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BUENOS DIAS INGENIERO, TAL COMO LE DEJE
EL MENSAJE AYER POR LA NOCHE EN EL
CAMPUS, ESTUVE MANDANDO MI INFORME DE
SENSORES ULTRASONICOS Y COMETI EL
ERROR DE MANDARLE EL INFORME DE RADIO
FRECUENCIA. ESTABA BIEN CANSADO Y QUICE
RECTIFICAR EL ERROR Y MANDAR OTRA VEZ
MI INFORME PERO EL SISTEMA NO ME LO
PERMITIA, NO HAY OPCION DE REENVIO. ES
POR ESO QUE QUERIA SUPLICARLE QUE MEREVISE MI INFORME EN ESTE ARCHIVO YA QUE
DEDIQUE BASTANTE TIEMPO Y DEDICACION A
ESTE INFORME.
AQUÍ ADJUNTO
1. SOLUCION AL EXAMEN.
2. INFORME 8 DE SENSORESULTRASONICOS.
TAMBIEN LE MANDO LA DISTANCIA MAXIMAQUE OBTUVIMOS PARA EL SENSOR Y LASFOTOS COMO LE MENCIONE, MAX DISTANCIAES 2.82m
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GRACIAS POR SU COMPRENCION.
SENSORES Y TRANSDUCTORES
SEGUNDA FASE
Resolver el examen que incluye las siguientes presuntas (de cero a
cuatro puntos).
1. Principio de funcionamiento del sensor de desplazamiento LVD! grafique detalladamente.
". Principio de funcionamiento del sensor de nivel capacitivo grafique detalladamente sus etapas.
#. Principio de funcionamiento del sensor de caudal magn$tico! grafique detalladamente.
%. Principio de funcionamiento del sensor de caudal ultras&nico! grafique detalladamente.
'. a. Descripci&n de ermopares y en que efecto se asa. grafique detalladamente.
. Descripci&n otros tipos de ermopares que se investigan en la actualidad.
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DOCENTE: M. Sc. Ing. JUAN CARLOS COPA PINEDA
ALUMNO: GERARDO ALEXANDER TAPIA MAYUIRE
1. Princii! "# $%nci!n&'i#n(! "#) *#n*!r "# "#*)&+&'i#n(! L,DT-r&/0%# "#(&))&"&'#n(#.
E! "#$n%&'#m$('# ()&*#*nc)$! (* +$#)$c)n !)n*$! %* -$%$ *n !$ +$#)$c)n (* !$)n(c"$nc)$ m"$ *n"#* n /#)m$#)' 0 c$($ n' (* ('% %*cn($#)'% $! (*%/!$1$#%*$ !' !$#g' (* % )n"*#)'# n nc!*' (* m$"*#)$! &*##'m$gn3")c', $##$%"#$(' /'# n+4%"$g' n' &*##'m$gn3")c', n)(' $ !$ /)*1$ c0' m'+)m)*n"' %* (*%*$ m*()#. A!
$!)m*n"$# *! /#)m$#)' c'n n$ "*n%)n $!"*#n$, m$n"*n)*n(' *! nc!*' *n !$ /'%)c)nc*n"#$!, !$% "*n%)'n*% )n(c)($% *n c$($ %*cn($#)' %'n )g$!*%. L*g', %) *! nc!*'%* m*+* (* !$ /'%)c)n c*n"#$!, n$ (* !$% ('% "*n%)'n*% c#*c* 0 !$ '"#$ %* #*(c**n !$ m)%m$ m$gn)"(. N'#m$!m*n"* !'% ('% (*+$n$('% %* c'n*c"$n *n '/'%)c)n%*#)* c'm' %* m*%"#$ *n !$ 5g#$ 6.
Nc)
,&*(&
2 S#c%n"&ri!
1 S#c%n"&ri!Pri'&ri
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E! c)#c)"' *!3c"#)c' *7)+$!*n"* *%
En !$ /'%)c)n c*n"#$!, M6 09 M2 ('n(* E'9:. En !$% '"#$% /'%)c)'n*%(*! nc!*', L6,L2,L2;, M< 0 M2=M6 +$#>$n M< $/#'?)m$($m*n"* (* !$&'#m$ %)g)*n"* M< /#*%*n"$ +$#)$c)'n*% !*n"$% $!#*(*('# (* ?'@ M2 =M6")*n* n$ +$#)$c)n m0 #4/)($ 0 !)n*$!. P$#$ $n$!)1$# c4! *%5n$!m*n"* !$ #*!$c)n *n"#* !$ "*n%)n (* %$!)($ 0 !$ /'%)c)n (*!
+4%"$g', c'n+)*n* c'n%)(*#$# *! (* !$ #*%)%"*nc)$ (* c$#g$ Rc. S) *!%*cn($#)' *%"$ *n +$c)', !$ *?/#*%)n 5n$! (* !$ "*n%)n (* %$!)($ *%
E0=
s ( MI − M 2) E1sL1+ R1
E%"' )n()c$ 7* E' *% /#'/'#c)'n$! $ M2=M6
S) %* *?)"$ $! /#)m$#)' c'n n$ *c*nc)$ &6, !$ %$!)($ *% *n"'nc*% )n(*/*n()*n"* (*& 0 +)*n* ($($ /'#
E0=
s ( MI − M 2) Rc R2 L1+2 L2 R1
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Un$ !)m)"$c)n *% !$ /#*%*nc)$ (* $#mn)c'% *n !$ %$!)($, '"#$ !)m)"$c)n *% !$"*m/*#$"#$, /*% +$#)$ !$ #*%)%"*nc)$ *!3c"#)c$ (*! /#)m$#)' 0 *%"' $&*c"$ !$ "*n%)n(* %$!)($. S) !$ *c*nc)$ (* $!)m*n"$c)n *% $!"$, *n"'nc*% /#*('m)n$ !$)m/*($nc)$ L6 *n"* $ R6 0 *! *&*c"' *% m*n'#.
L$% +*n"$$% (*! LVDT %'n 7* % #*%'!c)n *n !$ /#4c")c$ *% (* :.6. T)*n*#'1$m)*n"' m0 " -$' *n"#* *! nc!*' 0 (*+$n$('% /'# !' 7* )m/'n*n /'c$ c$#g$m*c4n)c$, %'-#* "'(' %) !' c'm/$#$ c'n !'% /'"*nc)m*"#'%, /'# !' 7* !* ($ +)($c$%) )!)m)"$($ 0 $!"$ 5(*!)($(. O*c* $)%!$m)*n"' *!3c"#)c'.
En !$ c'n%"#cc)n (*! LVDT, *! /#)m$#)' %* (*+$n$ $ !' !$#g' (*! c*n"#' (*! nc!*' 0!'% %*cn($#)'% %* ()%/'n*n %)m3"#)c'% #*%/*c"' $! c*n"#'. E! nc!*' *% n$ $!*$c)n(* )*##' 0 N)7*! 0 *%"$ !$m)n$(' !'ng)"()n$!m*n"* /$#$ #*(c)# !$% c'##)*n"*% (*F'c$!". E! +4%"$g' 7* !' $##$%"#$ n' (*-* %*# m$gn3")c'. S% "*n%)'n*% (**?c)"$c)n $c*/"$($% (*%(* 6 $ 2V#m% c'n *c*nc)$% (*%(* :1 $ 2:1. S%*n%)-)!)($( *% (* n'% :.6VHcm.
LAS APLICACIONES MAS INMEDIATAS DE LOS LVDT SON LAS MEDIDAS DEDESPLAZAMIENTO Y POSICION.
En particular, es muy recuente c!m! "etect!r "e cer! en ser#!sistemas"e p!sici$n en a#i!nes y su%marin!s. En !$ %)g)*n"* 5g#$ 2 %* /*(* $/!)c$#*! LVDT $ !$% m*()($% (* $c*!*#$c)n * )nc!)n' m*"#'% m*()$n"* n %)%"*m$ )n*#c)$!.
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F)g#$ 2
C'm' %* /*(* +*# *! ** %*n%)-!* *% $&*c"$(' c$($ +*1 7* *! m*!!* *n +$!$()1'%-* ' -$$, 0 /'# *n(* $0 n m'+)m)*n"' (*! nc!*'.
E*(r%c(%r& in(#rn& "# %n *#n*!r L,DT:
D*%/!$1$m)*n"' (*!
Nc!*'c$n(' %*$m*n"$ '()%m)n0* !$$c*!*#$c)n.
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2. Princii! "# $%nci!n&'i#n(! "#) *#n*!r "# ni#) c&&ci(i! r&/0%#"#(&))&"&'#n(# *%* #(&&*.
Un c'n(*n%$('# *!3c"#)c' c'n%)%"* *n ('% c'n(c"'#*% /!$c$% %*/$#$('% /'# n()*!3c"#)c' %'!)(', !)7)(' ' g$%*'%', ' *! +$c)'. L$ #*!$c)n *n"#* !$ c$#g$, Q, 0 !$()&*#*nc)$ (* /'"*nc)$! V, *n"#* *!!'% +)*n* (*%c#)"$ /'# % c$/$c)($(.
C =Q
V
E%"$ c$/$c)($( (*/*n(* (* !$ ()%/'%)c)n g*'m3"#)c$ (* !'% c'n(c"'#*% 0 (*!
m$"*#)$!, ()*!3c"#)c', ()%/*%"' *n"#* *!!'%, c'm' %* m*%"#$ *n !$ 5g#$
C =ε0
εr A
d
En !$ 5g#$ B /'(*m'% '-%*#+$# 7* 7* K6 0K2 %'n !$% /!$c$% 0 *% *!()*!3c"#)c', *! c'!'# +*#(* *% !$ $!"#$ (*! m$"*#)$!.
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Un$ /!$c$ (* !$% /!$c$% (*! c'n(*n%$('# %*#)$ *! "$n7* 0 !$ '"#$ *% *!*c"#'(' 7**%"4 %m*#g)(' *n *! "$n7*. E%"* *!*c"#'(' ")*n* *n !$ /$#"* (* $##)-$ c'm' n$#m$1n 7* )n"*#n$m*n"* ")*n* n '%c)!$('#. T$m-)3n ")*n* n %*n%'# (* c'##)*n"*0 n "#$n%m)%'#
E! %*n%'# (* n)+*! c$/$c)")+' -4%)c$m*n"* m)(* !$ c$/$c)($( *&*c")+$ * *n"#* n*!*c"#'(' )nm*#%' *n *! )(', 0 n$ %*gn($ /!$c$ c'n(c"'#., L$ %*gn($ /!$c$c'n(c"'#$ /*(* %*# !$ /$#*( (*! *%"$n7* c'm' %* +* *n !$ 5g#$ B, '"#'*!*c"#'(' c'm' %* +* *n !$ 5g#$ 7)(' ' m$"*#)$! *% c'n(c"'# *n"'nc*% *!*!*c"#'(' ")*n* 7* *%"$# )n%!$(' c'm' %* m*%"#$ *n !$ 5g#$ A, /$#$ )('% c'nc'n%"$n"* ()*!3c"#)c$ $!"$. S) *! m$"*#)$! *% n' c'n(c"'# *n"'n*% *! *!*c"#'(' /*(*%*# n$ -$##$ c'm' !$ 5g#$ B, '%*$ /$#$ )('% c'n -$$ c'n%"$n"* ()*!3c"#)c$.
En el caso de un liquido
conductivo ecuación se
simplifica a:
Relación nivel capacidad:
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An$!)1$n(' !$ &'#m!$ /'(*m'% (*(c)#, 7* !$ c$/$c)($( *% /#'/'#c)'n$! $ !$ $!"#$L (*! m$"*#)$!. E6 *% *! ()*!3c"#)c' (* !$ )n%'!$c)n (*! *!*c"#'(' 0 E2 *% *!()*!3c"#)c' (*! m$"*#)$!. S) *! !>7)(' *% c'n(c")+' n' *%"4 $&*c"$(' /'# *! $nc' (*!c'n"*n*('# $%*$ /'# !$ ()%"$nc)$ (
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F)g#*
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S*$!*% (*! +'!"$* )n(c)(' %*#4n (*"*c"$($% )n)c)$!m*n"* /'# ('% /'%"*%,!'% c$!*% *%"4n ()#*c"$m*n"* c'n*c"$('% c'n *! !>7)('. En"'nc*%, *%"$%%*$!*% %'n "#$n%m)")($% $ n $m/!)5c$('% $ "#$+3% (* n c$-!* 05n$!m*n"* %* c'n+)*#"* *n n$ %*$! n)5c$($ (* %$!)($.
En "-'% n' m$gn3")c'%, !$ "$%$ (*! ' %* c$!c!$ $ "#$+3% (* !$ m*()c)n(* !$ +*!'c)($( m*()$ (*! )(' *!3c"#)c' c'n(c"'#
E) '#"i"!r c!n*(& "#
E! /#'/)' "-' (* m$"*#)$! n' m$gn3")c' c'm' *! "*n #*c-)*#"' (* m$"*#)$! n'c'n(c"'# /$#$ n' c'#"'c)#c)"$# *! +'!"$* )n(c)('. T)*n* -'-)n$% g*n*#$('#$% (*!c$m/' m$gn3")c' 0 *!*c"#'('% (*! +'!"$* )n(c)(' *n *! )('.
E=kBlv
E) (r&n*'i*!r:
A!)m*n"$ *!3c"#)c$m*n"* $ !$% -'-)n$.
E!)m)n$ *! #)(' (*! +'!"$* )n(c)('.
C'n+)*#"* !$ %*$! (* mV $ !$ $(*c$($ $ !'% *7)/'% (* )n()c$c)n 0 c'n"#'!.
N' '#)g)n$ c$>($ (* /#*%)n.
S* %$ /$#$ !>7)('% %c)'% 0 +)%c'%'%
E=kBLV
D'n(* *% c'n%"$n"*
B (*n%)($( (*! c$m/' m$gn3")c'
L !'ng)"( (* c'n(c"'# A7> *! c'n(c"'# *% *! !>7)(' 0 L +)*n* $ %*# *! ()4m*"#'(* !$ "-*#>$
V !$ +*!'c)($( (*! )('
Q=v D2
4
Q=k E
B D
O5*#r&ci6n:
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L$ &#m!$ )n()c$ 7* Q (*/*n(*, n' %'!' (* !$ +*!'c)($( + (*! )(', %)n' 7*"$m-)3n (* B, !$ c$! $ % +*1 *%"4 )n)($ /'# !$ "*n%)n (* !$ !>n*$ 0 /'# !$ " (*)('.
E% '-+)' 7* /$#$ '-"*n*# n$ %*$! 7* (*/*n($ n)c$m*n"* (* !$ +*!'c)($(,(*-* *!)m)n$#%* !$ )n*nc)$ (* *%"'% "#*% &$c"'#*% 0 /'# '"#' !$(' *% m0 ()&>c)!m$n"*n*#!'% c'n%"$n"*%.
D* $>, 7* !$ %*$! (* +'!"$* (*! m*()('# %* c'm/$#$ *n *! #*c*/"'# c'n !$ "*n%)n(* #*&*#*nc)$. C'm' !$% ('% %*$!*% (*#)+$n $ !$ +*1 (*! c$m/' m$gn3")c' B, !$"*n%)n (* !$ !>n*$ 0 !$% +$#)$c)'n*% (* "*m/*#$"#$ 0 (* c'n(c")+)($( n' )n0*n*n !$ /#*c)%)n (* !$ m*()($.
E%"* ")/' (* m*()('#*% (* ' %'n, *%/*c)$!m*n"*, $/#'/)$('% /$#$ !$m*()c)n (*! ' +'!m3"#)c' (* *!*c"#)c)($( *n m*()'% c'n(c")+'%, c'm'4c)('%, $!c$!)n'%, %'!c)n %$!)n$, -$##', /!/$, **n"*%, *"c.
7. Princii! "# $%nci!n&'i#n(! "#) *#n*!r "# c&%"&) %)(r&*6nic!- r&/0%#"#(&))&"&'#n(#.
L'% "#$n%(c"'#*% (* !"#$%'n)(' m)(*n *! c$($! /'# ()&*#*nc)$ (* +*!'c)($(*% (*!%'n)(' 0 $! /#'/$g$#%* *%"* *n *! %*n")(' (*! ' 0 *n *! %*n")(' c'n"#$#)'.
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1. Di$#r#nci& "#) (i#'! "# (r&n*i(!
L$ 'n($ %* (*%/!$1$ $ !$ +*!'c)($( /#'/)$, m$% !$ (* $##$%"#* (*!)('., ('n(* c *% !$ +*!'c)($( (*! %'n)('.
E! ")*m/' 7* (*m'#$ !$ %*$! *n !!*g$# (*%(* Em)%'# $! R*c*/"'# *(*
t 1= D
sen∝
1
c+v .cos∝
E! ")*m/' 7* (*m'#$ !$ %*$! *n %*# #**$($ /'# *! #*c*/"'# 0 !!*g$#n*+$m*n"* $! *m)%'# *% (*
t 2= D
sen∝
1
c−v .cos∝
S$-*m'% 7* c *% mc' m$0'# 7* +
L$ +$#)$c)n (*! ")*m/' *%
1−¿ t 2=∆ t =t 1=
D
sen∝
1
c2+v
2.cos
2
∝
t ¿
2vD
c2
tg∝
En(!nc#* )& #)!ci"&" #*:
LQ ∝
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v=tg∝c
2
2 D ∆T
S $/!)c$c)n /#*%*n"$n -*n &nc)'n$m)*n"' *n c$'%
9. &. D#*crici6n "# T#r'!&r#* #n 0%# #$#c(! *# 5&*&. r&/0%#"#(&))&"&'#n(#.
Un "*#m'/$# *% n ()%/'%)")+' /$#$ !$ m*()c)n (* "*m/*#$"#$, -$%$('% *n *&*c"'%"*#m'*!3c"#)c'%. E% n c)#c)"' &'#m$(' /'# ('% c'n(c"'#*% (* m*"$!*% ()&*#*n"*% '$!*$c)'n*% (* m*"$!*% ()&*#*n"*%, n)('% *n %% *?"#*m'% 0 *n"#* c0$ n)'n*%
*?)%"* n$ ()&*#*nc)$ (* "*m/*#$"#$, 7* '#)g)n$ n$ &*#1$ *!*c"#'m'"#)1 *&*c"'SEEBEC.
L$ &*#1$ *!*c"#'m'"#)1 g*n*#$($ /'# *! "*#m'/$# *%"4 *n &nc)n (* !$ ()&*#*nc)$ (*"*m/*#$"#$ *n"#* !$ n)n >$ 0 c$!)*n"*, /*#' m$% *%/*c>5c$m*n"* *%"$ *%g*n*#$($ c'm' n #*%!"$(' (* !'% g#$()*n"* (* "*m/*#$"#$ !'% c$!*% *?)%"*n $ !'!$#g' (* !$ !'ng)"( (* !'% c'n(c"'#*%.
9. D#*crici6n !(r!* (i!* "# T#r'!&r#* 0%# *# in#*(i&n #n )&&c(%&)i"&".
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En !$ $c"$!)($( %* $ *c' )n+*%")g$c)'n*% *n "*#m'/$#*%&$-#)c$('% c'n $m-'% -#$1'% %)n $!*$c)n, c'n *! 5n (* *!)m)n$# !'%*&*c"'% (* )n*%"$-)!)($( 0 g#$()*n"*% (* "*m/*#$"#$ (*-)(' $c$m-)'% n' n)&'#m*% *n !$ c'm/'%)c)n (* !$ $!*$c)n, c$%$('% /'#!$ *?/'%)c)n $ $!"$% "*m/*#$"#$%. A!gn'% (* *%"'% "*#m'/$#*% %'n
*! /!$")n' (= '#' 7* ")*n* m$gn)5c$% c$#$c"*#>%")c$%"*#m'*!3c"#)c$%, g#$n *%"$-)!)($(, *?$c")"( 0 $!"$ #*/#'(c)-)!)($(,$%> c'm' *! "*#m'/$# /!$")n' = /$!$()n' c'n g#$n *%"$-)!)($(.
8/17/2019 Examen_sensores f2 Ok
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ANEXO
EN LA SIGUIENTE GRAFICA SE MUESTRA
DOCE FORMAS DE MEDIR NI,EL
A CONTINUACION ELINFORME NUMERO 8 DE
SENSORES ULTRASONICOS
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UNI,ERSIDAD CATOLICA DE SANTA MARIA
FACULTADDE CIENCIAS E INGENIERIAS FISICAS Y FORMALES
PROGRAMA PROFESIONAL DE INGENIERIAELECTRONICA
SENSORES Y TRANSDUCTORES
PRACTICA 8
SENSORES ULTRASONICOS
ALUMNO: GERARDO ALEXANDER TAPIA MAYUIRE
DOCENTE:
M. Sc. Ing. JUAN CARLOS COPA PINEDA
8/17/2019 Examen_sensores f2 Ok
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GRUPO: < LUNES :: $ 66::#%
AULA: L
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MATERIALES
G#n#r&"!r "# *#>&)#*O*ci)!*c!i!S#n*!r %)(r&*6nic! RX TX
2. DESARROLLO
2. 1.Sin(!ni+&ci6n "#) Tr&n*'i*!r R#c#(!r
C'!'c$m'% *! g*n*#$('# $ n +'!"$* (*
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5? C&'5i&r )& $r#c%#nci& "#) (r&n*'i*!r '#"i&n(# #) c!n(r!)"#) #n#r&"!r &*(& !5(#n#r #n #) r#c#(!r )& 'i*'&$r#c%#nci& )& &')i(%" 'B* &)(&. E) %n(! !(i'! #* &0%#)0%# r!"%c# )& 'Bi'& *#>&) !5*#r&"& #n #) !*ci)!*c!i!.
Fr#c%#nci& "# R#*!n&nci& A')i(%"7
8/17/2019 Examen_sensores f2 Ok
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2.2. E*(&n"! )i5r# "# !5*(r%cci!n#* #) TX RX %)(r&*6nic!-c!'i#nc# & &ri&r )& "i*(&nci& "#*"# c'- &*(& %n& "i*(&nci&'Bi'&- #n )& c%&) n! *# r#c#ci!n# *#>&) #n RX
T!'& "# '#"i"&* "# "i*(&nci&* c!r(&*:
P#)m*#' "'m$m'% ($"'% (*%(* n$ ()%"$nc)$ (* : m)!>m*"#'% $%"$ m)!>m*"#'% 0 '-"+)m'% !$% %)g)*n"*% $m/!)"(*% *n *! #*c*/"'#m'%"#$('% *n !$ "$-!$ 6
A')i(%",? 2. 2. 2.2 2.8 2.Di*(&nci&c'? : :.6 :.2 :.< :.
T&5)& 1. Di*(&nci& "# 9'' #n $%nci6n "# )& &')i(%" "#)r#c#(!r
En !$ g#45c$ 6 m'%"#$m'% !$ ()%"$nc)$ *n &nc)n (* !$ $m/!)"(c'm' !>n*$ $1! 0 n'"$m'% 7* $ m$0'# ()%"$nc)$ !$ $m/!)"( *n *!#*c*/"'# RX +$ ()%m)n0*n('. L$ +$#)$c)n (* ()%"$nc)$ (* 6mm $mm m* ($ n$ +$#)$c)n (* 2. =2.V//. S)n *m-$#g' (*%(* : $6mm $0 n$ +$#)$c)n (*
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8/17/2019 Examen_sensores f2 Ok
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cm Am/!)"(+ 2. 2.
2.2
2.8
2.
2.<2
6.
:.8
:.8
:.2
:.8
:.<8
:.<
D*%&$%*% < : 6 6: 26
8/17/2019 Examen_sensores f2 Ok
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: :. 6 6. 2 2. <
8/17/2019 Examen_sensores f2 Ok
25/54
Di*(&nci&.3cnA')i(%"2.78
D#*$&*#%*
Di*(&nci&1c'A')i(%"2.32
D#*$&*#21%*
Di*(&nci&1.9c'
A')i(%"1.77
D#*$&*#32%*
8/17/2019 Examen_sensores f2 Ok
26/54
8/17/2019 Examen_sensores f2 Ok
27/54
"i$#r#nci& "#) c%r*!r 1 2. S* m)() n (*%&$%* (*%(* : $ 28%/$#$ n$ (*%/!$1$m)*n"' (*! %*n%'# (* : $ 6:cm
TOMA DE MEDIDAS PARA DISTANCIAS MAXIMAS PARA
ENCONTRAR EL ALCANCE MAXIMO
E%"$ /$#"* (* !$ /#4c")c$ !' )c)m'% n m$#"*% /'# !$ "$#(* n "+)m'%7* c'n%*g)# *?"*n%)'n*% /$#$ /'(*# c'n*c"$#!' $! '%c)!'%c'/)' 0$7* *%"* %* (*%/!$1$#>$. P#*/$#$m'% ('% %)!!$% 0 m'n"$m'% !'%%*n%'#*% *nc)m$ (* !$% %)!!$% 0 m'+>$m'% !$% %)!!$% /$#$ 7* !$ %*$!"#$n%m)")($ %*$ ()#*c"$. A c'n")n$c)n %* m'%"#$#$ !$% &'"'% (* *%$*?/*#)*nc)$ )n'!+)($-!*.
A7>c'!'c$m'% !'%('% %*n%'#*%(* "$! m$n*#$7* *%"3n$!)n*$('%.
T+)m'% 7*/*g$# !'%c$-!*% c'nc)n"$ /'#7*
c$n(' %*m'+>$ !$ %)!!$$->$ mc'#)('.
8/17/2019 Examen_sensores f2 Ok
28/54
A7>c'!'c$m'% *!'%c)!'%c'/)'c'n n$*?"*nc)'n
/$#$ 7*/*($ %*#(*%/!$1$('c'n&'#m*m'+>$m'% !$%)!!$.
A7> *%"4 *!g*n*#$('# 0*! %*n%'# 7**m)"* !$ %*$!!"#$%n)c$.E%"$ %)!!$ !$m$n"+)m'%5$ 0 !$ '"#$('n(* *%"4 *!#*c*/"'# *% !$7*(*%/!$14-$m'%
A7> %* /*(*+*# !$ !*c"#$(* !'% ('%'%c)!'%c'/)'% .Un' m)(* !$
%*$! *n *!"#$n%m)%'#/$#$ +*# 7**%"* "'('-)*n, 0 *!'%c)!'%c'/)'*n !$ -$nc$m)(* !$ %*$!*n *! #*c*/"'#.A!!> %* +*n !$%('% %)!!$%
c$($ n$ c'n% %*n%'#
8/17/2019 Examen_sensores f2 Ok
29/54
A7> %*m)() $ n$()%"$nc)$(* 6:cm
M) $m)g' I+$nc'g>$ !$ c)n"$(* m*()# 0 m)c'm/$*#'E($#('()c"$-$ !'%($"'% (*!'%c)!'%c'/)' 00' *%c#)-)$ !'%($"'%. N'%'m'% (*!m)%m' g#/'/*#' n'%n)m'% /$#$$/#*n(*#.
A7>"'m4-$m'%!$% m*()($%(* n m*"$!
8/17/2019 Examen_sensores f2 Ok
30/54
Para
&nali'ar
me"im!s
la
"istanciam()ima.
C!m! se
pue"e #er
las sillas
est(n
separa"as
a *.+*m
casi m
"e
"istancia.
A7> %* m'%"#$#$ !'% ($"'% "'m$('% /$#$ *nc'n"#$# !$ ()%"$nc)$m4?)m$.
MEDICION DE DISTANCIA MAXIMA DEL SENSOR ULTRASONICO
DISTANCIA c'? ,OLTAJE ',? FIGURA9 9H 91HH 2.2 99KH.9 23.2 9H12H.8 2 919.2 1K.2 9818.7 1.H 9K218 1H 913278 19.2 91
282 17.7 917
8/17/2019 Examen_sensores f2 Ok
31/54
: : 6:: 6: 2:: 2:
8/17/2019 Examen_sensores f2 Ok
32/54
KH.9 23.2 9H
12H.8 2 9
19.2 1K.2 98
8/17/2019 Examen_sensores f2 Ok
33/54
18.7 1.H 9K
218 1H 913
278 19.2 91
8/17/2019 Examen_sensores f2 Ok
34/54
282 17.7 917
2.3. C!)!0%# #) (r&n*'i*!r #) r#c#(!r c!'! *# '%#*(r& #n)& /%r& 2. Y 'i"& )& "i*(&nci&- )& &')i(%" #) "#*$&*# &r&!5#(!* (&)#* c!'! '&"#r&- c!ncr#(! '#(&).
8/17/2019 Examen_sensores f2 Ok
35/54
1. MEDICION DE LA DISTANCIA CON MADERA
DISTANCIA c'? ,OLTAJE FIGURA1 112', H123K.9 2H', H13 2', H19
8/17/2019 Examen_sensores f2 Ok
36/54
: 6: 2:
8/17/2019 Examen_sensores f2 Ok
37/54
2', H19
2. MEDICION DE LA DISTANCIA CON CEMENTO
DISTANCIA c'? ,OLTAJE FIGURA
1 88', H1H3K 32', H18 22', H1K
8/17/2019 Examen_sensores f2 Ok
38/54
: 6: 2:
8/17/2019 Examen_sensores f2 Ok
39/54
22M H1K
3. MEDICION DE LA DISTANCIA CON METAL
DISTANCIA c'? ,OLTAJE ',? FIGURA1 K7', H213K 28', H23 2', H27
A1c'
E) !)(&# '#"i"! #n #) r#c#(!r #* "#112', &r& #) '#(&) #* "# K7', /n&)'#n(# &r& #) c#'#n(! #* "# 88',. P!r)! (&n(! c!nc)%i'!* 0%# )& '&"#r& #r'i(#0%# #) r#5!(# "# )& *#>&) %)(r&*6nic& *#&
'&* #$#c(i&. E) r#5!(# "# )& *#>&) '#n!*#$#c(i& *# "& #n(!nc#* c!n #) '&(#ri&) "#c#'#n(!. E) '#(&) #r'i(# #) r#5!(#r#)&(i&'#n(#.
8/17/2019 Examen_sensores f2 Ok
40/54
: 6: 2:
8/17/2019 Examen_sensores f2 Ok
41/54
2', H27
CALCULOS MATEMATICOS PARA
8/17/2019 Examen_sensores f2 Ok
42/54
Midiendo el tiempo que transcurre entre la emisión del sonido y la percepción del eco se
puede establecer la distancia a la que se encuentra el obstáculo que ha producido la
reflexión de la onda sonora, mediante la fórmula:
Donde V es la velocidad del sonido en el aire 343ms y t es el tiempo transcurrido
!desfase" entre la emisión y recepción del pulso#
*in emargo nosotros no dividimos entre dos porqu la se+al no va de ida y vuelta
porque no esta reotando en ning,n o-eto! la se+al esta llendo directo al receptor.
Por lo tanto la formula seria
d=Vt
D'n(* ( *% !$ ()%"$nc)$ 0 V !$ +*!'c)($( (*! %'n)(' *n *! $)#*,%$m'% *! ")m/' (* (*%&$%* (* !$ "$-!$ (* $##)-$ /$#$ 6:cm, %* !*/%' (* c'!'# $m$#)!!' /$#$ /'(*# )(*n")5c$#!', 0 $ c'n")n$c)n"*n*m'%
d=343ms
×286us
(9:.:8m
(9.8cm
!$ ()&*#*nc)$ n' *% mc', *! *##'# *%
e=|10−9.810 |∗100
*92
E%"* *##'# %* (*-* $ !$ "'m$ (* ($"'%, #*('n(*' *n !'% c4!c!'%,m*()' $"m'%&3#)c', /#*c)%)n *n !'% )n%"#m*n"'% (* m*()($ 0 '"#'%*##'#*% m$n'%.
8/17/2019 Examen_sensores f2 Ok
43/54
A'#$ %* m'%"#$#$ n "$-!$ *c$ *n E?c*! c'n !$% ()%"$nc)$%
m*()($% 0 !$% c$!c!$($%
D)%"$nc)$C$!c!$($ :.: :.: :.2 :.< :. 6.2 6.8 2. .: . .< .8D)%"$nc)$ M*()($cm
:.6 :.2 :.< :.
6 6. 2 < . 6:
*##'# 6:: 8< 2:
8/17/2019 Examen_sensores f2 Ok
44/54
F%nci!n&'i#n(!:
C$n(' c*##$m'% J6 (*! "#$n%m)%'#, %* g*n*#$ *! %'n)(' !"#$%n)c'. E!%'n)(' *% #*c)-)(' /'# *! TZ**"*# (*! #*c*/"'# !"#$%n)c' 0 !' c'n+)*#"* *n+$#)$c)'n*% *!3c"#)c$% (* !$ m)%m$ *c*nc)$. E%"'% )m/!%'% *!3c"#)c'% %'n$m/!)5c$('% /'# !'% "#$n%)%"'#*% Q< 0 Q. L$ %*$! %* 5!"#$ 0 %* $m/!)5c$. Y$!$ %*$! $m/!)5c$($ %* $/!)c$ $! $m/!)5c$('# '/*#$c)'n$! $ % *n"#$($)n+*#")($. A !$ *n"#$($ n' )n+*#%'#$ (*! '/*#$c)'n$! %* !* $/!)c$ n$ "*n%)n(* +'!")'% 7* $%"$('% c'n *! /'"*nc)m*"#' P2 (*"*#m)n$ *! +$!'# (*m-#$! /$#$ $cc)'n$# *! #*!3 RL6.
C$n(' !$ %$!)($ (*! '/*#$c)'n$! *% n*g$")+$, Q c'n(c* 7*($n(' !$ -$%*(* Q *?/*%"$ $ "*n%)n /'%)")+$, /'# !' 7* *%"* !")m' "$m-)3n c'n(c*/*#m)")*n(' *! /$%' (* !$ c'##)*n"* /'# % *m)%'#=c'!*c"'# *?c)"$n(' $! #*!3RL6
8/17/2019 Examen_sensores f2 Ok
45/54
A%*(#*:
6. P*(* +$#)$# !$ *c*nc)$ (*! *m)%'# (* : $ : 1. $%"$n(' *!/'"*nc)m*"#' P6.2. L'% %'n)('% !"#$%n)c'% %'n m0 ()#*cc)'n$!*%. L'% TZ**"*# (*! *m)%'# 0(*! #*c*/"'# (*-*n *%"$# n' *n *n"* (*! '"#' /$#$ % -*n&nc)'n$m)*n"'.
8/17/2019 Examen_sensores f2 Ok
46/54
8/17/2019 Examen_sensores f2 Ok
47/54
A C'n")n$c)n %* m'%"#$#$ *! c)#c)"'.
P)&c& i'r#*& (i! &))#(&.
0odi+o fuente
9 ./06;ith < Mh* crystal
9 or any ./0 >ith at least one D0 and .1M channel
9
9 confi+uration bits :
9 )& cloc?
9 no >atchdo+
9 no po>er up timer
9 no bro>n out
9 @V. disabled
8/17/2019 Examen_sensores f2 Ok
48/54
9 data protect disabled
9 /0D disabled
99999999999999999999 9 M05A D;/B/$/AB&
99999999999999999999
9
9 ultra sonic pulse len+th in microseconds
9
Cdefine .8@&@B 3%%
9
9 circular buffer si*e for samples avera+in+
9
Cdefine 8;&/E 6%
9
9 @0D .A5$
9 asy.ic-, asy.ic3 : .A5$
9 aspy.ic4 : .A5$D
9
Cdefine @0D.A5$ .A5$D
Cdefine @0D$5/& $5/&D
9999999999999999999
9 F@A@ V5/@&
9999999999999999999
unsi+ned char outAf5an+e G out of ran+e fla+ : set >hen no echo is detected
unsi+ned int bufH8;&/EI G samples buffer
unsi+ned char idx J % G index of current sample in buffer
99999999999999999999999999999999999999999
9 /B$558.$ &5V/0 5A8$/B
9 $his /&5 handles $/M56 overflo> only
99999999999999999999999999999999999999999
void interrupt!void"
K
if!./56#$M56/;" timer6 overflo> L
K
outAf5an+e J 6 G set out of ran+e fla+
./56#$M56/; J % G clear interrupt fla+
8/17/2019 Examen_sensores f2 Ok
49/54
999999999999
9 M/B @AA.
999999999999void main!"
K
D0AB6 J % G enables D0
$5/& J %xff G .A5$ as inputs
.A5$ J % G
$5/&0 J % G .A5$0 as outputs
.A5$0 J % G
$/M56 settin+s
$60AB J %b%%%%66%% G prescaler 6:6, osc# enabled, not sync, internal cl?,
stopped
Cifdef @0D.A5$
init @0D
@cdN/[email protected]$" G use .-34 settin+s
@cdN0md!@cdN0@5" G clear display
@cdN0md!@cdN085&A5NA;;" G cursor off
@cdNAut!6, 6, P8ltra&onic5an+erP" G
@cdNAut!-, 2, PcmP" G
Cendif
init .1M 0hannel : 4% (h*, 2%Q duty cycle
.1M6N/nit!4%%%%" G
.1M6N0han+eNDuty!6-
8/17/2019 Examen_sensores f2 Ok
50/54
unsi+ned char strH4I G strin+ for ran+e display
prepare timer
$60AB#$M56AB J % G stop timer
outAf5an+e J % G reset out of ran+e fla+ $M56) J % G clear timer6
$M56@ J % G
$60AB#$M56AB J 6 G start timer 6
./6#$M56/ J 6 G enable timer 6 interrupts on overflo>
send pulse
.1M6N&tart!" G enable .1M output : transducer is pulsed at
ultrasonic frequency
DelayNus!.8@&@B" G durin+ .8@&@B microseconds .1M6N&top!" G stop .1M
DelayNus!.8@&@B 9 -" G do nothin+ for t>ice the pulse len+th
duration to prevent false start
>hile!dcN5ead!6" R 6" >hile no pulse detected !no si+nal on D0
channel 6"
K
if!outAf5an+e" brea? G to late, out of ran+e
$60AB#$M56AB J % G stop timer 6
./6#$M56/ J % G disable timer 6 interrupts on overflo>
Cifdef @0D.A5$
if!outAf5an+e" is overran+e condtion detected L
K
@cdNAut!-,
8/17/2019 Examen_sensores f2 Ok
51/54
bufHidxI SJ $M56@ G @&
circular buffer
idxSS G next location
if!idx JJ 8;&/E" the end is reached L K
idx J % G bac? to start
cm J % G prepare centimeter avera+in+
for!i J % G i R 8;&/E G iSS" for all samples in buffer
K
cm SJ bufHiI G add to sum
cm J 8;&/E G avera+e samples
9
9 cm contains no> the number of cloc? cycles
9 from the start of the ultrasonic transmission
9 to the first echo detection
9 the duration in second is s J cm !0loc?N(h*!" 9 6%%% 4"
9 if >e admit that sound speed in the air is 34% ms
9 the distance in centimeters !forth and bac?" is d J s 9 34% 9 6%% -
9 or d J 34% 9 6%% - 9 cm 0loc?N?h*!" 6%%% 9 4 9 d J 34 9 - 0loc?N(h*!"
9
cm 9J 34 9 - G no> converts to centimeters
cm J 0loc?N(h*!" G
yte$o&tr!cm, str" G convert to strin+
@cdNAut!-, 6, str" G print strin+
@cdNAut!-,
8/17/2019 Examen_sensores f2 Ok
52/54
CONCLUSIONES
D# i%&) '&n#r&- n!(&'!* 0%# & '#"i"& 0%# *#&r&'!* #) r#c#(!r"#) (r&n*'i*!r )& &')i(%" "i*'in%#. P!r )! (&n(! )& "i*(&nci& "#
*#&r&ci6n #* in#r*&'#n(# r!!rci!n&) & )& &')i(%".
• N!(&'!* 0%# & '#"i"& 0%# &%'#n(B5&'!* )& "i*(&nci& "#*#&r&ci6n "#) r#c#(!r- )& *#>&) (r&n*'i(i"& *# &(r&*&5& *##n#r&5& %n "#*$&*#. C'nc!)m'% 7* $ m*()($ 7* !$ ()%"$nc)$ (*%*/$#$c)n (*! #*c*/"'# !"#$%n)c' +$ $m*n"$n(', *! (*%&$%* (* #*"#$%'"$m-)3n +$ $m*n"$n(', 0 !' !)n(' (* *%"' *% 7* *% !)n*$! c'm' %* /*(*+*# *n *! $%"* (* c#+$ 0928.8?=
8/17/2019 Examen_sensores f2 Ok
53/54
E) !)(&# '#"i"! #n #) r#c#(!r #* "# 112', &r& #) '#(&) #* "#K7', /n&)'#n(# &r& #) c#'#n(! #* "# 88',. P!r )! (&n(!c!nc)%i'!* 0%# )& '&"#r& #r'i(# 0%# #) r#5!(# "# )& *#>&)%)(r&*6nic& *#& '&* #$#c(i&. E) r#5!(# "# )& *#>&) '#n!* #$#c(i& *#"& #n(!nc#* c!n #) '&(#ri&) "# c#'#n(!. E) '#(&) #r'i(# #) r#5!(#
r#)&(i&'#n(#.
• E! %*n%'# (* !"#$%'n)(' /$#*c* "*n*# n &nc)'n$m)*n"' m0 %*nc)!!', %)n*m-$#g' *?)%"*n &$c"'#*% *?"*#n'% (* )n0*n (* m$n*#$ (*"*#m)n$n"* *n!$% m*()($% #*$!)1$($%. P'# "$n"', *% n*c*%$#)' n c'n'c)m)*n"' (* !$%()+*#%$% &*n"*% (* )n"*#&*#*nc)$ 7* $&*c"$n $ !$% m*()c)'n*% /$#$ /'(*#"#$"$#!$% (* &'#m$ $(*c$($, m)n)m)1$n(' % *&*c"'. En"#* !'% ()+*#%'%&$c"'#*% 7* $!"*#$n !$% !*c"#$% 7* %* #*$!)1$n c'n !'% %*n%'#*% (*!"#$%'n)c' c$-* (*%"$c$#
• E! c$m/' (* $c"$c)n (*! /!%' 7* %* *m)"* (*%(* n "#$n%(c"'# (*!"#$%'n)(' ")*n* &'#m$ cn)c$. E! *c' 7* %* #*c)-* c'm' #*%/*%"$ $ !$#**?)n (*! %'n)(' )n()c$ !$ /#*%*nc)$ (*! '-*"' m4% c*#c$n' 7* %**nc*n"#$ (*n"#' (*! c'n' $c%")c' 0 n' *%/*c)5c$ *n n)ngn m'm*n"' !$!'c$!)1$c)n $ng!$# (*! m)%m'. An7* !$ m4?)m$ /#'-$-)!)($( *% 7* *!'-*"' (*"*c"$(' *%"3 %'-#* *! ** c*n"#$! (*! c'n' $c%")c', !$ /#'-$-)!)($((* 7* *! *c' %* $0$ /#'(c)(' /'# n '-*"' /#*%*n"* *n !$ /*#)&*#)$ (*!** c*n"#$! n' *% *n $-%'!" (*%/#*c)$-!* 0 $ (* %*# "*n)($ *n c*n"$ 0"#$"$($ c'n+*n)*n"*m*n"*.
• L$ c$n")($( (* *n*#g>$ $c%")c$ #**$($ /'# *! '-%"4c!' (*/*n(* *n g#$nm*()($ (* !$ *%"#c"#$ (* % %/*#5c)*. P$#$ '-"*n*# n$ #**?)n
$!"$m*n"* ()&%$ (*! '-%"4c!', *! "$m$' (* !$% )##*g!$#)($(*% %'-#* !$%/*#5c)* #**c"'#$ (*-* %*# c'm/$#$-!* $ !$ !'ng)"( (* 'n($ (* !$ 'n($(* !"#$%'n)(' )nc)(*n"*.
• En !'% %*n%'#*% (* !"#$%'n)(' (* -$' c'%"* %* ")!)1$ *! m)%m' "#$n%(c"'#c'm' *m)%'# 0 #*c*/"'#. T#$% !$ *m)%)n (* !"#$%n)(' %* *%/*#$ n(*"*#m)n$(' ")*m/' $ 7* !$% +)-#$c)'n*% *n *! %*n%'# (*%$/$#*1c$n 0 *%"3/#*/$#$(' /$#$ #*c)-)# *! *c' /#'(c)(' /'# *! '-%"4c!'. E%"' )m/!)c$ 7**?)%"* n$ ()%"$nc)$ m>n)m$ ( /#'/'#c)'n$! $! ")*m/' (* #*!$$c)n (*!"#$n%(c"'# $ /$#")# (* !$ c$! *! %*n%'# m)(* c'n /#*c)%)n. P'# !' g*n*#$!,"'('% !'% '-*"'% 7* %* *nc*n"#*n /'# (*-$' (* *%"$ ()%"$nc)$, (, %*#4n)n"*#/#*"$('% /'# *! %)%"*m$ c'm' 7* *%"4n $ n$ ()%"$nc)$ )g$! $ !$()%"$nc)$ m>n)m$.
• L$ "*m/*#$"#$ $&*c"$ !$ m*()($, /'# c$n"' !$ +*!'c)($( (* /#'/$g$c)n (*!$ 'n($ +$#>$ (*/*n()*n(' (* !$ "*m/*#$"#$.
• Un &$c'# (* *##'# m0 c'mn *% *! c'n'c)(' c'm' &$!%'% *c'%, *%"'% /*(*n'c##)# c$n(' !$ 'n($ c'c$ c'n +$#)'% '-*"'% $n"*% (* !!*g$# $! #*c*/"'#.
• L$% 'n($% (* !"#$%'n)(' '-*(*c*n $ !$% !*0*% (* #**?)n (* !$% 'n($%, /'#!' 7* n$ 'n($ (* !"#$%'n)(' ")*n* *! m)%m' $ng!' (* )nc)(*nc)$ 0#**?)n #*%/*c"' $ !$ n'#m$! (* !$ %/*#5c)*. E%"' )m/!)c$ 7* %) !$'#)*n"$c)n #*!$")+$ (* !$ %/*#5c)* #**c"'#$ c'n #*%/*c"' $! ** (*! %*n%'#(* !"#$%'n)(' *% m$0'# 7* n c)*#"' m-#$!, *! %*n%'# nnc$ #*c)-$ *!/!%' (* %'n)(' 7* *m)").
8/17/2019 Examen_sensores f2 Ok
54/54
FIN
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