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BMM Beheerseenheid Mathematisch Model van de Noordzee

De BMM is het departement "Beheer van het mariene ecosysteem" van het Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen. Programmatorische Federale Overheidsdienst Wetenschapsbeleid.

BELGICA 2008 - Campaign 200/12

Applicant : Prof. Dr. L. Chou Institution : ULB - Océanographie Chimique et Géochimie des Eaux

Campus de la Plain, cp 208 Boulevard du Triomphe 1050 Brussel

1st Scientist : Prof. Dr. L. Chou 2nd Scientist : Dr. A. Borges Telephone : +32(0)650 52 37

+32(0)4 Fax : 02/650 52 28 E-mail : [email protected]

[email protected] Program identification

: 07-08 : ULB et al - Chou

1. General Form Belgica 2. List of participants 3. Objectives of the campaign 4. Area of investigation and sampling stations 5. Suggested work schedule 6. Occupation of the laboratories 7. Use of the infrastructure on board 8. Sampling programme 9. Automatic Data Acquisition 10. List of embarked chemicals Annex 1. Belgica BG08/12 Proposed Cruise Programme.

Annex 2. List of chemicals.

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CAMPAIGN 2008/12 1. General campaign form BELGICA 2008

1. Cruise N° 2008/12

2. Departure/Arrival Leg 1 Departure from Zeebrugge Arrival in Cork Port of Call Leg 2 Departure from Cork Arrival in Brest

Date Hour (LT) 05/05/08: 17H 15/05/08: 12H 16-17/05/08 18/05/08: 08H 24/05/08: 15H

3. Chief scientist Participating institutions

Lei CHOU (ULB) ULB, Ulg, UGent, AWI, UBord, IfM-GEOMAR, MUMM

4. Area of investigation

DIPCLEAR necessary ?

Northern Gulf of Biscay continental shelf and slope Yes, requested by MUMM dd. 14/12/07 for U.K., France and Ireland.

5. Scientific Personnel 04 - 15/05/07 : 15 18 - 24/05/07 : 14

6. Intervention ?

- Navy divers - Navy medical assistance - Pilots

No Yes Needed for entering and exiting the harbour of Cork and Brest.

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7. Infrastructure needed on the quay or aboard for the embarkation or disembarkation of equipment ?

1. Embarkment 05/05/2008 : 09h00 - 16h00 External crane & ship’s crane External crane may not be needed if the two containers are already on board. Main equipments to be embarked at Zeebrugge : Seabird STD systems including PAR and carousel water sampler, Box Corers including the spare one, Multicorer, Laboratory Container & Dormitory Container, in addition to laboratory equipments 2. Disembarkment 25/05/2008: morning Ship crane: disembarkment of equipments in Brest if any

8. Logistic assistance MUMM ? SCTD, data acquisition (ODAS) or else

Yes, two MUMM participants will be on board during each leg.

9. Remarks :

On Monday 5 May, the equipments for the BG08/13 cruise will be loaded first at 09H. BG08/12 cruise will start loading the equipments at 11H.

On the day of the departure from Zeebrugge, all scientific personnel should be on board by 16H00.

Before the cruise, all labs including the fish lab should be cleared. Laboratory incubators,refrigerator and freezer should be emptied. The scientists from the previous cruise are requestedto clean their laboratories before leaving the ship.

The fish lab freezer and refrigerator should also be emptied to allow for storage of theconsiderable amount of samples to be taken and to be kept frozen or at 4°C during the cruise and the storage of recipients respectively.

Please make sure that there are spare cartridges on board for the Millipore reverse osmosis and Milli-Q water purification system (c/o MUMMOST).

After the present cruise, part of the scientific equipments will be loaded into the laboratory container to be transported back to Zeebrugge before the next cruise starts. The remaining equipments will stay on board in the cargo bay and the samples will be kept in the freezer and/or refrigerator in the fish lab. They will be recovered when the Belgica returns to Zeebrugge after the cruise n° 13.

Chief Scientist : Lei CHOU

Date & signature : 17 April 2008 update 22 April 2008 and 25 April 2008

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General remarks c/o MUMM - Measurement Service Oostende : i)All scientists involved in deck operations are to wear appropriate safety clothing such as safety shoes/boots, gloves etc.. Only safety helmets are available on board. ii)Please note that scientists are invited to bring their own GSM. The Belgica GSM shall be made available only in exceptional circumstances such as communications related to operational aspects of the ongoing cruise (e.g. calls to MUMM concerning ODAS) and in case of an emergency. iii)All participants are requested to settle their accounts aboard in Euro (small bills please). Checks are no longer accepted, and neither credit cards nor proton facilities are available. iv)Following governmental regulations, as from January 1st 2006 smoking inside the ship is entirely prohibited. Please refer to the information posted on the message board inside the ship for the dedicated smoking areas on the outer decks.

Approval MUMM: André Pollentier,Ing - Advisor

Co-ordinator R/V Belgica

Date & signature 28 April 2008

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2. LIST OF PARTICIPANTS

Leg 1 Leg 2 05/05-15/05/2008 18/05-24/05/2008

Names Institution

email-account aboard Cabin email-account aboard CabinCHOU Lei ULB [email protected] x 1-2 [email protected] x 1-2 DE BODT Caroline ULB [email protected] x 1-2 [email protected] x 1-2 HARLAY Jérôme ULB [email protected] x C [email protected] x C LECOCQ Thomas * ULB [email protected] x C BORGES Alberto Ulg [email protected] x 7-8 [email protected] x 7-8 COMMARIEU Marc-Vincent * Ulg [email protected] x C [email protected] x 7-8 SUYKENS Kim Ulg [email protected] x 5-6 [email protected] x 5-6 SABBE Koen * UGent [email protected] x 7-8 DE BOCK Dries * UGent [email protected] x C

SOUFFREAU Caroline * UGent [email protected] x 5-6 VANELSLANDER Bart * UGent [email protected] x C BORCHARD Corinna * AWI [email protected] x 9-10 [email protected] x 9-10 Händel Nicole * AWI [email protected] x 9-10 [email protected] x 9-10 DERRIENNIC Hervé * Ubord [email protected] x C [email protected] x C LANGENBACHER Julia * IfM-Geomar [email protected] x 5-6 BACKERS Joan MUMM-Ost [email protected] x 3-4 [email protected] x 3-4 DE BLAUWE Jean-Pierre MUMM-Ost [email protected] x 3-4 DE SCHEPPER Gregory MUMM-OST [email protected] x 3-4

DEASY John*, § GSI x 1st Officer

TOTAL aboard : 15 14

*Permission for embarkation has been requested for these persons. § Irish observer ULB Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, BE ULg Université de Liège, Liège, BE UGent Universiteit Gent, Gent, BE AWI Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, DE UBord Université Bordeaux 1, Talence, FR IfM-GEOMAR Leibniz-Institut für Meereswissenschaften an der Universität Kiel, Kiel, DE MUMM Ost Management Unit of the North Sea Mathematical Models, Ostend, BE GSI Geological Survey of Ireland, Dublin, IE The Remote Sensing Data Analysis Service, Plymouth Marine Laboratory (Plymouth, UK) will provide remote sensing support via e-mail during the entire cruise.

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3. OBJECTIVES OF THE CAMPAIGN Project : Role of pelagic calcification and export of carbonate production in climate change (PEACE – Phase 2) (ULB-ULg-UGent-AWI, Coordinator : L. Chou), funded by the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office. The overall objective of the PEACE project is to evaluate the role in climate regulation of calcification, primary production and export processes during coccolithophorid blooms. We will use a transdisciplinary approach that combines process-oriented field investigations with laboratory experiments and modelling tools. Specific objectives are 1) to study the net ecosystem dynamics during coccolithophorid blooms, 2) to unravel the link between the bacterial community, grazing, transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) dynamics, carbon export and dimethyl sulphide (DMS) cycling during coccolithophorid blooms, 3) to assess the effects of ocean acidification on coccolithophorid metabolism and TEP production, and 4) to model coccolithophorid dynamics and their impact on ocean dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) chemistry. (Project Internet Site: http://www.ulg.ac.be/oceanbio/co2/peace/) 4. AREA OF INVESTIGATION AND SAMPLING STATIONS Northern Gulf of Biscay on the continental shelf and slope region. See Table 1 and Figure 1 in Annex 1 for the locations of sampling stations. 5. SUGGESTED WORKSCHEDULE A tentative cruise schedule (Tables 2 & 3) and work programme is proposed in Annex 1. 6. OCCUPATION OF THE LABORATORIES Wet Lab (A) : Underway Temperature, Salinity, Fluorescence, Milli-Q, Large volume

filtration (MUMM Ostend, UBord, IfM-GEOMAR) Chemistry (B) : AWI, UGent Microbiology (C) : ULB Biology (D) : ULg, UBord (fume hood) Fishlab (E) : Incubators (ULB, AWI, ULg) Lab Container : ULB, AWI (Radiotracer work)

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7. USE OF THE INFRASTRUCTURE ON BOARD • External crane, ship's crane (See also Point 1.7.1)

• Laboratory container for radio-tracer work

• Dormitory container for 4 persons Main winches and A-frame for: • NIOZ box corer, spare box corer if available and spare boxes to embark as well (MUMM) Oceanographic winches for: • Seabird SBE09 STD system and carousel water sampler including 12 Niskin bottles plus spare

ones (MUMM) Seabird SBE19 (deep water version) STD system including PAR to embark in case a failure of

the system SBE 09 occurs (MUMM) Spare Niskin bottles to be embarked as well (MUMM)

• 30-liter Niskin and spare bottles (MUMM)

• Plankton net (UGent)

• Boxcorer (MUMM)

• Multicorer (VLIZ)

• Non toxic water supply for: Turner fluorometer (MUMM) Seabird thermo-salinometer (MUMM) Centrifuge unit (Belgica) Light incubators to be installed in the fish lab (ULB)

• Friedrichs meteo-system including solarimeter (Belgica)

• Wetlab -freezer, -refrigerator (to be emptied and cleaned at start of cruise)

• Millipore reverse osmosis system with spare cartridges (MUMM)

• Milli-Q system with spare cartridges (MUMM)

• Laminar flow hoods (clean and with valid certificate)

• Fume hood (operational)

• ODAS system to store all underway parameters (ship’s track, temperature, flurorescence, meteorological parameters, water temperature and salinity, etc…) including data distribution on laboratory video monitors

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8. SAMPLING PROGRAMME Underway measurements

MUMM Temperature, salinity, fluorescence; will also take salinity samples regularly for calibrating the thermo-salinometer.

ULg pH, pCO2

ULB will take chlorophyll a samples regularly for calibrating the Turner fluorometer.

Water Column

MUMM Discrete salinity samples to be taken for calibration purposes

ULB Physico-chemical parameters SPM (suspended particulate matter), TEP (Transparent Exopolymer Particles) concentration, nutrients (NO3/NO2, Si, PO4), DOC, POC, chlorophyll a, etc.

Composition of suspended matter Suspended matter in surface waters (continuous centrifugation) Dissolved esterase activity Primary production & inorganic carbon production by 14C incorporations Bacterial production by 3H

ULg Dissolved O2

Inorganic carbon chemistry (pH, alkalinity) Respiration

UGent Identification of phytoplankton & zooplankton HPLC pigment Micro-zooplankton grazing Molecular biology work: DGGE

AWI TEP and polysaccharide measurements Flow cytometry Study of the effects of acidification on phytoplankton exudation and TEP production UBord Particle residence time (234Th) IfM-GEOMAR Collection of planktonic foraminifera Sediments

ULB Composition of surface sediments ULg Respiration of organic matter & dissolution of calcium carbonate in the

sedimentary column Incubation experiments of sediment cores

UBord 234Th activity

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9. AUTOMATIC DATA ACQUISITION ODAS: position, ship heading, ship speed, water depth, wind speed and direction, atmospheric pressure, PAR, salinity, temperature, fluorescence (printout on station and digital data underway). 10. LIST OF EMBARKED CHEMICALS See Annex 2. ANNEXES Annex 1. Belgica BG08/12 Proposed Cruise Programme.

Annex 2. List of chemicals.

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Annex 1. Belgica BG08/12 Proposed Cruise Programme

Good weather cruising speed is assumed to be at least 11 knots. However, to be on the safe side and allowing for spare time the calculations are made with 10 knots. The positions of the stations are listed in Table 1. The estimated times of arrival and departure for each station are given in Table 2 for Leg 1 and in Table 3 for Leg 2 respectively. Figure 1 presents an overview of the sampling stations. Sediment samples (boxcores) will be taken at locations where process studies are performed. • The following programme may be subject to modifications depending on the timing, on the

weather conditions, and in particular on the remote sensing data to be transmitted to the ship from PML during the cruise.

• Underway pCO2 measurement will begin in the Channel. • Centrifugation is run whenever possible. • Production cast is to be taken at dawn if possible. • Light penetration profiles should be taken (at approximately 10h, 14h and 19h) at stations

where production measurements are made, if relevant. During these measurements, the bridge will be informed whether to reposition the ship so that the SeaCAT light profiler is not in the shadow of the ship. It is necessary to hold the ship in position when the light measurements are taken.

• Additional CTD casts, plankton nets and boxcoring will be performed if necessary. LEG 1 Departure from Zeebrugge on Monday 5 May 2008 at 17H. Zeebrugge Station 1

Underway classical measurements (Temperature, Salinity, Fluorescence, pCO2, Centrifugation, etc.). 7 MAY Station 1 (Shakedown station)

One CTD cast for parameters. One plankton net. Additional CTD casts and plankton nets can be taken if necessary. Collection of planktonic foraminifera using non-toxic water supply. PAR profile.

Station 1 Station 3

Underway classical measurements (Temperature, Salinity, Fluorescence, pCO2, Centrifugation, etc.). Station 3 (CTD + water samples)

One CTD cast for parameters. Additional CTD casts and plankton nets can be taken if necessary. Collection of planktonic foraminifera using non-toxic water supply.

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8 MAY Station 3 Station 2

Underway classical measurements (Temperature, Salinity, Fluorescence, pCO2, Centrifugation, etc.). Station 2 (Process studies)

One CTD cast for production and respiration measurements. One CTD cast for parameters. One CTD cast for radionuclide measurements. One plankton net. Additional CTD casts and plankton nets can be taken if necessary. Collection of planktonic foraminifera using non-toxic water supply. Boxcore. PAR profile. Centrifugation.

Station 2 Station 7

Underway classical measurements (Temperature, Salinity, Fluorescence, pCO2, Centrifugation, etc.). 9 MAY Station 7 (Reduced Processes studies)

One shallow CTD cast (<200m) for production and respiration measurements. One shallow CTD cast (<200m) for parameters. One deep CTD cast (>200m) for parameters. One CTD cast for radionuclide measurements if needed. One plankton net. Additional CTD casts and plankton nets can be taken if necessary. Collection of planktonic foraminifera using non-toxic water supply. PAR profile. Centrifugation. Boxcore if desired.

Station 7 Station 6

Underway classical measurements (Temperature, Salinity, Fluorescence, pCO2, Centrifugation, etc.). Station 6 (CTD + water samples)

One CTD cast for parameters. Additional CTD casts and plankton nets can be taken if necessary. Collection of planktonic foraminifera using non-toxic water supply.

Station 6 Station 5 Underway classical measurements (Temperature, Salinity, Fluorescence, pCO2, Centrifugation, etc.).

10 MAY Station 5 (Process studies)

One CTD cast for production and respiration measurements. One CTD cast for parameters. One CTD cast for radionuclide measurements. One plankton net. Additional CTD casts and plankton nets can be taken if necessary. Collection of planktonic foraminifera using non-toxic water supply. PAR profile. Centrifugation. Boxcore.

Station 5 Station 8

Underway classical measurements (Temperature, Salinity, Fluorescence, pCO2, Centrifugation, etc.).

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Station 8 Station 9 Underway classical measurements (Temperature, Salinity, Fluorescence, pCO2, Centrifugation, etc.).



13 MAY Station 9 Station 10

Underway classical measurements (Temperature, Salinity, Fluorescence, pCO2, Centrifugation, etc.). Station 10 (Process studies)


Station 10 Station 11

Underway classical measurements (Temperature, Salinity, Fluorescence, pCO2, Centrifugation, etc.).

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15 MAY Station 11 Cork Arrival in Cork on Thursday 15 May 2008 @ ~12H local time. LEG 2 Departure from Cork on Sunday 18 May 2008 at 8H local time. Cork Station 9bis

Underway classical measurements (Temperature, Salinity, Fluorescence, pCO2, Centrifugation, etc.). 19 MAY Station 9bis (Process studies)

One CTD cast for production and respiration measurements. One CTD cast for parameters. One CTD cast for radionuclide measurements. One plankton net. Additional CTD casts and plankton nets can be taken if necessary. PAR profile. Centrifugation. Boxcore.

Station 9bis Station 8bis

Underway classical measurements (Temperature, Salinity, Fluorescence, pCO2, Centrifugation, etc.). 20 MAY Station 8bis (Process studies)


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21 MAY Station 8bis Station 5bis

Underway classical measurements (Temperature, Salinity, Fluorescence, pCO2, Centrifugation, etc.). Station 5bis (Process studies)


22 MAY Station 5bis Station 2bis

Underway classical measurements (Temperature, Salinity, Fluorescence, pCO2, Centrifugation, etc.). Station 2bis (Process studies)


23 MAY Station 2bis Station 4

Underway classical measurements (Temperature, Salinity, Fluorescence, pCO2, Centrifugation, etc.). Station 4 (Reduced Processes studies)

One shallow CTD cast (<200m) for production and respiration measurements. One shallow CTD cast (<200m) for parameters. One deep CTD cast (>200m) for parameters. One CTD cast for radionuclide measurements if needed. One plankton net. Additional CTD casts and plankton nets can be taken if necessary. PAR profile. Centrifugation. Boxcore if desired.

24 MAY Station 4 Brest

Underway classical measurements (Temperature, Salinity, Fluorescence, pCO2, Centrifugation, etc.). Arrival in Brest on Saturday 24 MAY 2008 @ ~15H local time. Disembarkment starts on Sunday 25 MAY 2008 in the morning.

Most scientific personnel of cruise n° 12 will leave the ship in the afternoon also on MAY 25th.

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Table 1 Sampling position for water column studies.

Station Latitude Longitude Approx.

water depths (m)

Remarks 1 48°30.0’N 6°00.0’W 150 Shake-down station

2 47°48.0’N 6°54.0’W 160 Process studies

3 47°32.0’N 7°10.0’W 600 CTD + Water Samples

4 47°25.0’N 7°16.0’W 1600 Reduced process studies*


6 47°54.0’N 7°54.0’W 500 CTD + Water Samples

7 47°41.0’N 8°12.5’W 1400 Reduced process studies*





*Mainly primary production and/or respiration of pelagic water samples will be measured.

Table 2. Estimated time of arrival (ETA) and departure (ETD) for each station during Leg 1.

Station Latitude Longitude ETA ETD (hh:mm)

Station Time Zeebrugge 05/05/2008 17:00

1 48°30.0’N 6°00.0’W 07/05/2008 10:00 07/05/2008 13:00 03:00 3 47°32.0’N 7°10.0’W 07/05/2008 20:30 08/05/2008 00:30 04:00 2 47°48.0’N 6°54.0’W 08/05/2008 02:20 08/05/2008 23:20 21:00 7 47°41.0’N 8°12.5’W 09/05/2008 05:00 09/05/2008 17:00 12:00 6 47°54.0’N 7°54.0’W 09/05/2008 18:50 09/05/2008 23:00 04:10 5 48°12.0’N 7°36.0’W 10/05/2008 01:15 10/05/2008 22:00 20:45 8 48°30.0’N 8°30.0’W 11/05/2008 02:10 11/05/2008 23:00 20:50 9 49°12.0’N 9°30.0’W 12/05/2008 05:00 13/05/2008 00:00 19:00

10 49°30.0’N 10°30.0’W 13/05/2008 04:30 13/05/2008 23:30 19:00 11 50°30.0’N 10°30.0’W 14/05/2008 05:30 15/05/2008 00:00 18:30

Cork 15/05/2008 12:00

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Table 3. Estimated time of arrival (ETA) and departure (ETD) for each station during Leg 2.

Station Latitude Longitude ETA ETD (hh:mm)

Station Time Cork 18/05/2007 08:00

9 49°12.0’N 9°30.0’W 19/05/2007 00:10 19/05/2007 22:00 21:50 8 48°30.0’N 8°30.0’W 20/05/2007 03:40 21/05/2007 02:00 22:20 5 48°12.0’N 7°36.0’W 21/05/2007 06:10 22/05/2007 03:00 20:50 2 47°48.0’N 6°54.0’W 22/05/2007 06:45 23/05/2007 03:00 20:15 4 47°25.0’N 7°16.0’W 23/05/2007 05:40 24/05/2007 00:00 18:20

Brest 24/05/2007 15:00

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BELGICA BG2008/12 CRUISE

CTD + Water SamplesProcess-studies stations including CTD & water samples

Reduced process-studies stations including CTD & water samples

-14° -13° -12° -11° -10° -9° -8° -7° -6° -5° -4° -3° -2° -1° 0° 1° 2° 3° 4° 5°

Longitude

46°N

47°N

48°N

49°N

50°N

51°N

52°NLa

titud

e

47

2

58

910

11

3

6

1

Oostende

LondonBristol

Plymouth

Le Havre

Brest

Lorient

Nantes

Cork

La Chapelle Bank

Meriadzek Terrace

Leg 1: All stations except for station 4. Leg 2: Stations 2, 4, 5, 8 & 9. Stations 2, 5, 8 & 9 will be visited during both legs.

Figure 1. Overview of the sampling stations.

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Annex 2 – Belgica BG08/12 List of Chemicals ULB Lab 14C Radioactive, beta emitter 5 mCi Container 3H Radioactive, beta emitter 1 mCi Container Sodium azide toxic 100 ml Microbiology NaOH Corrosive, harmful pellets Microbiology NaOH 0.1 N Corrosive, harmful 1 L Microbiology Alcianblue Toxic if ingested 50 ml Fridge Wet lab 40 mM Mercury chloride toxic Microbiology TRIS and EDTA buffer Not toxic Microbiology ammonium molybdate Toxic if ingested 1 L Microbiology conc. H2SO4 Corrosive, harmful 1 L Microbiology K-Sb tartrate Harmful Microbiology Ascorbic acid Not toxic Microbiology Oxalic acid Not toxic Microbiology Conc. HCl Corrosive, harmful 1 L Microbiology H3PO4 20% Corrosive, harmful 1 L Microbiology Ethanol Flammable 1 L Microbiology Fluorescein diacetate avoid contact with eyes and skin Microbiology Fluorescein avoid contact with eyes and skin Microbiology Ammonium formate irritating if swallowed and inhaled Microbiology Ammonium bicarbonate violent reaction with acids, irritant Microbiology N2 gas cyclinder 1 Microbiology ULg

Lab H2SO4 Corrosive, harmful 1 L Biology HCl 0.1N Corrosive, harmful 4 x 1L Biology MnSO4 harmful Biology KI + KOH Corrosive, harmful 1 L Biology NaI harmful 1 L Biology Thiosulfate harmful 4 L Biology Gas cylinders (CO2 and N2 mix, and pure N2) Biology

UGent Lab immersion oil for microscopy harmful Chemistry DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) harmful Chemistry Formaldehyde solution 35% Toxic Chemistry Alkaline Lugol's solution harmful Chemistry Sodium thiosulfate solution harmful Chemistry Sodium tetraborate harmful Chemistry HCL 1N Corrosive Chemistry Ethanol 90% Flammable Chemistry TES buffer (0.75 M sucrose, 40 mM EDTA, 50 mM Tris [pH 8.3]) Chemistry

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AWI Lab 1 x 1L PE-bottle Ethanol flammable Chemistry 1 x 0,75 L PE-bottle Formaldehyde (37%) Toxic, corrosive, carcinogenic Chemistry 1 x 250mL PE-bottle Glutardialdehyde solution Toxic, corrosive, carcinogenic Chemistry 1 x 1 L PE-Canister HCl (10%) corrosive, harmful Chemistry 1 x 400 mL immersion oil Chemistry 1 x 200mL glas-bottle 1M HCl corrosive, harmful Chemistry 1 x 200mL glas-bottle 1M NaOH corrosive, harmful Chemistry 1 x 100 mL PE-bottle H3PO4 (85%) corrosive, harmful Chemistry 415 tubes filled with 60mL Glutardialdehyde solution Chemistry

ph - buffer 4,0; 6,8; 9,1 ;3M KCl Chemistry 1 x 400 mL glas-bottle acetic acid corrosive, harmful Chemistry 1 500 mL Alcian Blue Toxic if ingested Chemistry 14C, 5 mCi container UBord Lab 234Th Container NH3 Corrosive, harmful biology

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