Bab 2 Proses Kt

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PROCESS

ACTION

(bertindak)

OBSERVATION(memerhati)REFLECTION

(refleksi)

PLANNING

(merancang)


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MEREFLEK

ANALISIS DATATINJAUAN AWAL

BERTINDAK

GELUNG 1

GELUNG 2

TINJAUAN AWAL:KUMPUL DATA

MERANCANGTINDAKAN

PENILAIAN:KUMPUL DATA

ANALISIS DATAPENILAIAN

`

MEMERHATI
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Menilai kekuatan dan kelemahan

sendiri: INSTRUMENIsu dikenalpasti melalui: Diri sendiri,Murid,Kemahiran,Persekitaran,Isi

kandungan,Bahan pengajaran,Komunikasi,Disiplin ,P & P

Proses 1: REFLEKSI

sebelum & selepas kajian


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INSTRUMEN

( Kumpul & Analisis DATA

PemerhatianSoal selidik

Temu bual

Ujian/latihan/

dokumen

Rakaman video/CD


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Proses 2: MERANCANG

Merancang tindakan/ intervensi

bagi mengatasi masalah yangdifokuskan.

( )


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(a) Fokus Kajian

Pernyataan foku s kaj ian perlu memberikan

deskr ips i r ingkas tentang masalah yang ingin

dikaj i dan tindakan intervensi yang dicadangkan

Mengenal pasti fokus masalah yang

menjadi keprihatinan

Menentukan fokus kajian

Fokus kajian penting untuk membuat

perancangan tindakan seterusnya

Hasil analisis data tinjauan awal, sepatutnyamemberi gambaran jelas tentang masalah

sebenar (fokus) yang ingin dikaji


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(b) Objektif Kajian

(Umum & Khusus)

berkaitan dengan masalah aktiviti,

tindakan dalam p&p dan boleh diukur.

objektif khusus hendaklah diukur semasa

menjalankan tindakan atau aktiviti.


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(c ) Cadangan Tindakan/Aktiviti

Tentukan jenis rancangan tindakan intervensi,

Memastikan matlamat tindakan intervensiselaras dengan objektif kajian.

Menentukan aktiviti-aktiviti intervensi dan

tempoh pelaksanaan bagi setiap aktiviti.

Mengenal pasti tugas, aktiviti serta bahan-

bahan baru yang diperlukan


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Proses 3: BERTINDAK

Melaksanakan tindakan bagi mengatasi

isu/masalah yang menjadi fokus.

Dalam peringkat melaksanakan tindakan,guru akan melaksanakan aktiviti-aktiviti

intervensi mengikut ketetapan rancangan

tindakan.


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Memerhati dan mencatatkan reaksi dan

perubahan tingkah laku anda dan

kumpulan sasaran anda.

Catatkan maklumat-maklumat di luar

jangkaan, kekangan dan halangan yang

dihadapi.


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Proses 4: MEMERHATI(Kumpu l & Anal is is Data selepas Kaj ian)

Mengumpul dan menganalisis data bagi

menilai keberkesanan tindakan

tugas guru seterusnya ialah mengutip dan

menganalisis data dapatan untuk menilaikeberkesanan tindakan intervensi.

proses refleksi dilakukan sekali lagi

terhadap keberkesanan tindakan intervensiyang telah diambil dan seterusnya

mencadangkan tindakan susulan.


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DO NOT

TROUBLE

TROUBLE

But

LOOK AtTHE TROUBLE


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Ask the right question

and

Youll get the right answer


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A good research question:-

Gets at explanations, reasons, relationship

Is manageable & can be completed

Is close to your practice

Provides a deeper understanding of thetopic

Meaningful to you


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WRITING AN AR PROPOSAL

PROPOSAL FORMAT

1. Title of AR

2. Research Background3. Research rationale

4. Research questions

5. Research design

6. Data gathering instruments andprocedures

7. Research schedule


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All the Best

Good Luck, RESEARCHERS!


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ALWAYSTELL yourself this:

You have the

POWER to be

a RESEARCHER


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Ponderteacher/principle/head masterS

often leave a markon their students,

but seldom leave a mark

on their profession.(Wolfe, 1989)


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TASK SHEET 1 Rivers & Bridges

Overcome the rivers by the bridgesbuild

E.g.. Strength, weaknesses, treat,


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Making Sense withDATA

Interview

Questionnaire

Observation

checklist Pre & PostTests

Score

Organize

interpretResearch

Findings

Raw Data
http://localhost/var/www/Guest/My%20Documents/DATA.dochttp://localhost/var/www/Guest/My%20Documents/DATA.doc


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Data Analysis in AR by(Miles & Huberman, 1982)

Collecting

Data

ReadingData Selecting

Data

Presenting

Data

Improving Data &Drawing conclusion

FutureResearch Act


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Description Reading data examine data collected

to reflect on related incidents/

experiences. Selecting data

- Filtering to select important factors.

- Classifying data according to category/criteria

- Simplifying complex information


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Cont.

Improving data & drawing conclusion

- Drawing relationships between data- Forming theory/ model for explaining

situation


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Data Analysis What is at issue is the best means to

make sense of the data in ways that

will facilitate the continuing unfoldingof the inquiry, and, second, leads to amaximal understanding of thephenomena being studied.

(Lincoln & Guba, 1985)


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Data Analysis

DA is the process of systematically searchingand arranging the information gathered for

interview, field note, questionnaire and otherinstruments to increase your own

understanding of them and to enable you topresent what you have discovered to others.

Analysis involves working with data,organizing them, breaking them into

manageable units, synthesizing them,searching for patterns, discovering what is

important and what is to be learnt, anddeciding what you will tell others.

(Bogdan & Biklen, 1992)


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Cont. of DA

DAis the process of bringing order,structure and meaning to the massof collected data. It is a ,messy,

time-consuming, creative, andfascinating process. It does notproceed in a linear fashion; it is notneat. Qualitative data analysis is a

search for general statements aboutrelationships among categories ofdata; it builds grounded theory.

- Marshall & Rossman, 1995


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Analyzing data from questionnaire,

observation checklist and test.1. Perform a frequency count (tally count) for

each items in the instruments.

2. Total the frequency (tally) for each other.3. Convert the results into % for item comparison.

4. Identify the items you want to compare.

5. Transfer the results into a table (tabulation).

6. Represent the results graphically

(use Microsoft Excel).


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