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PROCESS
ACTION
(bertindak)
OBSERVATION(memerhati)REFLECTION
(refleksi)
PLANNING
(merancang)
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MEREFLEK
ANALISIS DATATINJAUAN AWAL
BERTINDAK
GELUNG 1
GELUNG 2
TINJAUAN AWAL:KUMPUL DATA
MERANCANGTINDAKAN
PENILAIAN:KUMPUL DATA
ANALISIS DATAPENILAIAN
`
MEMERHATI
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Menilai kekuatan dan kelemahan
sendiri: INSTRUMENIsu dikenalpasti melalui: Diri sendiri,Murid,Kemahiran,Persekitaran,Isi
kandungan,Bahan pengajaran,Komunikasi,Disiplin ,P & P
Proses 1: REFLEKSI
sebelum & selepas kajian
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INSTRUMEN
( Kumpul & Analisis DATA
PemerhatianSoal selidik
Temu bual
Ujian/latihan/
dokumen
Rakaman video/CD
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Proses 2: MERANCANG
Merancang tindakan/ intervensi
bagi mengatasi masalah yangdifokuskan.
( )
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(a) Fokus Kajian
Pernyataan foku s kaj ian perlu memberikan
deskr ips i r ingkas tentang masalah yang ingin
dikaj i dan tindakan intervensi yang dicadangkan
Mengenal pasti fokus masalah yang
menjadi keprihatinan
Menentukan fokus kajian
Fokus kajian penting untuk membuat
perancangan tindakan seterusnya
Hasil analisis data tinjauan awal, sepatutnyamemberi gambaran jelas tentang masalah
sebenar (fokus) yang ingin dikaji
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(b) Objektif Kajian
(Umum & Khusus)
berkaitan dengan masalah aktiviti,
tindakan dalam p&p dan boleh diukur.
objektif khusus hendaklah diukur semasa
menjalankan tindakan atau aktiviti.
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(c ) Cadangan Tindakan/Aktiviti
Tentukan jenis rancangan tindakan intervensi,
Memastikan matlamat tindakan intervensiselaras dengan objektif kajian.
Menentukan aktiviti-aktiviti intervensi dan
tempoh pelaksanaan bagi setiap aktiviti.
Mengenal pasti tugas, aktiviti serta bahan-
bahan baru yang diperlukan
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Proses 3: BERTINDAK
Melaksanakan tindakan bagi mengatasi
isu/masalah yang menjadi fokus.
Dalam peringkat melaksanakan tindakan,guru akan melaksanakan aktiviti-aktiviti
intervensi mengikut ketetapan rancangan
tindakan.
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Memerhati dan mencatatkan reaksi dan
perubahan tingkah laku anda dan
kumpulan sasaran anda.
Catatkan maklumat-maklumat di luar
jangkaan, kekangan dan halangan yang
dihadapi.
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Proses 4: MEMERHATI(Kumpu l & Anal is is Data selepas Kaj ian)
Mengumpul dan menganalisis data bagi
menilai keberkesanan tindakan
tugas guru seterusnya ialah mengutip dan
menganalisis data dapatan untuk menilaikeberkesanan tindakan intervensi.
proses refleksi dilakukan sekali lagi
terhadap keberkesanan tindakan intervensiyang telah diambil dan seterusnya
mencadangkan tindakan susulan.
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DO NOT
TROUBLE
TROUBLE
But
LOOK AtTHE TROUBLE
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Ask the right question
and
Youll get the right answer
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A good research question:-
Gets at explanations, reasons, relationship
Is manageable & can be completed
Is close to your practice
Provides a deeper understanding of thetopic
Meaningful to you
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WRITING AN AR PROPOSAL
PROPOSAL FORMAT
1. Title of AR
2. Research Background3. Research rationale
4. Research questions
5. Research design
6. Data gathering instruments andprocedures
7. Research schedule
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All the Best
Good Luck, RESEARCHERS!
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ALWAYSTELL yourself this:
You have the
POWER to be
a RESEARCHER
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Ponderteacher/principle/head masterS
often leave a markon their students,
but seldom leave a mark
on their profession.(Wolfe, 1989)
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TASK SHEET 1 Rivers & Bridges
Overcome the rivers by the bridgesbuild
E.g.. Strength, weaknesses, treat,
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Making Sense withDATA
Interview
Questionnaire
Observation
checklist Pre & PostTests
Score
Organize
interpretResearch
Findings
Raw Data
http://localhost/var/www/Guest/My%20Documents/DATA.dochttp://localhost/var/www/Guest/My%20Documents/DATA.doc7/27/2019 Bab 2 Proses Kt
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Data Analysis in AR by(Miles & Huberman, 1982)
Collecting
Data
ReadingData Selecting
Data
Presenting
Data
Improving Data &Drawing conclusion
FutureResearch Act
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Description Reading data examine data collected
to reflect on related incidents/
experiences. Selecting data
- Filtering to select important factors.
- Classifying data according to category/criteria
- Simplifying complex information
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Cont.
Improving data & drawing conclusion
- Drawing relationships between data- Forming theory/ model for explaining
situation
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Data Analysis What is at issue is the best means to
make sense of the data in ways that
will facilitate the continuing unfoldingof the inquiry, and, second, leads to amaximal understanding of thephenomena being studied.
(Lincoln & Guba, 1985)
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Data Analysis
DA is the process of systematically searchingand arranging the information gathered for
interview, field note, questionnaire and otherinstruments to increase your own
understanding of them and to enable you topresent what you have discovered to others.
Analysis involves working with data,organizing them, breaking them into
manageable units, synthesizing them,searching for patterns, discovering what is
important and what is to be learnt, anddeciding what you will tell others.
(Bogdan & Biklen, 1992)
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Cont. of DA
DAis the process of bringing order,structure and meaning to the massof collected data. It is a ,messy,
time-consuming, creative, andfascinating process. It does notproceed in a linear fashion; it is notneat. Qualitative data analysis is a
search for general statements aboutrelationships among categories ofdata; it builds grounded theory.
- Marshall & Rossman, 1995
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Analyzing data from questionnaire,
observation checklist and test.1. Perform a frequency count (tally count) for
each items in the instruments.
2. Total the frequency (tally) for each other.3. Convert the results into % for item comparison.
4. Identify the items you want to compare.
5. Transfer the results into a table (tabulation).
6. Represent the results graphically
(use Microsoft Excel).
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