Artikelenreeks Turkse Volksmuziek de Centrale 2011-2012

7/31/2019 Artikelenreeks Turkse Volksmuziek de Centrale 2011-2012

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OWSNFEBEKWEEFX

SUWFXE PDBFXLU]NEF

SNMCXHJWN@S CE HEKSWOBE

79??,79?7

BNXEBDSSE XEBX

NkjducxdyaopeCeeb ?= Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nef= eek xnsuewnka +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 7

Nkbencnka ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 7Jes hdkheys Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nef kocew gefefek +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 7Gwdkkek= +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 5

Ceeb 7= Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nef nk Aeks= eek dpew}nhjs +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 0

Pok Suwfnme koow Aeks+++ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 0Cwne gebokawnmfe bdhosnex pddw Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nef ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nef nk jes ywnpose bepek +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ :Weyewsdnwe +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ >Gwdkkek+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ?9

Ceeb 8= Hoxexsuc~ pok eek lu}nfoks= @of Eceew +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ??

Elnwcoa nk cek pweelce +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ??Pok yn}}o koow yd}ne +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ??@of obx lu}nfoks +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ?7

Ceeb 3= Pdbfxlu}nef nk jecekcooax Suwfnme *pebcdkcew}def. +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ?0

Nkbencnka ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ?0Gexsellnkaek ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ?1

Ceeb 5= Gesefeknxxek ek ùkhsnex *Suwfnme. ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 75Cwne lu}nfobe aegeuwseknxxek ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 75Gesefeknxxek ek ùkhsnex +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 7>

Ceeb 0= Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nef= ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 89gesefeknxxek ek ùkhsnex *Aeks. +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 8?

Jes boosxse owsnfeb" eek kneuq jdd`cxsuf nk jes dkcew}def++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 8?Cwne lu}nfobe aegeuwseknxxek ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 8?Gesefeknxxek ek ùkhsnex +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 88


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Ceeb ?= Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nef= eek xnsuewnka

Nkbencnka

Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nef+ Peeb lekxek fukkek }nhj ew lnxxhjnek qeb nesx gnm pddwxsebbek+ Nesx

dugdbbnax ek eek geesme fkeusewnax" nesx `dbfbdwnxsnxhj" nesx pok jes ybossebokc" les

fdxsuulx ek lnxxhjnek qeb cokxyoxmex+ Loow qebfe xddws lu}nef coow cok gnm jddws4 Cos nx

qoowxhjnmkbnmf ob ldenbnmfew nk se geebcek+ Nx jes }dnesx obx Gobfoklu}nef" d` }du jes leew dy

ce Awnefxe pdbfxlu}nef bnmfek4 D` xsoos jes cnhjsew gnm ce Owognxhje lu}nef" les cne

}qepewnae pewxnewnkaxkddsmex" fboaewnae unsjobek ek koxobe fbokfek4 Nx jes ce lu}nef cne qe

snmcekx jes pewdwgewek pok eek Suwfxe yn}}o jdwek" d` ce lu}nef cne xdlx uns ce

Lewhecexxek d` Bokcwdpewx xhjobs4 Becek pok Ce Hekswobe fukkek }nhj qoowxhjnmkbnmf ob nesx

cuncebnmfewx pddw ce aeexs jobek+++ Loow peeb lekxek }ducek jes ob xkeb dyaepek+ Ohj" qos

jee`s jes obbeloob ddf les dkx se lofek4

Swf jobf l}nn+ Ce hnwho ?5 999 nk Aeks bepekce Suwfek" d` Gebaek les Suwfxe wddsx"

fukkek }nhj ew dklnccebbnmf" jeeb bepekcna ek ywehnex" pokobbex gnm pddwxsebbek+ ]e }nmk ewlee

dyaeawdenc" ek d` cos ku nk Suwfnme d` Geban qox" cos jee`s coow qenkna nkpbdec dy aejoc+ Ob

}nmk }e dkpddwqoowcebnmfe `okx pok Olewnfookxe ydy" aepek }e ce pddwfeuw ook Suwfxe

lesob d` woy" d` }nmk }e pewxsdfse bne`jeggewx pok swocnsndkebe Suwfxe fboxxnefe lu}nef" sdhj

}ob Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nef ddf eek knes se dl}enbek yboosx nk juk bepek nkkelek+ Ek coow

jeggek }e ddf aeek ywdgbeel lee" nk seaekceeb" }e }ubbek cne lu}nef obsnmc qoowcewek dy

joow yboosx ek snmc" ek suxxekcddw ddf fdexsewek ek wexyehsewek+

Qos eek pweelce jducnka kelek cne Pbolnkaek swduqekx ook seaekdpew juk pdbfxlu}nef/

D`qeb }qnmaek }e ew nk obbe sobek dpew" ek obx jes cok sdhj sew xywofe ldes fdlek cdek }e ew

bohjewna d` eek snffebsme gexhjoolc dpew+ D`qeb fukkek }e ew qoowohjsna jebeloob knesx dpew

pewsebbek+++ ek ew }nhj enaekbnmf epek qenkna gnm pddwxsebbek obx gnm Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nef+

Pdbfxcokx+ Fdxsuulx+ Jes gdewekbepek+ Fwolyohjsna pdbaejducek" ae`dxxnbnxeewce swocnsne4

Jes hdkheys Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nef kocew gefefek

Aecuwekce lnmk cdhsdwoosxywdmehs" ek nk ce}e weefx owsnfebx" ao nf dy }def koow eek xhjewyewek seaebnmfewsnmc leew aekuokheewc geebc pok jes geawny Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nef nk jes

obaeleek ek Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nef nk Aeks nk jes gnm}dkcew+ Cos Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nef leew nx

cok ce xolekpdeanka pok ce nkpubbnkaek cne Pbolnkaek ek Suwfek ewook aepek" ek eek peeb

hdlybezewe }oof cok }nhj dy jes eewxse }nhjs boos pewldecek" }ob xkeb cuncebnmf qdwcek+

Nk cns eewxse owsnfeb }ubbek qe ce lnawosnehdksezs *cnoxydwo. kda epek gunsek gexhjduqnka

bosek , seklnkxse sdhj ce nksewkosndkobe lnawosne koow Geban$Pbookcewek+ Ce gnkkekbokcxe

lnawosne gnkkek Suwfnme" gnmpddwgeebc pok jes ybossebokc koow ce xsoc d` pok ce xsoc koow ce

awddsxsoc *poof Nxsokgub" Okfowo d` N}lnw." nx kosuuwbnmf eek lokn`exse weobnsens nk jes

jecekcooaxe bepek pok ce Suwfek+ Lnxxhjnek nx cne lnawosnecwoka dpewnaekx }eb`x eek


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feklewfekce enaekxhjoy pok ce Suwfxe hubsuuw cddwjeek ce snmcek? *@nkcbe~" 7995.+ Cns

aegeuwek pok *gnkkekbokcxe. lnawosne nx dpewnaekx xsewf pewqepek les jes ywdgbeel pok jes

ce`nknwek pok ce Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nef+

Jes geawny pdbfxlu}nef qdwcs swocnsneaeswduq poof pewgdkcek les eek weandkobe" bdfobe

geyoobcjenc" ek sepekx les eek wuwobe hdksezs7+ Jes nx }efew }d cos ce swocnsndkebe

pdbfxlu}nef nk Suwfnme eek awdse weandkobe pownosne feks6 Suwfnme nx eek awdds bokc ek qdwcs

gdpekcnek aefeklewfs cddw awdse fbnlosdbdanxhje ek bokcxhjoyyebnmfe pewxhjnbbek

*job`qdexsnmk px+ ]eefbnloos6 aegewasex" pbofsex ek yboseoux"+++. cne eek nkpbdec jeggek dy

oxyehsek pok jes hubsuwebe bepek+ Ce nkjduc *sjelosnef." pewxhjnmknkaxpdwl ek

ùkhsne$gesefeknx pok jes Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nefweyewsdnwe jokaek poof xolek les ce hdksezs

qoownk jes dksxsoos ek gexsoos+ Ce pdwl ek nkjduc pok swocnsndkebe pdbfxbnecewek ek ,cokxek

nx nkcewcooc poof enaek ook eek geyoobce weand d` pddw eek geyoobc cdwy8+

Unsewoowc nx ce yowocnmxebnmfe xsoos pok eek Suwfnme qoownk ebf cdwyme }nmk enaek

fowofsewnxsnefe bnecewek ek cokxek joc" kouq pewgdkcek les ce xyehn`nefe bepekxqnm}e ek

wehekse d` pddwgnme aegeuwseknxxek dy cne yboosx" obboka aeswokx`dwleewc sds eek Suwfnme cosyewèhs nk jes yboosme pok ldcewknsens" nkcuxswnobnxosne" foynsobnxle" loxxolecno ek ydyubonwe

hubsuuw" abdgobnxosne ek abdhobnxosne3 yoxs+ Ob ce}e dksqnffebnkaek jeggek eek ekdwle

nkpbdec aejoc dy jes qe}ek ek ce loknèxsosnex pok qos qe Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nef kdelek+

Lnawosne nx ew obsnmc aeqeexs ce Suwfek }nmk nllewx jebeloob uns Hekswoob,O}n koow

Okosdbn ek pewcew5 aelnaweewc" ek ddf gnkkek jes awdkcaegnec qoow }e ku bepek" jeggek

}nhj pddwscuwekc lnawosnexswdlek pddwaecook " loow ce sqnksnaxse,eeuqxe hdlgnkosne pok

eek ook}nekbnmfe lnawosne *}dobx ae}eac pddwkolebnmf pokuns wuwobe ek fbenkxsecebnmfe

hdksezsek koow awddsxsecebnmfe lnbneux. les ce jnewgdpek aekdelce feklewfek pok

ldcewknxewnka" jee`s sdhj eek xnsuosne dyaebepewc cne pewxhjnbs pok jes pewbecek+

Ce}e xnsuosne dy }nhj nx dpewnaekx knes uknef pddw Suwfnme= nk ywofsnxhj ce jebe qewebc jeggek}nhj cewaebnmfe dksqnffebnkaek pddwaecook aecuwekce ce sqnksnaxse eeuq+ Knes obbeek nk

Suwfnme }ob ce pdbfxlu}nef }nhj cux uns joow ddwxywdkfebnmfe gndsddy bdxaeloofs jeggek

dl }nhj nk ce sdsoob pewxhjnbbekce ldcobnsensek pok jes awddsxseecxe lnbneu se aook geaepek+

Ek ddf nk okcewe bokcek }ob cos aeyoowc aeaook }nmk les dypobbekce pewokcewnkaek nk

ùkhsne" gesefeknx ek pdwl pok cne lu}nef+ Nk }d adec obx ce jebe qewebc jeggek }nhj

obbewjokce xsnmbpewlekankaek *j~gwncnxosnex. pddwaecook les nkjeelxe" unsjeelxe d`

aeabdgobnxeewce ncndlek+

Qos Suwfnme qb pwnm uknef loofs" }nmk ce gequxse xswoseanek cne xnkcx jes dksxsook pok ce

weyugbnef *?>78. cddw ce xsoos }nmk sdeaeyoxs dl se nksewèwewek les ce xydksoke

dksqnffebnkaek pok ce pdbfxlu}nef+ Ncedbdaek obx ]n~o Afoby *?:10,?>73." cne ce goxnx

pddw jes d``nhnbe weyugbnfenkxe aecohjsekadec pok Ososwf `dwlubeewce" pexsnacek ce ncee

cos ce Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nef ce unscwuffnka qox pok ce ddwxywdkfebnmfe" }unpewe Suwfxe

hubsuuw= ce exxeksnbe" cneyaeqdwsebce hubsuuw cne ce Suwfek pokuns ce Hekswoob,O}nosnxhje

? Ce}e pnxne qewc d+l+ dksqnffebc cddw ûxu` Ofuwo *?:1>,?>85." eek ncedbdda pok jes Yoksuwfnxle" eekaecohjsekadec cos ce kocwuf beas dy ce aeleekxhjoyyebnmfe enaekxhjoyyek pok obbe Suwfnxhje pdbfewek" ek ce}eswohjs se peweknaek+7 ]ne gnmpddwgeebc Gebonep" Gowsdf e+o+8 Aeceebsebnmfe gexhjwnmpnkaek pok ce feklewfek pok ce Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nef uns ce pewxhjnbbekce weandx }nmk nk cebnsewosuuw sewua se pnkcek+3 Ldcneu}e sewl cne cuncs dy jes ookyoxxek pok abdgobe xswoseanek d` ywdcuhsek ook bdfobe bee`qewebcek ekgejde`sek+5 Ce lohjs pok jes Dxlookxe Wnmf xswefse }nhj dy }nmk jddaseyuks uns sds cney nk qos qnm Euwdyo kdelek+ Nk ?0:8qewc Qekek en }d ko dy ce Ddxsekwnmfewx pewdpewc+


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xseyye les }nhj leeaepdewc joccek koow Okosdbn+ Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nef qewc }eew xhjewy

dkcewxhjencek pok ce Suwfxe fboxxnefe lu}nef" cne o`xhjnbcewc qewc obx eek cehocekse

lu}nefxddws cne ekfeb fdk gexsook gnm awosne pok eek Yew}nxhj,Owognxhj *Ddxsewx.

aedwnkseewce ebnse+ Gnkkek ce fewxpewxe xehubnewe weyugbnef Suwfnme" cne }nhj poko` joow

dksxsook wnhjsse dy jes Qexsek" qewc aeek yboosx leew pddw}nek pddw ce fboxxnefe d` fukxs,

lu}nef cne jddasnm joc aepnewc ook jes Dxlookxe jd` *Xsdfex" ?>>76 Cenwlekhn" 7990.+

Ce pewddwcebnka pok ce Suwfxe *Dxlookxe. fboxxnefe lu}nef , cne nkcewcooc geyoobce

enaekxhjoyyek ceebs les ce Nwookxe ek Owognxhje lu}nefywofsnmf ek ,sjedwne" loow l+n+ sdhj

eek pwnm cuncebnmfe enaekjenc ek qoowcepdb fowofsew jee`s , ek ce dyjelebnka pok ce xynwns ek

lokn`exsosnex pok ce wuwobe pdbfxlu}nef" anka aeyoowc les eek cewce xswoseane" kolebnmf jes

xswepek koow eek xddws x~ksjexe pok jes Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nefweyewsdnwe les jes x~xseel pok

ce Qexsewxe *fboxxnefe. lu}nef+

Jes nx cns xswepek cos ce enaekjenc pok ce Suwfxe xnsuosne s+o+p+ ce pdbfxlu}nef geyoobc

jee`s+ Awddsxhjobnae ezyecnsnex qewcek cddw d``nhnbe nkxsebbnkaek obx ce kneuq dyaewnhjse

hdkxewposdwno pok Okfowo ek Nxsokgub ek ce Suwfxe wocnd ek bosew sebepnxne *SWS. dkcewkdlekdl ce pdbfxbnecewek ek cokxek cne unsaepdewc qewcek nk cdwyek pok obbe unsjdefek pok

Okosdbn dy se kelek ek keew se xhjwnmpek+ Ce kdsosne aegeuwce les eek xyehnoob ook ce

Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nef ookaeyoxse pownoks pok jes Qexsewxe kdsosnex~xseel0+ Jes pew}olebce

weyewsdnwe qewc kouqfeuwna aekpeksownxeewc ek aehoseadwnxeewc" ek pewxywenc ek

gexhjnfgoow aeloofs pno yugbnhosne+ Jes cnekce obx goxnx pddw kneuqe qewfek aexhjwepek

cddw Qexsewx aexhjddbce Suwfxe hdlydknxsek" pddw dkcewqnmx dy pewxhjnbbekce knpeoux nk

pewxhjnbbekce s~yex nkxsebbnkaek" ek pddw eek hdksnkue xswddl pok pdbfxlu}nefunspdewnkaek

dy wocnd ek sebepnxne+

Ce}e xswoseanek ek aegeuwseknxxek jeggek ce Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nef dy }nhj }efew eek adece

cnekxs geqe}ek" cddw joow jes kdcnae *4. wexyehs se gesdkek" joow se gejdecek pddwsebddwaoka ek se geqowek pddw jes koaexbohjs" joow weyewsdnwe nk jeeb jes bokc gefekc se

lofek ek gexhjnfgoow se lofek pddw neceweek" cddw joow sds jes dkcewqewy pok

ohocelnxhje xsucne se ywdldpewek"+++ Loow ce feew}nmce pok ce leconbbe }ob }nhj

dkcewsuxxek qebbnhjs knes ldenbnmf bosek wocek+

Kdsosne gesefeks fwnxsobbnxosne pok eek ldleksdykole nk eek geyoobce poxse pdwl+

Fwnxsobbnxosne }ob ko eek snmcme nkewsne qdwcek+ Jes pwdeaew }d bepekce" xseecx pewokcewekce

pdbfxlu}nefyoswnldknul qewc obx jes qowe sds xsnbxsokc aegwohjs+

Kdsosne les obx cdeb eek kosndkoob pdbfxlu}nefweyewsdnwe xolek se xsebbek" }ob eek

pewpboffnka nk }nhj jducek+ Ew }ob ae}dhjs qdwcek koow aeleekxhjoyyebnmfjecek" ce}e

}ubbek gekocwufs qdwcek ek ob se awdse o`qnmfnkaek }ubbek sewuaaegwohjs qdwcek sds

dpew}nhjsebnmfe ywdydwsnex+ Jes pwdeaew }d cnpewxe ek wnmfe pdbfxlu}nefyoswnldknul qewc sds

eek xddws yok,Suwfxe pdwl sewuaaegwohjs+

Kdsosne nk eek bokc cos cwuf ge}na nx joow kosndkobe nceksnsens o` se gofekek ek }nhj se

ydxnsndkewek nk ce nksewkosndkobe aeleekxhjoy" }ob ob se dypobbekce sefekek pok nceksnsensek

okcewe cok ce Suwfxe qeabosek d` pewxsdyyek+ Bnecmex nk gnmpddwgeebc jes Fdewcnxhj"

Owleekx d` Bo}nxhj1 qdwcek pewsoobc koow jes Suwfx ek nkcnek kdcna qdwcs ce lu}nef

ookaeyoxs ook jes ooksob bessewaweyek *Xsdfex" ?>>76 Cenwlekhn" 7990.+ Pdbfxlu}nef pok

0 Nk cns x~xseel qdwcek ce lnhwdsdkek aekdseewc c+l+p+ hnm`ewx xhjunk gdpek jes pewjdankax, d` pewboankaxsefek" cneookcuncek jdepeeb fdllox ce sddk pewjddac d` pewbooac qdwcs+ (8 nx gp+ jes pewjdaek pok eek sddk les cwnefdllox" g7 jes pewboaek pok eek sddk les sqee fdllox+1 Ce Bo}ek }nmk eek Foufoxnxhj pdbf cos wdkc ce ]qowse ]ee nk Suwfnme ek Aedwan bee`s+


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Suwfnme qewc aewecuheewc sds Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nef= eek cuncebnmf pddwgeebc pok ce lose

qoownk hubsuuw ek ydbnsnef xdlx pewqepek fdkcek }nmk nk Suwfnme+

Ce hdlybeznsens pok jes geawny Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nef geanks qebbnhjs eek geesme se coaek+++ Ek

cok jeggek qe jes kda loow nk awdse bnmkek dpew ekfebe dksqnffebnkaek nk jes pewbecek

aejoc" }dkcew ce weheksewe pnxnex nk Suwfnme ek ce aejeeb enaek hdksezs pok ce cnoxydwo nk

daekxhjduq se kelek+

Ekfebe gebokawnmfe unsqnmcnkaek }ubbek nk eek pdbaekce sefxs ook gdc ldesek fdlek+ Cekfek

qe gnmpddwgeebc ook sjelox obx eek cuncnka pok ce hdkheysek xsecebnmfe px+ wuwobe

pdbfxlu}nef6 ce ncedbdanxhj aesnkse pnxne dl Suwfnxhje pdbfxlu}nef: dkcew se gwekaek gnm

ce Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nef6 ce pwooa qebfe kneuqe lu}nfobe hweosnex sds ce Suwfxe

pdbfxlu}nef aewefekc ldaek qdwcek ek les qebfe owauleksosne6 ce wehekse dksqnffebnka

qoowgnm Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nef ek Suwfxe fukxslu}nef *fboxxnefe lu}nef. eewcew obx ebfoowx

gwdewx ae}nek qdwcek cok obx oyowse aegnecek6 ce ce`nknwnka pok jes geawny pdbfxlu}nfoks

ek ce pwooa koow oloseuwnxle ek ywd`exxndkobnxle nk jes pdbfxlu}nefaegnec6 ce webosnesuxxek ce geawnyyek pdbfxlu}nef ek ydyubonwe lu}nef ek}+

Jes oksqddwc pnkcek" d` bnepew eek oksqddwc }defekdy ob ce}e pwoaek }ob qebbnhjs gunsek

jes gexsef pok ce}e weefx owsnfebx bnaaek" loow fwnmas }efew eek yboosx nk lnmk

cdhsdwoosxdkcew}def+

Gwdkkek=

Gowsf" G+" & Wenkjowc" F+ *?>10.+ Suwfnxj @dbf Luxnh `wdl Oxno Lnkdw+ *G+ Xuhjd``" Wec+.+

Ywnkhesdk Uknpewxns~ Ywexx+Gebonep" P+" & Ywnka" X+ Q+ *?>85.+ Suwfnxj Luxnh+ Sje Luxnhob _uowsewb~" 7?*8." 850,801+

Aewoocybeeac qqq+mxsdw+dwa$yxx$18>955+

Cenwlekhn" F+ *7990.+ Dk sje Yuwxuns d` o Kosndk= Sje Hdkxswuhsndk d` @dbf okc @dbf

Luxnh nk sje @dukcnka Cehocex d` sje Suwfnxj Weyugbnh+ Nksewkosndkob Wepneq d` sje

Oexsjesnhx okc Xdhndbda~ d` Luxnh" 81*?." 31,05+ Aewoocybeeac

qqq+mxsdw+dwa$yxx$89987?:3+

@nkcbe~" H+ P+ *7995.+ Sje Suwfx nk qdwbc jnxsdw~+ Keq ^dwf= Dz`dwc Uknpewxns~ Ywexx+

Xsdfex" L+ *?>>7.+ Sje Owogexf Cegose , Luxnh okc Luxnhnokx nk Ldcewk Suwfe~+ Dz`dwc

Xsucnex nk Xdhnob okc Hubsuwob Oksjwdydbda~+ Dz`dwc= Hbowekcdk Ywexx+

: Jes ocmehsne` Suwfnxhj gesefeks gejdwekc ook jes awdsewe aejeeb pok Suwfxe pdbfewek" knes ekfeb ce Suwfnme,

Suwfek" loow ddf ce pdbfewek cne bepek nk ce Hekswoob,O}nosnxhje Suwfxxywefekce weyugbnefek *Fnwan}n"Suwfleknxsok" Fo}ohjxsok" O}ewgencmok" De}gefnxsok. ek epeksueeb ddf ce Suwfxxywefekce pdbfewek cne }nhj gp+ nk

ce Gobfok gepnkcek+ Jes Yoksuwfnxle *h`w+ Ofuwo" Afoby. xswee`s koow eek peweknanka pok obbe Suwfnxhje pdbfewek+


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Ceeb 7= Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nef nk Aeks= eek dpew}nhjs

Pok Suwfnme koow Aeks+++

Nk jes pdwnae owsnfeb *loows,oywnb 79??. jeg nf aeywdgeewc dl eek aekuokheewc geebc pok

jes geawny Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nef se xhjeyyek" d` sdhj seklnkxse dl ce awdse wnmfcdl ek

hdlybeznsens ewpok se dyekgowek+ Ce `dhux boa coowgnm kda dy Suwfnme ek dy ce dypobbekce

dksqnffebnkaek sek ook}nek pok ce pdbfxlu}nef cne }nhj coow jeggek pddwaecook aecuwekce

ce sqnksnaxse eeuq+ Ce d``nhnbe ossnsuce seaekdpew ek gejokcebnka pok ce pdbfxlu}nef pok

Suwfnme gbefek cneyaookc gekpbdec cddw ce ncedbdane ek ydbnsnef pok ce Suwfxe weyugbnef+

Ce Suwfxe xsoos }dwace pddw ywdldsne ek xseuk" wexubsewekc nk unsaegwence weanxswosne ek

cdhuleksosne *qoowgnm geyoobce loknyubosnex sds xsokcoowcnxewnka ek pewowlnka benccek."

cneye pewxywencnka nk jeeb jes bokc" ek ohocelnxewnka ek nkxsnsusndkobnxewnka ook

hdkxewposdwno ek uknpewxnsensek+ Coowkooxs cecek ce lu}nefnkcuxswne ek ceeksewsonkleksxehsdw juk qewf+ Jes wexubsoos qox eek gdkse lekaebnka pok unspdewnkaxxsnmbek"

aebnkfs ook epek}dpeeb lu}nfobe hdksezsek ek ùkhsnex+ Sewqnmb ce ousjeksnefe unspdewnkaek

ek ddwxywdkfebnmfe *xdhnobe ek webnaneu}e. ùkhsnex kda xbehjsx xydwocnxhj nk wuwobe hdksezsek

pddwsbepek" gbdenek ew nk ce xsecek obbewben pownosnex dy jes sjelo Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nef"

aookce pok Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nef obx ydy sds Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nef obx fboxxnef ek obbex

coowsuxxek+

Ce gnkkekbokcxe lnawosne pok jes ybossebokc koow ce xsoc qewc poko` ce mowek 09 pok ce

sqnksnaxse eeuq ookaepubc les eek awddsxhjobnae lnawosne koow jes gunsekbokc *les kole

koow Cunsxbokc" loow ddf koow @wokfwnmf" Ddxsekwnmf" Kecewbokc" Geban ek okcewe bokcek.*Lokd" 7999.+ Suwfxe qewffwohjsek qewcek unsaekdcnac obx aoxsowgencewx gnkkek jes focew

pok gnbosewobe pewcwoaek suxxek Suwfnme ek ce aoxsbokcek *Geban= ?>03.+ Ce eewxse

lnawosnexswdlek gexsdkcek cux pddwkolebnmf uns mdkae lokkebnmfe qewffwohjsek" bosew

aepdbac cddw juk òlnbnex qokkeew ce ybokkek dl sewua se fewek *pddwbdyna. qewcek

dyaegdwaek+ Ce leexse aoxsowgencewx fqolek sewehjs nk ce lnmkgduq" ce lesoobnkcuxswne

ek ce gduqxehsdw" nk Aeks qowek }e ddf jeeb gebokawnmf nk ce sezsnebknmpewjenc+

Seaekqddwcna qdkek ew dkaepeew ?5 999 lekxek les Suwfxe wddsx nk Aeks" cos qnb }eaaek

0 ywdheks pok ce sdsobe Aeksxe gepdbfnka+ Ce Suwfek lofek gnmko ce jeb`s uns pok jes ooksob

pweelcebnkaek uns nk Aeks *Xsoc Aeks" 799>.+ Lew~el Foklo} xsebs cos ce Suwfek nk Aeks nk

awdse bnmkek o`fdlxsna }nmk uns cwne aegnecek= Elnwco *Hekswoob,OkosdbnV?\." ce ]qowse ]ee,

fuxs ek Ydxd` *Kddwc,Ddxs,Suwfnme. ek Nxsokgub *ddwxywdkfebnmf nllnawoksek uns ce Gobfok.+

Ce}e aeleekxhjoyyek qdkek ddf aehdkheksweewc nk geyoobce Aeksxe guuwsek= pdbaekx

Foklo} qdkek ce lekxek uns Elnwco,O`~dk pddwob wdkc ce Xbeeyxswoos ek nk Becegewa"

sewqnmb ce nllnawoksek uns Kddwc,Ddxs,Suwfnme }nhj pddwkolebnmf nk Xnks,Olokcxgewa

hdkhekswewek ek ce Gwuaxe Yddws pddwob cddw lekxek uns Nxsokgub gepdbfs qdwcs *Foklo}"

7997.+

Ce Suwfxe nkqnmfebnkaek pok ce eewxse aekewosne gwohjsek cexsnmcx ebf eek xsufme pok juk

hubsuweeb ewàdec lee koow Aeks" cos dkcewsuxxek nx cddwaeaepek ook ce sqeece ek cewce


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1

aekewosne" ek pddwscuwekc ookaepubc qdwcs les kneuqe nceek uns ce hubsuwebe lebsnka ydsx

pok Geban ek Suwfnme+

Qos nx ku ce yboosx pok ce Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nef nk jeeb ce}e gnm}dkcewe cnoxydwohdksezs4 Ko

gnmko cwne moow ge}na se }nmk les cns dkcewqewy" jeg nf jes aepdeb kda loow eek snyme pok ce

xbunew se jeggek dyaebnhjs+++ eek xbunew qoowdkcew eek wnmfaepubce ek peebboanae qewebc

pewgdwaek bnas" cne }nhj loow qos awooa }du pddwxsebbek ook eek aeksewexxeewc yugbnef loow

cne mollew aekdea kda poof dkdsadkkek gbnm`s+ Nf jddy les cns ek pdbaekce owsnfebx nk ebf

aepob ce kneuqxanewnajenc qos se fukkek ookqoffewek+++

Cwne gebokawnmfe bdhosnex pddw Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nef

Aeks,hekswul feks eek cwnesob yugbnefe yboosxek cne eek gebokawnmfe gesefeknx jeggek dy

jes pbof pok Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nef+ Cne wdb pewpubbek }e ehjsew dy eek xsewf pewxhjnbbekce

loknew+

Jes awddsxse ek qebbnhjs gefekcxse hekswul nx nksewhubsuweeb hekswul Ce Hekswobe" jdeqeb

jes qoowxhjnmkbnmf knes cddw neceweek les Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nef aeoxxdhneewc }ob qdwcek+ Ce

lnxxne pok Ce Hekswobe nx kolebnmf peeb gwecew cok jes dwaoknxewek pok hdkhewsek" bexxek ek

epekeleksek nk pewgokc les Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nef+ Obbe pdwlek pok qewebclu}nef

swocnsndkeeb" jecekcooax d` ydyubonw fukkek eek yboosx fwnmaek nk ce ywdawollosne+ Ce

qewebclu}nefxhjddb hdkheksweews }nhj kooxs Suwfxe lu}nef *bexxek xo} ek cowgdefo. ddf

dy Owognxhje lu}nef *cowgdefo" gekcnw" wn" dec" okdek. ek dy Euwdyexe pdbfxlu}nef

*pnddb ek ohhdwcedk.+ Ew qdwcek ddf jeeb qos okcewe epekeleksek }dobx seksddkxsebbnkaek"

be}nkaek ek qdwfxjdyx aedwaoknxeewc les eek nksewhubsuweeb snksme+Sdhj pobs knes se dksfekkek cos Suwfxe lu}nef ek coowgnkkek ce pdbfxlu}nef eek

ywdlnkekse yboosx sdegeceebc fwnmas nk Ce Hekswobe+ ]eew weaeblosna pnkcek ew hdkhewsek

yboosx pok *leexsob gefekce. awdeyek uns Suwfnme" poof dyaegduqc wdkc eek hekswobe }okaew

d` }okaewex ek gexsookce uns eek lnz pok Suwfxe *gp+ Suwfxe bunsek" yewhuxxne" `bunsek d`

okcewe gbooxnkxswuleksek esh+. ek qexsewxe nkxswuleksek *gp+ fe~gdowc" x~ksjexn}ew" ansoow"

goxansoow" cwulx esh+.+ Ce Hekswobe xyeebce ce pddwgnme mowek ddf eek pddwsweffewxwdb nk jes

gefekclofek pok ce lu}nfobe wnmfcdl pok jes jecekcooaxe Suwfnme" cddw lncceb pok jes

jnyye Nxsokgub Efxywex @exsnpob" aedwaoknxeewc nk xolekqewfnka les ce Pddwuns+

Loow nf jde` u ce juncnae qewfnka pok Ce Hekswobe qoowxhjnmkbnmf jebeloob knes leew pddw se

xsebbek+++

Eek sqeece yugbnefe wunlse qoow Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nef dy weaeblosnae goxnx ook gdc fdls nx

jes Lu}nfoksekjunx *p}q SkV7\." aepexsnac nk ce Colyddwsxswoos+ Jes Lu}nfoksekjunx"

aewukc cddw Luxso`o Opow uns ce weand O`~dk *cnhjsgnm Elnwco." fok lnxxhjnek kda jes gexs

dlxhjwepek qdwcek obx eek lu}nef, d` hubsuuwho`" loow cok qeb k qoow jeeb

unseekbdyekce ek xdlx pewwoxxekce aekwex ek xsnmbek dy jes ydcnul aegwohjs qdwcek+ Mo}}

fok kooxs Newxe `dbf" `bolekhd" Suwfxe d` Owognxhje bnhjse fboxxnefe lu}nef xsook6

aeywdawolleewce hdkhewsek qdwcek o`aeqnxxebc les nlywdpnxosne,opdkcek" molxexxnex"

`nbl" hdlec~ d` yd}ne+ Ce owsnexsek fukkek }dqeb uns gnkkek, obx uns gunsekbokc fdlek+ Ew


8/34

:

nx jeeb qos wunlse pddw hwdxx,dpew" }dqeb dy jes ydcnul obx coowkooxs= jes yugbnef nx poof

aelekac les pddwob eek xsepnae ohjsewgok pok *Gebanxhje. Suwfek ek duce Gebaek+

Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nef nx nk jes Lu}nfoksekjunx }efew eek xsepnae ynmbew nk ce poxse ek bdxxe

ywdawollosne+ Lnkxsekx qefebnmfx swecek ew Suwfxe lu}nfoksek dy" leexsob bdfobe

lu}nfoksek uns jes }daekoolce junxdwfexs+ Kooxs mdkae dyfdlekce sobeksek ek

aepexsnace qoowcek uns ce Aeksxe Suwfxe lu}nefxhke" xyebek ew xdlx ddf Suwfxe

lu}nfoksek uns ce guuwbokcek d` uns Suwfnme }eb`+

Ddf nk jes Lu}nfoksekjunx pnkcek ew lu}nefbexxek yboosx" }dqeb nk Euwdyexe pdbfxlu}nef

*SBX , Suke beowknka xexxndk. obx nk Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nef *xo}.+

Ce cewce ek qebbnhjs lnkxs gefekce ybef nx jes Gexse L}nf Epn *GexseLu}nefjunx. nk ce

Xbeeyxswoos" aexnsueewc selnccek pok ce Elnwcoxe aeleekxhjoy+ Jes cwoons wdkc ce `nauuw

pok @of Eceew" eek geawny nk ce Suwfxe aeleekxhjoy nk Aeks ek }eb` o`fdlxsna pok eek

cdwy pok Elnwco+ Cns lu}nefjunx pewsddks uo nkwnhjsnka geyoobce aebnmfeknxxek les jes

lu}nfoksekjunx pok Luxsoò Opow= gence }nmk nkaewnhjs pdbaekx jes ldceb pok ce swfgow d` jes swf epnV8\+ Cns nx eek s~ye lu}nefho` cos poko` ce mowek ?>>9 dyaoka loofse

nk Nxsokgub ek okcewe xsecek pok Suwfnme" ek cos xdlx ddf nk ce cnoxydwo aefdyneewc qdwcs+

Ew qdwcs bnpe Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nef aegwohjs" pewae}ebc pok eek joyme *le}e. ek eek cwokfme

*poof qnmk d` xsewfewe cwokf }dobx wof.+ Ce nkwnhjsnka gepos obsnmc osswngusek ek cehdwosnepe

ebeleksek uns jes Suwfxe ybossebokcxbepek+ Cns xddws cehdw nx }dqeb nk jes Lu}nfoksekjunx obx

nk Gexse sewua se pnkcek+

Gence jun}ek beaaek qeb leew ce kocwuf dy ce lu}nfobe nkjduc cok kdwlobe swf gowx" cne

leexsob solebnmf hbnhjlosnae unspdewnkaek pok Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nef gwekaek+ Jes awdse

pewxhjnb suxxek jes Lu}nfoksekjunx ek Gexse nx cos jes jes eewxse dy eek gwecew yugbnef lnfs

cddw eek cnpewx ywdawollo ook se gnecek nk eek aedwaoknxeewce xswuhsuuw pddw}nek pokyugbnhnsens" sewqnmb Gexse eek pddwkolebnmf Suwfxe ek lnkcew aedwaoknxeewce *poof oc jdh.

ywdawollosne jee`s+ Jes Lu}nefjunx dksbeeks }nmk gesefeknx pddwkolebnmf ook ce

ookqe}najenc pok ce `nauuw pok @of Eceew" cne nk Aeks obaeleke ewfekknka aeknes obx d}ok

*cnhjsew,}okaew. cne ce Elnwcoxe swocnsnex pddws}es+

Pok ce cwne jnewgdpek gexhjwepek hekswobe yboosxek pddw Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nef qdwcek ew

obbeek nk Gexse aeek lu}nefbexxek aedwaoknxeewc+ Kooxs ce bexxek xo} ek cowgufo nk Ce

Hekswobe ek jes Lu}nfoksekjunx" fukkek aeksewexxeewcek ddf sewehjs nk p}q }guwuk nk ce

Dyaenxsekbook d` xydwocnxhj gnm HC@ *oco Cewkefbew @ecewox~dku @ecewosne pok

Pddwunsxswepekce Peweknankaek.+

Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nef nk jes ywnpose bepek

Kooxs ce pewlebce yugbnefe wunlsex ek aebeaekjecek" nx ew unsewoowc ddf yboosx pddw Suwfxe

pdbfxlu}nef nk jes ywnpbepek pok ce lekxek+ Uns eek aexywef les Suwub ^hexok" eek

lu}nfoks cne jes Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nefweyewsdnwe nk obbewben aecooksex ek hdksezsek unspdews"

fqol koow pddw cos ce Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nef nk ce cnoxydwo pddwob kda eek wdb xyeebs dy

èexsek" les kole juqebnmfxèexsek" ek lnkcew ek lnkcew ook gdc fdls nk qos qe }ducek


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>

fukkek kdelek jes obbecooaxe ae}nkx, d` òlnbnebepek+ Eek unsaegwenc xuwpe~,dkcew}def

}du ehjsew aepdewc ldesek qdwcek dl cns se fukkek gepexsnaek d` dksfekkek+

Qos geswe`s ce Suwfxe swduqèexsek geyewfs lnmk ewpownka }nhj pddwbdyna sds jes gefnmfek pok

^duSuge,`nblymex ek jes gebunxsewek pok pewjobek+ Coowuns qewc cuncebnmf cos ce Suwfxe

pdbfxlu}nef sdhj kda eek gebokawnmfe ùkhsne jee`s nk ce}e èexsek+ Ce lu}nef ek cokx

lofek ceeb uns pok eek awdsewe heweldkne" cne kda pwnm xswnfs koaebee`c bnmfs se qdwcek }nm

jes nk ookaeyoxse ek hdlyohse pdwl pewaebefek les jes ldceb pok nk Suwfnme+ Ew qdwcs obsnmc

ce pddwfeuw aeaepek ook jes nkjuwek pok lu}nfoksek uns ce enaek xsweef" ce}e

pewswduqcjenc nx dy cewaebnmfe ldleksek jeeb gebokawnmf" ek qoowxhjnmkbnmf pdebs lek cns nk

ce cnoxydwo kda xhjewyew ook cok nk Suwfnme }eb`+ Dy geyoobce ldleksek pok ce heweldkne

aegwunfs lek xdlx kda swocnsndkebe nkxswuleksek" }dobx ce copub ek }uwko *awdse swdl ek

xhjoblen." ce èexsnkxswuleksek gnm unsxsef+ Jes lu}nefawdeyme cos sek cokx xyeebs nx

leexsob lnkcew swocnsndkeeb ek gepos gnmko obsnmc eek x~ksjexn}ew *cne poof pddwo`

aeywdawolleewce lu}nef o`xyeebs. ek eek }okaew" epeksueeb kda ookaepubc les okcewenkxswuleksek" obx jes gucaes jes sdeboos+ Ce lu}nef cne aexyeebc qdwcs" gepos

welnknxheksnex ook ce swocnsndkebe pdbfxlu}nef6 poof nx ehjsew ekfeb kda ce lebdcne

jewfekgoow" sewqnmb ce wexs dlaepdwlc nx sds cnxhd," jduxe, d` jnyjdy,xsnmb+ Ce sddk qdwcs

jnew cuncebnmf ae}es cddw ce meuac+

Weyewsdnwe

Qebf pdbfxlu}nefweyewsdnwe qeewfbnkfs ew ku nk ob cne pewxhjnbbekce hdksezsek4 Uns eek

gepwoanka pok ?? Suwfxe lu}nfoksek cne ohsne` }nmk gnkkek ce Aeksxe ek$d` gweceweGebanxhje Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nefxhke" fdls Hekswoob,Okosdbn ukoknel koow pddw obx leexs

unsaepdewce weand nk Aeks+ Coowko pdbaek ce Eaexhje weand ek Ddxs,Okosdbn *nkhbuxne` ce

Obepnsnxhje lu}nef.+ Elnwco d` O`~dk qewcek xbehjsx cddw ce jeb`s pok ce lu}nfoksek

aekdelc+ Obx boosxse qewcek kda jes ]qowse ]ee,aegnec ek Sjwohn *jes Euwdyeex aeceebse

pok Suwfnme. pewlebc+ Jes geboka pok ce Hekswoob,Okosdbnxhje" Eaexhje ek Obepnsnxhje

lu}nef qewc ddf cddw Ossnbo Gofwdbu" ywdawollosdw nk Ce Hekswobe" gepexsnac+ Ddf lnmk

enaek" cddwjeek ce mowek dyaegduqce ewpownkaek xbunsek jnewgnm ook+

Ce lu}nef pok Elnwco,O`~dk qdwcs xdlx dkcew ce Eaexhje ek xdlx dkcew ce Hekswoob,

Okosdbnxhje weand dkcewaegwohjs+ Pdbaekx Luxsoò Opow }nmk ew pddwob aebnmfeknxxek les ce

lu}nef pok Hekswoob,Okosdbn dy lebdcnxhj pbof ek xnsueews jes pewxhjnb }nhj pddwkolebnmf nksefxs" cnobehs ek }okasehjknef+ Koow lnmk ookpdebek nx jes nkcewcooc munxsew dl ce Elnwcoxe

lu}nef obx gejdwekc sds ce Hekswoob,Okosdbnxhje swocnsne se gexhjduqek" loow pewcew

dkcew}def }ob ddf ce}e unsxywoof ldesek gepexsnaek d` dksfekkek+

Nk ce pdbaekce òxex pok lnmk dkcew}def }ob nf jes weyewsdnwe" ce unspdewnkaxxsnmbek ek ce

pewseaekqddwcnaewx pok ce cwne gebokawnmfxse aegnecek pok cnhjsewgnm gefnmfek+ Jes pdbaekce

owsnfeb qdwcs coow ob eek dkcewceeb pok+ Ce jnewgdpek ob fdws aekswdcuheewce @of Eceew ek

}nmk lu}nef }ubbek obx pewseaekqddwcnaew pok Elnwco nk Aeks aeydwswesseewc qdwcek+ Nf

jddy cos nf cddw jes qeewaepek pok }nmk bepekxpewjoob ek jes okob~xewek pok }nmk weyewsdnwe


10/34

?9

ek xsnmb eek nk}nhjs fok gnecek nk ce loknew qoowdy eek aesobekseewce Suwfxe lu}nfoks

gesefeknx aee`s ook }nmk `ukhsndkewek nk ce cnoxydwo+

Les cokf ook Ossnbo Gofwdbu" Luxso`o Opow ek Suwub ^hexok+

Gwdkkek

Foklo}" L+ *799?.+ Ldxfee ek adcxcnekxsgebepnka= Bepek obx ldxbnl nk eek

befekxsoos+ Aeywexekseewc gnm Nxbol nk jes bepek pok ebfe coa" Aeks+ Pewfweaek pok

jssy=$$qqq+`bq+uaeks+ge$hne$WUA$foklo}8+jsl+

Lokd" U+ *7999.+ Suwfx nk Euwdye= @wdl o aowgbec nloae sd sje hdlybezns~ d`

lnawoks weobns~+ Nk K+ F+ Guwdbu *Wec+." Sje nloae d` Suwfx nk Euwdye `wdl sje cehbowosndk

d` sje weyugbnh nk ?>78 sd sje ?>>9!x*yy+ 7?,85.+ Nxsokgub= Sje Nxnx Ywexx+ Pewfweaek pok

jssy=$$qqq+`bq+uaeks+ge$hne$ulokhd$ulokhd5+jsl+

Dlaepnkaxokob~xe esknxhj hubsuwebe cnpewxnsens 799>,79??+ *aeek cosul.+ Aeks= Xsoc

Aeks+ Pewfweaek pok

jssy=$$qqq+aeks+ge$cdhx$Ceyowseleks%79gepdbfnka%79ek%79Qeb}nmk$Nkseawosnecnekxs$Gebe

ncxybokkek$Dlaepnkaxokob~xe%79EHC%79,%7970mukn+yc`*75 loows 79??.+

V?\ Elnwco nx eek xsocme pok dkaepeew 79 999 nkqdkewx *35 999 les ce cdwyek ewgnm. nk ce ywdpnkhne

O`~dkfowojnxow+ Jnew qdwcs jes gnm Hekswoob,Okosdbn aewefekc" dlcos jes coow uo bnaanka ek hubsuuw cnhjsewgnm bnas+

D``nhneeb jddws jes ehjsew sjunx nk ce Eaexhje weand+

V7\ Suwfx pddw fbokf" snlgwe+

V8\ Pdbfxbnec,gow d` pdbfxbnec,junx+


11/34

??

Ceeb 8= Hoxexsuc~ pok eek lu}nfoks= @of Eceew

Elnwco nk cek pweelce

êsew akb auwges ebce fobcl" Jes nx boka aekdea" lnmk jows" cos nf nk cek pweelce aegbepek gek"

O~wbf hoklo ~essn ancebnl" Ce xhjencnka jee`s boka aekdea aecuuwc" bosek qe aook"

Dk ~b dbcu auwges ebe aebcnnk" Jes nx snek moow aebecek cos me jnew ookfqol" lnmk jows"

Aekbnnl guwoco ~nssn ancebnl+ Jnew nx lnmk meuac nx pewpbdaek" bosek qe aook+

ô} gojow dbcu culokb cobow" ]e jeggek eek }dlewx fbeec aefweaek" ce lnxsnae gewaek"

Jo~ob dbcu nbf ofbow xepcobow" Ce eewxse bne`cex }nmk sds eek jewnkkewnka pewqdwcek"

Auwgesebce knhe xnkebew cobow" Jde poof gwokcs ce gdwxs nk cek pweelce"

Xbo guwkulo sss ancebnl+ Nf wunf ce aeuw pok sjunx nk lnmk keux" bosek qe aook+

Cdxs ~} awlecn ~bbowho ~}l" Lnmk ae}nhjs jee`s mowekboka aeek pwnekc ae}nek"

Cdcuul ~ewbewn }b~dw }l" Jeeb lnmk qe}ek lnxs ce yboosxek qoow nf aegdwek gek"

Cebn akb xoko aeln~dw x}l" Lnmk qook}nkknae jows" lnmk qddwc cwnkas knes sds mdu cddw"

Gbgbl abe ss ancebnl+ Lnmk kohjseaoob jee`s seaek ce wddx ae}dkaek" bosek qe aook+

Xn~oj xobowk fuwuko ckc" Me }qowse jowek }nmk awnmx obx bddc aeqdwcek"

Cewsbn ~wenl df heò awc" Lnmk ge}qoowc jows jee`s peeb beec leeaeloofs"

O~koco ejwek ~oxo gwkc" Nk ce xyneaeb jee`s me pewxhjnmknka }nhj obx nk wduq aeybddnc"

Auwgesse ulucul gnssn ancebnl+ Nk cek pweelce }nmk lnmk pewqohjsnkaek pewcqekek" bosek qe aook+

bf auwgesnk @of dsu} ~okco" Sdek me pddw jes eewxs nk jes gunsekbokc anka qdkek" @of" qox me 89

Ke cn fobc o}co ke xo goco" Ew nx aeek sokc leew nk ce ldkc" aeek joow dy jes jdd`c aegbepek"

Xbo ao~wn jo~obnkce ckce" Jes pocewbokc gbnm`s obbeek kda nk me pewgeebcnka ek me cwdlek"

O}wonb xnkekcek sussu ancebnl+ O}woeb jee`s me poxs gnm ce gdwxs" bosek qe aook+

*@of Eceew" ?>>3.

Pok yn}}o koow yd}ne

Qne o` ek sde nk Aeks eekx uns esek aoos nk eek Suwfx wexsouwoks" }ob }efew Yn}}o @of nk ceXbeeyxswoos fekkek+ Qenkna *Gebanxhje. wexsouwoksaokaewx }ubbek ehjsew qesek cos ce

enaekoow eek geaekocnac lu}nfoks nx" cne nk ce Suwfxe aeleekxhjoyyek nk Aeks peeb leew

cok pddw }nmk yn}}ox" aebne`c ek aewexyehseewc nx pddw }nmk lu}nef ek yd}ne+ Nk jes

wexsouwoks pewwocek obbeek ekfebe lu}nefnkxswuleksek ook ce luuw ce yoxxne pok ce

}oofpdewcew+ Obx me ehjsew ce xswoos xhjunk dpewxseefs ek gnkkekxsoys nk p}q Gexse

Lu}nefhubsuweeb Hekswul" cok fdl me ybdsx sewehjs nk eek pdbbecna Suwfx nkaewnhjse ek

aecehdweewce wunlse" qoow dpewob pewxywenc Suwfxe lu}nefnkxswuleksek jokaek ek bnaaek"

ek eek ydcnulyme fboowxsoos pddw aegwunf+

Cns nx eek ceeb pok ce gndsddy qoownk @of Eceew" cddw ce Suwfek xseepoxs @of Ogn *awdse

gwdew @of. aekdelc" }nmk coaek cddwgwekas" }nmk aecnhjsek xhjwnm`s ek }nmk lu}nef loofs+


12/34

?7

@of awdence dy nk Elnwco" eek xsocme pok dkaepeew 79999 nkqdkewx dlaepek cddw eek

}epeksnasob cdwyek" nk ce qexsebnmfe jeb`s pok Suwfnme+ ]nmk òlnbne bee`ce pwdeaew obx

kdlocek" cne nk ce }dlew juk fuccek bnesek awo}ek nk ce gewaqencek ek x qnksewx nk ce

booapbofsex pewgbepek+ Cne bepekxqnm}e jnebcek }e ook sds pew nk ce sqnksnaxse eeuq" sds }e

}nhj lnk d` leew aecqdkaek ldexsek pexsnaek+ @of pdebs dpewnaekx ddf eek pewgdkcekjenc

les }nmk kda pewcewe pewbecek= ce ddwxywdkfebnmfe o`fdlxs pok }nmk òlnbne aexnsueewc nk jes

juncnae Suwfleknxsok ek Yofnxsok+ Ce}e jebe hubsuuw les joow swocnsndkebe bepekxqnm}e jee`s

cneye xydwek ohjsewaebosek nk ce yewxddk @of ek nk }nmk lu}nef ek yd}ne+ Ce sjelosnef pok

ce Suwfxe kdlocnxhje swocnsnex ek bepekxqnm}e fdls xseecx sewua nk ce aecnhjsek ek bnecewek

cne jnm pewsdbfs ek }eb` xhjwnm`s+

Obx me ook @of pwooas qos Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nef gesefeks" oksqddwcs jnm= eek bepekxqnm}e+ Ce

pdbfxlu}nef pok Suwfnme nx pdbaekx jel obdlseaekqddwcna" obsnmc ek dpewob ookqe}na" ek

pewgdkcek les obbe òxek uns eek lekxekbepek+ Ebfe gebokawnmfe aegeuwseknx nk jes bepek pok

ce lekx" pok ce aegddwse sds ek les ce cddc" qdwcs geaebenc cddw ce aeyoxse lu}nef+ Ddf

nk jes coaebnmfxe d` obbecooaxe bepek jddws lu}nef sjunx+ Ce bnmxs pok ldaebnmfe lu}nfobeaekwex ek ùkhsnex nx boka+++ ]d }nmk ew gnmpddwgeebc=

, Qneaebnecmex ek xbooybnecmex" cddw ldecewx pddw juk fnkcewek ae}dkaek *knkknbew.

, Fnkcewbnecmex ae}dkaek snmcekx jes xyeb

, Bne`cexbnecewek

, Bnecewek unsaepdewc snmcekx ce juqebnmfxheweldkne= jekkobnecewek" bnecewek ae}dkaek gnm

jes dyjobek pok ce gwunc *ce aebnk." gnm jes o`xhjenc uns jes ducewbnmfe junx" gnm jes

pewqebfdlek pok ce aoxsek dy jes èexs"

, Xsoybnecewek dl dkcewqea se }nkaek

, Lowfsfwolewxbnecewek

, Qewfbnecewek dl jes qewf ookaekolew se lofek, Jewcewxlu}nef

, Webnaneu}e lu}nef

, Fbooabnecewek" cddw ce pwduqek ae}dkaek gnm jes dpewbnmcek pok nelokc *osbow.+

Lu}nef nx pddw @of nesx kosuuwbnmfx ek nesx uknpewxeebx= Ew nx aeek lekx cne knes pok lu}nef

jducs+ Jes nx eek hdlluknhosnelncceb= jes xsoos lekxek sde les ebfoow se hdlluknhewek+

Peeb Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nef nx ehjs pokuns cne hdlluknhosneùkhsne dksxsook" cekf loow ook ce

lowfsfwolewxbnecewek d` ook ce jewcewxlu}nef" cne ddwxywdkfebnmf ùkaeewce obx eek

loknew dl gddcxhjoyyek dpew se cwoaek dpew eek awdse o`xsokc+

@of obx lu}nfoks

@of Eceew fqol dy 89,mownae bee`snmc koow Geban" qoow jnm nk ce xydwek pok }nmk pocew swoc

ek obx yncehn ce fdxs pewcnekce+ Coowpddw joc jnm nk Suwfnme ob eek awdse ewpownka

dyaegduqc obx weandkobe pdbfxlu}nfoks" cne aexyehnobnxeewc qox nk ce lu}nef pok }nmk

aegddwsexsweef Elnwco+ Jnm xyeebce ek }dka coow dy juqebnmfek" okcewe èexsek ek

pwnekcekgnmeekfdlxsek+ Obx fnkc awdence jnm dy nk ce lu}nfoksekqnmf pok Elnwco ek coow

beewce jnm jes weyewsdnwe fekkek ek cnpewxe nkxswuleksek gexyebek" }dobx ce fopob *eek

jewcewx`bunsme. ek ce gobolo *bokajobxbuns.+ Bosew dksqnffebce jnm ddf poowcnajecek dy

yewhuxxne, ek xswnmfnkxswuleksek+ Aookceqea geadk jnm @of eek enaek xsnmb pok lu}nef ek


13/34

?8

yd}ne" aeks dy ce swocnsnex pok Elnwco" se hwewek+ Jnm wnhjsse }nmk ookcohjs ddf dy

lu}nef pok gunsek Elnwco" ek pddwob cddw jes wocndywdawollo ^uwssok Xexbew *Aebuncek uns

jes pocewbokc. se gebunxsewek" beewce jnm ce lu}nef pok jeeb Suwfnme fekkek+ Nk cos

ywdawollo fqol pdbfxlu}nef ook gdc cne cddw dkcew}defewx pewgdkcek ook ce SWS

pew}olebc ek unsaepdewc qewc+ Jes pdbbecnae SWS,weyewsdnwe sebs cun}ekcek *hnwho 1999.

bnecewek ek cokxek" qoowpok @of ew koow enaek }eaaek leew cok ?999 feks+ Jnm jee`s jes

gnm}dkcewe sobeks eek bnec loow k feew se ldesek jdwek qoowko jnm jes pddw bokae snmc

dksjducs+ ]nmk dwek ek aejeuaek lofek jel nk xsoos dl eek xhjos ook lu}nef se fukkek

unspdewek" kdsek be}ek nx pddw jel hdlybees dpewgdcna+

Nk Geban dksqnffebce @ofx lu}nfoob ek ydsnxhj sobeks }nhj kda xsewfew+ Jes nk cek

pweelce pewgbnmpek *auwges. ek ce jenlqee ek kdxsobane cne coowpok jes aepdba }nmk"

pdwlcek obsnmc ob cokfgowe sjelox nk ce swocnsndkebe Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nef" ek unsewoowc ddf

nk ce kneuqewe pdwlek ewpok+ Jes bepek pew pok jes pocewbokc jee`s @of aekxynweewc sds jes

xhjwnmpek pok 3 aecnhjsekgukceb ek ? pew}olebnka pok pewjobek+ Lnmlewnkaek dpew ek

jewnkkewnkaek ook jes bepek nk Suwfnme ek Elnwco qdwcek jnewnk o`aeqnxxebc lespewqnm}nkaek koow ce weobnsens pok jes coaebnmfxe bepek nk Geban ek koow ce Pboolxe hubsuuw+

Ce lu}nfobe wdb cne @of nk Geban pewpubs" jee`s pewxhjnbbekce foksek+

?+ Sek eewxse gexhjduqs jnm }nhj}eb` *ek qdwcs jnm gexhjduqc. obx pewseaekqddwcnaew pok ce

Elnwco,lu}nefhubsuuw nk Geban+ Ew }nmk kda loow qenkna lekxek cne ce swocnsndkebe

pdbfxlu}nef pok Elnwco pew}olebek ek unspdewek" }eb`x nk Suwfnme+ Jdeqeb @of }nhj}eb`

gekdels obx oloseuw qokkeew jes dpew jes pewsdbfek pok ce lu}nef pok ce okcewe xswefek

pok Suwfnme aoos" }nes jnm }nhj}eb` sdhj obx eek xyehnobnxs dy jes pbof pok Elnwco,lu}nef+ Jnm

feks cne swocnsne ku eekloob cddw ek cddw= ce lu}nfobe xsnmbek ek pdwlek" ce sjelosnef ekgesefeknxxek" ce ydsnxhje pdwlek ek jes cnobehs+ Ook cns boosxse oxyehs jehjs jnm dpewnaekx

}eew peeb geboka= eek cnobehs cos pddwfdls nk eek geyoobce xsweef geyoobs pddw eek awdds

ceeb jes fowofsew pok ce lu}nef ewpok" ek fok ldenbnmf ookaebeewc qdwcek cddw nelokc pok

eek okcewe xsweef+

@of gexhjwnm`s ce lu}nefhubsuuw pok Elnwco obx }eew wnmf ek cnpewx" ek sek dkwehjse qenkna

gefekc nk Suwfnme+ Ekfebe s~ynxhje knes,webnaneu}e aekwex }nmk ce os *fbooa}oka." d~uk

jopox *cokxlu}nef." knkkn *qneaebnec. ek dgok l}nn *jewcewxlu}nef.+ Ddf ce webnaneu}e

lu}nef feks pewxhjnbbekce aekwex= xeloj *eek xddws wnsuebe cokx pok ce Obepnesek." ce~n

*eek xddws ae}dkaek aegec pok ce Obepnesek" geaebenc dy ce gobolo. ek xu`n,lu}nef

*obaeleke sewl pddw lu}nef pok ce l~xsnefe nxbol.+ @of gekocwufs cos ce pdbfxlu}nef pok

Elnwco eek dy }nhj}eb` xsookce lu}nefxddws nx" les eek enaek fowofsew" xsnmb" sjelosnef ek

soobaegwunf+ Ce lu}nefhubsuuw pok Elnwco fok cux knes }dloow aebnmfaexsebc qdwcek les

ce}e pok ce Eaexhje weand" d` pok Lnccek,Okosdbn" ce sqee ookawek}ekce xswefek++

Qos cok ce ywehne}e fowofsewnxsnefek pok ce Elnwco,xsnmb }nmk" }ob ldesek gbnmfek uns jes

pebcdkcew}def cos nf snmcekx ce }dlew }ob pdewek nk Elnwco" ce Eaexhje weand *N}lnw"

Gobfexnw". ek Lnccek,Okosdbn *Okfowo" Fwejnw".+

7+ Kooxs jes hdkxewpewek ek cddwaepek pok ce swocnsndkebe pdbfxlu}nef pok Elnwco" bnas eek

gebokawnmf ceeb pok ce wdb pok @of nk jes hwewek pok kneuqe lu}nef nk cns swocnsndkebencnddl+ Jnm aegwunfs jnewpddw gexsookce pdbfxaecnhjsek ek pewjobek" kooxs enaek yd}ne


14/34

?3

aexhjwepek pdbaekx ce duce weaebx ek pdwlek pok ce weandkobe pdbfxe cnhjsfukxs+ Jes

swocnsndkebe *kdlocnxhje. bepek nk ce xsweef pok Elnwco" pewqnm}nkaek koow ce lnawosne koow

Geban ek ce bne`ce pdwlek }dobx ae}eac ce wdce cwooc uo sjelosnef+ Jes gefekcxse bnec

pok @of nk ce}e xsnmb nx qebbnhjs Elnwcoko powcl xogojo fow *Nf fqol ook nk Elnwco

seaek ce dhjsekc." cos jeeb gefekc nx nk ce Suwfxe aeleekxhjoy nk Aeks ek epek}eew nk }nmk

xsoc pok o`fdlxs }eb`+ Jes nx eek jns dy ^dusuge" qoow jes dkcokfx ce hekxuuw nk Suwfnme

ob 7?999 feew gefefek nx+ @of aee`s }eb` dpewnaekx ook cos jnm pddwob lu}nef les eek

cokxfowofsew loofs" dlcos cos ce mdkaewek leew ookxyweefs+

Eek xhjos ook kneuqe pdbfxlu}nef }ns kda pewgdwaek nk @ofx gobolo ek qohjs kda dy eek

yewxddk cne obbex fok dykelek" unsxhjwnmpek ek yugbnhewek+ Nf qnb obpoxs ce}e wdb dy lnm

kelek" qne qees fwnmas @ofx lu}nef dy cne loknew qeb eek yboosx nk jes d``nhnbe SWS,

weyewsdnwe/

8+ Eek cewce oxyehs pok @ofx lu}nfoks,}nmk nk Geban nx ce wdb cne jnm pewpubs obx of+ Ce

ofswocnsne nx knes s~ynxhj pddw Elnwco" loow qeb pddw okcewe cebek pok Suwfnme+ Eek of nxse pewaebnmfek les eek swdugocduw d` gowc }dobx qnm cos fekcek nk Euwdyo nk ce

lnccebeeuqek+ Nk Suwfnme gexsoos eek cewaebnmfe swocnsne ob cun}ekcek mowek" ek bee`s }e kda

xseecx pddws sds dy ce coa pok pokcooa+ Pddwob nk jes Ddxsek pok Suwfnme nx cns eek

gebokawnmf ebeleks uns ce *lu}nef.hubsuuw+ Ofx }nmk cux wdkcsweffekce lu}nfoksek"

cnhjsewx,}okaewx cne }nhj}eb` geaebencek dy eek sdffebnkxswuleks }dobx ce gobolo+ ]e

gwekaek lu}nef cne }e }eb` aehdlydkeewc jeggek nk eek yewxddkbnmfe xsnmb cne qeb ookbeuks

gnm jes ncnddl pok juk xsweef+ Ce sjelosnef pok juk bnecewek fok ce bne`ce" webnane d` ydbnsnef

geswe``ek+ Eek s~ynxhje poowcnajenc pok ofx nx cos }e }eew adec }nmk nk nlywdpnxosne ek nk

jes nkxyebek dy ce ohsuobnsens ek juk cnwehse dlaepnka+ Ew gexsook xyehnobe qecxswnmcek

qoownk pewxhjnbbekce ofx ebfoow dy cne pboffek ywdgewek se dpewswdepek+@of aoos ew ywos dy cos jnm cne swocnsne nk ewe jducs" ek cux ddf nk xsoos nx dl dk sje xyds

se nlywdpnxewek nk ce pdwl pok eek ae}dkaek aecnhjs+ Jnm gexhjduqs }nhj}eb` obx ce eknae

of *d` d}ok" eek sewl cne obx x~kdknel aegwunfs qdwcs. nk Aeks+ Jnm qdwcs obx cuxcokna

ddf ewfekc nk Suwfnme" aesunae }nmk pewlebcnka nk eek ooksob gdefek cne eek dpew}nhjs aepek

pok ce nk bepek }nmkce Suwfxe ofx *ob cok knes nk ce cnoxydwo.+ Ddf jnew gexe`s jnm pdbdy jes

geboka pok }nmk wdb" adec qesekce cos ce ofbf nk Suwfnme ddf eek unsxsewpekc `ekdleek

aeqdwcek nx+

3+ Jdeqeb @of }nmk hweosnepe ekewane }efew fqnms fok nk jes hwewek pok enaek lu}nef nk ce

Elnwco,xsnmb ek nk jes cnwehs nlywdpnxewek pok yd}ne dy lu}nef" nx cns pddw jel kda knes

pdbcdekce+ Jnm swohjs ddf eek enaek xsnmb *sow}. se dksqnffebek" cne pwnmew nx ek o`xsokc keels

pok ce swocnsnex *}dqeb dy jes pbof pok ce sefxsek obx pok ce lu}nef.+ Ce awdse ywdgbelek nk

ce qewebc }nmk eek gebokawnmf sewuafdlekc sjelo jnewgnm= ddwbda" owldece" losewnobnxle"

abdgobnxewnka ek pewpboffnka" @ofx kdgeb xswepek nx eek gnmcwoae se bepewek ook ce

qewebcpwece6 jnm kdels }nmk lu}nef cok ddf gow l}nn *bessewbnmf pwecexlu}nef.+ Eek

okcew cokfgoow sjelo gbnm`s kosuuwbnmf ce bne`ce" }dobx gnmpddwgeebc nk }nmk gefekce xdka

Lownfo" dpew eek Awnefx,Suwfxe bne`ce+ Ce}e lu}nef fok dkcewaegwohjs qdwcek gnm ce

}ak l}nf" eek xdhnoob aekaoaeewc aekwe cos dksxsdkc nk ce mowek ?>19 nk Suwfnme" ek

qoownk nkpbdecek uns ce pdbfxlu}nef yboosx fweaek gnkkek eek leew Qexsewx" ydy,ohjsnancnddl+


15/34

?5

Ce cnpewxnsens pok @of obx lu}nfoks fdls pdbbecna sds unsnka nk ce}e pnew gekocewnkaek pok

ce lu}nef+ Sewqnmb jnm nk }nmk dy ce Suwfxe ek nk jes gnm}dkcew Elnwcoxe pdbfxhubsuuw aekse

lu}nef dy }def aoos koow eek unsaeyuuwce swocnsndkebe xsnmb" fnexs jnm nk }nmk pwnme

hdlydxnsnex gequxs pddw eek dyek gekocewnka" qoowgnm jnm aeek ekfebe nkpbdec *fboxxnefe

lu}nef" mo}}" ydy". qnb unsxbunsek+ Coowgnm pnkcs jnm ddf jes lubsnhubsuwebe }eew gebokawnmf+

k pok }nmk cwdlek nx eek ywdmehs dy se }essek les lu}nef qoownk Suwfxe ek Pboolxe

nkpbdecek les ebfoow aehdlgnkeewc qdwcek+ @of nx pok leknka cos me obx lu}nfoks nk `ense

pewybnhjs geks dl dyek se xsook pddw obbe lu}nefxddwsek" ookae}nek lu}nef lofek nesx

nksewkosndkoobx nx+

Bosek qe @of Eceewx pnxne dy jes lu}nfoks,}nmk xolekpossek ook ce jokc pok }nmk enaek

unsxywofek+ Jnm pewcecnas jes ncee cos nk ebf bokc ce pdbfxlu}nef cddw ce dpewjenc aexseukc

}du ldesek qdwcek+ Jnm hnseews jnewgnm ce qddwcek pok Ososwf= Eek pdbf cos }nmk hubsuuw

pewbdwek jee`s" pewbnexs obbex+

Jes geqowek pok swocnsnex nx cux ewa gebokawnmf" loow kneuqe cnkaek hwewek kdels jnm }dldaebnmf kda gesew= ]dkcew jes duce se pewaesek" dyekxsook pddw jes kneuqe" jes kneuqe

dlowlek6 me }ob jes duce nk me jows jducek ek jes kneuqe ddf gelnkkek+

Nf jeg jes aepdeb cos cns hwecd knes obbeek aebcna nx pddw }nmk lu}nef" loow }efew ddf pddw ce

loknew qoowdy jnm obx owsnexs ek obx lekx nk jes bepek xsoos+


16/34

?0

Ceeb 3= Pdbfxlu}nef nk jecekcooax Suwfnme*pebcdkcew}def.

Nkbencnka

Cwne moow nx jes ku cos nf ce leexse pok lnmk coaek pub les jes gexsucewek pok ce

pdbfxlu}nef pok Suwfnme" nk Aeks" nk Pbookcewek" nk Nxsokgub+ Lnmk nk`dwlosne joob nf uns

*Suwfxe. gdefek" owsnfebx" jnew ek coow eek pewjokcebnka" uns nk`dwlebe aexyweffek les

lu}nfoksek ek ezyewsx" uns leew `dwlebe òhe,sd,òhe d` ebefswdknxhje nksewpneqx" uns

dgxewposne pok ek yowsnhnyosne nk gnmpddwgeebc bexxek" hdkhewsek ek okcewe unspdewnkaek+ Eek

ae}dkce lnz pok lesjdcex cux" cne le sdeboos eek }d gweec ldaebnmf yewxyehsne` se fwnmaek

dy ce ohsuebe pewxhjnmknkaxpdwlek" gesefeknxxek ek ùkhsnex pok Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nef nk ce

cnoxydwo *n+h+ Aeks. ek nk jes sjunxbokc *Suwfnme.+ Jes cdeb nx knes dl eek obbexdlpossekce"hdlybese gexhjwnmpnka ek okob~xe pok ce *gesefeknx pok ce. loknèxsosnex pok Suwfxe

pdbfxlu}nef se gefdlek" cos nx eek dkldaebnmfe mdg" }eb`x qos geswe`s ce webosne` fbenke

Suwfxe aeleekxhjoy*yek. nk Aeks+ Ce gecdebnka nx qeb jes nk foows gwekaek pok

pewxhjnbbekce lu}nfobe aegeuwseknxxek les juk wexyehsnepebnmf gesefeknxxek ek ùkhsnex

pddw ce geswdffekek *ce lu}nfoksek" ce ookqe}naek" ce dycwohjsaepew. ek ce

pewxhjnmknkaxpdwlek pok ce unsaepdewce Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nef *weyewsdnwe ek

unspdewnkaxqnm}e.+

Jdeqeb jes }qoowseyuks bnas dy ce loknèxsosnex pok Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nef nk Aeks *ek cux nk

eek qebgeyoobce cnoxydwohdksezs." nx jes gebokawnmf dl ce}e se fukkek hdksezsuobnxewek"

knes obbeek cddw ce Aeksxe hdksezs }d pdbbecna ldaebnmf se gexhjwnmpek" loow ddf cddw se

weèwewek koow aeweboseewce hdksezsek" nk ce eewxse yboosx koow pewxhjnbbekce hdksezsek nk

Suwfnme }eb`" ek nk ce sqeece yboosx koow okcewe cnoxydwo,hdksezsek+ Cns nx eek qewf pok

bokae ocel ek eek adece xebehsne pok webepokse hdksezsek nx jnewgnm hwuhnoob+

]dobx nk eek pdwna owsnfeb gexhjwepek" qdwcs ce pdbfxlu}nef pok geyoobce weandx pok Suwfnme

leew unsaepdewc nk Aeks cok pok okcewe+ Ce lu}nef pok Hekswoob,Okosdbn *Okfowo ek

Fwejnw." ek cok pddwob ce cokxlu}nef" nx jes ydyubonwxs" aepdbac cddw ce lu}nef pok ce

Eaexhje weand ek ce Obepnsnxhje lu}nef pok Ddxs,Okosdbn+ Ookae}nek Aeks peeb

nllnawoksek uns Elnwco sebs" nx ce lu}nef uns ce}e xsoc ddf seaekqddwcna+ Jes}eb`ce aebcs

pddw ce lu}nef pok ce ]qowse ]ee,weand ek Kddwcddxs Suwfnme *Owcojok,Ydxd`.+ Jes }nmk cokddf ce}e weandx cne nf aexebehseewc joc pddw jes pebcdkcew}def cos nf aecuwekce ce

pddwgnme }dlew *mukn,mubn 79??. jeg aepdewc+

Ce wduse gnkkek Suwfnme pewbney obx pdbas *}ne foows.=

ce qexsfuxs *ce Eaexhje weand. les okoffobe" N}lnw" Lnbox ek Lubo

jes Okosdbnxhje gnkkekbokc les pok qexs koow ddxs Elnwco *ywdpnkhne O`~dk." Fwejnw ek

Xnpox

ce kddwcwokc *jes ]qowse ]ee,aegnec. les Anwexuk" Swog}dk" Wn}e ek Owspnk

jes unsewxse ddxsek gnm ce awekx les Aedwan ek Owlekn *Owcojok ek Fowx.+


17/34

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Gexsellnkaek

Ce Eaexhje ]ee

Ce qexsfuxs pok Suwfnme" }nhj unsxsweffekc sek kddwcek ek }uncek pok N}lnw" ce cewce

awddsxse xsoc pok Suwfnme" nx eek xlebsfwdex pok pewxhjnbbekce nkpbdecek+ Ce}e weand jee`s

eek aexhjneceknx obx `wdks suxxek dkcew okcewe ce Awnefxe" Wdlenkxe" Yew}nxhje ek Suwfxe

gexhjopnkaek6 ce Awnefxe nkpbdec xswefs }nhj dpewnaekx uns sds nk ce sqnksnaxse eeuq" sds

qokkeew ce kneuq dyaewnhjse Suwfxe weyugbnef jes aegnec ce`nknsne` pewdpews ek Awnefekbokc

ek Suwfnme juk qecew}nmcx nk cnoxydwo bepekce bokcaekdsek les ebfoow unsqnxxebek+ Poko` cos

ldleks geadk sepekx ce gnkkekbokcxe lnawosne pokuns Ddxs, koow Qexs,Suwfnme" aesunae ce

pebe obepnesek" Fdewcek ek okcewe Suwfek uns jes ddxsek cne nk N}lnw ek dlxswefek eek kneuq

bepek aepdkcek jeggek d` kda }defek+

Qos ce pdbfxlu}nef geswe`s" pewpubs ce xsoc N}lnw ce wdb pok hubsuweeb hekswul" les dkcew

okcewe joow 89+999 xsuceksek sebbekce uknpewxnsens" cne ddf eek hdkxewposdwnul jee`s les

eek Suwfxe lu}nef ek pdbfxcokx,o`cebnka+ Nk N}lnw fok me cux ce leew ohocelnxhje

gekocewnka pok Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nef sewuapnkcek *}dobx poof nesqos o`xsokcebnmf ek aeydbnmxs."

kooxs ddf awddsxsecebnmfe loknèxsosnex pok pdbfxlu}nef" cne aecdlnkeewc qdwcek cddw

nkpbdecek pok qexsewxe ydylu}nef dy jes pbof pok lu}nfoob ncnddl" nkxswuleksownul ek

lecnoaegwunf+Gunsek N}lnw jee`s ebfe ywdpnkhne ek }eb`x xsoc d` cdwy nk ce Eaexhje weand joow enaek

hubsuwebe ek lu}nfobe fowofsewnxsnefek" cne poof kda jeeb pnsoob ookqe}na }nmk+ Ebfe yboosx

jee`s qeb joow enaek weandkoob pdbfxlu}nefweyewsdnwe" cos unsaepdewc qdwcs gnm geyoobce

aebeaekjecek" dy ce aeyoxse nkxswuleksek ek cddw ce munxse yewxdkek+ Cne aebeaekjecek

fukkek pwnm cnpewx }nmk" }dqeb nk`dwleeb *ae}ebbna xolek}nmk les pwnekcek d` òlnbne. obx

`dwleeb *eek juqebnmfx, d` pewbdpnkaxèexs" eek gexknmceknxèexs" pewswef koow jes beaew".+

Ce lnk d` leew swocnsndkebe nkxswuleksek cne nk ce Eaexhje weand se pnkcek }nmk" }nmk ce

gobolo *bokajobxbuns." ce copub}uwko *ook gence }nmcek gexyeebce awdse swdl xhjeb

gbooxnkxswuleks les cuggeb wnes. ek ce pnddb *}dkcew fnk, d` xhjducewxsuf" nk obsewkosnepe

xsellnka ek jdwn}dksoob d` pewsnfoob gexyeebc.+ Dy pewxhjnbbekce `dwlebe aebeaekjecek


18/34

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qdwcek ce copub ek }uwko gexyeebc" ek qeb cddw eek xyehnobe fboxxe pok ywdèxxndkebe

lu}nfoksek" ce Wdlo *cns qox seklnkxse jes aepob nk ce ywdpnkhne Lubo.+

Jdeqeb ebfe yboosx joow enaek ohheksek beas" nx ce pdbfxlu}nef ek cokx pok ce aejebe

Eaexhje weand dkcew k kdelew sewua se gwekaek" kolebnmf ce }e~gef,hubsuuw+ Cns nx

ehjsew eek geawny cos knes }d aeloffebnmf se possek nx+ Jes nx pewgdkcek les eek hubsuuw pok

wegebbek ek xswnmcewx *nk ebf aepob ldecnae jebcek." cne dyswocek obx pewseaekqddwcnaewx pok

jes pdbf snmcekx ldenbnmfe yewndcex pok dkcewcwuffnka d` ddwbda+ Ce eèx *ce jddaxsek nk

woka. ek ce }e~gefx *juk jebyewx. jnebcek }nhj xhjunb nk ce gewaek" qos jek sds eek xddws pok

auewwnbbox loofs+ Ce boosxse feew cos ce eèx ek }e~gefx juk loosxhjoyyebnmfe wdb

pewpubcek" qox snmcekx ce Suwfxe gepwnmcnkaxddwbda ko Qewebcddwbda N+ Ce xsosnae" xsdewe

}e~geflu}nef ek cokx jee`s eek jeeb enaek fowofsew" aefeklewfs cddw eek swooa d`

aelosnac selyd nk eek loos pok *leexsob. > sebbek+ S~ynxhje geqeankaek pok ce cokx" k

dy ebfe seb" }nmk jes ookkelek pok pdaebohjsnae jducnkaek les aexywence owlek" cddw ce

fknek }offek" aejuwfs ?:9 cwoonek ek sewua" wehjspewek ek qeaxywnkaek" dy k geek

wdkccwoonek ek cewaebnmfe leew+ @nauwek cne juk ddwxywdka }ducek fekkek nk ce bepekxqnm}eek wnsuebek pok ce }e~gefx+

Elnwco

Elnwco qox lnxxhjnek qeb ce gexsellnka nk Suwfnme qoow nf jes leexs gekneuqc koow qox+

Qesekce cos ce gepdbfnka pok cns xsocme aebeaek nk jes qexsek pok Hekswoob,Okosdbn snmcekx

ce }dlewpofoksne unsgwencs pok 79+999 koow jes snekcuggebe coowpok" ek cos pok ce hnwho

?5+999 Suwfek nk Aeks ce leewcewjenc pok coow o`fdlxsna nx" qdwcs cns qeb eek jeeb

webepokse hdksezs dl ce webosne les ce Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nef nk ce cnoxydwo se gexsucewek+


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Elnwco gexsoos uns eek fbenke xsocxfewk dlaepek cddw yboseoux" jeupebx ek gewaek ge}oonc

les nk sdsoob eek 19,sob cdwyek+ Ce leexs ousjeksnefe pdwlek pok pdbfxlu}nef bepek

unsewoowc nk ce}e cdwyek" jdeqeb jes cuncebnmf nx cos ce}e lu}nef pddw eek awdds ceeb sds jes

pewbecek gejddws ek pddwob nk xsokc aejducek qdwcs cddw ce ducewek cne }nhj cddw ce}e

lu}nef se }nkaek juk mdkaewe mowek jewnkkewek+ Ce leexs ousjeksnefe pdbfxlu}nef pok

Elnwco }nmk ce bnecewek cne o hoyebbo ae}dkaek qdwcek cddw juk hdlydknxsek }eb`=

aeqdke lekxek cne bnecmex loofsek gnmpddwgeebc dl jes qewf se pewbnhjsek *lokn." dl dpew

juk pewbne`cjenc se pewsebbek seaek juk pwnekc*nkk.ek *swf." d` dl se wduqek gnm ce cddc

pok eek gefekce *os" nk Elnwco ddf fogo jopo aekdelc.+ Ce mdkaewe aekewosnex fekkek

ce}e ywofsnmfek pok nlywdpnxosne ek pdbfxe hdlydxnsne knes leew" loow jehjsek kda qeb peeb

geboka ook jes gebunxsewek ek unspdewek pok *ek cokxek dy. jes gexsookce weyewsdnwe pok

pdbfxlu}nef enaek ook Elnwco" gnmpddwgeebc snmcekx èexsmex dl geyoobce aegeuwseknxxek se

pnewek" xolek}nmk les pwnekcek" juqebnmfxèexsek" d``nhnbe aegeuwseknxxek }dobx

o`xsuceewpnewnkaek e+c+l+ Jes swocnsndkebe weyewsdnwe qdwcs dy cne aebeaekjecek xseepoxs nk

eek jecekcooax moxme aexsdfek" les eek cdlnkoks aegwunf pok fe~gdowcx" ookaepubc lesokcewe ebefswdknxhj pewxsewfse nkxswuleksek *leexsob gobolo.+ Nesx swocnsndkebewe" lnkcew

cddw ydylu}nef gekpbdece" unspdewnkaek pok jes}eb`ce weyewsdnwe qdwcek kda cddw ekfebe

Elnwcobbow nk xsokc aejducek" cddw ce lu}nef se }nkaek ek seaebnmfewsnmc se geaebencek dy

ce *dkpewxsewfse. gobolo+

Gejobpe cddw ce ducewe lekxek" cne juk lu}nef ku leexsob }nkaek gunsek ce

ddwxywdkfebnmfe hdksezs ek }dkcew ce ddwxywdkfebnmfe ùkhsne" qdwcek swocnsndkebe unsnkaek

pok pdbfxlu}nef nk Elnwco kda cddw ce pdbaekce awdeyek nk xsokc aejducek=

?. Ce ogcobx= eek xddws xdhnobe fboxxe" pewaebnmfgoow les ce Wdlo pok Qexs,Suwfnme" cne ce

wdb pok lu}nfoks nk ce loosxhjoyynm uoxn pdbbecna dy }nhj keels" ek gesoobc qdwcs dl

cnpewxe aebeaekjecek pok ce yoxxekce lu}nef se pddw}nek+ Juqebnmfxèexsek lofek jesgebokawnmfxse ceeb pok juk qewfpebc uns" loow }e qdwcek ddf aepwooac dy sob pok okcewe

èexsek ek pnewnkaek" }dqeb nk òlnbnepewgokc obx coowgunsek+ Ce lu}nef cne }e unspdewek

feks eek swocnsndkeeb aeceebse nk ce pdwl pok copub aehdlgnkeewc les fbownkes *cne nk

Elnwco ce yboosx bnmfs nk se kelek pok ce }uwko." loow coowkooxs xyebek }nm jes weyewsdnwe nk

ce xsnmb cne ce meuac yweèweews *h`w+ xuywo.+

7. Ce ofx= cnhjsew,lu}nfoksek cne gecwepek }nmk nk nlywdpnxosne pok ook ce ohsuobnsens pok

jes ldleks pewgdkcek sefxsek cne }e wehjsxsweefx pok eek lebdcne ek eek geaebencnka dy

ce gobolo pddw}nek+ Dy cne loknew }nmk ofx nk ènse eek xddws hdlydknxsek" cne lu}nef

hdlydkewek }dkcew }e dy yoynew se }essek+ Pebe ofx nk Suwfnme jeggek eek obepnsnxhje

*xmnnsnxhje. ohjsewawdkc" ek aegwunfek lu}nef poof obx eek pdwl pok aegec cns nx ddf jes

aepob pddw of ^dfxub Cewpn *Owle Cewqnxm. pok Fowohobow,cdwy pok Elnwco" eek gefekce

of cne ceebkeels ook ofèxsnpobx nk jeeb Suwfnme ek eek jebe gdefekybokf cnhjsgukcebx dy

}nmk kool jee`s xsook+

Eek boosxse huwneu}e qoks qebbnhjs ddf gnmko les unsxsewpek gecwenace unsnka pok

Elnwco,pdbfxlu}nef nx ce lu}nef cne ce xhjooyjewcew dy }nmk `bunsme xyeebs" nk ce}eb`ce

eekpducnae xsnmb ek les ce s~ynxhje lebdcnxhje ldsnepek cne }d feklewfekc }nmk pddw obbe

ehjse pdbfxe lu}nef pok ce}e gnm}dkcewe yboosx+


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Fwejnw

Fwejnw nx eek yboosx qoowook me knes pddwgnm fok aook obx me ce pdbfxlu}nef gexsuceews cne

webepoks nx pddw ce Suwfxe cnoxydwo *nk Aeks.+ Ce}e xsoc ek dlaepnka nx dpewnaekx webepokspddw neceweek cne dy eek d` okcewe loknew les Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nef ge}na nx" d` jes ku

gnkkek d` gunsek Suwfnme nx+ Jes nx ce xsoc pok Kees Ewso ek qnmbek }nmk pocew Lujowwel"

kolek cne cddw ce Fwejnwbnbew ek gnm unsgwencnka obbe Suwfek cne juk pdbfxlu}nef lnkxsekx

eek geesme aekeaek }nmk" les wexyehs ek bne`ce unsaexywdfek qdwcek Pocew ek }ddk Ewso

gejdwek sds ce fboxxe pok ce ogcobx" cne nk Hekswoob,Okosdbn ywehnex ce}eb`ce xdhnobe wdb

pewpubbek obx nk Elnwco jes aepob qox" kolebnmf ce lu}nfobe gejde`sek pok ce lekxek

nkpubbek gnm cnpewxe aebeaekjecek" ywnpoos cok qeb dyekgoow+ Ce}e wdb qdwcs nk Fwejnw ek

dlaepnka kda obsnmc unsaepdewc cddw becek pok ce Ewso,òlnbne ek pewxhjnbbekce okcewe

ogcob,òlnbnex" jdeqeb Kees }eb` jes kexs obboka dkspbdaek nx ek ùwdwe aeloofs jee`s nk

Suwfnme ek Euwdyo obx }okaew pok ce cnoxydwo *jnm jee`s 89 moow nk Cunsxbokc aeqddkc.+ ]nmk

xsnmb nx nksekx ek eldsndkeeb" ek cwoons wdkc ce *pewxsewfse$ebefswd,.gobolo" cne pnwsuddx ce

hdlybeze" yoffekce ae}dkaek lebdcnek dlxyeebs+

Sqee aekwex s~yewek ce Fwejnwxsnmb gnm unsxsef=

?. ce gd}bof" eek jowspewxhjeuwekc fbooabnec dpew dkldaebnmfe bne`ce d` okcewe dk}obnae

aegeuwseknxxek cne eek nkcnpncu d` pdbf dpewfdlek" aefeklewfs cddw eek bokae lebdcnxhje

bnmk nk pwnm leswul" cne jdda geanks ek xbnkaewekc o`coobs koow ce cneyxse sdkek6

7. ce cokxlu}nef *d~uk jopobow. cne poof eek beyebcokx nx *fof d~uku. ek ehjs dy}qeyekc

nx les }nmk ekewanefe weaeblosnae sqeefqowsxloos+ Lujowwel ek coowko Kees Ewso jeggek

ce}e aekwex sds eek jdda knpeou aesnbc ek jes bnmfs qeb obxd` neceweek nk Fwejnw ewnk gewuxs


21/34

7?

cos }nm ce ubsnele xsnmb dksqnffebc jeggek" qoks obbe lu}nfoksek pok jdda sds booa bnmfek

xbehjsx sds cdeb se jeggek juk lu}nef }d adec ldaebnmf se nlnsewek+

Kees Ewso weyewsdnwe" fbokfncnddl ek unspdewnkaxxsnmb }nmk obdlseaekqddwcna ek cos loofs

cos ew qenkna wunlse dpew nx pddw obsewkosnepe unspdewnkaek pok swocnsndkebe Fwejnwlu}nef+

Cne pnkcek qe ekfeb kda sewua nk ce swocnsndkebe copub,}uwko,unspdewnkaek pok ce ogcobx

*qoowdkcew gnmpddwgeebc ddf ce jobo~" eek okcewe cokxpdwl" yboosxpnkcs." ek kosuuwbnmf nk ce

o hoyebbo,}oka pok oloseuwx" cne jnew kes obx nk Elnwco poof gnm}dkcew aepdebnae enaek

dkaexhjwepek hdlydxnsnex sek aejdwe gwekaek+ Les juk koofse xsellek ek xnlyebe

lebdcnek eek lddn seaekqnhjs pddw ce poof gowdffe lonkxsweol unspdewnkaek pok

Fwejnwlu}nef qoowgnm ce gobolo fdknka nx" ek okcewe nkxswuleksek }dobx ce pnddb"

cowgufo" beyebx ek okcewe yewhuxxne,nkxswuleksek" jnewpok sek cnekxse xsook+

Xnpox

Jes nx dl sqee cuncebnmfe wecekek cos nf Xnpox" aebeaek nk ce ddxsebnmfe jeb`s pok Okosdbn"

joc sdeaepdeac ook jes bnmxsme pok se ge}defek gexsellnkaek= jes nx ce ywdpnkhne qoow Of

Pe~xeb" ce gewdelcxse ek aebne`cxse of cne Suwfnme ce pddwgnme eeuq aefekc jee`s" pok

o`fdlxsna qox" ek jes nx eek hekswul pok obepnxle ek obepnsnxhje lu}nef *ek ce ywdpnkhne

pok o`fdlxs pok eek pok ce gebokawnmfxse obepnsnxhje l~xsnefe cnhjsewx uns jes pewbecek" Ynw

Xubsok Ogcob.+

Ddf Of Pe~xeb joc eek obepnsnxhje ohjsewawdkc" loow }nmk aecnhjsek ek lu}nef jeggek eek

uknpewxebe ooksweffnkaxfwohjs cne neceweek bnmfs ook se xywefek+ Pe~xebx ew`eknx bee`s }efew

kda pewcew nk ce xsoc ek ce ywdpnkhne Xnpox" loow knes nk cne lose obx jes aepob qox gnm KeesEwso nk Fwejnw+ Ce ofswocnsne }eb` nx ehjsew kda jeeb gebokawnmf nk Xnpox" aesunae dkcew


22/34

77

leew ce ookqe}najenc pok eek ofpeweknanka nk jes hekswul pok ce xsoc+ Xnpox nx ddf ce

eknae yboosx qoow nf sds ku sde eek pwduqebnmfe of jeg fukkek dksldesek ek ge}na }nek+ Ce

ofswocnsne bee`s kda pddws nk Suwfnme" loow jee`s knes leew ce xdhnobe ùkhsnex cne jes

pwdeaew joc+ Jes nx ku eek eknax}nkx aexsokcoowcnxeewce fukxspdwl aeqdwcek" les peeb

poxse weaebx" cuncebnmfe hoseadwnek ek jokcnae swuhx ek xswoseanek" eek fukxspdwl cne

unsaepdewc qdwcs gnkkek gexsookce ofpeweknankaek d` ho`x *sjeejun}ek. d` dy

aedwaoknxeewce èxsnpobx d` sdwkddnek+ Knesselnk nx jes aeek aeloffebnmfe fukxs cne kda

xseecx eek hdlgnkosne pok pewxhjnbbekce sobeksek pewenxs= fukkek }nkaek ek gobolo xyebek"

ce bdfobe ofxsnmb pok yd}ne ek lu}nef fekkek ek oc jdh *nlywdpnxewekc. fukkek

sdeyoxxek" aepdeb pddw juldw jeggek ek nksebbnaeksne ge}nssek"

Pebe ofx }nmk obepnsnxhj" loow knes obbeloob" ek }e }ubbek jes }efew knes obbeloob sdeaepek+

Obepnesek jeggek jes kda xseecx ldenbnmf dl eek pdbqoowcnae yboosx nk ce Suwfxe

loosxhjoyynm se pewfwnmaek" obx xmnnsnxhje lnkcewjenc nk eek pddwkolebnmf xdekknsnxhj bokc

*ho 79 lnbmdek dy eek nkqdkewxooksob pok 15 lnbmdek.+ Nk jes obepnxle nx lu}nef eek hekswoob

aeaepek" }e gexhjduqek ce gobolo d` xo} }eb`x obx sebbn fuwok *fdwok les xkowek.+ Snmcekxjuk aegecxcnekxsek *ce hel" unsaepdewc nk xyehnoob coowpddw aegduqce helepnx. keels

jes goboloxyeb ek ae}oka eek ywdlnkekse yboosx nk" epekobx eek l~xsnefe hnwfebekce cokx

cne unsaepdewc qdwcs cddw ce aebdd`xaeleekxhjoy= ce xeloj+ Nk ce}e lu}nef qdwcs pddwob

Obn ge}dkaek" ce kee` ek xhjddk}ddk pok ce ywdèes Ldjollec" ek Obnx }ddk Jdxxenk" ce

awddsxse lowseboow pok jes xmnnxle+

Ce ]qowse ]ee

Jes ]qowse ]ee,aegnec qdwcs aefeklewfs cddw eek gnm}dkcew bokcxhjoy *gewaek pbof kooxsce }ee. ek cnsd fbnloos *ybdsxe o`qnxxebnkaek pok }dkknae qowlse ek fnb weaekqeew.+ Ce}e


23/34

78

dlxsokcnajecek" xolek les ce kognmjenc pok pewxhjnbbekce awek}ek *Owlekn" Aedwan ek

O}ewgenc}mok. ek ce ookqe}najenc pok jes Bo},pdbf ek pwdeaew ce Awnefek" jeggek eek awdse

nkpbdec aejoc dy ce pdbfxlu}nef, ek cokxpdwlek pok ce xsweef+ Pddwob jes

nkxswuleksownul qdwcs ewcddw aesefekc= ce feleke *pewsnfoob gexyeebc xswnmfnkxswuleks

les cwne xkowek. pewsddks aebnmfeknx les eek Awnefx nkxswuleks6 ce ohhdwcedk ek

ldkcjowldknho jeggek qoowxhjnmkbnmf pno ce Wuxxnxhje nkpbdecxxèwek juk nkswece aecook6

ek ce le~ ek gobogok *hnbnkcwnxhje gbooxnkxswuleksek les cuggeb wnes. }nmk nkxswuleksek cne

nk jes Foxynxhje ]ee,aegnec aegwunfs qdwcek+ Qos jes leexs s~yewekce nkxswuleks pok ce

xsweef geswe`s kooxs ce feleke " ce subul d` cdeceb}of" jnewpok nx jes lnkcew cuncebnmf

bokax qoow ek jde jes nk Suwfnme sewehjsaefdlek nx+ Qoowxhjnmkbnmf nx ddf cns nkxswuleks cddw

ce Awnefek aelydwseewc+ Poxs xsoos ehjsew cos cns dkaebdd`bnmf bunce ek cddwcwnkaekce

nkxswuleks adec ùkhsndkeews nk eek dlaepnka pok" bosek qe }eaaek" eek }dlewxe

gewaqence+ Ek cos jes aexhjnfs nx dl dy se cokxek+

Ce swocnsndkebe cokx pok ce ]qowse ]ee nx ce jdwdk" eek gnm}dkcewe wnm, d` hnwfebcokx cne

aefeklewfs qdwcs cddw xkebbe" kewpeu}e geqeankaek" xsolyek les ce pdesek" dy ek keewxywnkaek" xhjuccek les ce xhjducewx" Geqeankaek cne pdbaekx jes pewjoob juk ddwxywdka

}ducek pnkcek nk ce dwnankebe ùkhsne pok ce cokx= }nhj}eb` dyqowlek nk jes ae}ebxhjoy pok

pwnekcek+ Ce gnmjdwekce lu}nef nx epekeekx kewpeux" d` nx jes aeqddk ekewanef" aefeklewfs

cddw pbneaekxpbuaae lebdcnek cne ewa hdlybez }nmk cddw jes aegwunf pok dkweaeblosnae

loosxddwsek+ Aepwooac koow jes qoowdl pok ce}e lu}nfobe xsnmb" nx jes oksqddwc pok jes

lu}nfoksek xseepoxs cos me nk jes ]qowse ]ee,aegnec ku eekloob obbex xkeb ldes cdek"

dlcos me dy ebf ldleks eek dkpewqohjse ybekxgun dy me jdd`c fok fwnmaek/


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Owcojok ek Fowx

Owcojok ek Fowx }nmk sqee cukgepdbfse ywdpnkhnex jebeloob nk jes ddxsek pok Suwfnme"

aefeklewfs cddw qencxe" abddnekce awoxbokcek" ob cok knes ge}oonc les peebfbeuwnae

gbdelek+ Eek dlaepnka cne qeb ewa cdes cekfek ook ce Hekswoob,O}nosnxhje xseyye cne ce

jenlos qox pok ce Suwfxe pdbfewek+++ Ce ywdpnkhne Owcojok *seaek Aedwan. jee`s peeb

elnawosne aefekc" pokuns jes xsocme Ydxd` ddf koow Aeks+ Ce ookawek}ekce ywdpnkhne Fowx

*seaek Owlekn. nx ddf uoxn jebeloob beeaaebdyek" loow ce}e xsoc jeg nf ge}dhjs dlqnbbe

pok }nmk weyusosne obx xsoc pok ofx+

Unsenkcebnmf gbeef jes solebnmf ldenbnmf dl ce ofx pok Fowx se pnkcek" sewqnmb qe ew nk

Owcojok aeloffebnmfew seaek jes bnm` bneyek" les kole nk jes cdwy bcw+ Qos ce ofx pok

ce}e weand cdek" nx awdsekceebx jes}eb`ce obx qos qe ookswd``ek nk Elnwco gnm ^dfxub Cewpn

ek nk Xnpox nk ce ofpeweknanka+ Obbeek }nmk ce lebdcnxhje ldsnepek ek }nkkek jnew eek

geesme okcewx ek beuks ce xsnmb pok ce yd}ne leew ook gnm ce Nwookxe ek O}ewnxhje xsnmb *ddfqos geswe`s unsxywoof.+ Cns aebcs dpewnaekx pddw obbe lu}nef pok ce}e xsweef" epekobx pddw ce

cokxxsnmbek" cne kewaekx }d dy ce Nwookxe xsnmb befek obx jnew+

Les Fowx fqol ew eek enkce ook lnmk ueexse koow ce ohsuebe xsosux pok ce Suwfxe

pdbfxlu}nef nk Suwfnme+ Leew cok ?99 anaog~se ook pnced, ek oucnd,dykolex" sneksobbek

dgxewposnex ek nksewpneqx" ek eek xhjwn`sme pdb ook kdsnsnex qohjsek ku dy *xebehsne ek cok.

okob~xe


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Ceeb 5= Gesefeknxxek ek ùkhsnex *Suwfnme.

Cwne lu}nfobe aegeuwseknxxek

Xnsuosne ?= Eek lookcoakolnccoa nk Xupewle} *Elnwco.

Ekfebe nkqdkewx pok Xupewle}" eek cdwy dy ekfebe fnbdlesewx pok Elnwco,hekswul" pew}olebek

}nhj dkcew nlyubx pok juk cdwyxjdd`c *lujsow. nk ce qddkfolew pok k pok jek+ Jes ae}ebxhjoy"

cos jes }nhj aeloffebnmf loofs nk aewne`bnmfe }esebx wdkcdl ce xobdksoèb" gexsoos jdd`c}ofebnmf uns

ducewe pwduqek" xolek les qos pwduqek pok lnccebgowe bee`snmc ek mdkaewe lenxmex" obbeloob

òlnbne ek pwnekcnkkek+ Xbehjsx k pwduq jee`s joow lok leeaegwohjs+

Les sqee pncedholewox cne jek nk jes pn}new jducek" sqee dykoleoyyowosek cne ebf aebuncme

weanxswewek ek gdpekob sqee aegweffna Suwfx xywefekce gunsekbokcewx cne jek pdb pewqohjsnka}nssek ook se fnmfek" }nmk dk}e }okaewexxek bdanxhjewqnm}e qos dkqekkna nk jes geank+ Aebuffna

qdwcs obbex dy dpewsunaekce qnm}e aefocewc cddw juk pewswduqce lujsow" cne cwne pwduqek ek k

lok les qos ezswo ookldecnanka ob aouq }d pew fok gwekaek cos }e ce bne`cexbnecmex *swfx"

loknx. ek sweuw}okaek *osx. uns juk meuac geankkek se wehnsewek+ Ywohjsnae sefxsek obbeloob" ek

qokkeew }e unsenkcebnmf ddf ehjs ook jes }nkaek xbook qdwcs jes jebeloob adec+ Ce eke aee`s ce

okcewe ldec" ek ko eek snmcme cuw`s }eb`x ce eknae lok uns jes ae}ebxhjoy jes ook dl les swnbbekce

loow fwohjsnae xsel }nmk bnec se }nkaek" seklnkxse }dboka }nmk pwduq jes sdeboos= qebbnhjs uns

dkaewuxsjenc cos ce eldsnex }nmk }qoffe jows òsoob }ubbek qdwcek" boos }e jel ko eek yoow xswdèx

ob dyjducek les ce xuxxekce qddwcek ~esew" ~esew *cos nx aekdea" cos pdbxsoos.

Cos jes jek adec cdes dl ce}e lu}nef" cne }e }eb` aeloofs jeggek ek cne }d kouq pewgdkcek nx

les nkawnmyekce aegeuwseknxxek uns juk *boka pewpbdaek. bepek" kda eekx d` }eb`x pddw jes eewxs/

pddw ebfoow se gwekaek" nx pok juk ae}nhjsek o` se be}ek+ Jes ae}ebxhjoy nx cuncebnmf nk }nmk xhjnf" ek

neceweek keels ceeb ook jes aegeuwek cddw ebfoow se gehdlleksownwek" ook se ldecnaek" eek

geesme se yboaek" se bohjek d` se junbek obx jes yoxs" loow gdpekob cddw les awdse ookcohjs se

bunxsewek+

Cos }e }nhj ddf gequxs }nmk pok dk}e wdb" gbnmfs uns juk gbnf cne pddwscuwekc koow gepexsnanka }defs"

ce jddaxsyewxddkbnmfe unsbea cne }e dkx *xdlx nk ce pdwl pok eek ldkdbdda. aepek ek pddwob ce

ezybnhnese qekx cos qnm ce sefxsek cne }nm }nkaek nkseawoob kdsewek" nesx qos qebbnhjs kda kddns

eewcew nk juk aexhjneceknx aegeuwc nx+


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Xnsuosne 7= Eek qeefekc nk Luhuw ek Gd}seye *Fwejnw.

Jes nx pwnmcoalnccoa" jes nceobe ldleks dl eek cwne coaek cuwekc swduqèexs nk aoka se }essek+

Qe gepnkcek dkx nk Gd}seye" eek cnxswnhs pok Fwejnw" cos kes obx Luhuw eek bokcebnmfe xèew

unsxswoobs+ Obbex xsoos fboow" dy gence bdhosnex ]dqeb gnm ce gwunc obx gnm ce gwunceadl xsook ew

awdse seksek les soèbx ek xsdebek dyaexsebc dy xswoos pddw jes junx" sewqnmb ew dy jes ew` ddf eek

nkxsobbosne pddw ce lu}nfoksek pddw}nek nx" ek dpewob yboxsnh xsdebsmex pewxywenc xsook+ Aecuwekce ce

cwne coaek pok jes èexs }ob ew jeeb qos dpew ek qeew aewecek qdwcek cddw ce òlnbnex" cne dygeyoobce ldleksek unsaekdcnac qdwcek cddw ce xhjddkòlnbne" sewqnmb ce wexs pok ce snmc gnkkek

ce enaek òlnbne cddwaegwohjs qdwcs+ Gence òlnbnex gexhjnffek dpew cwne lu}nfoksek= eek cud cos

copub ek }uwko xyeebs ek pddw ce swocnsndkebe kdds }dwas dy gebokawnmfe ldleksek ek gnm jes

owwnpewek pok kneuqe aoxsek" ek eek dkpewldengowe obbwdukc lu}nfoks cne obbe ookqe}naek

aecuwekce cwne coaek ldes eksewsonkek les weandkobe cokxlu}nef unsaepdewc dy xo}

aehdlgnkeewc les fe~gdowc ek }oka+ Gence copub,}uwko,cudx }nmk ogcobx *eek xddws xyehnobe

xdhnobe fboxxe cne ce lu}nfobe gejde`sek pok ce lekxek pewpubs." ek nk ènse xen}dekowgencewx cne

snmcekx ce }dlew pok ]unc, koow Hekswoob,Suwfnme pewjun}ek dl dy ce sobbd}e swduqèexsek ce

lu}nef pok ce xsweef se fdlek xyebek+ Ce ogcobx jobek juk nkfdlek pddw eek awdds ceeb uns ce

`ddn pok ce èexsaokaewx" cne }e cok ddf *xbehjsx. }d boka geaebencek obx kdcna nx dl }e juk

ydwseèunbbe se bosek gdpekjobek+ Ce okcewe lu}nfoksek qdwcek adec gesoobc pddw juk qewf loow

cwoonek bokae coaek les juk eeklokx,ekxelgbe cos aeek ldleks wuxs aeaukc qdwcs+

Jde }nes jes pewbddy pok }dk cwne coaek cuwekc swduqèexs nk Hekswoob,Okosdbn ew ku uns4

Dy pwnmcoa pnewek ce gence òlnbnex eewxs oyows èexs" sewqnmb ew jeeb qos qdwcs oàecokxs" aegoggebc"

aeaesek *dy ebf ldleks pok ce coa fukkek kneuqe aoxsek eek loobsnmc fwnmaek. ek aecwdkfek

*aeek obhdjdb.+ x Opdkcx nx ce òlnbne pok ce gwunc *aebnk. unsaekdcnac gnm ce òlnbne pok ce

gwunceadl *colos. dl ce swocnsndkebe n f`se *eek aewehjs pok wouq aejofs. se fdlek esek+

Snmcekx jes gewencek pok ce n f`se nx ew swduqekx ddf yboosx pddw ousjeksnefe pdbfxlu}nef= ce

pwduqek dkcew ebfoow }nkaek cok xyehnobe swocnsndkebe bnecmex *loknx.+


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Ce }osewcoa nx eek gebokawnmfe coa" qoowdy x kolnccoax ce knok swekn *pewbdpnkaxheweldkne.

aejducek qdwcs ek x opdkcx ce fko aehexn *jekkokohjs. yboosxpnkcs+ Snmcekx ce

pewbdpnkaxheweldkne fdls ce òlnbne pok ce gwunceadl koow ce xhjddkòlnbne dl ce aexhjekfek

ook jes fdyyeb se aepek" nk jes gnm}nmk pok ce guwaeleexsew ek aeyoowc aookc les ce kdcnae

wepdbpewxhjdsek+ Kocnek pewyboosxek gence òlnbnex }nhj koow jes sewwenk pok ce gwunceadl" dl }nhjx opdkcx kda eekloob nk fdkpddn wnhjsnka òlnbne gwunc se geaepek" pddw ce òleu}e jekkokohjs+

Cns nx eek nksnel ldleks qoowgnm ce lu}nef epek xsdys ek yboosx loofs pddw jes swocnsndkebe

ae}oka pok ce lenxmex cne ce jekko ookcwoaek ek dy ce jokcek pok jes fdyyeb ookgwekaek" ekfeb

pewbnhjs cddw foowxek *ek ce `bnsxek pok ce `dsdsdexsebbek cne kewpeux swohjsek obbex poxs se beaaek.+

Coowko aoos jes èexs qeew cddw }dobx sepdwek" sds dl 73u obbex qdwcs genkcnac+

Seklnkxse" pddw ce leexse aoxsek+ Ce gexse pwnekcek pok ce pocew pok ce gwunc }nmk nllewx kda

unsaekdcnac pddw eek xbooylusxme= eek jeuxe wof,opdkc les le}}e+ Ce soèb ek xsdebek xsook ob

fboow nk ce sunk" ek ce le}}e qdwcek ob aouq ookaegwohjs cddw ce pwduqek pok ce òlnbne" cne

ehjsew knes lee ookxhjunpek" loow juk dkcewdkxme nk ce feufek jducek+ Nf gek cux *}dobx qeb

pofew snmcekx cns dkcew}def. ce eknae pwduq nk jes ae}ebxhjoy Ce lu}nfoksek pok cnekxs }nmkunsewoowc ddf pok ce yowsnm" ek xyebek ku peeb aepdebnaew cok snmcekx jes loxxo,èexs+ Ce eldsnex

boonek poof jdda dy" ddf dkcew nkpbdec pok ce obhdjdb" ek leknae lok boos }nmk swokek ce pwnme

bddy" knes nk jes lnkxs ce pocew cne }nmk cdhjsew ce pdbaekce coa }ob ldesek oàepek+ Ew nx ehjsew

ddf peeb wunlse pddw ybe}new ek gbnmcxhjoy" }dobx sds unsnka fdls nk ce pwdbnmfe cokxek" ce sobwnmfe

ldyyek cne aesoys qdwcek ek ce awoyynae" hweosnepe loknewek dl `ddn se pwoaek ek se aepek+

Ce pdbaekce ek boosxse coa" ce }dkcoa" nx jes cok ewkxs+ Ce xhjddkòlnbne aee`s x dhjsekcx

ywexeks gnm ce òlnbne pok ce gwunc" ek qeb les loow k cdeb= ce gwunc leekelek koow joow

kneuqe qddkxs+ Eek jebe weefx wnsuebek yoxxeews ce wepue" dkcew leew jes poxsjducek pok eek

xyneaeb ek jes junbek cddw ce òlnbne pok ce gwunc pddwcos }e leeaepdewc qdwcs nk jes bunc

sdesewekce fdkpddn pok qoaekx pok ce xhjddkòlnbne+ Eekx ookaefdlek gnm joow kneuqe sjunx"qdwcs ew kda eek poox xsufaeaddnc dy ce awdkc" qdwcek ew gbdelgboocmex dyaeaddnc" jokcek

aefuxs pok ducewek" eek fny dksjdd`c ek joow gbdec dy jes pddwjdd`c pok ce gwunc ookaegwohjs+

Ko kda eek fdwse cokx" geaebenc cddw ce nklnccebx oàeyenaewce lu}nfoks" aoos jes fdyyeb jes

junx gnkkek" qos jes enkce gesefeks pok jes bokae juqebnmfxèexs+


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Xnsuosne 8= Eek cdkcewcoalnccoa nk Xnpox

Qe gepnkcek dkx dy ce eewxse pewcneynka pok eek aegduq nk jes cwuffe hekswul pok Xnpox" nk eek

lddn nkaewnhjs bdfoob les eek jdusek pbdew" gokfek gefbeec les swocnsndkebe fuxxekx" soèbsmex les

cnsd soèbfbeecmex ek dkaebdd`bnmf peeb `dsdx ek o``nhjex ook ce luuw+ Aeek aeqdke wunlse" ek aeek

aeqdke ùkhsne= jes gdwcme gdpek ce ceuw pewlebcs Ofbow pe jobf d~ukbow cewken d` Of, ek

pdbfxcokxaekddsxhjoy+ Cwne lokkek }nssek fboow les juk xo} nk ce jokc+ Cwne pewxhjnbbekce s~yex=

k les gwnb ek xkdw nk eek aexsweeyse ydbd" k les awnm}e jowek ek eek ce`snaewe pexs" ek ceboosxse les cdkfew}qows aepew`ce xkdw ek joow ek eek fkobwd}e jelc+ ]e }nssek fboow dl ekfebe

dkcewcebek pok ce of, ek d}okswocnsne uns se pdewek+ Colyekce abooxmex sjee qdwcek ookaepdewc

pddw jes jebe ae}ebxhjoy pok ofx" d}okx" cnhjsewx" bewoowx ek ce pddw}nssew pok jes aekddsxhjoy"

dykneuq unsxbunsekc lokkebnmf+++

Jes ywdawollo xsows les eek ooksob }ebàexhjwepek swfx *pdbfxbnecewek nk eek geyoobce pdwl.+

Ce cwne lu}nfoksek qnxxebek ebfoow jnewgnm o` ek dkcewxseukek ebfoow cddw }ohjsmex lee se }nkaek+

Jes yugbnef bunxsews ookcohjsna ek boos o` ek sde }nmk nkxsellnka gbnmfek cddw lee se }nkaek d` se

oyyboucnxxewek+ Ko ce swfx fdls ce sobolo *bessewbnmf xseknanka. d` oslo *gefpehjsek. ook

ce geuws" qoowgnm jes ce gecdebnka nx dl ce seaekxyebew dy juldwnxsnxhje qnm}e lu}nfoob ce awdkc

nk se gdwek+ Cns aegeuws unsewoowc pdbfdlek nlywdpnxosdwnxhj" ek poof qdwcs ew eek ook}es aeaepek

cddw nelokc uns jes yugbnef" cne eek geyoobc pewx obx geankyuks ookgnecs d` eek sjelo obx wdce

cwooc pddwxsebs+ Ce ofx aepek jes gexse pok }nhj}eb`" ek }nkaek ek xyebek nk juk yewxddkbnmfe xsnmb"

cne cddw jes yugbnef ddf jewfekc ek aeoyywehneewc qdwcs+ Ce d}ok nk jes ae}ebxhjoy keels aeek

ceeb ook ce dyqnkcnka" jnm gwekas wuxsna eek kneuqe }ebàexhjwepek swf *d}okx qdwcek knes

pewdkcewxsebc se fukkek nlywdpnxewek.+ Obx boosxse dkcewceeb qdwcs ew eek pddwgeebc pok beg

cele} aeaepek *ce bnyyek ldaek ebfoow knes wofek." qoowgnm eek xddws koobc suxxek ce bnyyek

aexsdfek qdwcs" }dcos jes dkldaebnmf qdwcs dl geyoobce lecefbnkfewx se aegwunfek+ Ddf jnew

qeew fok jes yugbnef yowsnhnyewek ek eek unscoaekce dyaope aepek+

Cddw ob ce}e dkcewcebek pok ce fukxs pok jes of,xhjoy nk ce gexbdsek fwnka pok jes aekddsxhjoyse dkcewjducek ek se yewèhsndkewek" lofek ce ofx }nhj fboow dl }nhj se ywd`nbewek dy ce ydcno


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7>

pok aedwaoknxeewce of,èxsnpobx" qoowook hdbbeaox uns obbe jdefek pok Suwfnme ek xdlx ddf uns jes

gunsekbokc ceebkelek+ Dy cne loknew qdwcs eek gebokawnmf ceeb pok ce Suwfxe lu}nefhubsuuw

bepekc aejducek+

Gesefeknxxek ek ùkhsnex

Snmcekx lnmk pebcqewf nk Suwfnme jeg nf 89 lu}nfobe loknèxsosnex *aegeuwseknxxek d` xnsuosnexqoownk Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nef eek wdb xyeebs. pdbbecna aeweanxsweewc ek gexhjwepek+ Gnm 79 pok ce 89

loknèxsosnex jeg nf ddf eek nksewpneq oàekdlek pok ce lu}nfoks*ek." gnm 1 sepekx pok eek

yewxddk cne gnm jes aegeuwek ookqe}na qox *yugbnef. ek gnm 8 ddf pok ce yewxddk cne ce

lu}nfoksek unsaekdcnac joc *dycwohjsaepew.+ Eek pok ce cdebxsebbnkaek gnm cns obbex qox koaook

qebfe ùkhsnex ek gesefeknxxekSuwfxe pdbfxlu}nef jecek sek coae kda jee`s nk Suwfnme+ Jes}eb`ce

dkcew}def ek ce}eb`ce lesjdce qnb nf kocnek ddf sdeyoxxek dy ce Aeksxe cnoxydwohdksezs+

]dobx uns ce 8 gdpekxsookce xhjesxek pok lu}nfobe loknèxsosnex gbnmfs" fukkek ce hdksezs ek

aebeaekjenc qoownk pdbfxlu}nef nk Suwfnme aegwunfs qdwcs" xsewf pewxhjnbbek+ Xnsuosne ? qox eek }eew

nksnele hdksezs *eek junxfolew ek eek yugbnef pok pewqoksek ek pwnekcek. ek aebeaekjenc *jes

jewgebepek ek cebek pok jddaxsyewxddkbnmfe aepdebekx uns jes pewbecek pno }ebàeloofse aecnhjsmex

ek bnecmex.+ Ce yewxddkbnmfe ek xdhnobe ùkhsne bnmfs jnew cux jes awddsxs" loow ew nx }efew ddf eek

gebokawnmfe hubsuwebe hdlydkeks= jes pddws}essek ek cddwaepek pok ousjeksnefe swocnsnex pok juk

weand *Xupewle},Elnwco.+

Jes sqeece pddwgeebc xnsueewce }nhj ddf nk ce ywnpxèew" loow cnekce eek cuncebnmf cdeb= jes

pnewek pok eek gebokawnmfe aegeuwseknx nk jes bepek pok ce lekx" kolebnmf jes juqebnmf+ Ce

gebokawnmfxse ùkhsne pok ce unsaepdewce lu}nef qox cux jes dkcewxseukek pok ce}e xdhnobe ek

yewxddkbnmfe aegeuwseknx" cne ehjsew ddf geyoobce webnaneu}e *xynwnsuebe" wnsuebe. ek hubsuwebe

*poxsjducek ook swocnsnex. hdlydkeksek jee`s+


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Ce cewce xnsuosne qox peeb ezybnhnesew hubsuweeb aewnhjs= jes unspdewek ek bosek pddwsbepek pok

gexsookce hubsuwebe swocnsnex pok Suwfnme+ Kooxs jes hubsuwebe nx jnew ddf jes xdhnobe oxyehs

gebokawnmf= ofx xyeebcek pwdeaew eek gebokawnmfe loosxhjoyyebnmfe wdb *obx eksewsonkewx"

kneuqxgwekaewx ek ldwebe d` `nbdxd`nxhje woocaepewx.+ Cne ùkhsne nx seaekqddwcna nesqos unsaejdbc

dlcos ce yboosx pok ce of nk ce jecekcooaxe loosxhjoyynm pewokcewc nx" loow jebeloobpewcqekek nx jnm }efew knes+ Ce kocwuf bnmfs seaekqddwcna qeb leew dy jes dkcewjducekce oxyehs se

bnaaek+

Uns okob~xe pok obbe cewsna gexhjwepek loknèxsosnex gbnmfs cos jes dpewawdse lewekceeb pddwob eek

xdhnobe d` yewxddkbnmfe ùkhsne jee`s *leew cok ce jeb`s }eb`x unsxbunsekc." sewqnmb k cewce ce

xdhnobe ùkhsne ceebs les eek hubsuwebe ùkhsne+ Ce dpewnae loknèxsosnex jeggek eek aehdlgnkeewce

webnaneu}e ek hubsuwebe ùkhsne+

Ddf uns ce nksewpneqx les ce geswdffekek *lu}nfoksek" yugbnef" dycwohjsaepew. fqol jes awdse

dpewqnhjs ook xdhnobe ek yewxddkbnmfe ùkhsnex cuncebnmf koow pddw+ Ce hubsuwebe ùkhsne qewc

pewlebc nk ce jeb`s pok ce aepobbek6 ce webnaneu}e ùkhsne gnm 7 xnsuosnex+ Weaeblosna qewc ew ddfaeqoa aeloofs pok eek okcewe ùkhsne" cne pokuns jes xsokcyuks pok ce lu}nfoksek pewswefs= ce

ywdèxxndkebe ùkhsne *jes unspdewek pok Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nef obx eek ywdèxxndkebe cooc" obx mdg

dl aebc se pewcnekek.+

Aepwooac koow ce gesefeknx ek ùkhsne pok ce unsaepdewce lu}nef nk ce wexyehsnepebnmfe xnsuosnex"

aopek ce geswdffekek oksqddwcek cne nk ce}eb`ce bnmk bnaaek= ce xdhnobe ek yewxddkbnmfe ùkhsne

qewc jes poofxs dkcewxsweeys" sewqnmb ce hubsuwebe ùkhsne ddf poof gekocwufs qewc+ Ce

ywdèxxndkebe ek webnaneu}e ùkhsne fqol lnkcew poof ook gdc" loow coowkooxs fqolek qeb eek

exsjesnxhje ek eek ydbnsnefe ùkhsne koow pddw+

Eek yenbnka koow ce gesefeknx pok Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nef nk jecekcooax Suwfnme" bepewce aebnmfoowce

nk}nhjsek dy= jes poofxs qdwcs ce xdhnobe ek yewxddkbnmfe ùkhsne ookaejoobc" coowko fdls cehubsuwebe ùkhsne ook ce geuws" ek sekxbdsse pdbaek kda ce exsjesnxhje" ywdèxxndkebe ek webnaneu}e

ùkhsnex+

Ce}e wexubsosek aepek ce qoowce ek wdb pok pdbfxlu}nef nk ce Suwfxe loosxhjoyynm pok pokcooa

ook+ Uns lnmk *gexhjencek. dkcew}def fdls cuncebnmf koow pddw cos pdbfxlu}nef jecek sek coae

pddwob pdbcdes ook xdhnobe ek eldsndkebe gejde`sek pok ce lekxek+ Jes unscwuffek ek dywdeyek

pok aepdebekx" aecohjsek ek gebepeknxxek" jes gnecek pok oluxeleks ek pewxswddnnka" jes

dkcewxseukek pok nksewlekxebnmfe webosnex *dkcewjducek pok pwnekcxhjoyyek ek òlnbnegokcek. ek

jes geaebencek pok gebokawnmfe ldleksek nk jes bepek *ebfe aegeuwseknx qdwcs pddw}nek pok cemunxse lu}nef. }nmk ce leexs pddwfdlekce ùkhsnex+ Dy eek okcew knpeou pewpubbek unspdewnkaek pok

pdbfxlu}nef geyoobce hubsuwebe gejde`sek pok ce lekxek" les kole jes pewcew}essek ek

cddwaepek pok swocnsnex uns ce Suwfxe ek$d` weandkobe hubsuuw" swocnsnex cne eek gebokawnmfxse wdb

xyebek nk jes dygduqek pok juk nceksnsens+

Nk eek pdbaekc owsnfeb }ob nkaeaook qdwcek dy ce xnsuosne gnkkek ce Aeksxe cnoxydwohdksezs+

Gekneuqc nk jdepewwe ce ùkhsnex ek gesefeknxxek pok Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nef nk Aeks yowobbeb bdyek

les cne nk Suwfnme+++

Ceeb 0= Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nef=


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gesefeknxxek ek ùkhsnex *Aeks.

Jes boosxse owsnfeb" eek kneuq jdd`cxsuf nk jes dkcew}def

Jes boosxse owsnfeb nk ce weefx Xnkcx loows 79?? jeggek qe epek xsnbaexsook gnm jes hdkheys

Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nef" jee`s u eek obaeleek dpew}nhjs pok ce Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nef nk Aeks

aefweaek" nx jnewuns eek hdkhwees pddwgeebc aebnhjs nk ce yewxddk pok @of Eceew" jee`s u fekknx

fukkek lofek les ce pdbfxlu}nef }dobx cne ku kda nk geyoobce xswefek pok Suwfnme bee`s" ek nx eek

snyme pok ce xbunew dpew joow gesefeknxxek ek ùkhsnex dyaebnhjs+ Ce unscoanka nx ku dl ce

gesefeknxxek ek ùkhsnex pok Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nef nk dkx enaekxse Aeks se dkcew}defek+ Aeks pdwls

dpewnaekx eek gnm}dkcew nksewexxokse hoxe nk ce xsucne pok Suwfxe lu}nef nk ce cnoxydwo" cokf}nm

ce gebokawnmfe Suwfxe ookqe}najenc nk ce xsoc }dqeb uo ooksob obx uo ohsnpnsens+

Snmcekx ce pddwgnme cwne moow jeg nf eek bokae weefx bnpe,unspdewnkaek pok Suwfxe pdbfxlu}nef

gnmaeqddkc nk Aeks" }dqeb nk ce pdwl pok `dwlebe yugbnefe dyswecekx" obx nk ce pdwl pokxydksoke" nk`dwlebe unspdewnkaek" ywnpèexsek" bexxek e+c+ Kooxs lnmk enaek nlywexxnex qowek

nk`dwlebe aexyweffek les lu}nfoksek ek okcewe geswdffekek xseecx pok awdds geboka nk jes

nksewywesewek pok ce}e aegeuwseknxxek+ Eek x~xselosnxhje" lesjdcnxhje ookyof gek nf ehjsew yox

poko` ce}e }dlew geankkek aegwunfek" snmcekx lnmk pewgbnm` nk Suwfnme+ Ce leew cok 89 lu}nfobe

aegeuwseknxxek cne nf coow fdk dgxewpewek" jeg nf obbeloob dy aexswuhsuweewce loknew ek sds nk ce

cesonbx gexhjwepek" sewqnmb nf pno nksewpneqx ddf sebfekx yenbce koow ce gesefeknx cne ce lu}nfoksek

ek okcewe geswdffekek }eb` ook ce aegeuwseknxxek aopek+ Ce}e lesjdce bepewce nksewexxokse

wexubsosek dy *}ne pddwaookc owsnfeb pddw eek xullnewe qeewaope coowpok. ek ce}eb`ce loknew pok

qewfek yox nf xnkcx lnmk sewuafeew ddf nk Aeks sde+ Dlcos nf sds ku sde kda loow eek cwnesob

lu}nfobe aegeuwseknxxek pdbaekx cns x~xseel jeg gexhjwepek" xso nf kda loow ook jes geank pokqos k pok ce gebokawnmfxse dkcewcebek pok lnmk cdhsdwoosxdkcew}def ldes qdwcek+ Sdhj qnb nf

awooa ob cebek qos nf sds ku sde aebeewc jeg

Cwne lu}nfobe aegeuwseknxxek

Xnsuosne ?= eek }dkcoakolnccoa nk dfsdgew dy ce Aeksxe Pwnmcoalowfs

Eek awdds ydcnul xsoos dyaexsebc dy ce Pwnmcoalowfs" jes ybenk nx dlaepek cddw qnsse seksmex ek nk

ce jdef xsoos eek xywnkafoxseeb pddw ce fnkcmex+ Eek xswobekce jew`xs}dk pewqowls jes ybenk ce jebe

kolnccoa ek opdkc+ Pddw jes eewxs pnkcs jes Hubsuweeb @eexs *Fbsw bekn. nk Aeks yboosx" kocos

ce Suwfxe Ukne pok Geban eek cewaebnmf nknsnosne` ce pddwgnme mowek ob nk ekfebe okcewe xsecek joc

aedwaoknxeewc+ Ce Suwfxe Ukne jee`s eek jebe joyyeknka dyae}es" les eek adecaepubc ywdawollo

cos eek xsoobfoows gnecs pok qoow ce peweknankaek gnkkek ce Ukne }dob lee ge}na }nmk+ Pddw ce}e

Aeksxe ecnsne swecek pddwob *Suwfxe. Aeksekoowx ek Aeksxe awdeyek dy" loow ew }nmk ddf

Artikelenreeks Turkse Volksmuziek de Centrale 2011-2012

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