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в а в

Ка и а

а а а Ва и вић С ђа Ш шић

Ј

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а а

ви Са , 2015 __________________________________________________

К ј ц М

____________________________________________________________

Д , , , , , У

____________________________________________________________

Ш ђ , ( 15.10.2012), , , ,

У

____________________________________________________________

, , , А , , У

Ма а Ма а а Ва в ћ

П љ в а У в Н в Са

а а

Summary

1. ...................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 ................................... 2

1.2 О ...... 5

1.3 ђ .............................................................. 7

2. ............................................................................................................... 10

3. ....................................................................................... 11

3.1 .......................................................... 11

3.2 2013/2014, …....................... 13

3.3 ….................................................................... 14

3.3.1 …................................................................................... 14

3.3.2 ђ (N-ЦТn ).......................................... 15

3.3.3 ......................................................... 15

3.4 ....................................................................... 16

3.4.1 ђ ........................ 16

3.4.2 Г ®- ..................................... 18

3.5 ..................................................................... 20

3.6 ђ 1000 ............................................................................ 21

3.7 ............................................................ 21

3.8 ............................................................................ 22

4. ............................................................. 23

4.1 ..................................................... 23

4.1.1 .......................................................................................... 23

4.1.2 ђ ..................................................................... 23

4.1.3 ........................................................... 25

4.2 ................................................ 30



4.3 ......................................................... 34

4.4 .......................................................................................... 36

4.4.1 ........................................................ 36

4.4.2 ................................................................................................ 37

4.4.3 .................................................................................... 37

4.4.4 ( ) .................................................................. 39

4.4.5 1000 ......................................................................................... 40

4.4.6 ....................................................................................................... 41

5. .............................................................................................................. 44

6. ........................................................................................................... 46



2013/2014

. -40 .

. Г ®- ,

ђ .

: ђ , ђ

( „508“),

Г ®- , , ђ

„508“, je .

-40

ђ 127kg N/ha.

.

12.05.2014. . , 29.06.2014.

.

F-

( ),

,

, 1000 (

0,05) , ђ ђ

. 4,35 t/ha,

8,25 t/ha.

К ч ч : , ђ , ,

Г ®, ,



Summary

The field trial with organic winter wheat was carried out in the production year of

2013/2014, on the certified arable land of the Department for alternative species in Backi

Petrovac.

Analyzed winter wheat variety was NS-40S. The experiment was conducted in a

split plot system with three replications. Plants were foliar treated with AGROSTEMIN®,

organic plant fertilizers and earthworm compost. In various combinations, the plants treated

with: liquid fertilizer from nettles, combination of liquid fertilizer of nettles and horsetail

water extract (preparation "508"), with AGROSTEMIN® and then with combination of

bioregulator AGROSTEMIN®, liquid fertilizer from nettles and horsetail water extract and

last treatment was with earthworm compost. The control were untreated organic wheat and

conventional NS-40S which was fertilized with 127kg N/ ha.

Treatments were carried out according to the plan in the April and May during

tillering and stem extension of winter wheat. The application of last treatment was 12th

May,

2014. Harvest was performed in optimal deadline at 29th

June 2014.

F-test variance analysis examined the properties of the overall variability of number

of plants per square meter, number of spike weight and number of grains per spike showed

high statistical significance after applying the treatments, grain weight per spike showed

statistical significance, while the mass of 1000 grains per meter was significant at the

significance level of 0.05. The highest yield was realized on the organic plot is 4.35 t/ha,

while the yield on conventional plot was 8.25 t/ha.

Key words: wheat, liquid nettle fertilizer, the water horsetail extract, AGROSTEMIN®,

yield, yield components

1


1.

(Triticum sp. L) Poales, (Poaceae),

Triticum .

.

2012. 3.861.477 ha,

57,5%. 2012.

4.542 ha, 2013.

5.333 ha. 2012.

566,38 СК , ,

.

,

ђ .

,

.

,

( ., 2013).

(ČuvКrНТć et al., 2006),

( ,

- , )

( ., 2008).

ђ ,

ђ , ,

ђ

, ђ ,

. ,

.

(АТУЧКЧНs, 1999), ђ

2


.

ђ

( , 2008).

ђ , ,

,

. ,

, ђ

( ., 2012) .

1.1

. ,

ђ .

.

(2013)

.

,

.

( ., 2007, ., 2010).

,

ђ .

, ,

,

( , 2008).

,

, , ,

3


. ( , 2000).

. 16.

.

ђ , ,

. 1. ђ

,

,

,

ђ -

.

,

, ,

(Murphy et al., 2007).

, ,

, ,

.

( ) ( ),

,

.

, , , ,

-40 ( 1) .

4


1: -40

: http://www.nsseme.com/products/inc/wheat/ns40s.php

-40 .

, , .

ђ .

9 t/ha. (1)

.

1: -40

1000

80-90cm 36-42g 76-82kg 11-13% 24-30% 1- 2

200-365

.

http://www.nsseme.com/products/inc/wheat/ns40s.php

5


1.2

, ђ , ,

( , 2013).

( 6, 2)

( ),

,

.

® .

2:

( 2)

®. ®

6


. ® 1973.

, , (Agrostemma

githago L.) ( 2) .

2: Аgrostemma githago L.-

: http://www.pinterest.com/margretvanschei/ackerwildkr%C3%A4uter/

,

( ) ( , 1986).

,

(BСШаЦТФ, 1982).

,

(Agrostemma githago L.) ,

,

® ( ., 1986). ђ

http://www.pinterest.com/margretvanschei/ackerwildkr%C3%A4uter/

7


,

, ( , ),

( ),

. ђ

, ,

®-

ђ (Welte and Szabolcs, 1987). (1986)

®- 2%, ђ

10-15%, .

,

( , , ).

®- ,

( ., 1998). ®

.

, ,

ђ ,

.

1.3 ђ

ђ , ђ ђ

ђ

( , 2008).

ђ .

ђ

. ђ ,

(

), ,

( , 2008). ђ

8


, , , . KuОppОr- (2003)

,

.

,

- . „

“ („ . ”, .

48/11), 19.

,

, . ђ

,

- ( , 1996).

ђ

.

,

, . 10

, ђ

(BШХМu КЧН AЧНrОТ, 2003).

, ,

,

, . ( ,

1996).

,

, ђ ,

.

( , 1996).

,

(LТКЧР, 1999). ђ

9


, (MК КЧН TКФКСКsСТ,

2002). ,

, ђ

, , .

N

.

(90%) .

- ,

( , 1996).

,

, .

,

( , 1996).

10


2.

ђ ®-

, ђ ,

-40 .

, .

11


3.

3.1

УО ,

,

( 3).

3: -40 ( .)

28.10.2013. , .

12.03.2014. .

50 2

( 1)

1,5 m x 1 m. -40 .

.

, .

12.05.2014. .

, ђ

( -40 ) .

12


( 1):

1. - ђ ; 2. - ђ

; 3. - ®- ; 4. , - ®- ,

ђ , ; 5. - - ђ ; 6. - ( ,

);

7. - -40 (127 ФР ).

1.

3: , -40 , 12.03.2014. ( .)

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

13


3.2 2013-2014. ,

,

,

,

( , 2002). 2013.

2014. .

.

,

.

, .

. 175 ЦЦ ( 4),

.

.

4:

IX X XI XII I II III IV V VI VII

°C

2013-2104 15.5 13.7 8.4 1.8 4.2 6.1 10.6 13.6 16.9 21.1 22.4

mm 2013-2014 95.3 53. 29.2 1.5 28.8 13.4 29.8 88.0 175.0 23. 146.0

5:

од 1984-

2010,

п о ек

Те пе ту в дух

л о т в дух

Те пе ту е љ шт °C

д в е

М x Min 5cm

едњ д ев

2cm

5cm

10cm

17,3 6,1 4,9 11,5 69,8 13,1 12,8 12,7 619,3

ђ

12,2 њC, 1984-2010

11,5њC, 583,1 ЦЦ, 619,3

mm ( 5).

14


3.3

:

,

(N-min),

.

3.3.1

. (2014) ђ

.

ЋtШМФОs-Ш :

- (МЦ s-1 ),

r - (МЦ),

ρг – ( ) ~2,65 g cm-3

,

ρv – ( ) ( ). 20њC ~1 g cm-

3, .

- , 20њC 0,01 .

.

- .

:

10 g 2 ЦЦ.

, 25 МЦ3 0,1 M

NК-pТrШПШsПКtК 24 .

1С 0,2

ЦЦ ( ). ђ

0,2 0,05 ЦЦ,

.

1000 МЦ3.

15


105њC , .

.

: 10 cm3

10 МЦ, 4’ 48’’.

ђ 10 МЦ,

36 10 МЦ

.

, .

105њC. (

) . ђ

.

ђ , 10 cm3 .

: (0,02-0,002mm),

, ђ 10 МЦ 8 .

.

3.3.2 ђ (N-ЦТn )

ђ NO3-N Scharpf Whermann (1978)

N-min ,

ђ .

. 210

nm ( , 2006).

3.3.3

. ђ

ђ ,

ђ . ђ

ђ .

ђ 105oC 4С,

16


,

1Р .

:

N (CFU/g ) = a*b*c/d

:

N- 1Р ;

a – ;

b – 1 ml;

c – ђ ;

d – .

3.4

3.4.1 ђ

ђ ( 4 5): 240 Р

10 L 2-3 .

24.02.2014.

(50 g), . Ђ

10.03.2014. . ђ

1:50. (2008)

6.

4 5: ( .)

17


6:

% N 0.05

N 0.05

Ј2O5 0.14

Ј2O5 0.03

K2O 1.50

K2O 0.30

. (2013) ђ

, ђ .

ђ ( 4 5):

1. 12.03.2014. ( 1:50, 5 l/2,5 m2, 20 ml/ L);

2. 21.03.2014. ( 1:50, 5 l/2,5 m2);

3. 31.03.2014. ( 1:50, 5 l/2,5 m2);

800 L

1 СК, 20 kg

.

“508“ ( ). 10 L

80 Р 1 kg ( , 1996)

( 6 7). 24 h,

ђ 1:5.

,

( , 2008).

6 7: ( .)

18


„508“:

1. 31.03.2014. ( 1:5 2 L/2,5 m2);

2. 07.04.2014. ( 1:5 2 L/2,5 m2);

3. 12.05.2014. ( 1:5 2 L/2,5 m2);

8: ( .)

:

1. 12.03.2014. ( 1:10 3 L/2,5m2);

2. 21.03.2014. ( 1:10 3 L/2,5m2).

3.4.2 Е ®-

® ,

, .

:

I. :

: (C11H12N2O2),

(C5H9NO4), (C10H13NO4) .

: (C4H8N4O4),

(C4H6N4O3), (C5H5N5) ,

II. :

( ): ABA (apcisinske kiseline),

(C8H29N3O7).

: Mg2SiO4 ( ).

- . ( )

19


. 1 g 12 L .

:

1. 12.03.2014.

2. 04.04.2014.

®

, ђ

, 5 10 ,

ђ .

e : 1,2 Р 15 L

, (0,32 g/m2 320 g/ha ).

7:

20


9: ( .)

3.5 29.06.2014.

( 10)

(1 2). ,

( ):

( ) 2, ,

1000 .

10: -40 29.06.2014. ( .)

21


3.6 ђ 1000

(2011) ђ 1000

:

, 100 .

,

.

: x= , N=

= √ S

Ẋ : Ẋ= 100

=

(S)

3.7 ђ

(2011)

:

:

V- ;

1- ;

M2- ( 10);

3- .

100њC 103њC.

= Ч (Ʃ б²)-(Ʃб)²

N(N-1)

22


11: ( .)

(2010) ђ :

= 100-x

100-y

- ;

- - ;

x- ђ %;

y- % ( ђ ).

3.8

( NOVA).

, p <0.01 p <0.05 . o

ђ О LЋD ,

STATISTICA 8.0.

23


4.

4.1

4.1.1

, , -

, - , - ,

,

( , 2012).

.

TШЦЦОrup-u

( 8). ,

ђ ,

, ђ

( , 2012).

ђ .

8:

(%)

(%)

+

(%)

Tommerup-u

2-0,2

(mm)

0,2-0,02

(mm)

0.02-

0,002

(mm)

<0,002

(mm)

1 0.50 37.78 36.84 24.88 38.28 61.72

0.30 43.70 30.96 25.04 44.00 56.00

4.1.2 ђ

,

, ђ .

,

( ., 2003). ђ

,

( ., 2005), ,

- . . (2008)

24


,

,

.

,

ђ .

ђ N-min ,

( , 2008).

ђ ( N)

.

ђ , (0-30, 30-60, 60-90

МЦ). 12.03.2014. . (9)

. 31,4 ФР N/СК

.

9:

N N

0-30 cm 11,92 0-30 cm 80,72

30-60 cm 9,93 30-60 cm 122,87

60-90 cm 9,49 60-90 cm 99,57

31,34 303,17

25


К К А АК КО КК

Kg N/ha 27.97 29.3 30.98 30.4 25.71 25.74 138.64

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Kg N/ha п . уво е љ ште

1: (0-30

cm)

25 31 ФР N, 138

ФР N ( 1). , ,

N ,

N-NO3

.

4.1.3

( ., 2005). ђ

.

.

, ђ Azotobacter- , ,

, ,

. ђ

.

,

, ђ

26


( ., 1992).

zotobacter sp. ,

.

.

2 .

161.68

213.96 202.14167.93

210.14166.61

214.31

0

100

200

300

К К К Г КО КК

Azotobacter

2: б 101

,

,

( , 2003).

,

.

3.

73.0681.97

109.73

54.2170.05

171.69

105.69

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200


Amonifikatori

3: б106

27


( 4)

.

( б , 1977).

.

223.96

160.32181.35

251.01 251

204.45

333.51

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400


Ukupan broj

4: б107

( 5) ,

,

,

.

138.93125.36 123.6

114.31120.24

166.04

103.34

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180


Oligonitrofili

5: б107

( 6) , .

28


ђ (

).

.

29.94

25.31

11.55

5.89

18.68

13.5511.74

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35


Gljive

6: б104

, ( 7)

.

.

, , .

4.79

3.62 3.47

9.43

2.33

1.13 1.17

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10


Aktinomicete

7: б 104

29


( 8)

, ,

.

.

,

.

582

666

862

479 451

601652

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000


DHA

8:

30


4.2

, ( 12).

ђ

,

, ,

( , 2000).

12: Feek s-

: http://www.mississippi-crops.com/2014/03/20/identifying-wheat-growth-stages-using-the-feekes-

scale/

ђ

, N ,

, ,

. N

( ., 2010).

( 1, 3, 4, 5 ( 1, 4) (12.03.2014. )

4 ( 12) ,

( -40 )

.

( , 1986).

ђ ,

http://www.mississippi-crops.com/2014/03/20/identifying-wheat-growth-stages-using-the-feekes-scale/

http://www.mississippi-crops.com/2014/03/20/identifying-wheat-growth-stages-using-the-feekes-scale/

31


( , 1986).

13: 21.03.2014. ( .)

ђ

.

, , ,

.

ђ , ђ ђ ђ

(HöСЧО Оt КХ., 2011).

21.03.2014. , 25.03.2014.

5 ( 13).

( 2) ( , 1996).

32


14: 25.03.2014. ( .)

25.03.2014. ђ 5 FООФОs-

( 12). 07.04.2014. ,

.

,

® Ш , 5

( 14).

15: 7.04.2014. ( .)

09.05.2014.

6, 7, 8 9 ( 16). ђ

,

33


,

.

16: 09.05.2014. ( .)

12.05.2014.

„508“,

. 10,5 FООФОs- ( 12).

K Sorghum halepsense L., Papaver

rhoeas L. ( 17) Polygonum convolvulus L.

17: Papaver rhoeas L. ( .)

: (Eurygaster austriaca S.), (Anisoplia

austriaca).

34


.

( 18).

18: Coccinela sp. ( .)

4.3

-40

80-90 cm. (2002)

, .


в љке 69.16 67.49 66.48 69.64 64.3 61.64 82.17

ој оду 3.1 3.3 3.1 3.3 3.1 3.1 4.5

ду кл 5.6 5.8 5.4 6.8 5.6 4.5 8

0

2

4

6

8

10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

О ов е о фолошке о о е о е пше це

9:

61,64 cm 79,64 cm,

35


. ,

69,64 cm

( 9). 82,17 cm -40

.

( )

,

, . ђ .

,

( ., 2012). (1993)

, , ,

. 5,6

cm, 8 cm ( 2),

30% .

: , ,

, .

4,7 МЦ,

,

.

. (2003) , ,

( ) 5-6 ( ).

2 3,1 ( ) 4,5 (

).

36


4.4

4.4.1

, -40 .

500-550.

,

( , 2004).

193-212 kg.

362 619

.

422, 619,

.

.

ђ

( 10) ђ (F=55,177**).


п о ек 414 427 448 462 423 362 619

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

ој кл ов по ет у кв д т о

c c c

a

b

dc

10: (LSD 0.05=23,6921; LSD 0.01=33,2168;

О , ђ ).

10:

d.f. s.s. s.s.% m.s. F

2

6

12

212,7143

117414,3359

4255,9497

0,17

96

3,83

106,3571

19569,0566

354,6625

0,300

55,177**

20 121883,0000 100

37


d. f. – , s. s. – , s. s. % – %, Ц. s. – ;

96%.

4.4.2

0,9 g 1,7 Р ,

1,91 g.

.

1,91 g, 1,69 g, 0,95 g.


п о ек 1.26 1.24 1 1.69 1.37 0.95 1.91

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

М кл (g)

d

a

12: (LSD 0.05=0.955; LSD 0.01=0.2741;

, ђ )

11: d.f. s.s. s.s.% m.s. F

2

6

12

0,1436

2,1534

0,2898

5,4

83,24

11,20

0,718

0,3589

0,242

2,873

14,860**

20 2,5868 100

d.f. – , s.s. – , s.s.% – %, Ц.s. – ;

4.4.3

,

( , 1978). V

38


( 12), ђ

, ,

( ,

2002). ,

,

.

12: , 1982

Е

I

II

,

III .

IV

V

VI

VII

VIII IБ Б БI БII


п о ек 29 29 24 34 29 19 43

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

ој по кл у

c c ccd d

13: (LSD 0.05=2,8238; LЋD 0.01=3,9590, О , ђ

)

39


13:


2

6

12

3,0442

1275,9482

60,4577

0,23

95,25

4,52

1,5221

212,6580

5,0381

1,208

51,503**

20 1339,4502 100

d. f.– , s. s.– , s. s. % – %, Ц. s.– ;

,

. ђ

,

,

34, 19.

®, (1986)

,

.

.

,

.

4.4.4 ( )

,

. , ,

, , ђ .

14 F-

( 0,01).

1,49 g,

.

ђ

ђ .

40



п о ек 0.8 0.95 0.802 1.371 0.839 0.699 1.49

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

b

14: (LSD 0.05=0,1290; LЋD 0.01=0,1809;

, ђ )

14:

d. f. – , s. s. – , s. s. % – %, Ц.s. – ;

4.4.5 1000

1000 -40 36-42 g (

1), .

1000 38 g ( 15).

1000 41 g.


2

6

12

0,1708

1,6823

0,9270

6,09

60,51

33,34

0,0854

0,2804

0,772

1,106

3,630*

20 2,7801 100

41



п о ек 33 34 28 38 34 30 41

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

М

abbbbc

cc

15: 1000 (LSD 0.05=1,7413; LSD 0.01=2,4414, , ђ

)

15: 1000


2

6

12

22,3340

364,0918

22,9902

0.09

57.61

42.30

11,1670

60,6820

1,9159

5,829*

31,674**

20 409,4160 100

d.f. – , s. s. – , s. s. % – %, Ц. s. – ;

(2000), 1000

, .

1000

, ђ .

4.4.6

,

, .

,

( - . 2001).

ђ

42


: , ,

, . ђ

ђ ,

( ., 2008).

.

, 12 15% (

., 2012). , ђ 9 13

%.


п о ек 3.61 3.72 2.98 4.38 3.9 2.21 8.25

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

о

bbccc

dd

16: t/ha ( ђ LЋD 0.05=0,3590; LЋD 0.01=0,5034;

, ђ )

16: t/СК


2

6

12

0,0161

67,8209

0,4889

0.23

97.0

2.77

0.0081

11,3035

0,0407

0.198

277,556**

20 68,3257 100

d.f. – , s. s. – , s. s. % – %, Ц. s. – ;

2,21 t/СК,

4,35 t/ha, 2013/2014.

43


. . (2008) ђ

1000 .

®-

ђ

,

,

.

(1986)

10 20 %,

, 400-600 ФР/СК, ђ

2,98 t/С .

-40 9

t/ha . -40 8,25 t/ha,

.

44


5.

:

422. .

ђ ђ

(F=55,177**).

0,95 Р 1,69 Р ,

1,91 Р.

ђ ,

.

,

,

, 34 ,

19.

.

1,39 g,

.

ђ ђ

ђ

.

ђ ђ

1000 .

32 Р, 38 g.

1000 41g.

ђ

.

2,21 t/СК,

4,35 t/СК, 2013/2014.

45


.

®- ђ

.

8,25 t/ha.

, ®-

. ђ

,

.

, ђ

.

, ,

.

ђ

,

ђ .

ђ ,

.

46


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