#m$('# ()&*#*nc)$! (* +$#)$c)n !)n*$! %* -$%$ *n !$ +$#)$c)n (* !$)n(c"$nc)$ m"$ *n"#* n /#)m$#)' 0 c$($ n' (* ('% %*cn($#)'% $! (*%/!$1$#%*$ !' !$#g' (* % )n"*#)'# n nc!*' (* m$"*#)$! &*##'m$gn3")c', $##$%"#$(' /'# n+4%"$g' n' &*##'m$gn3")c', n)(' $ !$ /)*1$ c0' m'+)m)*n"' %* (*%*$ m*()#. A!

$!)m*n"$# *! /#)m$#)' c'n n$ "*n%)n $!"*#n$, m$n"*n)*n(' *! nc!*' *n !$ /'%)c)nc*n"#$!, !$% "*n%)'n*% )n(c)($% *n c$($ %*cn($#)' %'n )g$!*%. L*g', %) *! nc!*'%* m*+* (* !$ /'%)c)n c*n"#$!, n$ (* !$% ('% "*n%)'n*% c#*c* 0 !$ '"#$ %* #*(c**n !$ m)%m$ m$gn)"(. N'#m$!m*n"* !'% ('% (*+$n$('% %* c'n*c"$n *n '/'%)c)n%*#)* c'm' %* m*%"#$ *n !$ 5g#$ 6.

Nc)

,&*(&

2 S#c%n"&ri!

1 S#c%n"&ri!Pri'&ri


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E! c)#c)"' *!3c"#)c' *7)+$!*n"* *%

En !$ /'%)c)n c*n"#$!, M6 09 M2 ('n(* E'9:. En !$% '"#$% /'%)c)'n*%(*! nc!*', L6,L2,L2;, M< 0 M2=M6 +$#>$n M< $/#'?)m$($m*n"* (* !$&'#m$ %)g)*n"* M< /#*%*n"$ +$#)$c)'n*% !*n"$% $!#*(*('# (* ?'@ M2 =M6")*n* n$ +$#)$c)n m0 #4/)($ 0 !)n*$!. P$#$ $n$!)1$# c4! *%5n$!m*n"* !$ #*!$c)n *n"#* !$ "*n%)n (* %$!)($ 0 !$ /'%)c)n (*!

+4%"$g', c'n+)*n* c'n%)(*#$# *! (* !$ #*%)%"*nc)$ (* c$#g$ Rc. S) *!%*cn($#)' *%"$ *n +$c)', !$ *?/#*%)n 5n$! (* !$ "*n%)n (* %$!)($ *%

E0=

s ( MI − M 2) E1sL1+ R1

E%"' )n()c$ 7* E' *% /#'/'#c)'n$! $ M2=M6

S) %* *?)"$ $! /#)m$#)' c'n n$ *c*nc)$ &6, !$ %$!)($ *% *n"'nc*% )n(*/*n()*n"* (*& 0 +)*n* ($($ /'#

E0=

s ( MI − M 2) Rc R2 L1+2 L2 R1


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Un$ !)m)"$c)n *% !$ /#*%*nc)$ (* $#mn)c'% *n !$ %$!)($, '"#$ !)m)"$c)n *% !$"*m/*#$"#$, /*% +$#)$ !$ #*%)%"*nc)$ *!3c"#)c$ (*! /#)m$#)' 0 *%"' $&*c"$ !$ "*n%)n(* %$!)($. S) !$ *c*nc)$ (* $!)m*n"$c)n *% $!"$, *n"'nc*% /#*('m)n$ !$)m/*($nc)$ L6 *n"* $ R6 0 *! *&*c"' *% m*n'#.

L$% +*n"$$% (*! LVDT %'n 7* % #*%'!c)n *n !$ /#4c")c$ *% (* :.6. T)*n*#'1$m)*n"' m0 " -$' *n"#* *! nc!*' 0 (*+$n$('% /'# !' 7* )m/'n*n /'c$ c$#g$m*c4n)c$, %'-#* "'(' %) !' c'm/$#$ c'n !'% /'"*nc)m*"#'%, /'# !' 7* !* ($ +)($c$%) )!)m)"$($ 0 $!"$ 5(*!)($(. O*c* $)%!$m)*n"' *!3c"#)c'.

En !$ c'n%"#cc)n (*! LVDT, *! /#)m$#)' %* (*+$n$ $ !' !$#g' (*! c*n"#' (*! nc!*' 0!'% %*cn($#)'% %* ()%/'n*n %)m3"#)c'% #*%/*c"' $! c*n"#'. E! nc!*' *% n$ $!*$c)n(* )*##' 0 N)7*! 0 *%"$ !$m)n$(' !'ng)"()n$!m*n"* /$#$ #*(c)# !$% c'##)*n"*% (*F'c$!". E! +4%"$g' 7* !' $##$%"#$ n' (*-* %*# m$gn3")c'. S% "*n%)'n*% (**?c)"$c)n $c*/"$($% (*%(* 6 $ 2V#m% c'n *c*nc)$% (*%(* :1 $ 2:1. S%*n%)-)!)($( *% (* n'% :.6VHcm.

LAS APLICACIONES MAS INMEDIATAS DE LOS LVDT SON LAS MEDIDAS DEDESPLAZAMIENTO Y POSICION.

En particular, es muy recuente c!m! "etect!r "e cer! en ser#!sistemas"e p!sici$n en a#i!nes y su%marin!s. En !$ %)g)*n"* 5g#$ 2 %* /*(* $/!)c$#*! LVDT $ !$% m*()($% (* $c*!*#$c)n * )nc!)n' m*"#'% m*()$n"* n %)%"*m$ )n*#c)$!.


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F)g#$ 2

C'm' %* /*(* +*# *! ** %*n%)-!* *% $&*c"$(' c$($ +*1 7* *! m*!!* *n +$!$()1'%-* ' -$$, 0 /'# *n(* $0 n m'+)m)*n"' (*! nc!*'.

E*(r%c(%r& in(#rn& "# %n *#n*!r L,DT:

D*%/!$1$m)*n"' (*!

Nc!*'c$n(' %*$m*n"$ '()%m)n0* !$$c*!*#$c)n.


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2. Princii! "# $%nci!n&'i#n(! "#) *#n*!r "# ni#) c&&ci(i! r&/0%#"#(&))&"&'#n(# *%* #(&&*.

Un c'n(*n%$('# *!3c"#)c' c'n%)%"* *n ('% c'n(c"'#*% /!$c$% %*/$#$('% /'# n()*!3c"#)c' %'!)(', !)7)(' ' g$%*'%', ' *! +$c)'. L$ #*!$c)n *n"#* !$ c$#g$, Q, 0 !$()&*#*nc)$ (* /'"*nc)$! V, *n"#* *!!'% +)*n* (*%c#)"$ /'# % c$/$c)($(.

C =Q

V

E%"$ c$/$c)($( (*/*n(* (* !$ ()%/'%)c)n g*'m3"#)c$ (* !'% c'n(c"'#*% 0 (*!

m$"*#)$!, ()*!3c"#)c', ()%/*%"' *n"#* *!!'%, c'm' %* m*%"#$ *n !$ 5g#$

C =ε0

εr A

d

En !$ 5g#$ B /'(*m'% '-%*#+$# 7* 7* K6 0K2 %'n !$% /!$c$% 0 *% *!()*!3c"#)c', *! c'!'# +*#(* *% !$ $!"#$ (*! m$"*#)$!.


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Un$ /!$c$ (* !$% /!$c$% (*! c'n(*n%$('# %*#)$ *! "$n7* 0 !$ '"#$ *% *!*c"#'(' 7**%"4 %m*#g)(' *n *! "$n7*. E%"* *!*c"#'(' ")*n* *n !$ /$#"* (* $##)-$ c'm' n$#m$1n 7* )n"*#n$m*n"* ")*n* n '%c)!$('#. T$m-)3n ")*n* n %*n%'# (* c'##)*n"*0 n "#$n%m)%'#

E! %*n%'# (* n)+*! c$/$c)")+' -4%)c$m*n"* m)(* !$ c$/$c)($( *&*c")+$ * *n"#* n*!*c"#'(' )nm*#%' *n *! )(', 0 n$ %*gn($ /!$c$ c'n(c"'#., L$ %*gn($ /!$c$c'n(c"'#$ /*(* %*# !$ /$#*( (*! *%"$n7* c'm' %* +* *n !$ 5g#$ B, '"#'*!*c"#'(' c'm' %* +* *n !$ 5g#$ 7)(' ' m$"*#)$! *% c'n(c"'# *n"'nc*% *!*!*c"#'(' ")*n* 7* *%"$# )n%!$(' c'm' %* m*%"#$ *n !$ 5g#$ A, /$#$ )('% c'nc'n%"$n"* ()*!3c"#)c$ $!"$. S) *! m$"*#)$! *% n' c'n(c"'# *n"'n*% *! *!*c"#'(' /*(*%*# n$ -$##$ c'm' !$ 5g#$ B, '%*$ /$#$ )('% c'n -$$ c'n%"$n"* ()*!3c"#)c$.

En el caso de un liquido

conductivo ecuación se

simplifica a:

Relación nivel capacidad:


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An$!)1$n(' !$ &'#m!$ /'(*m'% (*(c)#, 7* !$ c$/$c)($( *% /#'/'#c)'n$! $ !$ $!"#$L (*! m$"*#)$!. E6 *% *! ()*!3c"#)c' (* !$ )n%'!$c)n (*! *!*c"#'(' 0 E2 *% *!()*!3c"#)c' (*! m$"*#)$!. S) *! !>7)(' *% c'n(c")+' n' *%"4 $&*c"$(' /'# *! $nc' (*!c'n"*n*('# $%*$ /'# !$ ()%"$nc)$ (


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F)g#*


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S*$!*% (*! +'!"$* )n(c)(' %*#4n (*"*c"$($% )n)c)$!m*n"* /'# ('% /'%"*%,!'% c$!*% *%"4n ()#*c"$m*n"* c'n*c"$('% c'n *! !>7)('. En"'nc*%, *%"$%%*$!*% %'n "#$n%m)")($% $ n $m/!)5c$('% $ "#$+3% (* n c$-!* 05n$!m*n"* %* c'n+)*#"* *n n$ %*$! n)5c$($ (* %$!)($.

En "-'% n' m$gn3")c'%, !$ "$%$ (*! ' %* c$!c!$ $ "#$+3% (* !$ m*()c)n(* !$ +*!'c)($( m*()$ (*! )(' *!3c"#)c' c'n(c"'#

E) '#"i"!r c!n*(& "#

E! /#'/)' "-' (* m$"*#)$! n' m$gn3")c' c'm' *! "*n #*c-)*#"' (* m$"*#)$! n'c'n(c"'# /$#$ n' c'#"'c)#c)"$# *! +'!"$* )n(c)('. T)*n* -'-)n$% g*n*#$('#$% (*!c$m/' m$gn3")c' 0 *!*c"#'('% (*! +'!"$* )n(c)(' *n *! )('.

E=kBlv

E) (r&n*'i*!r:

A!)m*n"$ *!3c"#)c$m*n"* $ !$% -'-)n$.

E!)m)n$ *! #)(' (*! +'!"$* )n(c)('.

C'n+)*#"* !$ %*$! (* mV $ !$ $(*c$($ $ !'% *7)/'% (* )n()c$c)n 0 c'n"#'!.

N' '#)g)n$ c$>($ (* /#*%)n.

S* %$ /$#$ !>7)('% %c)'% 0 +)%c'%'%

E=kBLV

D'n(* *% c'n%"$n"*

B (*n%)($( (*! c$m/' m$gn3")c'

L !'ng)"( (* c'n(c"'# A7> *! c'n(c"'# *% *! !>7)(' 0 L +)*n* $ %*# *! ()4m*"#'(* !$ "-*#>$

V !$ +*!'c)($( (*! )('

Q=v D2

4

Q=k E

B D

O5*#r&ci6n:


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L$ &#m!$ )n()c$ 7* Q (*/*n(*, n' %'!' (* !$ +*!'c)($( + (*! )(', %)n' 7*"$m-)3n (* B, !$ c$! $ % +*1 *%"4 )n)($ /'# !$ "*n%)n (* !$ !>n*$ 0 /'# !$ " (*)('.

E% '-+)' 7* /$#$ '-"*n*# n$ %*$! 7* (*/*n($ n)c$m*n"* (* !$ +*!'c)($(,(*-* *!)m)n$#%* !$ )n*nc)$ (* *%"'% "#*% &$c"'#*% 0 /'# '"#' !$(' *% m0 ()&>c)!m$n"*n*#!'% c'n%"$n"*%.

D* $>, 7* !$ %*$! (* +'!"$* (*! m*()('# %* c'm/$#$ *n *! #*c*/"'# c'n !$ "*n%)n(* #*&*#*nc)$. C'm' !$% ('% %*$!*% (*#)+$n $ !$ +*1 (*! c$m/' m$gn3")c' B, !$"*n%)n (* !$ !>n*$ 0 !$% +$#)$c)'n*% (* "*m/*#$"#$ 0 (* c'n(c")+)($( n' )n0*n*n !$ /#*c)%)n (* !$ m*()($.

E%"* ")/' (* m*()('#*% (* ' %'n, *%/*c)$!m*n"*, $/#'/)$('% /$#$ !$m*()c)n (*! ' +'!m3"#)c' (* *!*c"#)c)($( *n m*()'% c'n(c")+'%, c'm'4c)('%, $!c$!)n'%, %'!c)n %$!)n$, -$##', /!/$, **n"*%, *"c.

7. Princii! "# $%nci!n&'i#n(! "#) *#n*!r "# c&%"&) %)(r&*6nic!- r&/0%#"#(&))&"&'#n(#.

L'% "#$n%(c"'#*% (* !"#$%'n)(' m)(*n *! c$($! /'# ()&*#*nc)$ (* +*!'c)($(*% (*!%'n)(' 0 $! /#'/$g$#%* *%"* *n *! %*n")(' (*! ' 0 *n *! %*n")(' c'n"#$#)'.


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1. Di$#r#nci& "#) (i#'! "# (r&n*i(!

L$ 'n($ %* (*%/!$1$ $ !$ +*!'c)($( /#'/)$, m$% !$ (* $##$%"#* (*!)('., ('n(* c *% !$ +*!'c)($( (*! %'n)('.

E! ")*m/' 7* (*m'#$ !$ %*$! *n !!*g$# (*%(* Em)%'# $! R*c*/"'# *(*

t 1= D

sen∝

1

c+v .cos∝

E! ")*m/' 7* (*m'#$ !$ %*$! *n %*# #**$($ /'# *! #*c*/"'# 0 !!*g$#n*+$m*n"* $! *m)%'# *% (*

t 2= D

sen∝

1

c−v .cos∝

S$-*m'% 7* c *% mc' m$0'# 7* +

L$ +$#)$c)n (*! ")*m/' *%

1−¿ t 2=∆ t =t 1=

D

sen∝

1

c2+v

2.cos

2

∝

t ¿

2vD

c2

tg∝

En(!nc#* )& #)!ci"&" #*:

LQ ∝


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v=tg∝c

2

2 D ∆T

S $/!)c$c)n /#*%*n"$n -*n &nc)'n$m)*n"' *n c$'%

9. &. D#*crici6n "# T#r'!&r#* #n 0%# #$#c(! *# 5&*&. r&/0%#"#(&))&"&'#n(#.

Un "*#m'/$# *% n ()%/'%)")+' /$#$ !$ m*()c)n (* "*m/*#$"#$, -$%$('% *n *&*c"'%"*#m'*!3c"#)c'%. E% n c)#c)"' &'#m$(' /'# ('% c'n(c"'#*% (* m*"$!*% ()&*#*n"*% '$!*$c)'n*% (* m*"$!*% ()&*#*n"*%, n)('% *n %% *?"#*m'% 0 *n"#* c0$ n)'n*%

*?)%"* n$ ()&*#*nc)$ (* "*m/*#$"#$, 7* '#)g)n$ n$ &*#1$ *!*c"#'m'"#)1 *&*c"'SEEBEC.

L$ &*#1$ *!*c"#'m'"#)1 g*n*#$($ /'# *! "*#m'/$# *%"4 *n &nc)n (* !$ ()&*#*nc)$ (*"*m/*#$"#$ *n"#* !$ n)n >$ 0 c$!)*n"*, /*#' m$% *%/*c>5c$m*n"* *%"$ *%g*n*#$($ c'm' n #*%!"$(' (* !'% g#$()*n"* (* "*m/*#$"#$ !'% c$!*% *?)%"*n $ !'!$#g' (* !$ !'ng)"( (* !'% c'n(c"'#*%.

9. D#*crici6n !(r!* (i!* "# T#r'!&r#* 0%# *# in#*(i&n #n )&&c(%&)i"&".


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En !$ $c"$!)($( %* $ *c' )n+*%")g$c)'n*% *n "*#m'/$#*%&$-#)c$('% c'n $m-'% -#$1'% %)n $!*$c)n, c'n *! 5n (* *!)m)n$# !'%*&*c"'% (* )n*%"$-)!)($( 0 g#$()*n"*% (* "*m/*#$"#$ (*-)(' $c$m-)'% n' n)&'#m*% *n !$ c'm/'%)c)n (* !$ $!*$c)n, c$%$('% /'#!$ *?/'%)c)n $ $!"$% "*m/*#$"#$%. A!gn'% (* *%"'% "*#m'/$#*% %'n

*! /!$")n' (= '#' 7* ")*n* m$gn)5c$% c$#$c"*#>%")c$%"*#m'*!3c"#)c$%, g#$n *%"$-)!)($(, *?$c")"( 0 $!"$ #*/#'(c)-)!)($(,$%> c'm' *! "*#m'/$# /!$")n' = /$!$()n' c'n g#$n *%"$-)!)($(.


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ANEXO

EN LA SIGUIENTE GRAFICA SE MUESTRA

DOCE FORMAS DE MEDIR NI,EL

A CONTINUACION ELINFORME NUMERO 8 DE

SENSORES ULTRASONICOS


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UNI,ERSIDAD CATOLICA DE SANTA MARIA

FACULTADDE CIENCIAS E INGENIERIAS FISICAS Y FORMALES

PROGRAMA PROFESIONAL DE INGENIERIAELECTRONICA

SENSORES Y TRANSDUCTORES

PRACTICA 8

SENSORES ULTRASONICOS

ALUMNO: GERARDO ALEXANDER TAPIA MAYUIRE

DOCENTE:

M. Sc. Ing. JUAN CARLOS COPA PINEDA


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GRUPO: < LUNES :: $ 66::#%

AULA: L


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MATERIALES

G#n#r&"!r "# *#>&)#*O*ci)!*c!i!S#n*!r %)(r&*6nic! RX TX

2. DESARROLLO

2. 1.Sin(!ni+&ci6n "#) Tr&n*'i*!r R#c#(!r

C'!'c$m'% *! g*n*#$('# $ n +'!"$* (*


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5? C&'5i&r )& $r#c%#nci& "#) (r&n*'i*!r '#"i&n(# #) c!n(r!)"#) #n#r&"!r &*(& !5(#n#r #n #) r#c#(!r )& 'i*'&$r#c%#nci& )& &')i(%" 'B* &)(&. E) %n(! !(i'! #* &0%#)0%# r!"%c# )& 'Bi'& *#>&) !5*#r&"& #n #) !*ci)!*c!i!.

Fr#c%#nci& "# R#*!n&nci& A')i(%"7


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2.2. E*(&n"! )i5r# "# !5*(r%cci!n#* #) TX RX %)(r&*6nic!-c!'i#nc# & &ri&r )& "i*(&nci& "#*"# c'- &*(& %n& "i*(&nci&'Bi'&- #n )& c%&) n! *# r#c#ci!n# *#>&) #n RX

T!'& "# '#"i"&* "# "i*(&nci&* c!r(&*:

P#)m*#' "'m$m'% ($"'% (*%(* n$ ()%"$nc)$ (* : m)!>m*"#'% $%"$ m)!>m*"#'% 0 '-"+)m'% !$% %)g)*n"*% $m/!)"(*% *n *! #*c*/"'#m'%"#$('% *n !$ "$-!$ 6

A')i(%",? 2. 2. 2.2 2.8 2.Di*(&nci&c'? : :.6 :.2 :.< :.

T&5)& 1. Di*(&nci& "# 9'' #n $%nci6n "# )& &')i(%" "#)r#c#(!r

En !$ g#45c$ 6 m'%"#$m'% !$ ()%"$nc)$ *n &nc)n (* !$ $m/!)"(c'm' !>n*$ $1! 0 n'"$m'% 7* $ m$0'# ()%"$nc)$ !$ $m/!)"( *n *!#*c*/"'# RX +$ ()%m)n0*n('. L$ +$#)$c)n (* ()%"$nc)$ (* 6mm $mm m* ($ n$ +$#)$c)n (* 2. =2.V//. S)n *m-$#g' (*%(* : $6mm $0 n$ +$#)$c)n (*


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cm Am/!)"(+ 2. 2.

2.2

2.8

2.

2.<2

6.

:.8

:.8

:.2

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D*%&$%*% < : 6 6: 26


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: :. 6 6. 2 2. <


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"i$#r#nci& "#) c%r*!r 1 2. S* m)() n (*%&$%* (*%(* : $ 28%/$#$ n$ (*%/!$1$m)*n"' (*! %*n%'# (* : $ 6:cm

TOMA DE MEDIDAS PARA DISTANCIAS MAXIMAS PARA

ENCONTRAR EL ALCANCE MAXIMO

E%"$ /$#"* (* !$ /#4c")c$ !' )c)m'% n m$#"*% /'# !$ "$#(* n "+)m'%7* c'n%*g)# *?"*n%)'n*% /$#$ /'(*# c'n*c"$#!' $! '%c)!'%c'/)' 0$7* *%"* %* (*%/!$1$#>$. P#*/$#$m'% ('% %)!!$% 0 m'n"$m'% !'%%*n%'#*% *nc)m$ (* !$% %)!!$% 0 m'+>$m'% !$% %)!!$% /$#$ 7* !$ %*$!"#$n%m)")($ %*$ ()#*c"$. A c'n")n$c)n %* m'%"#$#$ !$% &'"'% (* *%$*?/*#)*nc)$ )n'!+)($-!*.

A7>c'!'c$m'% !'%('% %*n%'#*%(* "$! m$n*#$7* *%"3n$!)n*$('%.

T+)m'% 7*/*g$# !'%c$-!*% c'nc)n"$ /'#7*

c$n(' %*m'+>$ !$ %)!!$$->$ mc'#)('.


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A7>c'!'c$m'% *!'%c)!'%c'/)'c'n n$*?"*nc)'n

/$#$ 7*/*($ %*#(*%/!$1$('c'n&'#m*m'+>$m'% !$%)!!$.

A7> *%"4 *!g*n*#$('# 0*! %*n%'# 7**m)"* !$ %*$!!"#$%n)c$.E%"$ %)!!$ !$m$n"+)m'%5$ 0 !$ '"#$('n(* *%"4 *!#*c*/"'# *% !$7*(*%/!$14-$m'%

A7> %* /*(*+*# !$ !*c"#$(* !'% ('%'%c)!'%c'/)'% .Un' m)(* !$

%*$! *n *!"#$n%m)%'#/$#$ +*# 7**%"* "'('-)*n, 0 *!'%c)!'%c'/)'*n !$ -$nc$m)(* !$ %*$!*n *! #*c*/"'#.A!!> %* +*n !$%('% %)!!$%

c$($ n$ c'n% %*n%'#


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A7> %*m)() $ n$()%"$nc)$(* 6:cm

M) $m)g' I+$nc'g>$ !$ c)n"$(* m*()# 0 m)c'm/$*#'E($#('()c"$-$ !'%($"'% (*!'%c)!'%c'/)' 00' *%c#)-)$ !'%($"'%. N'%'m'% (*!m)%m' g#/'/*#' n'%n)m'% /$#$$/#*n(*#.

A7>"'m4-$m'%!$% m*()($%(* n m*"$!


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Para

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la

"istanciam()ima.

C!m! se

pue"e #er

las sillas

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A7> %* m'%"#$#$ !'% ($"'% "'m$('% /$#$ *nc'n"#$# !$ ()%"$nc)$m4?)m$.

MEDICION DE DISTANCIA MAXIMA DEL SENSOR ULTRASONICO

DISTANCIA c'? ,OLTAJE ',? FIGURA9 9H 91HH 2.2 99KH.9 23.2 9H12H.8 2 919.2 1K.2 9818.7 1.H 9K218 1H 913278 19.2 91

282 17.7 917


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: : 6:: 6: 2:: 2:


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KH.9 23.2 9H

12H.8 2 9

19.2 1K.2 98


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18.7 1.H 9K

218 1H 913

278 19.2 91


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282 17.7 917

2.3. C!)!0%# #) (r&n*'i*!r #) r#c#(!r c!'! *# '%#*(r& #n)& /%r& 2. Y 'i"& )& "i*(&nci&- )& &')i(%" #) "#*$&*# &r&!5#(!* (&)#* c!'! '&"#r&- c!ncr#(! '#(&).


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1. MEDICION DE LA DISTANCIA CON MADERA

DISTANCIA c'? ,OLTAJE FIGURA1 112', H123K.9 2H', H13 2', H19


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: 6: 2:


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2', H19

2. MEDICION DE LA DISTANCIA CON CEMENTO

DISTANCIA c'? ,OLTAJE FIGURA

1 88', H1H3K 32', H18 22', H1K


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: 6: 2:


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22M H1K

3. MEDICION DE LA DISTANCIA CON METAL

DISTANCIA c'? ,OLTAJE ',? FIGURA1 K7', H213K 28', H23 2', H27

A1c'

E) !)(&# '#"i"! #n #) r#c#(!r #* "#112', &r& #) '#(&) #* "# K7', /n&)'#n(# &r& #) c#'#n(! #* "# 88',. P!r)! (&n(! c!nc)%i'!* 0%# )& '&"#r& #r'i(#0%# #) r#5!(# "# )& *#>&) %)(r&*6nic& *#&

'&* #$#c(i&. E) r#5!(# "# )& *#>&) '#n!*#$#c(i& *# "& #n(!nc#* c!n #) '&(#ri&) "#c#'#n(!. E) '#(&) #r'i(# #) r#5!(#r#)&(i&'#n(#.


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: 6: 2:


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2', H27

CALCULOS MATEMATICOS PARA


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Midiendo el tiempo que transcurre entre la emisión del sonido y la percepción del eco se

puede establecer la distancia a la que se encuentra el obstáculo que ha producido la

reflexión de la onda sonora, mediante la fórmula:

Donde V es la velocidad del sonido en el aire 343ms y t es el tiempo transcurrido

!desfase" entre la emisión y recepción del pulso#

*in emargo nosotros no dividimos entre dos porqu la se+al no va de ida y vuelta

porque no esta reotando en ning,n o-eto! la se+al esta llendo directo al receptor.

Por lo tanto la formula seria

d=Vt

D'n(* ( *% !$ ()%"$nc)$ 0 V !$ +*!'c)($( (*! %'n)(' *n *! $)#*,%$m'% *! ")m/' (* (*%&$%* (* !$ "$-!$ (* $##)-$ /$#$ 6:cm, %* !*/%' (* c'!'# $m$#)!!' /$#$ /'(*# )(*n")5c$#!', 0 $ c'n")n$c)n"*n*m'%

d=343ms

×286us

(9:.:8m

(9.8cm

!$ ()&*#*nc)$ n' *% mc', *! *##'# *%

e=|10−9.810 |∗100

*92

E%"* *##'# %* (*-* $ !$ "'m$ (* ($"'%, #*('n(*' *n !'% c4!c!'%,m*()' $"m'%&3#)c', /#*c)%)n *n !'% )n%"#m*n"'% (* m*()($ 0 '"#'%*##'#*% m$n'%.


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A'#$ %* m'%"#$#$ n "$-!$ *c$ *n E?c*! c'n !$% ()%"$nc)$%

m*()($% 0 !$% c$!c!$($%

D)%"$nc)$C$!c!$($ :.: :.: :.2 :.< :. 6.2 6.8 2. .: . .< .8D)%"$nc)$ M*()($cm

:.6 :.2 :.< :.

6 6. 2 < . 6:

*##'# 6:: 8< 2:


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F%nci!n&'i#n(!:

C$n(' c*##$m'% J6 (*! "#$n%m)%'#, %* g*n*#$ *! %'n)(' !"#$%n)c'. E!%'n)(' *% #*c)-)(' /'# *! TZ**"*# (*! #*c*/"'# !"#$%n)c' 0 !' c'n+)*#"* *n+$#)$c)'n*% *!3c"#)c$% (* !$ m)%m$ *c*nc)$. E%"'% )m/!%'% *!3c"#)c'% %'n$m/!)5c$('% /'# !'% "#$n%)%"'#*% Q< 0 Q. L$ %*$! %* 5!"#$ 0 %* $m/!)5c$. Y$!$ %*$! $m/!)5c$($ %* $/!)c$ $! $m/!)5c$('# '/*#$c)'n$! $ % *n"#$($)n+*#")($. A !$ *n"#$($ n' )n+*#%'#$ (*! '/*#$c)'n$! %* !* $/!)c$ n$ "*n%)n(* +'!")'% 7* $%"$('% c'n *! /'"*nc)m*"#' P2 (*"*#m)n$ *! +$!'# (*m-#$! /$#$ $cc)'n$# *! #*!3 RL6.

C$n(' !$ %$!)($ (*! '/*#$c)'n$! *% n*g$")+$, Q c'n(c* 7*($n(' !$ -$%*(* Q *?/*%"$ $ "*n%)n /'%)")+$, /'# !' 7* *%"* !")m' "$m-)3n c'n(c*/*#m)")*n(' *! /$%' (* !$ c'##)*n"* /'# % *m)%'#=c'!*c"'# *?c)"$n(' $! #*!3RL6


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A%*(#*:

6. P*(* +$#)$# !$ *c*nc)$ (*! *m)%'# (* : $ : 1. $%"$n(' *!/'"*nc)m*"#' P6.2. L'% %'n)('% !"#$%n)c'% %'n m0 ()#*cc)'n$!*%. L'% TZ**"*# (*! *m)%'# 0(*! #*c*/"'# (*-*n *%"$# n' *n *n"* (*! '"#' /$#$ % -*n&nc)'n$m)*n"'.


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A C'n")n$c)n %* m'%"#$#$ *! c)#c)"'.

P)&c& i'r#*& (i! &))#(&.

0odi+o fuente

9 ./06;ith < Mh* crystal

9 or any ./0 >ith at least one D0 and .1M channel

9

9 confi+uration bits :

9 )& cloc?

9 no >atchdo+

9 no po>er up timer

9 no bro>n out

9 @V. disabled


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9 data protect disabled

9 /0D disabled

99999999999999999999 9 M05A D;/B/$/AB&

99999999999999999999

9

9 ultra sonic pulse len+th in microseconds

9

Cdefine .8@&@B 3%%

9

9 circular buffer si*e for samples avera+in+

9

Cdefine 8;&/E 6%

9

9 @0D .A5$

9 asy.ic-, asy.ic3 : .A5$

9 aspy.ic4 : .A5$D

9

Cdefine @0D.A5$ .A5$D

Cdefine @0D$5/& $5/&D

9999999999999999999

9 F@A@ V5/@&

9999999999999999999

unsi+ned char outAf5an+e G out of ran+e fla+ : set >hen no echo is detected

unsi+ned int bufH8;&/EI G samples buffer

unsi+ned char idx J % G index of current sample in buffer

99999999999999999999999999999999999999999

9 /B$558.$ &5V/0 5A8$/B

9 $his /&5 handles $/M56 overflo> only

99999999999999999999999999999999999999999

void interrupt!void"

K

if!./56#$M56/;" timer6 overflo> L

K

outAf5an+e J 6 G set out of ran+e fla+

./56#$M56/; J % G clear interrupt fla+


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999999999999

9 M/B @AA.

999999999999void main!"

K

D0AB6 J % G enables D0

$5/& J %xff G .A5$ as inputs

.A5$ J % G

$5/&0 J % G .A5$0 as outputs

.A5$0 J % G

$/M56 settin+s

$60AB J %b%%%%66%% G prescaler 6:6, osc# enabled, not sync, internal cl?,

stopped

Cifdef @0D.A5$

init @0D

@cdN/[email protected]$" G use .-34 settin+s

@cdN0md!@cdN0@5" G clear display

@cdN0md!@cdN085&A5NA;;" G cursor off

@cdNAut!6, 6, P8ltra&onic5an+erP" G

@cdNAut!-, 2, PcmP" G

Cendif

init .1M 0hannel : 4% (h*, 2%Q duty cycle

.1M6N/nit!4%%%%" G

.1M6N0han+eNDuty!6-


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unsi+ned char strH4I G strin+ for ran+e display

prepare timer

$60AB#$M56AB J % G stop timer

outAf5an+e J % G reset out of ran+e fla+ $M56) J % G clear timer6

$M56@ J % G

$60AB#$M56AB J 6 G start timer 6

./6#$M56/ J 6 G enable timer 6 interrupts on overflo>

send pulse

.1M6N&tart!" G enable .1M output : transducer is pulsed at

ultrasonic frequency

DelayNus!.8@&@B" G durin+ .8@&@B microseconds .1M6N&top!" G stop .1M

DelayNus!.8@&@B 9 -" G do nothin+ for t>ice the pulse len+th

duration to prevent false start

>hile!dcN5ead!6" R 6" >hile no pulse detected !no si+nal on D0

channel 6"

K

if!outAf5an+e" brea? G to late, out of ran+e

$60AB#$M56AB J % G stop timer 6

./6#$M56/ J % G disable timer 6 interrupts on overflo>

Cifdef @0D.A5$

if!outAf5an+e" is overran+e condtion detected L

K

@cdNAut!-,


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bufHidxI SJ $M56@ G @&

circular buffer

idxSS G next location

if!idx JJ 8;&/E" the end is reached L K

idx J % G bac? to start

cm J % G prepare centimeter avera+in+

for!i J % G i R 8;&/E G iSS" for all samples in buffer

K

cm SJ bufHiI G add to sum

cm J 8;&/E G avera+e samples

9

9 cm contains no> the number of cloc? cycles

9 from the start of the ultrasonic transmission

9 to the first echo detection

9 the duration in second is s J cm !0loc?N(h*!" 9 6%%% 4"

9 if >e admit that sound speed in the air is 34% ms

9 the distance in centimeters !forth and bac?" is d J s 9 34% 9 6%% -

9 or d J 34% 9 6%% - 9 cm 0loc?N?h*!" 6%%% 9 4 9 d J 34 9 - 0loc?N(h*!"

9

cm 9J 34 9 - G no> converts to centimeters

cm J 0loc?N(h*!" G

yte$o&tr!cm, str" G convert to strin+

@cdNAut!-, 6, str" G print strin+

@cdNAut!-,


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CONCLUSIONES

D# i%&) '&n#r&- n!(&'!* 0%# & '#"i"& 0%# *#&r&'!* #) r#c#(!r"#) (r&n*'i*!r )& &')i(%" "i*'in%#. P!r )! (&n(! )& "i*(&nci& "#

*#&r&ci6n #* in#r*&'#n(# r!!rci!n&) & )& &')i(%".

• N!(&'!* 0%# & '#"i"& 0%# &%'#n(B5&'!* )& "i*(&nci& "#*#&r&ci6n "#) r#c#(!r- )& *#>&) (r&n*'i(i"& *# &(r&*&5& *##n#r&5& %n "#*$&*#. C'nc!)m'% 7* $ m*()($ 7* !$ ()%"$nc)$ (*%*/$#$c)n (*! #*c*/"'# !"#$%n)c' +$ $m*n"$n(', *! (*%&$%* (* #*"#$%'"$m-)3n +$ $m*n"$n(', 0 !' !)n(' (* *%"' *% 7* *% !)n*$! c'm' %* /*(*+*# *n *! $%"* (* c#+$ 0928.8?=


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E) !)(&# '#"i"! #n #) r#c#(!r #* "# 112', &r& #) '#(&) #* "#K7', /n&)'#n(# &r& #) c#'#n(! #* "# 88',. P!r )! (&n(!c!nc)%i'!* 0%# )& '&"#r& #r'i(# 0%# #) r#5!(# "# )& *#>&)%)(r&*6nic& *#& '&* #$#c(i&. E) r#5!(# "# )& *#>&) '#n!* #$#c(i& *#"& #n(!nc#* c!n #) '&(#ri&) "# c#'#n(!. E) '#(&) #r'i(# #) r#5!(#

r#)&(i&'#n(#.

• E! %*n%'# (* !"#$%'n)(' /$#*c* "*n*# n &nc)'n$m)*n"' m0 %*nc)!!', %)n*m-$#g' *?)%"*n &$c"'#*% *?"*#n'% (* )n0*n (* m$n*#$ (*"*#m)n$n"* *n!$% m*()($% #*$!)1$($%. P'# "$n"', *% n*c*%$#)' n c'n'c)m)*n"' (* !$%()+*#%$% &*n"*% (* )n"*#&*#*nc)$ 7* $&*c"$n $ !$% m*()c)'n*% /$#$ /'(*#"#$"$#!$% (* &'#m$ $(*c$($, m)n)m)1$n(' % *&*c"'. En"#* !'% ()+*#%'%&$c"'#*% 7* $!"*#$n !$% !*c"#$% 7* %* #*$!)1$n c'n !'% %*n%'#*% (*!"#$%'n)c' c$-* (*%"$c$#

• E! c$m/' (* $c"$c)n (*! /!%' 7* %* *m)"* (*%(* n "#$n%(c"'# (*!"#$%'n)(' ")*n* &'#m$ cn)c$. E! *c' 7* %* #*c)-* c'm' #*%/*%"$ $ !$#**?)n (*! %'n)(' )n()c$ !$ /#*%*nc)$ (*! '-*"' m4% c*#c$n' 7* %**nc*n"#$ (*n"#' (*! c'n' $c%")c' 0 n' *%/*c)5c$ *n n)ngn m'm*n"' !$!'c$!)1$c)n $ng!$# (*! m)%m'. An7* !$ m4?)m$ /#'-$-)!)($( *% 7* *!'-*"' (*"*c"$(' *%"3 %'-#* *! ** c*n"#$! (*! c'n' $c%")c', !$ /#'-$-)!)($((* 7* *! *c' %* $0$ /#'(c)(' /'# n '-*"' /#*%*n"* *n !$ /*#)&*#)$ (*!** c*n"#$! n' *% *n $-%'!" (*%/#*c)$-!* 0 $ (* %*# "*n)($ *n c*n"$ 0"#$"$($ c'n+*n)*n"*m*n"*.

• L$ c$n")($( (* *n*#g>$ $c%")c$ #**$($ /'# *! '-%"4c!' (*/*n(* *n g#$nm*()($ (* !$ *%"#c"#$ (* % %/*#5c)*. P$#$ '-"*n*# n$ #**?)n

$!"$m*n"* ()&%$ (*! '-%"4c!', *! "$m$' (* !$% )##*g!$#)($(*% %'-#* !$%/*#5c)* #**c"'#$ (*-* %*# c'm/$#$-!* $ !$ !'ng)"( (* 'n($ (* !$ 'n($(* !"#$%'n)(' )nc)(*n"*.

• En !'% %*n%'#*% (* !"#$%'n)(' (* -$' c'%"* %* ")!)1$ *! m)%m' "#$n%(c"'#c'm' *m)%'# 0 #*c*/"'#. T#$% !$ *m)%)n (* !"#$%n)(' %* *%/*#$ n(*"*#m)n$(' ")*m/' $ 7* !$% +)-#$c)'n*% *n *! %*n%'# (*%$/$#*1c$n 0 *%"3/#*/$#$(' /$#$ #*c)-)# *! *c' /#'(c)(' /'# *! '-%"4c!'. E%"' )m/!)c$ 7**?)%"* n$ ()%"$nc)$ m>n)m$ ( /#'/'#c)'n$! $! ")*m/' (* #*!$$c)n (*!"#$n%(c"'# $ /$#")# (* !$ c$! *! %*n%'# m)(* c'n /#*c)%)n. P'# !' g*n*#$!,"'('% !'% '-*"'% 7* %* *nc*n"#*n /'# (*-$' (* *%"$ ()%"$nc)$, (, %*#4n)n"*#/#*"$('% /'# *! %)%"*m$ c'm' 7* *%"4n $ n$ ()%"$nc)$ )g$! $ !$()%"$nc)$ m>n)m$.

• L$ "*m/*#$"#$ $&*c"$ !$ m*()($, /'# c$n"' !$ +*!'c)($( (* /#'/$g$c)n (*!$ 'n($ +$#>$ (*/*n()*n(' (* !$ "*m/*#$"#$.

• Un &$c'# (* *##'# m0 c'mn *% *! c'n'c)(' c'm' &$!%'% *c'%, *%"'% /*(*n'c##)# c$n(' !$ 'n($ c'c$ c'n +$#)'% '-*"'% $n"*% (* !!*g$# $! #*c*/"'#.

• L$% 'n($% (* !"#$%'n)(' '-*(*c*n $ !$% !*0*% (* #**?)n (* !$% 'n($%, /'#!' 7* n$ 'n($ (* !"#$%'n)(' ")*n* *! m)%m' $ng!' (* )nc)(*nc)$ 0#**?)n #*%/*c"' $ !$ n'#m$! (* !$ %/*#5c)*. E%"' )m/!)c$ 7* %) !$'#)*n"$c)n #*!$")+$ (* !$ %/*#5c)* #**c"'#$ c'n #*%/*c"' $! ** (*! %*n%'#(* !"#$%'n)(' *% m$0'# 7* n c)*#"' m-#$!, *! %*n%'# nnc$ #*c)-$ *!/!%' (* %'n)(' 7* *m)").


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FIN

Examen_sensores f2 Ok

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