Post on 26-Feb-2021
BSE
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OSIS
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ZOONOSIS
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*
D.V.M.,Ph.D.(Yukio Fukumoto)
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SARSSARS
Y.Guanet al
SARS
Y. Guan et al (2003)Isolation and Characterization of
Viruses Related to the SARS Coronavirus from Animals
in Southern China. Science. 302 ( 10 Oct. 2003)276-278
60 1 2006
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Fig.1Fig.2
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Fig.3
Fig.4
Fig.5
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5%2%
1mg10 20mg 1
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Q1A
Q2A
Q3A
Q4A
Q5A
Q6A
Paramyxoviridae Paramyxoviridae Molovilivirus
1980
Q A Q A
Q A Q A
Q A Q A Paramyxoviridae Paramyxoviridae Molovilivirus
Q A
Q A
Q A
Q10 A
2011
(2003) :
1
Chlamydia psittacipsittacosis parrot
Psittakos parrot fever ornithosis C. psittaci avian chlamydiosis AC
C. psittaci
Chlamydia psittaciDNA RNA
elementary body, EB
reticulate body RB
(intermediate body, IB) EB
RB EB
EB
Everett K.D. Chlamydia psittaci RNA DNA
Chlamydophila psittaci Chlamydia psittaci Chlamydophila abortus Chlamydia psittaci serotype
Chlamydia psittaci
2
Chlamydophila felis Chlamydia psittaci Chlamydophila caviae Chlamydia psittaci
C. psittaci EB
C. psittaci 0.1 0.2
70% 50 3 0.10.5 0.1 0.5 2 3
C. psittaci
C psittaci
C. psittaci
C. psittaci
C. psittaciC. psittaci
C. psittaci
C. psittaci
C. psittaci
3
C. psittaci
DFA
PCR
4
Gimenez Macchiavellos
N95
CTC 30 45 DOXY45 60
20032003
RSQ
Everett KD Bush RM Andersen AA, 1999 Emended description of the order Chlamydials, proposal of Parachlamyduaceae fam. nov. and Simkaniaceae fam.nov., each containing one monotypic genus, revised taxonomy of the famly Chlamydiacea, including a new genus and five new species, and standards for the identification of organisms. Int.J.Syst.Bacteriol. 49 415-440.
5
2003
WEBThe NCBI Taxonomy Homepage
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/taxonomyhome.html/National Association of State Public Health Veterinarians NASPHV Compendium of Measures To Control Chlamydophila Psittaci (formerly Chlamydia psittaci)Infection Among Humans (Psittacosis) and Pet Birds, 2004. American Veterinary Medical Association http://www.avma.org/pubhlth/psittacosis.asp
Q A Chlamydia psittaci( )
Q A
Q A
6
Q A 1 38
Q A
Q A
Q A
1
Corynebacterium kutscheri C. pseudotuberculosis
Yersinia pseudotuberculosisY. pseudotuberculosis
Y. pseudotuberculosis Y. enterocolitica
Y. enterocolitica
1 Y. pseudotuberculosis Yersinia
28 (Y. pestis) 30 O
15 1 2 4 521
Y. pseudotuberculosis
2
Y. pseudotuberculosis
carrier
3
Mycobacterium tuberculosisM. bovis M. avium
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
4
Q A Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
Q A Q A
Q
Q
Q
Q A
Q A
5
Q
carrier
Q10
2003
Q11 ?
2006 3
- -
Clostridium 3 1
1 5
Clostridium perfringens
Clostridium
( )
C. chauvoei C. tetani
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Clostridium
Clostridium
Clostridium 83
10 12
24
Clostridium
C. chauvoei
C. tetani
tetanospasmin tetanolysin
C. botulinum A, B, Cα, Cβ,
D, E, F, G 8 A, B, E, F C, D
100 1 2
- -
C. perfringens Clostridium
4 (α, β, ε, ι)
A E 5
C. difficile
C. welchii C. novyi C. septicum
3
C. tetani
5
C. botulinum
C. perfringens A
C. difficile
C. welchii C. novyi C. septicum C.
perfringens A
C. chauvoei 2006 2
3 1 C. perfringens
4
2 8 4
6 2
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1
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Clostridium
Clostrdium C. perfringens
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- -
C. perfringens
6 72
4
C. difficile
C. perfringens
C.
perfringens C. difficile
C. perfringens C. sordellii
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C. perfringens
C. difficile
Clostridium 1 2 8kg
250mg/ 1
3 62.5mg/ 1 2
19
- -
ST C. perfringens
Clostridium
C. perfringens A
C. chauvoei
C. tetani
C. difficile
Clostridium C. perfringens C. difficile
1. Dunn, J. L. (1990): In CRC Handbook of Marine Mammals Medicine; Health, Disease, and
Rehabilitation. (Dierauf L A, ed.), CRC Press.
2. (2005): 46(1) 6-20.
3. , (1999): .
4. Greenwood AG, Taylor DC. (1978): Clostridial myositis in marine mammals. Vet. Rec. 103:54-55.
5. (1989): .
6. 2001 : : 8 . 1319-1332.
7. , , , , , , , (1987):
― ―. .
8. (2004): . 235-246.
, . .
9. , , , , , , , , ,
, , , (2003):
2003, ,
10. , , , (1984): . .
11. , , , , (1999): . .
12. , , (1989) :
- -
. 31(4):132.
13. Raverty SA, Carlsen K, Whitton E, Byrne S. (2004): Hemorrhages enteritis associated with
Clostridium difficile Toxin A and B in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) in Washington State and British
Columbia. IAAAM proceeding.
14. (1995): . 107-111. .
15. , , , , , (1971)
. 13:4-7
16. , , , , , (2006): 11(2) 93-97.
17. , , (2009): Phoca larga
. 15 .
18. Kollias, G. (1998): Clostridium perfringens Enterotoxicosis in recently captured North American river
otters(Lontra canadiensis). 1998 Proceedings American Association of Zoo Veterinarians 61-62.
19. Kollias, G.(1999). Health Assesment, Medical Management, and Prerelease Conditioning of
Translocated North American River Otters. In Zoo & Wild Animal Medicine Current Therapy 4th
edition(Fowler, M. E. & Miller, R. ed). Saunders Co.
20. , , , (2009):
. 50(2) 60.
21. Nagano, N., Isomine, S., Kato, H., Sasaki, Y., Takahashi, M., Sakaida, K., Nagano, Y., Arakawa, Y.
(2008): Human fulminant gas gangrene caused by Clostridium chauvoei. J Clin Microbiol. 46(4)
1545–1547.
1. http://niah.naro.affrc.go.jp/disease/fact/kansi.html
2. http://merckmanual.banyu.co.jp/cgi-bin/disphtml.cgi
3. http://ss.niah.affrc.go.jp/sat/joseki/Saikin_Kenshukai/Clostridium.htm
4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2769548/
5.http://www.otterspecialistgroup.org/Library/TaskForces/OCT/North_American_River_Otter_Husbandr
y_Manual_3rd_edition.pdf
1
Clostridium 83
10 12
24
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1
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A G
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A E
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1 250mg/ 1 3 ,
62.5mg/ 1 2
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4 3 C. perfringens 4
2
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1 5
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.
2007 4 /2010 4
Non Human Primates NHP (Mycobacterium tuberculosis MT) (Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex MTC) MTC
MT
( ) 13 1
1) Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex MTC MTC 5 Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex MTC
Mycobacterium canetti Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mycobacterium africanum Mycobacterium microti Mycobacterium bovis
acid-fastness (acid-fast bacteria)MTC Mycobacterium
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MTCMycobacterium leprae non-tuberculous
mycobacteria NTM atypecal mycobacteriaMycobacterium
avium Mycobacterium intracellrare Mycobacterium avium Complex MAC
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3
1)
2)
Tuberculin Skin Test TST old tuberculin OT
10 (100,000ITU)
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( )
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INH REF6
MTCTST
Animal Research Advisory Committee of NIH 2005 Guidelines for the Prevention and Control of Tuberculosis in Nonhuman Primates NIH Washington Ramiro Isaza 2003 Tuberculosis in All Taxa In Zoo and wild animal medicine,
ed 5, 689-696 Fowler M.E. Miller R.E. editors Saunders St.Luis Missouri (2006) In 3-17 (2006) In 18-25
(2006) In 26-40 (2006) In 121-129
1989 In 444-455
1959
5-7 1960 2 77-83
1998
39 2 55-61
2005IASR 26 213-214
2006 59 274-276
(2006) In 46-49
( )
( )
19 3 29 0329007
13 1
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old tuberculin OT
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2006 122007 1 12 16
SCAPARA)7
3 (3 ) CBSGA-Ark )
JAZA JAZA
SCAPARA
(Chytridomycosis)Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis( Bd)
1990
Bd
Bd 19381998 Lee Berger
(Frog chytrid fungus)2000 IUCN (SSC) 100
2005 IUCN2006 CBSG
WAZA 2006(SCAPARA)
12 25
2007 1 20072009
( ) PCR
2
Bd
90
Bd
0.7 6 m 300100
3 4 17 25 2328 30
BdBd
Bd
DNA
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Bd Bd
Bd
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Bd H19 H21 3Bd
Hyla japonica
Rana nigromaculata
Rana porosa porosa
Fejervarya limnocharis A
Rana rugosa
Buergeria japonica
Rana catesbeiana A, E, Bd43, Z, V
Xenopus laevis
Cynops ensicauda A, E, W
Andrias japonicus K
4
2 5
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)
SCAPARA)
Bd
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Bd Q4 A4 Bd
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Bd
11
Bd
Bd
QQ7 A7
Bd
Bd
Bd
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Q9 A9
Bd
Bd
(2003) :
- - 1
Mycobacterium avium
Mycobacterium
1 3
2 3
S
Mycobacterium tuberculosis M. bovis M. africanum M. microti
Mycobacterium
Mycobacterium 54 4 50
M. paratuberculosis
M. avium M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis
Atypical Mycobacteriosis
Non tuberculosis Mycobacteriosis
M. avium
4
- - 2
. avium complex (MAC) Runyon
M. kansasii M. marinum
M. scrofulaceum MAC M. avium M.
intracellulare M. avium M. intracellulare
MAC
1 3 M. avium 4 28 M. intracellulare
2
M. avium
1935 M. avium
1950 M. avium
1959 M. avium
1982 M. avium
1983 M. avium
1994 M. (avium)
1996 M. avium
2001 M. avium
- - 3
Ziehl-Neelsen
5%NaOH 37 30
3% . ( 2 4
)
% %
- - 4
M. avium
isoniazid 30mg/kg SID PO.
ethambutol 30mg/kg SID PO.
refampin 45mg/kg SID PO.
Branson W. Ritchie, D.V.M., Ph.D, Greg J. Harrison, D.V.M., Linda R. Harrison, BS
(1994 Avian Medicine: Principles and Application Wingers Publishing, Inc., USA
J. Samour -
(1999
Margaret L. Petrak
Murray E. Fowler
Peter H Beynon
,
(2003) :
http://www.d1.dion.ne.jp/~akaki_ch/care -infection.html#tuberculosis
- - 5
% %
1
2
3
4
5
,In
.In
,In
,In
(2003) :
36 2 Pneumonyssus
caninum Pneumonyssoides caninum
(Furman:1979)
Pneumonyssus ( ) ( ) Pneumonyssoides ( ) ( ) ( ) Rhinophaga ( ) ( ) Zumptiella ( ) ( ) Halarachne ( ) ( ) Orthohalarachne ( )
Halarachne Orthohalarachne Halarachne
,
3 ( 200 6 1 7
( :2006)
(Halarachne , ) (Orthohalarachne )
Halarachne
Pneumonyssus Rhinophaga
( ) ( :2001,Webb et al.:1985)
Rhinophaga
( :1998)
( :1998)
0.6mg/kg SID PO 85% 0.5mg/kg (1-2mg/kg) BID PO 60%
0.4mg/kg SID PO 72% 14%
1 (1998) In
pp416-427 2 (2006) Enhydra lutris
Halarachne halichoeri. 12 3 Webb,J.P.,Furman,D.P.and Wang,S.(1985):A unique case of human ophthalmic
acariasis caused by Orthohalarachne attenuata (Banks,1910) (Acari: Halarachnidae). Journal of Parasitology,71(3):388-389.
4 (1962) 13(2):1825 (2003)
20036 Ogata,M.,Itagaki,H.,Sirouzu,H.,Suzuki,T.(1979):A case of pulmonary mite infestation of
a Californian sea lion.Bulletin of the Azabu Veterinary4(1) 207-209
7 (1987) (Callorhinus ursinus)1 38(2) 85-91
8 Kenyon,K.W.,C.E.Yunker,I.M.Newell(1965):Nasal Mites (Halarachnidae) in the Sea Otter.The Journal of Parasitology,51(6):960.
9 (1999) In pp.136-162
10 (2001) 20 Inpp.371-391
11 (2004) In pp.257-270
12 1964) 6(3-4) 79 80
3(1) 21 2314 Furman, D.P.(1979):Specificity adaptation and parallel evolution in the
endoparasitic Mesostigmata of mammals.In: Recent advances in Acarology,vol.II (Rodriguez, J.G. (ed.)),pp.329-337, Academic Press Inc.,New York.
15 (1996) 5(1) 46
WEB >> >> 62
>> (http://homepage3.nifty.com/clas/62th-4.htm) >> CONTENTS >> >>
>> (http://www.amy.hi-ho.ne.jp/s-kuwabara/74.htm) 10 Q & A
Q1 A
Q2 A
Q3 A
Q4
A
5 A
Q6 A
(2008 12 )
1
, ,Mycobacterium leprae M. avium
subsp. paratuberculosis Mycobacterium
. ,. ,M. chelonae,M. fortuitum, M.
marinum , M. ulcerans,M. xenopi.
.
.
Mycobacterium .
Ziel-Neelsen , , ,. Mycobacterium .
, , ,. ,M. fortuitum 37
, 30 37 . M. fortuitum,M. marinum .
M. ulcerans , . M. fortuitum M. chelonae
. M. marinum ,M. xenopi
.M. ulcerans . ,
.,
.
. M. fortuitum, M. chelonae,
M. xenopi .M. mariunm , M. ulcerans . M. chelonae
M. fortuitum ,.M. ulcerans .
. M.
fortuitum
,M. marinum .M. marinum , ,
. 37 , .
2
,.
,
. ., , .
, , , ,. .
, ,. ,
, , , .
, ,
. . .
, .
.
. .
, ., .
. ,.
,M. fortuitum M. chelonae ,M. marinum
,M. xenopi .M. ulcerans , ,
. , , ,.
. ,
. . ,, .
Branson,E. and Southgate,P. , 1996 : . In
3
- -, 69-77, Butcher,R.L. , , . 2 Cooper, J. E. (1981): Bacteria. In Diseases of the reptilia, 165-191, Cooper, J. E. and
Jackson, O. F. (ed.), Academic Press, London.
3 Lamberski, N. (1999): Nontuberculous mycobacteria: potential for zoonosis. In Zoo and Wild animal medicine: current therapy 4, 146-150. Fowler, M. E. and Miller, R.
E. (ed.),W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia.
4 (2001): , . . , 75: 457-459.
5 Marcus, L. C. (1981): Veterinary biology and medicine of captive amphibians and reptiles. 239 pp. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia.
6 (2003): : . 288 pp. , .
7 Nemetz,T.G.and Shotts,Jr.E.B. (1993): Zoonotic diseases. In Fish Medicine, 214-220, Stoskopf, M.K. (ed.), W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia. WEB 8
(2003) :
9 .http://www.amda.or.jp/contents/database/4-2/ 10
,Mycobacterium leprae M. avium subsp.
paratuberculosis Mycobacterium
..
. ,M. chelonae, M. fortuitum,
M. marinum , M. ulcerans M. xenopi
. .. ,
, ,, .
, .
, ., ,
. ,.
4
.
, , .
, , . , .
,. , , ,
.
. .
, ,
, .. .
,. M. fortuitum M. marinum
, . M. marinum
, .
( )
1
2
3
2003
2006
1 Pseudomonas 1 P.aeruginosa
Pseudomonas
14 15
2
MDRP
3 Pseudomonas aeruginosa
1 Pseudomonas
0.7×2μ
4
37 424 55
EDTA EDTA EDTAEDTA
pH9EDTA EDTA
4
5
80%
6
7
MDRP MDRPB
8
9 (2005): 46(1):6-20. (2003): . 28
. (2008): 48(4):129-142. (2003): - -. 29
. (1994): 41
35(4):140.
(2002): 4943(4):109-110.
(1996):43
37(3,4) 142. (2003): 2003. , . (1990)
37 31(3):87.
(2007):,48(3):87-97.
(2002) In 8 pp204-214 (2005):
5146(2):64.
WEB HP>> >> >> (http://micro.fhw.oka-pu.ac.jp/microbiology/g-negative-aerobic/pseudomonas.html) >> (http://medical.radionikkei.jp/abbott/final/pdf/061117.pdf#search=' ')
>> >> >> (MDRP) (http://idsc.nih.go.jp/disease/MDRP/index.html)
>> >> >> (http://www.mhlw.go.jp/bunya/kenkou/kekkaku-kansenshou11/01.html)
>> >> (http://www.hijirigaoka.or.jp/disin.htm)
>> >> 65 (http://www.microbes.jp/rika/rika_no65/rika_no65.htm)
>> >>1. (http://www.microbes.jp/syoukai/good/g001.htm)
10 Q & A Q1 A
Q2 A
Q3 A
Q4 A
Q5 A
Q6 A
( )
1
Leptospira
Leptospira
biflexa L. interrogans
L. icterohaemorrhagiae L. canicola
L. autumnalis L. hebdomadis L. australis L.
pyrogenes
L. pomona L. hardjo
autumnalis
canicola icterohaemorrhagiae australis hardjo pomona grippotyphosa
2
3
L. icterohaemorrhagiae L. canicola L. autumnalis
L. hebdomadis L. australis L. autumnalis L.
hebdbmadis L. australis L. icterohaemorrhagiae
4
(2003) :
5
1
18 11 1
2
3
0.1
15
4