Rich Forests 28 nov van Akker naar Bos

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Transcript of Rich Forests 28 nov van Akker naar Bos

Herstel van gedegradeerde landbouw gronden tot

productieve ecosystemen: Voedselbossen in internationaal perspectief

Roos Nijpels en Maaike Hendriks

Larenstein 28 november 2015

Onderwerpen

• Een belangrijke uitdaging• Het verschil dat Analog Forestry heet• Forest Garden Products Certificering• Stappenplan, kosten en opbrengsten• Twee voedselbossen in aanleg in Nederland

Degradatie

Is vrijwel altijd te wijten aan

splitsing Natuur en Productie

Ontbossing voor landbouw

Monocultuur productie

Mijnbouw

Bosbouw (houtproductie)

Een mooie uitdaging: integratie van productie en biodiversiteit

In de natuur neemt de biomassa over de tijd vanzelf toe

Veel herstelplannen slaan de plank mis

Veel

herbebossings-programmas

zien niet in dat de optimalie

biodiversiteit van een

(tropisch) bos voor slechts

1% uit bomen

bestaat.

Analog Forestry (links: 90% exoten) bootst het natuurlijk bos na (rechts: 100% native species)

Analog Forestry

Honduras

Analog Forestry in Kameroen

5 jaar verschil

Van conventionele Thee Sri Lanka

Naar Forest Garden Thee

(www.beautifullnow.is)

Koffieplantage

Koffie in agroforestry systeem

(www.flickr.com)

Koffie in Kameroen

Koffie met bosbessen, bananen en cola noten

Cacao

(www.nuevomundoexpeditions.com)

Cacao in Sri Lanka

What is Analog Forestry?

Analog forestry is an ecological restoration tool that helps to restore the life support systems of the planet – represented by

healthy, biodiverse ecosystems

Restoring the planet’s life-support systems.

Film: introduction to Analog Forestry

Restoring the planet’s life-support systems.

Planting forests that are similar in architectural structures and ecological functions to the original

climax forest.

Analog Forestry

History

Restoring the planet’s life-support systems.

• Initially practiced in Guatemala and California in the 1970s

• Based on the traditional ‘home gardens’ of tropical Asia

• Concepts were tested on the ground in Sri Lanka in 1983

• The International Analog Forestry Network was created in 1996 to develop and popularize the AF model

The Analog Forest way

Restoring the planet’s life-support systems.

Restoring the planet’s life-support systems.

1. Record the structure of the natural forest with the help of a physiognomic formula

2. Mapping and ecological evaluation of the degraded area that shall be reforested

The Analog Forest way

Variables for constructing Physiognomic Formula of Vegetation.

• A. Growth Form Categories• • Basic Growth Forms ( Tree) :• • Broadleaf Evergreens B• Broadleaf Deciduous D• Needleleaf evergreen E• Needleleaf Deciduous N• • Special Growth Forms (non Tree)• • • Palms P• Climbers (Lianas) C• Succulent plants (Cactacae etc) K• Rhizomatous plants (Heliconia etc) R• Rosette plants (Agave,,Bromilia etc) S• Bamboos V• Ferns F

• Epiphytes X• Lichens, Mosses L• Parasites M

• Graminoids (Grasses) G• Forbs/low bushes (annuals) A• Forbs/low bushes (perennials) H

• Leaf Characteristics• Leaf texture • Hard h• Soft s• Succulent k • Leaf size • Large (over 12.5 cms) l• Medium ( 12.6-7.5cms) m• Small (7.6-2.5cms) w• Nannophyll (under 2.5cms) t • Leaf Surface • Hairy e• Smooth f• Coarse g • B. Structural Categories • Height Class• 9 = Greater than 35m• 8 = 25-35m• 7 = 15-24m• 6 = 10-14m• 5 = 5-10m• 4 = 2-5m• 3 = 0.5-2m• 2 = 0.1-0.5m• 1 = less then 0.1m • Coverage • Coverage class• Continuous (over 75 %) c• Interrupted (50-75 %) i• Patchy (25-50%) p• Rare (6-25%) r• Sporadic (1-6%) b• Almost absent (<1%) a

Principle 1 Observe and record

Examples of Formula

Example 1B7cdm, B6izn, B6idm, B6rdg; H2c, H2-6r, L2-7c; S2-6c; E2-7i; P6i

Example 2B8rdm, B7idm, B6idg, B5rdg; H2c; S2-6i; L2-6c; T8c, E7-8h; S3h

Once an understanding of the components of the ecosystem in question is gained, it is possible to evaluate the species within it in terms of the management goals.

Principle 2 Understand and Evaluate

Data Base exercise to determine species ecological functions and s tructuresName Scientific Name Human Use Ecological

functionsRoot

systemGrowth form Micro-

habitatPropagation

Manzanatropical

Syzgiummalacense

Edible/construction

Birds/insects Deep Overstory Tree shade Seed;germination15 dias

Platanillo Hiliconiaceae sp Floral Birds, reptiles Superficial Low growth humidity Seeds,rhizomes

Durian Durio zibethinus Edible/construction

Birds/mammals

Deep Irregular Tree shade Seed,grafting

Restoring the planet’s life-support systems.

3. Use a database to find out about the properties of the plants you want to grow

4. Design your food forest

The Analog Forest way

Design(Map)

Structure(Formula)

Function(Database)

Restoring the planet’s life-support systems.

12 Analog Forestry Principles

7. Be guided by the landscape

4. Identify levels of yield

1. Observe and record

2. Understand and evaluate

3. Know your land

9. Use ecological processes

5. Map flows and reservoirs

8. Follow ecological succession

12. Respond creatively

6. Reduce external inputs

10. Value Biodiversity

11. Respect maturity

Restoring the planet’s life-support systems.

Forest products

Certification

Restoring the planet’s life-support systems.

Certification

• The Forest Garden Products certification standard markets products derived from Analog Forestry

• Producers adhere to organic en Fair Trade principles while increasing biodiversity

Restoring the planet’s life-support systems.

De werkwijze

• Analyse• Ontwerp

• Business plan• Implementatie en monitoring

• Training• Certificatie

• Link met de markt

Monocultuur thee (10 hectares)

Year Cashflow Net profit

0 € (12) -

1 € 274 € 274

2 € 325 € 331

3 € 376 € 383

4 € 427 € 434 5 € 478 € 485

6 € 528 € 535

7 € 579 € 586

8 € 629 € 636

9 € 679 € 686

10 € 729 € 736

11 € 778 € 786

12 € 827 € 836

13 € 877 € 885

14 € 926 € 934 15 € 974 € 983

Expected return (in thousands)

Berekeningen voor 10 hectaresFGP plantage

Expected return (in thousands)

Year Cashflow Net profit0 (77.620)€ -1 (2.886)€ (1.686)€ 2 1.214€ 553€ 3 872€ 214€ 4 17.021€ 16.365€ 5 35.011€ 34.359€ 6 55.116€ 54.466€ 7 53.787€ 53.140€ 8 90.050€ 89.406€ 9 117.496€ 116.855€

10 148.448€ 147.810€ 11 147.119€ 146.484€ 12 151.302€ 150.670€ 13 152.089€ 151.461€

14 156.650€ 156.026€ 15 157.603€ 156.982€

Hogere opbrengst door additionele gewassen

Productie in kilo’s

Producten

Analog Forestry around the world

Rich Forests Voedselbos in aanleg: Mijn Stadstuin, Amsterdam

Rich Forests voedselbos in aanleg : Roggebotstaete, Dronten, Flevoland

Rich Forests voedselbos: Roggebotstaete, Dronten, Flevoland

En U?

Wilt u ook bijdragen aan een productiemodel waarbij •natuur en economie hand in hand gaan?•internationale markten én lokale markten bereikt worden?•En (h)eerlijke producten geconsumeerd kunnen worden?

Neem dan contact met ons op!

[email protected] Hendriks en Roos Nijpelswww.richforests.org Ook op Facebook en Twitter

Hartelijk dank!