Post on 06-Jan-2016
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This and next week…• Wednesday/Thursday:
▫Discuss Feudalism▫Group Activity
• Friday▫Chivalry
• Next Week: AIMS testing (Go to CCA on block days T-TR)▫Monday: 1-6▫Tuesday: 1-3-5▫Wednesday: 2-4-6▫Thursday: 1-3-5▫Friday: 2-4-6
Welcome Back!
•Going over syllabus•Rules•Expectations
•Pass back test Friday ▫Those who need to take the test- Next
Monday or Tuesday after school in Mr. Martinez’s room
Warm-Up:
•Use this for today, Friday, and Monday
▫If you lived in a time of CONSTANT threat of murderers and thieves (like the mob), would you give up your freedom for protection? Why/Why not?
▫Please respond in 3 sentences.
Learning Goals
1. Explore how feudalism helped shape political & social development in Europe during the Middle Ages
2. Identify the ways in which the manorial system influenced economic growth in Europe during the Middle Ages
Why is this important???
•The rights and duties of a feudal relationships helped shaped today’s forms of representative government.
13.2 Feudalism in EuropeFeudalism, a political and economic system based on land-holding and protective alliances, emerges in Europe.
Vikings, Magyars, and Moors…Oh My!
• After the breakup of Charlemagne’s empire, invaders attacked Europe▫Vikings attacked from the
North Viking ships could navigate
upriver and raid inland towns
▫Magyars swept in from the east (from present day Hungary)
▫Muslims came from the south
•Vikings
•Muslims
Magyars
Viking Invasions
•From cold northern Scandinavia
•Most dreaded attackers
•Worship warlike gods
•Carried raids at fast speeds- strike, then set out to sea before local troops could arrive
Vikings• Used swords and heavy
wooden shields• Built amazing boats• Boats could carry 300
men, 72 oars, weigh 20 tons and sail in 3ft of water
• Would use shallow streams to loot villages and monasteries
• Were not just warriors, also were traders, farmers and explorers
Viking Boats
Leif Ericson
•Most famous Viking
•Most likely reached North America around 1000- about 500 years before Christopher Columbus
Viking Invasions End• Around the same time Leif
Ericson reached the America’s Viking terror faded
• Vikings gradually accepted Christianity and stopped raising monasteries
• A warming trend in Europe made farming easier in Scandinavia, so many didn’t adopt the Viking seafaring way of life
A sketch of a Viking longboat
Magyars Invasion • Invade from east in late 800s
• they terrorize Germany and Italy
• Great on horseback, nomads
• Didn’t settle conquered land
• Captured people to sell as slaves
• Attack isolated villages and monasteries
• Overrun northern Italy
Muslim Invasions• Muslims come from the
south• Seized Sicily, raided
Italy• Sacked Rome in 846• Controlled the
Mediterranean Sea and disrupted trade and were excellent sailors
• Were vengeful- goal was to plunder land, since they failed at conquering the land in 600 and 700s
Living in Fear• Invasions of
Vikings, Magyars and Muslims caused disorder and suffering
• Europeans lived in fear and constant danger
• Central authority proved powerless
• Many turned to Many turned to local leaders with local leaders with their own armiestheir own armies
Feudalism: Weak Kings, Strong Nobles
A New Social Order•Worst years of invaders
attacks were 850-950.•During this time, rulers
and warriors made similar agreements in many parts of Europe
•The system of governing and landholding called feudalism had emerged in Europe
Feudal System •Based on mutual obligations
•A lord (landowner) granted land called a fief in exchange for military protection and other services
•Person receiving the fief was a vassal
•So, Charles the Simple was the lord, and Rollo would have been the vassal
Feudal Pyramid•Power in feudal
system much like a pyramid, with king at the top
•Kings served by nobles who are served by knights; peasants at bottom
•Knights—horsemen—defend their lord’s land in exchange for fiefs
Social Hierarchy
It’s a Pyramid Scheme• At the top is the king (the lord)• The vassals to the king are wealthy nobles• Below the wealthy nobles, are knights
▫A knight would then be a vassal to a wealthy nobleman
▫The knight would pledge his support to his lord (the wealthy nobleman)
• At the bottom of the pyramid were the landless peasants referred to as serfs
• A serf could not legally leave his lord’s estate• Even though they were bound to the land
serfs were not slaves
Social Classes•Status determined a
person’s prestige and power
•People were placed into 3 groups:
1) Those who fought- nobles and knights
2) Those who prayed- men and women of
church 3) Those who worked- the
peasants•Social class was usually
inherited
Serfs• Majority of people in Europe were peasants• Most peasants were serfs• Serfs were people who couldn’t lawfully leave the place
where they were born• Even though they were bound to the land, they were not
slaves• Lords could not buy or sell them
Feudalism: Life in a Castle
Manor•The manor was the
lords estate•The manor system was
the basic economic arrangement
•Lord provided the serfs and peasants with housing, strips of farmland and protection from bandits
Map of a Manor
Self Sufficient Manor
•Everything needed for daily life was produced on the manor:
*crops*fuel*cloth*leather goods*lumber
•The only outside purchases were salt, iron and a few unusual objects like millstones- stones used to grind flour
Feudalism: Relationships
Peasant Life on the Manor•Since it was considered a privilege to live on
the manor, peasants paid a high price•Paid a tax on all grain ground on the lord’s
mill•Was considered a crime to avoid paying taxes•Paid a tax on marriage- weddings could only
take place with the lord’s consent•All peasant families had to pay a tithe (church
tax) to the village priest (10% of income)
•Serfs and peasants lived in cottages with only 1 or 2 rooms
•Would warm their dirt floor by bringing pigs inside
•Families would huddle together on pile of straw crawling with insects to stay warm
Simple Diet
•Peasant diets consisted of: *vegetables
*coarse brown bread*grain*cheese*soup
•Serfs accepted their way of life, and viewed it as part of church teachings
•Believed God determined a person’s place in society
Vocab Activity
•Write the definition of each vocabulary word in FULL sentences. You can find the definitions in your book starting on page 303.
•Next, use the word in a full sentence that YOU created, not taken out of the book or from a partner.
•Must be done at the end of class•NO PARTNERS!!!!