Choices pre-intermediateGrammar

Present simple p. 9

Hele werkwoord (zonder to)

Derde persoon (he/she/it) + (e)s

I eat pizza.

The cat eats fish.

Mom washes my dirty clothes.

Vorm

Present simple p. 9

Vorm van ‘to be’ geen

hulpwerkwoord nodig.

Zet vorm van to be

vooraan.

I am happy.

______________

He is happy.

_______________

Andere ww gebruik

do/does en het hele

werkwoord. Zet do/ does

vooraan.

I work at McDonald’s.

___________________

The dog barks all night.

____________________

Vragend

Present simple p. 9

Vorm van ‘to be’ geen

hulpwerkwoord nodig.

Zet vorm van to be vooraan.

I am happy.

Am I happy?

He is happy.

Is he happy.?

Andere ww gebruik

do/does en het hele

werkwoord. Zet do/ does

vooraan.

I work at McDonald’s.

Do I work at McDonald’s?

The dog barks all night.

Does the dog bark all

night?

Vragend

Present simple p. 9

Vorm van ‘to be’ geen

hulpwerkwoord nodig

Zet not (n’t) achter vorm

van to be.

I am happy.

__________________

He is happy.

__________________

Ander ww gebruik

do/does en het hele

werkwoord.

Zet not (n’t) achter do/ does.

I work at McDonald’s.

_____________________

The dog barks all night.

______________________

Ontkennend

Present simple p. 9

Vorm van ‘to be’

geen hulpwerkwoord nodig

Zet not (n’t) achter vorm van

to be.

I am happy.

I am not happy. (I’m)

He is happy.

He is not happy. (isn’t)

Ander ww gebruik

do/does en het hele

werkwoord.

Zet not (n’t) achter do/ does.

I work at McDonald’s.

I don’t work at McDonald’s?

The dog barks all night.

The dog doesn’t bark all

night?

Ontkennend

Present simple p. 9

• Feiten

•Gewoontes

•Roosters / schema’s / dienstregelingen

Wanneer

Present simple p. 9

Always

Often

Sometimes

Usually

Hardly ever

Every …

Signaalwoorden / tijdsbepalingen

Present simple p. 9

+ Dad always smokes a cigar.

- Dad doesn’t always smoke a cigar.

? Does dad always smoke a cigar?

Voorbeeldzinnen

Present continuous p. 9

Am / are / is + werkwoord + ing

I am eating pizza now.

The cat is eating fish right now.

We are eating dinner at the moment.

Vorm

Present continuous p. 9

Geen hulpwerkwoord nodig.

Zet am/ are is vooraan.

I am eating pizza now.

________________________

The cat is eating fish right now.

_________________________

We are eating dinner at the moment.

___________________________

Vragend

Present continuous p. 9

Geen hulpwerkwoord nodig.

Zet am/ are is vooraan.

I am eating pizza now.

Am I eating pizza now?

The cat is eating fish right now.

Is the cat eating fish right now?

We are eating dinner at the moment.

Are we eating dinner at the moment?

Vragend

Present continuous p. 9

Geen hulpwerkwoord nodig

Zet not (n’t) achter de vorm van to be.

I am eating pizza now.

______________________________

The cat is eating fish right now.

_______________________________

We are eating dinner at the moment.

_________________________________

Ontkennend

Present continuous p. 9

Geen hulpwerkwoord nodig

Zet not (n’t) achter de vorm van to be.

I am eating pizza now.

I am not eating pizza now. (I’m)

The cat is eating fish right now.

The cat isn’t eating fish right now.

We are eating dinner at the moment.

We aren’t eating dinner at the moment.

Ontkennend

Present continuous p. 9

Nu aan de gang

Wanneer

Present continuous p. 9

Now

Right now

At the moment

Currently

Signaalwoorden / tijdsbepalingen

Present continous p. 9

Dad is smoking a cigar now.

Dad isn’t smoking a cigar now.

Is dad smoking a cigar now?

Voorbeeldzinnen

Which tense is it?

Present simple vs. Present continuous p. 9

Wanneer:

• Feiten

• Gewoontes

• Roosters / schema’s / dienstregelingen

Signaalwoorden:

Always, often, sometimes,

usually, hardly ever, every …

Dad always smokes a cigar.

Dad doesn’t always smoke

a cigar.

Does dad always smoke a

cigar?

Wanneer:

• Nu aan de gang

Signaalwoorden:

Now, right now, at the

moment, currently

Dad is smoking a cigar now.

Dad isn’t smoking a cigar

now.

Is dad smoking a cigar

now?

Present simple vs. Present continuous p. 9

Present perfect p. 14

Vorm:

Affirmative

• Have/ has + past participle

Regelmatig -ed

Onregelmatig leren

Negative

• Haven’t / hasn’t + past particple

Interogative

• Have / has + subject + past participle

Present perfect p. 14

When:

• If somethng happened in the past and the consequences are still visible.

• When a result is still noticable.

Present perfect p. 14

Signal words

Just, yet, never, ever, already, so far, up to now, since, for, recently

Present perfect p. 14

Tips:

In het NL v.t.t. is meestal niet present perfect!

Some and anyNo, a lot of, a few, a little p. 18

Is het een vraag? Nee Is het een zin met NOT? Nee SOME

Ja Ja

any any

Extra: verwacht je ja als antwoord in een vraag dan is het some (in vragen waarin iets wordt aangeboden).

No p. 18

No with uncountable and countable plural nouns

There are no books left.

There is no room for you anymore.

A lot of p. 18

A lot of with uncountable and countable nouns.

There is a lot of noise.

A few p. 18

with countable plural nouns

I’d like to have a few candy bars.

A little p. 18

With uncountable nouns.

Give me a little time.

Past continuous p. 30

Geen hulpwerkwoord nodig.

Zet was/ were vooraan in de zin

I was eating pizza.

__________________

The cat was eating fish.

__________________

We were eating dinner.

___________________

Vragend

Past continuous p. 30

Geen hulpwerkwoord nodig.

Zet was/ were vooraan in de zin

I was eating pizza.

Was I eating pizza?

The cat was eating fish.

Was the cat eating fish?

We were eating dinner.

Were we eating dinner?

Vragend

Past continuous p. 30

Geen hulpwerkwoord

Zet not (n’t) acher de vorm van to be.

I was eating pizza.

_________________

The cat was eating fish.

__________________

We were eating dinner.

___________________

Ontkennend

Past continuous p. 30

Geen hulpwerkwoord

Zet not (n’t) acher de vorm van to be.

I was eating pizza.

I wasn’t eating pizza.

The cat was eating fish.

The cat wasn’t eating fish.

We were eating dinner.

We weren’t eating dinner.

Ontkennend

Iets wat in het verleden aan de gang was.

Past continuous

Wanneer

While

Past continuous

Signaalwoorden / tijdsbepalingen p. 30

+ Dad was smoking a cigar.

-Dad wasn’t smoking a cigar.

? Was dad smoking a cigar?

Past continuous

Voorbeeldzinnen p. 30

Past simple p. 30

Regelmatig: werkwoord

+ (e)d

I worked last night.

She worked last night.

Onregelmatig: leren

I was at the club last night.

They were at my place

yesterday.

Vorm

Past simple p. 30

Vorm van ‘to be’ geen

hulpwerkwoord nodig.

Zet vorm van to be

vooraan.

I was happy.

_______________

He was happy.

________________

Ander ww gebruik did

en het hele werkwoord.

Zet did vooraan.

I worked at McDonald’s.

____________________

The dog barked last night.

_____________________

Vragend

Past simple p. 30

Vorm van ‘to be’ geen

hulpwerkwoord nodig.

Zet vorm van to be vooraan.

I was happy.

Was I happy?

He was happy.

Was he happy?

Ander ww gebruik did en het

hele werkwoord.

Zet did vooraan.

I worked at McDonald’s.

Did I work at McDonald’s?

The dog barked last night.

Did the dog bark last

night?

Vragend

Past simple p. 30

Vorm van ‘to be’ geen

hulpwerkwoord nodig

Zet not (n’t) achter vorm van to

be.

I was happy.

________________

He was happy.

________________

Ander ww gebruik did

en het hele werkwoord.

Zet not (n’t) achter did.

I worked at McDonald’s.

___________________

The dog barked all night.

____________________

Ontkennend

Past simple p. 30

Vorm van ‘to be’ geen

hulpwerkwoord nodig.

Zet not (n’t) achter vorm van to

be.

I was happy.

I wasn’t happy.

He was happy.

He wasn’t happy.

Ander ww gebruik did en

het hele werkwoord.

Zet not (n’t) achter did.

I worked at McDonald’s.

I didn’t work at McDonald’s

The dog barked all night.

The dog didn’t bark all

night.

Ontkennend

Past simple p. 30

Een gebeurtenis in het verleden die helemaal voorbij is.

Wanneer

Past simple p. 30

• LADY-words (last, ago, date, yesterday/year)

•When …?

Signaalwoorden / tijdsbepalingen

Past simple p. 30

+ Dad smoked a cigar yesterday.

- Dad didn’t smoke a cigar yesterday.

? Did dad smoke a cigar yesterday?

Voorbeeldzinnen

Past simple p. 30

Als een werkwoord eindigt op een medeklinker + -y, danverandert de –y in -ied in de past simple.

to tryRobert tried it on.

Maar als er voor de -y een a, e, o of u staat, komt er in de past simple gewoon -ed achter het werkwoord.

to playWe played tennis yesterday.

spelling

Past simple p. 30

Als een werkwoord eindigt op een –e die je

niet hoort, komt er in de past simple alleen

een –d achter het werkwoord.

to

Love

I loved that dress.

spelling

Past simple p. 30

In de past simple wordt de laatste

medeklinker van het werkwoord verdubbeld

als er één klinker (a, e, i, o, u) voor staat.

to stop

She stopped the thief.

spelling

Past simple past continuous p. 30

Korte actie past simple

Lange actie past continuous

Past simple and present perfect p. 34

Past simple we know exactly when it happened in the past.

Present perfect Time in past is unknown or doesn’t matter.

Have to / not have to p. 47

Have to / not have to

We use this structure to talk about necessity and obligation. Remember that have to / not have to needs be used in the correct grammatical form.

Examples:

I have to study.

She has to study.

I don’t have to study.

She doesn’t have to study.

Can / can’t p. 47

Can / can’t

We use this structure to talk about possibility or permission.

I can swim.

She can swim.

She cannot swim / She can’t swim.

Remember that cannot is the only negotiation of a verb and not written as one word!

May, must, must not p. 50

May, must, must not

These structures are used to express:

• Permission May I spend a penny? (Meaning use the bathroom)

• Obligation You must write with a pen.

• To forbid You mustn’t drink alcohol under the age of 21.

These structure are formal English.

Future p. 56 Will / won’t

Use it to express opinion and belief about the future.

• I’m sure she’ll be home by now.

• He definitely won’t feel sorry about moving house.

May / may not p. 56

Use it to make uncertain predictions or to guess.

• He may try to pass his exams.

• The test may not be difficult.

To be going to p. 56

Make predictions based on evidence in present situation

• I’ve studied hard. I’m going to pass this exam.

• He’s been partying all night. He is going to be absent tomorrow.

Future conditional p. 62

Conditional Sentences refer to the future.

An action in the future will only happen if a certain condition is fulfilled by that time. We don't know for sure whether the condition actually will be fulfilled or not, but the conditions seems rather realistic – so we think it is likely to happen.

Future conditional p. 62

If + present simple tense, will / may + infinitive

Condition consequence

All, most, many, some, no, none p. 66

We use these words with countable nouns (woorden die je kunt tellen)

and uncountable nouns (woorden die niet te tellen zijn).

Many only with plural nouns!

Countable Uncountable

1 house – 2 houses Rice

1 car – 3 cars Water

A girl – 5 girls time

All, most, many, some, no, none p. 66

Quantifier Rule Sentence

All Every thing or person of a particular type; the wholeamount.

All her brothers hate ballet.

Most Almost everyone / everything Most pupils hate reading.

Many A lot of things / people Many of my classmates like vloggers.

Some Things or a certain amount, anumber of people

Some people like haggis.

No / none Not any There is no room left.None of the pupils passedtheir exam.

Passive p. 72 Active Passive

The class watches a film. A film is watched (by the class).

The class watched a film. A film was watched (by the class).

The class has watched a film. A film has been watched (by the

class).

The class can watch a film. A film can be watched (by the class).

Passive p. 72

• Opdracht 1:

Wat is belangrijk in de active zin?

Wat is belangrijk in de passive zin?

Passive p. 72

Why?

Passive is used when we do not know who does the action or it is simply irrelevant.

We use the by-agent to put emphasis on who does the action.

Passive p. 72

1. Look up the subject and the object forms.

2. Change the object into the subject.

3. Find out which tense is used

4. Insert the correct form of ‘to be’ and tense

5. Insert the past partciple. * + -ed regular verb / 3rd row irregular

6. When necessary finish the sentence with the by-agent.

Conditionals p. 78

Conditionals To talk about uncertain events and situations (things that may or may not happen; which may or may not

be true) we use if clauses.

if + past simple would / could + infinitive

If I were single, I would live in the city centre. To talk about impossible situations in the present.

If I won the lottery, I would live in a villa. To talk about imaginary, unlikely situations in the future.

The p. 82

The

Study Language Choice 55 when to use the with geographical names.

Intentions and arrangements p. 88

Future:

• To talk about an intention in the future we use to be going to remember to use the correct form of be.

• To talk about events that are arranged we use present continuous

• To talk about time tables, events, schedules etc. we use the present simple.

Defining relative clauses p. 94

These clauses are used to make clear about who / what we are talking about.

To introduce the relative clause you must use a relative pronoun:

• Who / that to talk about people. Girls who / that dance.

• Which / that to talk about things. Tables which / that are made of wood.

• Where to talk about places. The beach where we went swimming.

• When to talk about time. The time when she got a tattoo.

Defining relative clauses p. 94

We can leave out the relative pronoun who, which or that when it does not come immediately before a verb.

I see the teacher who talk to my parents.

I see the teacher you saw in the city centre.

Reporting advice, orders and requests p. 98

To report advice, orders and requests we use:

ask, tell, advise, order, want someone (not) to + infinitive

Dad: “Could you carry these bags?” My father asked me to help him with his bags.