Cardiovasculaire effecten van glucoseverlagende geneesmiddelen · death from CV causes, nonfatal...

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Katrien Benhalima, MD PhD Adjunct-kliniekhoofd Endocrinologie 1-12-2018 Cardiovasculaire effecten van glucoseverlagende geneesmiddelen

Transcript of Cardiovasculaire effecten van glucoseverlagende geneesmiddelen · death from CV causes, nonfatal...

Page 1: Cardiovasculaire effecten van glucoseverlagende geneesmiddelen · death from CV causes, nonfatal MI, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for unstable angina death from CV causes ,

Katrien Benhalima, MD PhD

Adjunct-kliniekhoofd Endocrinologie

1-12-2018

Cardiovasculaire effecten van

glucoseverlagende geneesmiddelen

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Gezonde leefstijl:

voeding en beweging

Metformine

Eerste stap na diagnose:

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Wat na Metformine?

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2018 ADA/EASD consensus report on the

management of T2DM

CVD

1e:

GLP-1 or SGLT-2i

CKD/Heart Failure

1e: SGLT-2i

2e: GLP-1

Diabetologia: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-018-4729-5

Gewichtsverlies en laag hypo risico:

1e:

GLP-1 or SGLT-2i

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SGLT-2 inhibitoren

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Glomerulus Proximal

tubule S1 S2

S3

Collecting duct

Adapted from Bays H. Curr Med Res Opin 2009;25(3):671–681.

GLUCOSE REABSORPTION

GLUCOSE FILTRATION

The kidneys filter and reabsorb 180g of glucose per day

Minimal glucose

excetion

SGLT2

~90%

SGLT1

~10%

Special transporters in the kidneys are responsible for the reabsorption of glucose

PHBNL/CAN/0115/000

1

SGLT2-I

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Expected Clinical Effects of SGLT2 Inhibition Based on

the Mode of Action

Increased Glucose

Excretion

Increased Sodium Excretion

Reduced

FPG & PPG 0.6 to 1 % HbA1C

2 to 3 kg

weight loss Loss of Energy

Calories

Reduced

Sodium Load 3 to 5 mm Hg

BP

The increased urinary glucose excretion leads to a net loss of ∼70

to 80 g/d of glucose with accompanying daily energy losses of up

to ∼300 kcal

The effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on the kidney in patients with type 2 diabetes. Bernard Peene and Katrien Benhalima. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab. 2014 Oct;5(5):124-136.

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EMPA-REG

OUTCOME

CANVAS

Program

DECLARE-

TIMI 58

Drug Jardiance Invokana Forxiga

Doses analysed 10 mg, 25 mg (once

daily)

100 mg, 300 mg (once

daily) 10 mg (once daily)

Median follow-up time,

years 3·1 2·4 4·2

Trial participants 7020 10 142 17 160

Age, mean 63·1 63·3 63·9

Women 2004 (28·5%) 3633 (35·8%) 6422 (37·4%)

Patients with

established

atherosclerotic

cardiovascular disease

7020 (100% ) 6656 (65·6% ) 6974 (40·6% )

Patients with a history

of heart failure 706 (10·1% ) 1461 (14·4% ) 1724 (10·0% )

Patients with eGFR

<60 mL/min per 1·73

m2

1819 (25·9% ) 2039 (20·1% ) 1265 (7·4% )

SGLT2 inhibitors for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcome

trials, Lancet November 2018

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Zinman B et al. N Engl J Med 2015. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1504720

EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial: superioriteit van Jardiance

-14%

10.5% vs. 12.1% -38%

-32% -35%

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Number needed to treat (NNT) to prevent one

death across landmark trials in patients with

high CV risk

4S investigator. Lancet 1994; 344: 1383-89, http://www.trialresultscenter.org/study2590-4S.htm; 2. HOPE investigator N Engl J Med 2000;342:145-53,

http://www.trialresultscenter.org/study2606-HOPE.htm

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NEJM November 10; 2018

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-17%

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© AstraZeneca 2018

Primary Endpoint:

Composite of hHF or CV death and the Individual Components

Two-sided p-value is shown for the primary efficacy composite outcome of CV death or hHF.

CV, cardiovascular; DAPA, dapagliflozin; HF, heart failure; hHF, hospitalization for heart failure.

Wiviott SD et al. Online ahead of print. New Engl J Med. 2018.

1.2 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.6

Composite of hHF/CV death 417 496 0.83 (0.73, 0.95) 0.005

Hospitalization for HF 212 286 0.73 (0.61, 0.88)

CV death 245 249 0.98 (0.82, 1.17)

0.9

Number of events

DAPA 10 mg

(N=8582) Placebo

(N=8578) HR (95%CI) p-value

Favors

DAPA

Favors

Placebo

-27%

-17%

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-24%

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Implicaties voor de Declare studie

Pump, pipes, and fi lter: do SGLT2 inhibitors cover it all?

Published Lancet:November 10, 2018DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32824-1

-11%

-31% -45%

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• In combinatie met MF

• In combinatie met SU (CI voor MF)

• In combinatie met MF + SU

• In combinatie met een basaal insuline

HbA1c van ≥7-9% en eGFR > 60ml/min

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Forxiga en Jardiance ook terugbetaald:

HbA1c 7-9%

• In combinatie met DPP-4 inhibitoren

• In combinatie met meerdere insuline injecties

• NIET met GLP-1

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GLP-1 analogen

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Het incretine hormoon GLP-1, een fysiologische regulator van de glucose

homeostase

Beta-cellen van de

pancreas :

-Stimuleert de glucose-

afhankelijke

insulinesecretie

Alfa-cellen

van de pancreas:

Vermindert de post-prandiale

secretie van glucagon

Maag :

Vertraagt de maaglediging

Hersenen :

Stimuleert verzadiging en

vermindert voedselinname

Lever :

Vermindert de hepatische

productie van glucose

Verbetert de Beta-cel

respons

Vermindert de nood aan insuline

van het organisme door op verschillende plaatsen in te werken

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De familie van de op incretine-

gebaseerde behandelingen

Long acting

Victoza

Bydureon

(Eperzan)

Trulicity

Short acting (Prandial)

Byetta

Lyxumia

GLP-1 receptor

agonisten

DPP-4 inhibitoren

Januvia

Galvus Onglyza

Trajenta Vipidia

Incretin-based

therapies

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DPP-4 inhibitoren

GLP-1 analogen

* HbA1c reductie 0.5–1.0%

* Gewichtsneutraal

* Orale medicatie

* Geen significante GI nevenwerkingen

* Geen hypoglycemie

* HbA1c reductie 0.6–1.5%

* Significant en aangehouden gewichtsverlies

* Injecties (1x of 2x daags, 1x per week)

* GI nevenwerkingen frequent (nausea, diarree)

* Geen hypoglycemie

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DPP-4 inhibitoren

GLP-1 analogen

Terugbetaling

Bij Hba1c ≥7-9% in associatie met

metformine (3 md) of SU of basaal

insuline

Bij HbA1c > 7.5% in associatie met

Metformine + SU (3 md)

zorgtraject

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GLP-1 analogen

Byetta Lyxumia Victoza

Bydureon Trulicity

5µg 2/d 10µg 1/d 0.6mg/d

2mg/week 1.5mg/week

Na 4 weken:

10µg 2/d

Na 2 weken:

20µg/d

Na 1-2 weken:

1.2mg/d

(0.75mg)

Na 6

maanden:

1.8mg/d

Stop bij

klaring <30

Stop bij

klaring <30

Stop bij

klaring <15

Stop bij

klaring <30

Stop bij

klaring <15

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Terugbetaling

Niet met insuline Wel met insuline

(enkel basaal)

Victoza Lyxumia

Trulicity Byetta

Bydureon Xultophy-Suliqua

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Vaste combinaties van insuline met

een GLP-1 analoog

• Xultophy:

basaal insuline Degludec met Victoza

1x per dag-moet niet bij het eten

• Suliqua:

basaal insuline Lantus met Lyxumia

1x per dag-moet binn en het 1 uur voor het

eten

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Terugbetaling

diabetes type 2 patiënten met een BMI ≥ 30kg/m² en

HbA1c > 7,5% onder een basale insuline, gegeven

gedurende tenminste 3 maanden, in combinatie met 1 of

meerdere orale antidiabetica waaronder tenminste

metformine

NIET in combinatie met DPP-4 of SGLT2-I

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ELIXA:

Lixisenatide (Lyxumia)

LEADER:

Liraglutide (Victoza)

EXSCEL:

Exenatide (Bydureon)

Number of patients 6068 9340 14752

Mean age (years) 60 64 62

Diabetes duration

(years) 9.3 12.9 12.0

Ethnici ty: % white/Caucasian 75 ? 75

HbA1c 7.7 8.7 8.0

Follow-up (years)

2.1 3.5 3.2

% Secondary

prevention

(CVD)

99 81 73

Heart failure 22 17 16

Primary endpoint

death from CV causes,

nonfatal MI, nonfatal

stroke, or hospitalization

for unstable angina

death from CV causes,

nonfatal (including silent)

MI, or nonfatal stroke

death from CV causes,

nonfatal MI, nonfatal

stroke

Events per 100 pat.

years (intervention

vs. placebo)

6.4 vs. 6.3 3.4 vs. 3.9 3.7 vs. 4.0

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Marso SP et al. N Engl J Med 2016. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1603827

LEADER

Effect na 12-

18 maanden

NNT: 66 -13%

-22%

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REWIND

Drug tested Dulaglutide: Trulicity

Dose 1.5 mg/week

# participants 9901

Mean age, years 66

Women, % 46

Prior CVD, % 31

Mean BMI, kg/m2 32

Mean HbA1c, % 7.3

Primary outcome MACE3

Gerstein HC et al. Diabetes Obes Metab 2017; doi: 10.1111/dom.13028

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DPP4i in CVD disease: safe

White WB. et. NEJM 2013; Scirica BM, et al. N Engl J Med 2013; Green JB et al. NEJM 2015;

SAVOR-TIMI (Saxagliptin) EXAMINE (Alogliptin)

TECOS (Sitagliptin)

Page 33: Cardiovasculaire effecten van glucoseverlagende geneesmiddelen · death from CV causes, nonfatal MI, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for unstable angina death from CV causes ,

Vrouw van 62 jaar

• 5 jaar T2DM en VG van MI

• Metformax 850mg 2/d (max. tolerantie)

• Klaring 65 en BMI 29

• HbA1c bij laatste controle 7.8%

• Wat kies je als bijkomende medicatie?

SGLT2 inhibitor

Page 34: Cardiovasculaire effecten van glucoseverlagende geneesmiddelen · death from CV causes, nonfatal MI, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for unstable angina death from CV causes ,

Man van 78 jaar

• BMI van 35, TIA gehad

• CNI (klaring van 68)

• Hba1c rond 9,5%

• T2DM sinds 15 jaar, onder Metformine 500mg

2/d, Glurenorm 30mg 3/d

Voorstel start Victoza aan 0.6mg/d en na 1-2

weken 1.2mg/d

Start diabeteszorgtraject

Page 35: Cardiovasculaire effecten van glucoseverlagende geneesmiddelen · death from CV causes, nonfatal MI, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for unstable angina death from CV causes ,

Diagnose

Levensstijl interventie

+Metformine

Geen hypo’s Obees/

geen hypo’s

CV/CKD-HF

DDP-4-

inhibitoren

(TZD)

GLP-1

analogen

Onvoldoende

controle

SGLT2

inhibitoren

Vaste combinatie

insuline met GLP-1

Basaal insuline