Post on 22-Jan-2018
Herstel van gedegradeerde landbouw gronden tot
productieve ecosystemen: Voedselbossen in internationaal perspectief
Roos Nijpels en Maaike Hendriks
Larenstein 28 november 2015
Onderwerpen
• Een belangrijke uitdaging• Het verschil dat Analog Forestry heet• Forest Garden Products Certificering• Stappenplan, kosten en opbrengsten• Twee voedselbossen in aanleg in Nederland
Veel herstelplannen slaan de plank mis
Veel
herbebossings-programmas
zien niet in dat de optimalie
biodiversiteit van een
(tropisch) bos voor slechts
1% uit bomen
bestaat.
What is Analog Forestry?
Analog forestry is an ecological restoration tool that helps to restore the life support systems of the planet – represented by
healthy, biodiverse ecosystems
Restoring the planet’s life-support systems.
Restoring the planet’s life-support systems.
Planting forests that are similar in architectural structures and ecological functions to the original
climax forest.
Analog Forestry
History
Restoring the planet’s life-support systems.
• Initially practiced in Guatemala and California in the 1970s
• Based on the traditional ‘home gardens’ of tropical Asia
• Concepts were tested on the ground in Sri Lanka in 1983
• The International Analog Forestry Network was created in 1996 to develop and popularize the AF model
Restoring the planet’s life-support systems.
1. Record the structure of the natural forest with the help of a physiognomic formula
2. Mapping and ecological evaluation of the degraded area that shall be reforested
The Analog Forest way
Variables for constructing Physiognomic Formula of Vegetation.
• A. Growth Form Categories• • Basic Growth Forms ( Tree) :• • Broadleaf Evergreens B• Broadleaf Deciduous D• Needleleaf evergreen E• Needleleaf Deciduous N• • Special Growth Forms (non Tree)• • • Palms P• Climbers (Lianas) C• Succulent plants (Cactacae etc) K• Rhizomatous plants (Heliconia etc) R• Rosette plants (Agave,,Bromilia etc) S• Bamboos V• Ferns F
• Epiphytes X• Lichens, Mosses L• Parasites M
• Graminoids (Grasses) G• Forbs/low bushes (annuals) A• Forbs/low bushes (perennials) H
• Leaf Characteristics• Leaf texture • Hard h• Soft s• Succulent k • Leaf size • Large (over 12.5 cms) l• Medium ( 12.6-7.5cms) m• Small (7.6-2.5cms) w• Nannophyll (under 2.5cms) t • Leaf Surface • Hairy e• Smooth f• Coarse g • B. Structural Categories • Height Class• 9 = Greater than 35m• 8 = 25-35m• 7 = 15-24m• 6 = 10-14m• 5 = 5-10m• 4 = 2-5m• 3 = 0.5-2m• 2 = 0.1-0.5m• 1 = less then 0.1m • Coverage • Coverage class• Continuous (over 75 %) c• Interrupted (50-75 %) i• Patchy (25-50%) p• Rare (6-25%) r• Sporadic (1-6%) b• Almost absent (<1%) a
Principle 1 Observe and record
Examples of Formula
Example 1B7cdm, B6izn, B6idm, B6rdg; H2c, H2-6r, L2-7c; S2-6c; E2-7i; P6i
Example 2B8rdm, B7idm, B6idg, B5rdg; H2c; S2-6i; L2-6c; T8c, E7-8h; S3h
Once an understanding of the components of the ecosystem in question is gained, it is possible to evaluate the species within it in terms of the management goals.
Principle 2 Understand and Evaluate
Data Base exercise to determine species ecological functions and s tructuresName Scientific Name Human Use Ecological
functionsRoot
systemGrowth form Micro-
habitatPropagation
Manzanatropical
Syzgiummalacense
Edible/construction
Birds/insects Deep Overstory Tree shade Seed;germination15 dias
Platanillo Hiliconiaceae sp Floral Birds, reptiles Superficial Low growth humidity Seeds,rhizomes
Durian Durio zibethinus Edible/construction
Birds/mammals
Deep Irregular Tree shade Seed,grafting
Restoring the planet’s life-support systems.
3. Use a database to find out about the properties of the plants you want to grow
4. Design your food forest
The Analog Forest way
Design(Map)
Structure(Formula)
Function(Database)
Restoring the planet’s life-support systems.
12 Analog Forestry Principles
7. Be guided by the landscape
4. Identify levels of yield
1. Observe and record
2. Understand and evaluate
3. Know your land
9. Use ecological processes
5. Map flows and reservoirs
8. Follow ecological succession
12. Respond creatively
6. Reduce external inputs
10. Value Biodiversity
11. Respect maturity
Certification
• The Forest Garden Products certification standard markets products derived from Analog Forestry
• Producers adhere to organic en Fair Trade principles while increasing biodiversity
Restoring the planet’s life-support systems.
De werkwijze
• Analyse• Ontwerp
• Business plan• Implementatie en monitoring
• Training• Certificatie
• Link met de markt
Monocultuur thee (10 hectares)
Year Cashflow Net profit
0 € (12) -
1 € 274 € 274
2 € 325 € 331
3 € 376 € 383
4 € 427 € 434 5 € 478 € 485
6 € 528 € 535
7 € 579 € 586
8 € 629 € 636
9 € 679 € 686
10 € 729 € 736
11 € 778 € 786
12 € 827 € 836
13 € 877 € 885
14 € 926 € 934 15 € 974 € 983
Expected return (in thousands)
Berekeningen voor 10 hectaresFGP plantage
Expected return (in thousands)
Year Cashflow Net profit0 (77.620)€ -1 (2.886)€ (1.686)€ 2 1.214€ 553€ 3 872€ 214€ 4 17.021€ 16.365€ 5 35.011€ 34.359€ 6 55.116€ 54.466€ 7 53.787€ 53.140€ 8 90.050€ 89.406€ 9 117.496€ 116.855€
10 148.448€ 147.810€ 11 147.119€ 146.484€ 12 151.302€ 150.670€ 13 152.089€ 151.461€
14 156.650€ 156.026€ 15 157.603€ 156.982€
En U?
Wilt u ook bijdragen aan een productiemodel waarbij •natuur en economie hand in hand gaan?•internationale markten én lokale markten bereikt worden?•En (h)eerlijke producten geconsumeerd kunnen worden?
Neem dan contact met ons op!
info@richforests.orgMaaike Hendriks en Roos Nijpelswww.richforests.org Ook op Facebook en Twitter