Che bien Surimi

8/9/2019 Che bien Surimi

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TRNG AI HOC BACH KHOA TP.HCMKHOA CONG NGHE HOA HOC

BO MON CONG NGHE SINH HOC

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BAO CAO SEMINAR CONG NGHE CHE BIEN THT- THUY HAI SAN

E TAI:

GVHD: Nguyen Th HienSVTH: Tran Th My Dung(60200535)

Cao Minh Hi(60200688)Trn Ngc Hung (60203604)

LP: HC02BSH

Thang 4 - 2006


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BAO CAO VE SURIMI GVHD: Nguyen Th Hien

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MUC LUCTrang

Phan m au .................................................................................... 2

I. Gii thieu ve surimi...................................................................... 31. Surimi ........................................................................................... 32. Gia tr dinh dng cua surimi....................................................... 33. Tnh hnh phat trien cua san pham .............................................. 4II. Nguyen lieu ................................................................................. 41. Nguon nguyen lieu chnh ............................................................. 42. Cac chat phu gia........................................................................... 6III. Qui trnh san xuat ....................................................................... 61. Qui trnh ....................................................................................... 6

2. Thuyet minh qui trnh................................................................... 7IV. Mot so san pham surimi............................................................. 111. San pham truyen thong cua Nhat ................................................ 122. San pham tht tom, cua t surimi ................................................. 13Phan ket luan ................................................................................... 19Tai lieu tham khao ........................................................................... 20


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PHAN M AU

Cac san pham che bien t tht va thuy hai san ngay cang c phat trien manhme. Cai thien va nang cao ve chat lng, a dang phong phu ve so lng. Mot

trong nhng san pham chiem lnh th trng tieu thu tren the gii chnh lasurimi. ay la mot san pham c che bien t hai san, xuat hien t rat lau cac nc ong A. Hien nay, san pham nay c phan ln ngi tieu dung trenthe gii a chuong nhat la oi vi ngi an kieng va tre em. V vay ma aycung la mat hang xuat khau em lai nguon thu nhap ngoai te to ln cho nhieuquoc gia trrong o co Viet Nam.Trong bai bao cao nay chung em xin c trnh bay oi net ve qui trnh chebien surimi va cac san pham t surimi vi 4 phan:

Gii thieu ve surimi Nguon nguyen lieu Qui trnh san xuat Mot so san pham

V nguon tai lieu co c con han hep nen qua trnh tong hp con han che,chung em rat mong nhan c s gop y va sa cha cua co.


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3. Tnh hnh phat trien cua san pham.Trc ay, surimi ch c san xuat thu cong qui mo nho. T

nam 1970, c biet en My, 1980 c biet en chau Au, va hiennay no a c biet en tren toan the gii va surimi tr thanh san pham

c s dung pho bien tai My va nhieu nc chau Au. V d: sn phmsurimi dng que c tiu dng Php vo nm 1999 ln n 10550 tn.Hien nay, surimi co mat trong khu san pham ong lanh cua hau

het cac sieu th. nc ta cac cong ty che bien hai san cung ang au t san xuat

surimi xuat khau. Nhiu loi c ca Vit Nam rt thch hp cho vic snxut surimi. Hin surimi c sn xut bng c b vi sn lng t 50.000n 70.000 tn/nm v c kh nng c th t ti hng trm tn nu c utiu th m bo

II. NGUYN LIEU:1. Nguyen lieu chnh

Hau het cac loai ca eu co the dung e san xuat surimi c. Hiennay tren the gii phan ln nguyen lieu chu yeu e san xuat surimi lanhng loai ca thuoc ho ca tuyet. Tuy nhien tren th trng hai san the giisurimi con c san xuat t cac loai ca khac thuoc ho Parophrys, Microstoruns spp., Bothidae va Pleuronectidae. Cac loai ca nay thngsong vung bien Thai Bnh Dng va ai Tay Dng. Ngi ta con sdung nhieu loai ca noi ma trong tht cua chung co lng nc cao va cautruc c khong on nh. Mot nguon nguyen lieu quan trong na e sanxuat surimi la cac loai ca song tang nc gia ngoai ai dng tht cuachung de b nc tham qua va trong mot so trng hp lai con cha motvai oc to. Qua trnh xay nho va ra tht bang nc cua nhng loai ca naykhi che bien cho phep nang cao chat lng thc pham cua chung.

Nhng loai sau ay c xem la nguyen lieu e san xuat surimi:Mustetus nanozo, Glyphis glaucus, Squalus fernadinus, Sphyrau zygaena, Lamuadi tropis, Playrlina sinensis, Centrofous atromanates, ca loai cochat lng kem hn laIsunis glaucus, Rhinobatis shelgli, Carsha- shinuagangeticus.

Cong nghe san xuat surimi c coi la tot hn ca e che bien cacloai ca noi v no cho phep khac phuc c phan ln cac ac thu khongthuan li cua nguon nguyen lieu nay. Chang han, cac san pham cua viectach am ca c tao thanh trong qua trnh thuy phan chat am co thetng phan c ay ra t tht ca, song bang nc ra cac tnh chat, chcnang cua chat am co the tang len do viec lam bien tnh co dang


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surimi. Con qua trnh oxy hoa m se xay ra cham do ngi ta em tronvao tht ca xay cac chat phu gia bao ve. Nhng loai ca noi chu yeu cnghien cu e em vao che bien surimi gom cac loai: ca thu, ca nuc, casacdin, ca trong, v.v.

Sau khi anh bat ngi ta tien hanh phan loai ca giup cho qua trnh chebien de dang hn.

Mot so loai ca hay s dung:

ca phen ca lng

ca trong ca trac

kasamu eso

ca trch ca tuyet

ca nuc


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2. Cac chat phu gia:Mot trong nhng nhc iem cua surimi la khi ong lanh no mat

i cau truc von co. Cac nha khoa hoc a nghien cu t m van e nay vaphat hien ra rang neu cho sorbitol va ng vao th se giup surimi giam

gia tr dinh dng trong qua trnh bao quan lanh, giam hien tng thoaihoa cau truc. ieu nay rat quan trong v cac san pham t surimi la cacsan pham ong lanh. Mot thanh phan quan trong na o la tinh bot, nocai thien cau truc va lam on nh khoi gel. Long trang trng: tang themlng am ong thi tao cho san pham co tnh chat mem mai nhat nh.Dau thc vat: tao o beo cho cac san pham gia tht t surimi.Muoi, bot ngot: co tac dung ieu v cho san pham

III. QUI TRNH CHE BIEN SURIMI:

1. Qui trnh:

X ly

Nghien tho

Ra tht ca

Ep tach nc

Nguyen lieu

Phoi tron

Lam nhuyen

nh hnh


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2. Thuyet minh qui trnh:Ca c ra sach nhng ban nht, loai bo nhng phan gay anh

hng xau en chat lng san pham nh: au uoi vay, vay, noi tang, da,xng va mau ch lay phan tht ca ra lai cho that sach. Khau nay canthc hien tot v co anh hng trc tiep en chat lng ca trong qua trnhche bien va bao quan. Qua trnh loai bo nay cac nc cong nghiep

thng c tien hanh trong nhng thiet b chuyen dung, con oi vinhng nc ang phat trien th chu yeu tien hanh bang phng phap thucong.

Tht ca sau khi x ly xong tien hanh xay nho (ng knh lo sang3-4 mm).

Sau o tien hanh ra lai tht ca. Muc ch cua qua trnh nay lanham e kh mui va mau cua tht ca, ong thi loai i mot lng mang ke. Tuy nhien mot lng am, khoang, vitamin cung b hoa tan vaonc ra.

Thc hien ra 3 lan vi dung dch nc ra lan lt nh sau:Ra lan 1: dung dch acid acetic 0,2% dung cho ca nham(ca sun),0,025% dung cho ca moi va mot so loai ca khac. Ty le dung dchnc ra la 6/1, thi gian ngam ra 30 phut.Ra lan 2: dung dch ra giong lan 1. thi gian ngam ra 20 phut.Ra lan 3: ra bang nc thng, thi gian 10 phut.

Lam ong

Bao quan

Bao goi

Thanh pham


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Cach ra: tht ca xay c ngam vao dung dch, khuay ao euan, lien tuc trong suot thi gian ra( co the dung may khuay ao). Saumoi lan ra, loc tht ca vi 4 lp vai man, e rao nc t nhien 2-3 phutlai tiep tuc ra lan sau. Sau khi c ra lan th 3 tht ca c ep lai

em i tach nc.He thong thng dung la nhng be ln cha ay nc, co bo phanloc e loai bo nhng thanh phan khong mong muon.

Sau o ep tach nc e bao am o am thch hp cho surimi. Tuythao tng trng hp va loai ca cu the cung nh yeu cau o am cuasrimi ma ieu chnh lc ep cho phu hp.

Tien hanh phoi tron cac chat phu gia gom: tinh bot 3%; gelatin0,2%; photphate nitrate 0,3% - so vi khoi lng tht ca sau khi ep tachnc.

e tao san pham co o ong eu va o ben deo dai thc hien quatrnh lam nhuyen, thi gian t 15 20 phut.nh hnh san pham: tao cho san pham co hnh dang ep, ong

thi thc hien qua trnh suvari tc la trong tht ca xay hnh thanh cautruc protein dang li ( tao gel) tng oi ben vng.

Tht ca sau khi lam nhuyen c nh hnh bang khuon tuy yngi at hang, sau o cho vao tui PE tranh tiep xuc vi khong kh vamoi trng xung quanh.

Thc hien lam ong theo phng phap ong nhanh trong tu ong

tiep xuc, nhiet o -35 - -40o

C, lam ong dang block.Cac block surimi c bao quan trong tui PE han kn mieng, xepcac tui vao cac thung carton bao quan trong kho lanh vi nhiet o (-18) (-22)oC, co the gi c thi gian 6 thang.


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S o qui trnh san xuat surimi

Mot so hnh anh ve quy trnh san xuat surimi nha may che bien thuy-haisan:

Ca nguyen lieu

X ly ca


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Mot so thiet b:

Tu ong

San pham

Nghien tho

Phoi tron va lamnhuyen

nh hnh sanpham


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Thiet b ra va anh vay t ong

May xay He thong bang tai

May nh hnh


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Thiet b bao goi

IV. MOT SO SAN PHAM SURIMI:ac iem va yeu cau: cac mat hang thc pham gia cac loai nguyen lieu

ac san c san xuat t surimi eu phai mang ay u nhng ac iemcung nh cac tnh chat hoa hoc phu hp vi tng loai nguyen lieu can lamtng t.

1. San pham truyen thong cua Nhat- Kamaboko:Xuat hien Nhat vao nam 1528. viec phat trien san xuat tren qui mo

nho bat au vao the k 19. Nguyen lieu chu yeu la surimi che bien t tht catrang ( ca hoi, ca ngan). San pham nay c dung vi cac loai nc cham

khac nhau hoac vi sup nong, m si. Hnh dang chu yeu cua Kamaboko lahnh ban tru c bao ben ngoai bi mot lp da mau o hay mau trang.Ngoai ra mot so san pham Kamaboko c cuon lai bi mot lp bap cai vacat lat vi nhng hnh dang khac nhau, san pham nay co ten la Naruto,ay la mon an thng c dung trong ngay le hay ngay he; co mot so loaisan pham c them phomai vao goi la Chikama c dung nh motloai thc an nhanh ong goi san.

Qui trnh che bien:

Tao hnh

X ly nhiet

ong goi

Tron phu

kamaboko

Tht ca xaynhuyen


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Giai thch qui trnh:Nguyen lieu c ban cua kamaboko la surimi, tien hanh tron them cacchat phu gia co mau sac va mui v ac trng, tao hnh thanh nhng san

pham co hnh dang nh hnh ban tru, hnh cuon. X ly nhiet la qua trnh hap,chien hoac nng en khi chn hoan toan va tao khoi cng chac. Xep trongnhng khay nho cho vao tui PE, tranh s tiep xuc vi khong kh.San pham kamaboko:

2. San xuat tht tom, cua t surimi:Qui trnh che bien tht tom cua t surimi c sang che oc lap t Y.Sugino va K. Osaki vao nam 1975. San pham nay c xuat khau sang My

lan au tien vao nam 1983 bi cong ty Yamasa Enterprises va nhanh chongc s dung rong rai, nam 1986 doanh thu t tht gia cua la 250 trieu ola.Va hien nay My la mot trong nhng th trng tieu thu manh nhat nhngsan pham tht gia cua xuat khau t Nhat.

Nguyen lieu chnh dung trong san xuat tht gia tom cua cung la tht caxay c che bien t cac loai ca theo qui trnh che bien surimi khoi lngdung 65-80%. Nguyen lieu phu va cac chat phu gia co them mot so chat

nh:Chat thm cua tom cua:ay la chat c ban nhat tao hng v ac trng cho mat hang gia. cac

nc co nen cong nghiep san xuat surimi phat trien ngi ta dung chat thm dang tinh the tao nen mui thm ac trng cho tng loai san pham gia, t lephoi tro thng la nho, e tao v ngi ta dung them mot so chat hng v


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ac biet khac vi t le thch hp, hoac dung trc tiep nc chiet t tom cuavi mot ty le nhat nh.

Bot mau:Mau sac se lam tang them gia tr cam quan cua san pham. ac biet la

trong san xuat mac hang gia viec s dung va ieu chnh mau sao cho phuhp vi mau sac t nhien la ieu rat can thiet. Bot mau thc pham thch hpvi mat hang gia tom cua thng la mau gach cua, caramen, t botket hpvi mot so mau khac nh mau o, mau hong, mau cam

Dau thc vat:Lng chat beo ban au co trong ca c loai bo trong cong oan ra

tht ca. Khi dung ca xay th phai a vao mot lng chat beo e san phamgia co o beo phu hp vi o beo cua mat hang ma ta can lam gia.

Qui trnh che bien:

Ca nguyen lieu

Phan loai, lam sach,phile

Che bien surimi

Phoi tron gia v

Tao hnh thttom cua

X ly nhiet


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Giai thch qui trnh:Surimi se c phoi tron vi nhng thanh phan vi t le nh sau:

T le %Ten cac chatGia tom Gia cua

1. Tht ca2. Nc chiet cua tom3. Nc chiet cua cua4. Long trang trng5. Tinh bot6. ng sacharose7. Muoi an (NaCl)8. Bot ngot9. Dau thc vat10.Keo gelatin11.Na2HPO4

788-4

5.5

-10.22.50.20.3

79-

1054

0.7510.2-

0.20.3

Hon hp sau phoi tron se la dang paste se c cha trong mot thung

ln e a en thiet b tao hnh, qua thiet b tao hnh se cho ra hnh ban mongco chieu rong 25cm va be day la 1,2mm. Sau o la qua trnh x ly nhiet, vieclam chnh se giup cho qua trnh chia ban mong thanh nhng hnh dang khacnhau c de dang hn. San pham sau khi c tao hnh se bo sung mau thchhp, roi tien hanh hap chn. Luc nay san pham se rat giong thc pham ma tamuon lam gia. ong goi san pham bang phng phap chan khong. Sau o tien

San pham

ong goi


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hanh thanh trung mot lan na bang phng phap Pastuerized. Bao quan trongkho lanh vi nhiet o 18oC.

Day chuyen san xuat surimi cong ty che bien:

Tron nguyen lieu chnh va nguyen

lieu phu

Lam nhuyen khoi tron

Tao mieng mong

Bo sung mau


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ong bao b

ong goi chan khong

Thanh trung va lam nguoi bang nclanh

Bao quan san pham trong thiet blanh ong


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Mot so san pham surimi:

Cua que

san pham surimi

Gia tom surimi mieng Gia tom


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gia cua gia cua chikama

KET LUAN

S phat trien cua cac san pham surimi trong tng lai rat kha quan vith trng tieu thu ngay mot m rong. Viec quan trong hien nay la tap trungnghien cu e tao nen cac san pham mi chat lng hn, a dang hn eap ng nhu cau cua th trng ma co the tan dung c nguon nguyen lieuca kem chat lng va cac loai ca co thanh phan chat beo cao, ay la motthach thc trong viec cai thien nguyen lieu. Trong cong nghe san xuat canco nhng qui trnh tot hn e che bien va bao quan san pham nhanh nhat,tot nhat. ong thi con mot iem can lu y la khac phuc tnh trang gay onhiem moi trng do viec x ly chat thai che bien cha tot. Cuoi cung laviec nang cao gia tr dinh dng trong san pham.


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Che bien Surimi

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