28 november 2019 Long term intensive antithrombotic ... · Key Inclusion & Exclusion Criteria...

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Long term intensive antithrombotic treatment: double antiplatelet therapy Ron Peters 28 november 2019

Transcript of 28 november 2019 Long term intensive antithrombotic ... · Key Inclusion & Exclusion Criteria...

Page 1: 28 november 2019 Long term intensive antithrombotic ... · Key Inclusion & Exclusion Criteria PEGASUS TIMI 54 KEY INCLUSION • Age ≥50 years • PLUS at least 1 of the following:

Long term intensive antithrombotic treatment:

double antiplatelet therapy

Ron Peters

28 november 2019

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Disclosure belangen spreker – Prof.Dr.R.J.G.Peters

WCN 28 november 2019 Double Antiplatelet Therapy

(potentiële) Belangenverstrengeling Geen.

Voor bijeenkomst mogelijk relevante relaties met bedrijven

Sponsors-

• Sponsoring of onderzoeksgeld

• Honorarium of andere (financiële) vergoeding

• (Geen andere relaties)

Research grants:

•Philips

•Weight Watchers

Consultancy fees:

-

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Bonaca M et al. N Eng J Med 2015;372:1791-800

PEGASUS Primary Endpoint

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Key Inclusion & Exclusion Criteria PEGASUS TIMI 54

KEY INCLUSION

• Age ≥50 years

• PLUS at least 1 of the following:

• Age ≥65 years

• Diabetes requiring medication

• 2nd prior MI (>1 year ago)

• Multivessel CAD

• CrCl <60 mL/min

• Tolerating ASA and able to be

dosed at 75-150 mg/d

KEY EXCLUSION

• Planned use of P2Y12 antagonist,

dipyridamole, cilostazol, or anticoagulants

• Bleeding disorder

• History of ischemic stroke, ICH, CNS tumor

or vascular abnormality

• Recent GI bleed or major surgery

• At risk for bradycardia

• Dialysis

• Severe liver disease

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Bonaca M et al. N Eng J Med 2015;372:1791-800

Primary Endpoint

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PEGASUS TIMI 54 NEJM 2015

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Primary Efficacy Outcome (MI/Stroke/CV

Death) by Category of Inclusion

*All patients received ASA 75-162 mg/day

Placebo + ASA*

5.5%

Multiple Risk Factor (N=3,284)

Clopidogrel + ASA*

6.6%

RRR: -20% [95% CI: -58.8%, 9.3%]

p=0.20

Pri

mary

ou

tco

me e

ven

t ra

te (

%)

0

2

4

6

8

10

Months since randomization

0 6 12 18 24 30

Qualifying CAD, CVD or PAD (N=12,153)

Clopidogrel +ASA*

6.9%

Placebo + ASA*

7.9%

RRR: 12.5% [95% CI: 0.2%, 23.2%]

p=0.046

Pri

ma

ry o

utc

om

e e

ve

nt

rate

(%

)

0

2

4

6

8

10

Months since randomization

0 6 12 18 24 30

Bhatt DL. Presented at ACC 2006.

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• Stoppen met roken OR 0,57

• Goede voeding OR 0,52

• Lichaamsbeweging OR 0,52

Chow CK, Jolly S, Rao-Melacini P, Fox KA, Anand SS, Yusuf S. Association of diet, exercise, and smoking modification with risk of early cardiovascular events after acute coronary syndromes. Circulation 2010;121:750–758.

Effect van leefgewoonten:

Kans op recidief binnen 6 maanden

na opname voor acuut coronair syndroom:

OASIS 5 studie (n=18.809)

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• Nederlandse deelnemers (n=700)• meting 1,5 jaar na ontslag wegens ACS• 82% van patienten nog bij cardioloog

• 77% overgewicht BMI >25• 29% obesitas BMI > 30• 78% abdominaal overgewicht (94 en 80 cm)• 43% diabetes volgens WHO• 20% bekend met diabetes• 16% rookt• 50% RR > 140 mmHg• 40% LDL > 2,5 mmol/L (richtlijn CVRM 2011)• 79% LDL > 1,8 mmol/l (richtlijn ESC 2012)

Secundaire preventie in EUROASPIRE 3

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Kaasebrood L., et al Circulation. 2016;134:1419–1429

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SMART cohort, 2nd prevention

• In patients with various manifestations of vascular

disease, median 10-year risk of a recurrent major

vascular event was 17% (interquartile range, 11%–28%),

varying from <10% in 18% to >30% in 22% of the

patients.

• If risk factors were at guideline-recommended targets,

the residual 10-year risk would be <10% in 47% and

>30% in 9% of the patients (median, 11%; interquartile

range, 7%–17%).

Kaasebrood l., et al Circulation. 2016;134:1419–1429

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10 Farmacologische opties voor lange termijn

secundaire preventie, plus aspirine

1. Doorgaan met DAPT (tica, clopi) ?

2. Toevoegen rivaroxaban ?

3. Toevoegen canakinumab CRP?

4. Toevoegen colchicine CRP?

5. Toevoegen evolocumab/alirocumab LDL

6. Toevoegen anacetrapib LDL?

7. Toevoegen inclisiran LDL

8. Toevoegen isosapent ethyl trigl, RR?

9. Toevoegen SGLT2 remmer NTproBNP?

10.Toevoegen GLP1 agonist glucose?

• Op geleide van risicoschatting (‘residual risk’):– Kwantitatief

– Kwalitatief

marker

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Original Article

Low-Dose Methotrexate for the Prevention of Atherosclerotic Events

Paul M Ridker, M.D., Brendan M. Everett, M.D., Aruna Pradhan, M.D., Jean G. MacFadyen, B.A., Daniel H. Solomon, M.D., Elaine Zaharris, B.A., Virak Mam, B.S.,

Ahmed Hasan, M.D., Yves Rosenberg, M.D., Erin Iturriaga, M.S.N., Milan Gupta, M.D., Michelle Tsigoulis, Subodh Verma, M.D., Michael Clearfield, D.O., Peter

Libby, M.D., Samuel Z. Goldhaber, M.D., Roger Seagle, M.D., Cyril Ofori, M.D., Mohammad Saklayen, M.D., Samuel Butman, M.D., Narendra Singh, M.D., Michel

Le May, M.D., Olivier Bertrand, M.D., James Johnston, M.D., Nina P. Paynter, Ph.D., Robert J. Glynn, Sc.D., for the CIRT Investigators

N Engl J MedVolume 380(8):752-762

February 21, 2019

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vraagtekens

• Bescheiden behandeleffecten (hoge NNT)

• Gemiddelde risico’s in populaties

• Gemiddelde behandeleffecten in populaties

• Geselecteerde populaties

• RCT vs cohorten

• Veel individuele determinanten van risico niet bekend

• Nadelen van polyfarmacie

• Beperkingen aan therapietrouw

• Beperkingen aan betaalbaarheid

16

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NACCE at 1-Year Follow-up(All-cause death, any MI, stroke, or major bleeding)

• Follow-up rate:

99.3% for CP and TP

CHANGE DAPT

Von Birgelen et al EuroIntervention. 2017 Nov 20;13(10):1168-1176

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JAMA 2016;315: 1735-49

Risicoschatting kwantitatief

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Nieuwe opties voor lange termijn secundaire preventie

voorkomen van sterfte, infarct, beroerte

• Doorgaan DAPT (tica) DAPT score <2 153 3

• Doorgaan DAPT (tica) DAPT score ≥2 34 3

• Doorgaan DAPT (clopidogrel) 200 2,5

• Toevoegen rivaroxaban 77 2

• Toevoegen canakinumab 33 3,5

• Toevoegen colchicine 62 2

• Toevoegen evolocumab/alirocumab 63 4

• Toevoegen anacetrapib 100 4

• Toevoegen Isosapent ethyl 20 5

• Toevoegen inclisiran ? ?

NNT, jaren

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U weet meer dan de calculator

• Leeftijd

• Vitaliteit

• Therapietrouw

• Streefwaarden gehaald (LDL, bloeddruk)?

• Lp(a)

• T2DM: DAPT score, GLP1 agonist indicatie?

• CHF: GLP2i indicatie?

• Coronaire anatomie, stents, grafts, advies interventiecollega

• Bloedingsneiging

• Voorkeur van de patient

• Familie anamnese

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82 jaar

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82 jaar

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Vein graft failure Stented left main bifurcation

‘DAPT’ for life? ‘DPI’ for life?

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Figure 1. Photomicrographic cross section of human coronary plaque rupture (PR), thin-capped fibroatheromas (TCFA),

and fibroatheromas (FA) with varying degree of luminal stenosis

(A–C). PR with mild, moderate, and severe luminal stenosis, respectively. Nonocclusive thrombus (Thr) is observed in the

microphotograph A, whereas occlusive Thr is occupying the lumen in B and C.

D, E, and F, TCFA with mild, moderate, and severe luminal stenosis, respectively. Necrotic core (NC) is covered by a thin fibrous

cap, and Thr is not present in the lumen.

G, H, and I, Stable plaque or FA with mild, moderate, and severe luminal stenosis, respectively. The size of necrotic core is

relatively small when present, and calcification (Ca++) is frequently seen.

Narula J, et al. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013; 61:1041–1051.

Thrombotic risk varies widely among CAD patients.

Thin cap

Stable plaque

Thrombus

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Individualisering, kwalitatief

• Doorgaan DAPT rokers?

• Toevoegen rivaroxaban (jonge leeftijd?)

• Toevoegen canakinumab CRP ↑

• Toevoegen colchicine CRP ↑

• Toevoegen evolocumab/alirocumab LDL ↑

• Toevoegen anacetrapib HDL ↓

• Toevoegen Isosapent ethyl trigl↑, Hypertensie

• Toevoegen inclisiran LDL ↑

categorie

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Smoking stimulates platelet activation and aggregation

Ex vivo platelet thrombus formation on porcine arterial media

Hung et al. Circulation. 1995;92:2432–2436

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COMPASS: rivaroxaban 2,5 mg or placebo o.t.o. aspirin

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The Doctor, Sir Luke Fildes, 1891

Tate Gallery

‘Personalised Medicine’

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Conclusies

• Grote individuele verschillen in ‘residual risk’

• Slechts een deel daarvan is meetbaar

• U weet meer dan de calculator

• Grote NNT bij gemiddelde studiepopulaties

• RCT ≠ iedereen

• Bij veel patiënten is de standaard medicatie voldoende

• Maatwerk is nodig, bespreken met patiënt

• Is de angel eruit?

• Betrek de leefgewoonten in de evaluatie

• Doe meer aan de leefgewoonten

• NB: Na enkele jaren heroverwegen

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Kortste versie, 2019:

• Doe eerst de gewone dingen heel goed, inclusief

leefgewoonten

• Bij geselecteerde patiënten is er een reden om meer te

doen. Documenteer, evalueer periodiek.

• Huidige opties:

– tica 2 x 60 mg of clopi 1 x 75 mg toevoegen: DAPT

– rivaroxaban 2 x 2,5 mg toevoegen: DPI

– PCSK9 remmer toevoegen