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Moderator Decoupled liquid H2
Planned detector coverage (vertical) -19° 20°
Planned detector coverage (horizontal) -31° 124°
Sample size 50mmX50mm (max)
Incident energy 1 2000meV
Energy resolution (�E/Ei) 1 5% (chopper dependent)
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[1] T. Matsuo, Y. Natsume, and T. Kato: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 75, 103002 (2006).
[2] K. Yoshimi, H. Maebashi, and H. Maebashi: in preparation.
[3] Y. Hamamoto, T. Jonckheere, T. Kato, and T. Martin: arXiv:0911.4101, submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett.
11
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12
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C. A. Angell Arizona State Univ. On the phase behavior of stretched, supercooled and glassy water, and its relation to that of other network and molecular systems
I. Chorkendorff Tech. Univ. of Denmark New Catalysts and Electro-Catalysts for Hydrogen Production and Conversion
A. Faraone National Institute of Standards and Technology
Structural and Dynamical Properties of Water Confined in a Nanoporous Silica Matrix
Y. Fukai Chuo Univ. Iron with water/hydrogen at high pressures
Y. Furukawa Hokkaido Univ. Ice Crystal Growth - From Space Experiment to Biological Aspect
K. Gerwert Ruhr- Univ. Bochum Proteins in Action: Monitored by time-resolved FTIR spectroscopy
R. Griessen VU Univ. Shedding light on hydrogen
A. Gross Univ. Ulm Ab initio studies of hydrogen adsorption and absorption and water-metal interfaces
R. J. Hemley Carnegie Institution of Washington Molecules, Compounds, and Mixtures in the Hydrogen-Oxygen System at High Pressures
C. Heske Univ. of Nevada Soft x-ray and electron spectroscopy of the electronic structure of water and materials for photoelectrochemical water splitting
M. Kataoka Nara Inst. of Sci. and Tech. Effect of Hydration Water on Protein Dynamics
A. R. Khokhlov Moscow State Univ. Computer Simulation of Proton-Conducting Polymer Membranes Structure and Transport Properties
K. Morgenstern Leibniz Univ. Hannover Ice on metal surfaces structure and electron dynamics
M. Muthukumar Univ. of Massachusetts Aqueous Assembly of Polyelectrolytes
A. Nilsson Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource
X-ray studies of hydrogen bonding in water
J. Nørskov Tech. Univ. of Denmark Interaction of water, hydrogen and oxygen with surfaces - understanding the water splitting and oxygen reduction processes
T. Okuchi Okayama Univ. Proton and hydrogen dynamics in hydrogen - bonded materials at ultrahigh pressures by high resolution diamond anvil cell NMR technique
M. Osawa Hokkaido Univ. Structure of Water at the Electrochemical Interface Studied by Infrared Spectroscopy
V. Pirronello Univ. Catania Experimental Studies of Molecular Hydrogen Formation on Surfaces of Astrophysical Interest
D. Richter Forschungszentrum Jülich Functional dynamics of proteins as revealed by neutron spin echo spectroscopy
M. Salmeron Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Water adsorption and reactions on metal surfaces
M. E. Tuckerman. New York Univ. Proton and hydroxide ion solvation and transport in aqueous environments
13
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[1] K. Nomura and A.H. MacDonald, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 256602 (2006).
[2] K. Nomura and A.H. MacDonald, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 076602 (2007).
[3] K. Nomura, M. Koshino, S. Ryu, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 146806 (2007).
[4] K. Nomura, S. Ryu, M. Koshino, C. Mudry, A. Furusaki, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 246806 (2008).
18
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RAMAN SPETCTRA OF GRAPHENE AND NANOCARBON
R. Saito, K. Sasaki*, J. S. Park, M. Furukawa
�Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan, *National Institute of Material Science, Tsukuba, Japan�
In this talk, starting from a basic introduction of resonance Raman spectroscopy of grapheme and single wall
carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), we will discuss the Raman spectra of graphene edge states and phonon softening
phenomena of metallic SWNTs, which are observed by the recent single nanotube Raman spectroscopy with
changing the Fermi energy by the electro-chemical doping [1].
It is important to know the structure of the edge structure of graphene, since the electronic structure of graphene
is sensitive to the edge structure. In particular, near the zigzag edge, it is known that the localized states of electron
or phonon exist which gives an anomalous behavior. Recent calculations and experiments show that some Raman
spectra are assigned to the spectra originated by the edge structure [2]. We calculated both electron and phonon
structure of edge states and found some Raman spectra can be assigned to the edge phonons.
The other topic is phonon softening mechanism in the metallic SWNTs, which is known as the Kohn anomaly
effect of phonon. We calculated the phonon frequencies of single wall carbon nanotubes as a function of the Fermi
energy positions (Fig.1) [3]. Not only longitudinal optic (LO) phonon but also transverse optic (TO) phonon show
softening or even hardening depending on the chiral angle of single wall carbon nanotubes. This results show that
the electron-phonon interaction of graphene and nanotubes are highly anisotropic in the k space around the K point.
19
The anisotropy of the electron-phonon interaction comes
from the wave function of graphene. The two-component
wave function of graphene is expressed by a pseudo spin [4].
The edge state of graphene can be understood by the
pseudo-spin polarized states. The corresponding field which
polarized pseudo spin can be defined by the lattice distortion.
We call this field as deformation induced gauge (DIG) field.
The concept of the DIG field is useful for understanding the
defect states and polarization dependence of Raman spectra
of graphene edges [5].
RS acknowledges the MEXT grants (Nos. 20241023,
16076201).
[1] H. Farhat, H. Son, Ge. G. Samsonidze, S. Reich, M. S. Dresselhaus,and J. Kong, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 145506
(2007).
[2] K. Sasaki, M. Yamamoto, S. Murakami,R. Saito, P. T. Araujo, A. Jorio, G. Dresselhaus, M. S. Dresselhaus, Phys.
Rev. B 80, 155450 (2009).
[3] K. Sasaki, R. Saito, G. Dresselhaus, M.S. Dresselhaus, H. Farhat, J. Kong, Phys. Rev. B77, 245441 (2008).
related papers therein.
[4] K. Sasaki, and R. Saito, Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. 176, 253-278, (2008). A review article for the pseudo spin and
deformation induced gauge field.
[5] K. Sasaki et al, submitted.
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Fig. TO and LO phonon frequencies and broadeining as a
function of the Fermi energy for (15,0) metallix zigzag
SWNT.
20
[13]=>Ë�S�����nko�o��]� ®=789:H4[8,9]��Ð0¨^�1:½a¿?H4�y¼�®=
?T�ê*a b��Ð0�S¨^�0:Øæ24�Ô789:2=
L ¼MN�#��¿H?9U]�%\�1°;�HàU�C�ô�X�Å�ª«WcYÆå�wª«Wñ�Zmn!úÂ
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�;<=
[1] K.S. Novoselov et al., Nature 438, 197 (2005).
[2] Y. Zhang et al., Nature 438, 201 (2005).
[3] K.S. Novoselov et al., Science 315, 1379 (2007).
[4] H.B. Heersche et al., Nature 446, 56 (2007).
[5] K. Bolotin et al., Solid State Comm. 146, 351 (2008).
[6] K. Bolotin et al., Nature online published on Nov. 5th 2009.
[7] M. Ohishi, M. Shiraishi et al., JJAP 46, L605 (2007).
[8] N. Tombros et al., Nature 448, 571 (2007).
[9] S. Cho et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 123105 (2007).
[10] F.J. Jedema et al., Nature 416, 713 (2002).
[11] M. Shiraishi et al., Adv. Func. Mat. on-line published on Nov. 2nd 2009.
[12] K. Muramoto, M. Shiraishi et al., submitted.
[13] N. Mitoma, M. Shiraishi et al., in preparation.
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o�êS]1PÅ9ÔDÞ:9Q£H[4,5]=¯���b8;a�èT89:1:�cH1O��dæA��°@
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T89:H=b���nlq¡®� �w��$nÔj�kl��(D��H`Î�eE�ª7:°@�w1W�
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���) �&9��nlq¡®l�wTW2S�a¿2b04iw?H=
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22
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26
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27
� !����������� ������������!����#���������������!���$������ �������$����#��(�!��� ���������
K. Harigaya, AIST, Tsukuba
Nanocarbon materials are investigated intensively. In this paper, the edge-state in nanographene materials with
zigzag edges is studied theoretically. In particular, while the inter-layer interactions are considered, we prove that
edge states exist at the energy of the Dirac point in the doubly stacked nanographene, and in the case of the
infinitely-wide lower layer case. This property applies both for the A-B and A-C stackings. We also study possible
magnetic properties in fullerenes with defects and buckybowl molecules. When the number of lattice defects in C60 is
even, we obtain magnetic and nonmagnetic solutions. The total energy of the nonmagnetic solution is lower than
that of the magnetic solution. The occurrence of the localized spin is reduced for finite onsite Coulomb repulsions.
When the number of defects is odd, magnetic solutions are obtained only. The spin density reflects the symmetry of
the molecules. We also consider possible magnetic states in buckybowl molecules. We find localized spin order in the
sumanene molecule and a part of the C60.
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Edge states of epitaxially grown graphene on 4H-SiC(0001) studied
by scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy
AGrad. Sch. Sci., Hiroshima Univ., BHSRC, Hiroshima Univ., CDep. Phys., Fudan Univ.
M. YeA, Y. T. CuiB, Y. NishimuraA, Y. YamadaA, S. QiaoC, A.KimuraA,
M. NakatakeB, M. SawadaB, H. NamatameB, M. TaniguchiA,B
The edge properties of single layer graphene epitaxially grown on 4H-SiC(0001) have been extensively
investigated with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) at the
temperature of 78K. We have observed the armchair- and zigzag-type edges of single layer graphene at the step edge
of partially graphitized 4H-SiC(0001) substrate. Super-structure possessing the ( 3x 3)R30¡ periodicity with
respect to the graphene lattice has been found in the vicinity of graphene edge, which is similar to the case of
graphite edge [1] [2]. And the atomic-structure-dependency of the localized electronic states in the vicinity of
different types of graphene edges has been directly observed by means of STS. The electron-doped edge states at
zigzag-type edge shows double-peak shape in the STS spectra, which indicates the lifting of degeneracy of the edge
states due to the substrate effect [3]. This result should be a substantiation of the existence of the edge states of
epitaxially grown graphene on SiC substrate, and the local magnetic properties of graphene edge should therefore be
attached with extra importance and attention.
[1] Y. Niimi, T. Matsui, H. Kambara, K. Tagami, M. Tsukada, H. Fukuyama, Phys. Rev. B 73, (2006) 085421.
[2] Y. Kobayashi, K. Fukui, T. Enoki, K. Kusakabe, Y. Kaburagi, Phys. Rev. B 71, (2005) 193406.
[3] S. Y. Zhou, G.-H. Gweon, A. V. Fedorov, P. N. First, W. A. de Heer, D.-H. Lee, F. Guinea, A. H. Castro Neto and
A. Lanzara, Nature Materials 6, (2007) 770.
29
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{A0 Si, C���º|�gm�UVWÊç�9:2b04�w?H=bé�¯°(�a��ma �� �{A4ª7
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b�P��-9�°�Si, C ����gW«¦0�T4¿20i�82=;H�*lßnPÈ4JU<2�>:��m
,A4�o¡®|�Wó<2b0wT��m�H*lßnP� Si ��gW¾34§,�9:2��4(:=�w
�14T�*lßn� Si �g$qq eE�(:0��T8�*lßn|���¤Èo�Òu�H¾3a¿20
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91, 226107(2003).
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[1] C. L. Kane and E. J. Mele, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 146802 (2005).
[2] A. Yamakage, K.-I. Imura, J. Cayssol and Y. Kuramoto, Eur. Phys. Lett. 87, 47005 (2009).
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[1] K.-I. Imura, Y. Kuramoto, K. Nomura, Phys. Rev. B 80, 085119 (2009).
[2] C.L. Kane, E.J. Mele, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 226801 (2005).
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[1] C.L. Kane, E.J. Mele, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 226801 (2005).
[2] A. Yamakage, K.-I. Imura, J. Cayssol, Y. Kuramoto, Europhys. Lett. 87, 47005 (2009).
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K. Esaki, M. Sato, M. Kohmoto, B. I. Halperin, Phys. Rev. B 80, 125405 (2009).
42
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:L Ã�!Songlin Li"A�9� P� AE�9q Û/ DE��» ¨� ABCE
�IÓ�� A�|}M B��M C�(ÇUÈ�IJ D, CRESTE�
Graphene is an attractive material for nanoelectronics due to its high carrier mobility and the possibility of large-
area fabrication. After the demonstration of high-performance field-effect transistors (FETs), it is interesting to
fabricate various digital logic units and fulfill the logic operations. However, due to the metallic nature, the
performance of graphene devices is still low. In Ref. 1 (Traversi e al, Appl. Phys. Lett., 94 (2009) 223312), for example,
the maximum voltage gain reaches only 0.044 in a single-gate monolayer graphene inverter. Here we report the
44
electrical characteristics in dual-gate bilayer graphene (BLG) inverters. In contrast to the single-gate inverters1, the
top gate (TG) is used as the input terminal and the bottom gate (BG) serves as a specific terminal to apply the
perpendicular field to tune the band structure in our devices. The dependence of voltage gain on both the BG and
drain biases was systematically measured. Enhanced voltage gains, with a maximum value of 3.2, were
demonstrated in the dual-gate BLG inverters. In particular, a complementary p- and n-type FET pairs are fulfilled
by only adjusting drain voltage without an additional electrical annealing process1.
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10:10-10:30L L äL L þó��M�âState-resolved study of molecular diffusion
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V. Podzorov(Rutgers University)�C. Daniel Frisbie(University of Minnesota)�Stefan Tautz(Forschungszentrum
Jülich)�Frank Schreiber(Universitaet Tuebingen)�Chen Wei(National University of Singapore) ��ã!�÷�"��
b�`Da°9ö�<2=!±áL qå"
¤ ¥ ¦ § ¨�
Q�E� F� ���b�i�
[Chair: T. Hasegawa] 13:00 Opening (N. Ueno, Chiba Univ.) 13:10 C. D. Frisbie (Univ. of Minnesota)
"Scanning Probe Microscopy of Ultrathin Pentacene Films: Epitaxy, Defects, and Energetic Disorder"
13:45 M. Nakamura (Chiba Univ.)
"Relationship between HOMO-Band and Crystal Structures in Pentacene Polycrystalline Thin-Films"
Coffee Break (14:10 – 14:40) [Chair: J. Takeya] 14:40 S. Kuroda (Nagoya Univ.)
"ESR Observation of Field-Induced Charge Carriers in Organic Transistors"
15:05 T. Hasegawa (AIST)
"ESR Study on Charge Dynamics and Distribution of Localized States in Organic Transistors"
����D�¨·��Â�
GxÙ�r©�ª%�ÚÛH�Á"-J��f�$���#���� �g�"��$���������+������#�����#������+�#��f�
48
15:30 A. S. Mishchenko (RIKEN)
"Distribution of Localized States from the Fine Analyses of Electron Spin Resonance Spectra: Basics of the
Method"
Coffee Break (15:55 – 16:25) [Chair: M. Nakamura] 16:25 J. Takeya (Osaka Univ.)
"Hall Effect in Field-Effect Transistors of Thin-Film and Single-Crystal Organic Semiconductors"
16:50 H. Okamoto (Univ. of Tokyo)
"Ultrafast Exciton and Carrier Dynamics in a Rubrene Single Crystal"
Coffee Break (17:15 – 17:30) 17:30 – 18:30 Poster Preview
V�E� F� ���bIi�
[Chair: S. Kuroda] 9:00 S. Tautz (Forschung. Juelich)
"Highly Ordered Molecular Adsorbate Layers on Metal Surfaces: from Surface Science to Molecular
Electronics"
9:35 N. Takagi (Univ. of Tokyo)
"Spin state, magnetic anisotropy and Kondo effect: Iron(II) phthalocyanine on metal substrates"
10:00 Y. Morikawa (Osaka Univ.)
"Theoretical Study of Interfacial Dipoles at Metal/Organic Interfaces"
Coffee Break (10:25 – 10:55)
[Chair: Y. Kobozono] 10:55 Y. Iwasa (Tohoku Univ.)
"Development of Liquid Gated Transistors"
11:20 H. M. Yamamoto (RIKEN)
"Field Effect Transistor Based on an Organic Mott-Insulator"
11:45 S. Ishibashi (AIST)
"Computational Approach to Exotic Electronic Properties at Interfaces"
Lunch Break (12:10 – 13:20) [Chair: T. Mori] 13:20 M. Hiramoto (IMS)
"Organic p-i-n Solar Cells Incorporating Seven-nine Purified Fullerene"
13:45 H. Tajima (Univ. of Tokyo)
"Magnetophotocurrent Effect in Organic Photovoltaic Devices"
14:10 T. Takenobu (Tohoku Univ.)
"Interface Control and Light Emission"
Coffee Break (14:35 – 15:05)
49
[Chair: Y. Iwasa] 15:05 Y. Kubozono (Okayama Univ.)
"Fabrication of High-Performance Field-Effect Transistors with Aromatic Hydrocarbon Molecules by
Interface Control"
15:30 T. Mori (TITEC)
"High-Resolution Transparent Carbon Electrodes for Organic Field-Effect Transistors Produced by
Solution Method and Laser Sintering Method and Laser Sintering"
Coffee Break (15:55 – 16:25)
[Chair: Y. Morikawa] 16:25 F. Schreiber (Univ. Tuebingen)
"High-Resolution Studies of Organic Adsorbates on Metal Crystals using X-ray Standing Waves: Molecular
Distortions and their Implications for Organic Electronics"
17:00 W. Chen (Nat. Univ. of Singapore)
"STM and Synchrotron Studies of the Molecule-Substrate Interface"
17:35 N. Ueno (Chiba Univ.)
"First Principles Measurement of Hole Mobility in Organic Semiconductors with UPS: Bridging Electronic
States and Electrical Property"
18:10 – 20:00 Banquet
n�E� F� ���bJi�
[Chair: N. Ueno] 9:00 V. Podzorov (Rutgers Univ.)
"Self-Assembled Monolayers on Organic Semiconductors: Characterization, Growth Mechanism, Transport
and Optical Properties"
9:35 K. Tajima (Univ. of Tokyo)
"Enhanced Charge Transports in Polymer Thin Film Transistors Prepared by Contact Film Transfer
Method"
10:00 K. Saiki (Univ. of Tokyo)
"Control of Organic Film Growth by Physical and Chemical Modification of Substrates"
Coffee Break (10:25 – 10:55)
[Chair: K. Saiki] 10:55 Y. Kim (RIKEN)
"Electronic Structure of a Carbon Nanotube on Various Electrode Surfaces"
11:20 M. Shiraishi (Osaka Univ.)
"Transport and Gate-induced Modulation of Pure Spin Current in Single- and Multi-layer Graphene"
11:45 K. Kusakabe (Osaka Univ.)
"A theoretical Analysis on Reaction Processes of Carbon Nano-structures with Metal Oxides"
12:10 K. Tsukagoshi (MANA-NIMS)
"Band-gap Modulation in Bilayer Graphene"
12:35 Closing (H. Tajima, ISSP)
50
¶°B�@�·�A�
1. T. Uemura (Osaka Univ.)
"Monolithic Complementary Inverters Based on Intrinsic Semiconductors of Organic Single Crystals"
2. H. Yamane (IMS)
"Impact of Geometric Structure on Interface Energetics and Electronic Band Dispersion in Thin Films of
Pentacene"
3. J. Inoue (TITEC)
"Organic Field-Effect Transistors with Electrodes Produced from Organic Semiconductors by Laser Irradiation"
4. S. Tao (Univ. of Tokyo)
"Temperature and Excitation Energy Dependence of Ultrafast Dynamics of Photoexcited States in Rubrene Single
Crystals"
5. S. Shimizu (Univ. of Tokyo)
"Mediating Role of Magnesium Substrate in n-Type Doping of Tetrathianaphthacene (TTN) to Tris-(8-
hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3)"
6. K. Mukai (Univ. of Tokyo)
"The Interaction between F4-TCNQ and the 2-Methylpropene Terminated Si(100) Surface"
7. Y. Kanamori (Univ. of Tokyo)
"Fabrication of Highly Orientated �-Sexithiophene Grains on Artificially Patterned Substrates: Graphoepitaxy"
8. S. Obata (Univ. of Tokyo)
"Electrical Properties of Chemically Prepared Graphene"
9. Q. Wei (Univ. of Tokyo)
"Surface-Segregated Monolayers: A New Type of Ordered Monolayer for Surface Modification of Organic
Semiconductors"
10. S. Kera (Chiba Univ.)
"Electronic states and spin configuration of Mn-phthalocyanine films"
11. T. Nishi (Chiba Univ.)
"Electronic Structure of TNAP on Bismuth (001)"
12. S. Duhm (Chiba Univ.)
"Orientation Dependent Ionization Energy of Organic Thin Films: The Role of Intramolecular Polar Bonds"
13. S. Hosoumi (Chiba Univ.)
"Hole-vibration coupling in an oriented thin film of Perfluoropentacene"
14. S. Haas (AIST)
"High-Performance Dinaphthothienothiophene (DNTT) Single-Crystal Field-Effect Transistors"
15. S. Haas (AIST)
"Charge and Field Modulation Spectroscopy on Organic Thin-Film Transistors"
16. H. Matsui (AIST)
"Spatially-Resolved Frequency Response Analyses on Organic Thin-Film Transistors”
17. H. Yuan (Tohoku Univ.)
"Liquid Gated ZnO Transistor and Its Polarity Selective Operation"
18. J. T. Ye (Tohoku Univ.)
"Inducing Superconductivity in Layered Material Based Electronic Double Layer Field Effect Transistors" �
51
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Physicists are often so awestruck by the lofty achievements of the past, we end up thinking all the big stuff is done,
which blinds us to the revolutions ahead. We are still firmly in the throws of the quantum revolution that began a
hundred years ago. Quantum gravity, quantum computers, qu-bits and quantum phase transitions, are
manifestations of this ongoing revolution. Nowhere is this more so, than in the evolution of our understanding of the
collective properties of quantum matter.
Fifty years ago, physicists were profoundly shaken by the discovery of universal power-law correlations at
classical second-order phase transitions. Today, interest has shifted to Quantum Phase Transitions: phase
transitions at absolute zero driven by the violent jiggling of quantum zero-point motion. Quantum, or Qu-transitions
have been observed in ferromagnets, helium-3, ferro-electrics, heavy electron and high temperature superconductors.
Unlike its classical counterpart, a quantum critical point is a kind of "black hole" in the materials phase diagram: a
singularity at absolute zero that profoundly influences wide swaths of the material phase diagram at finite
temperature.
I'll talk about some of the novel ideas in this field including "avoided criticality" - the idea that high temperature
superconductivity nucleates about quantum critical points - and the growing indications that electron quasiparticles
break up at a quantum critical point.
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52
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53
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Although there is no local order parameter for the Haldane gap phase, it is separated from a trivial disordered
phase by a quantum phase transition. We attribute this to a topological order in the Haldane gap phase.
However, the question still remains: what exactly is the topological order? First, we revisit existing
characterizations of the topological order in terms of a hidden Z 2 x Z2 symmetry breaking, and of edge states. We
find a fundamental difference between odd- and even-S Haldane gap phases.
Furthermore, we introduce a novel characterization of the topological order in terms of an intrinsic parity with
respect to inversion. Each characterization shows the robustness of the topological order in the presence of an
appropriate symmetry. In particular, the “intrinsic parity” protects the topological order as long as the system is
invariant under inversion about a center of bond, even when the hidden symmetry breaking and edge states fail to
characterize the Haldane gap phase.
Reference:
F. Pollmann, E. Berg, A. M. Turner, and M. O., arXiv:0909.4059
http://jp.arxiv.org/abs/0909.4059
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The spin wave spectra of surfaces and ultrathin films in the range of large wave vectors and large energies are
largely unexplored. Neither Brillouin light scattering can be used because of insufficient wave vector of the photons
or too low scattering cross section of the neutrons, respectively. By contrast Spin-Polarized Electron Energy Loss
Spectroscopy (SPEELS) has high surface sensitivity and the scattered electrons can have large energy loss and large
wave vector transfer.
L The angle resolved scattered intensity of an incident electron beam with spin polarization parallel and antiparallel
to the magnetization of the ferromagnetic film is measured. We show that spin wave loss peaks can be observed with
SPEELS up to the surface Brillouin zone boundary. They are visible as pronounced peaks in the intensity spectrum
for incident minority spin electrons. This is demonstrated for an 8 monolayer thick Co film on Cu(001). Te measured
spin wave energy at the zone boundary is about 270meV. The spin wave loss peaks are strongly damped at large
energies by the Stoner excitation continuum. Majority spin electrons absorb magnons and therefore lead to energy
gain peaks in the spectrum.
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54
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Semiconductor Quantum Dots and Nanowires for Optoelectronic Applications
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Program
16:00-16:50
Austen C. Angell (Arizona State University)
A 'big picture' for the thermodynamics of molecular and network glasses
16:50-17:20
K. Ishii and H. Nakayama (Gakushuin University)
Liquid-liquid structural relaxation in supercooled liquid state of ethylbenzene and related compounds.
17:20-17:50
O. Yamamuro and S. Tatsumi (ISSP, University of Tokyo)
Glass transitions and low-energy excitations of vapor-deposited simple molecular glasses
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We introduce a unital associative algebra A over degenerate CP^1. We show that A is a commutative algebra and
whose Poincare series is given by the number of partitions. Thereby we can regard A as a smooth degeneration limit
of the elliptic algebra introduced by one of the authors and Odesskii. Then we study the commutative family of the
Macdonald difference operators acting on the space of symmetric functions. A canonical basis is proposed for this
family by using A and the Heisenberg representation of the commutative family. It is found that the Ding-Iohara
algebra provides us with an algebraic framework for the free field construction. An elliptic deformation of our
construction is discussed, showing connections with the Drinfeld quasi-Hopf twisting a la Babelon Bernard Billey,
the Ruijsenaars difference operator and the operator M(q,t_1,t_2) of Okounkov-Pandharipande.
55
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I will discuss the implementation of the diagrammatic Monte Carlo technique on the L-shaped Keldysh contour.
This machinery will be applied to quantum dots and used as an impurity solver in non-equilibrium DMFT
calculations. Specifically, I will present results on the current-voltage characteristics of the Anderson impurity
model and on the relaxation dynamics of the Hubbard model after a sudden change in the interaction strength.
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I will present a theory of the static electron polarizability of crystals whose energy spectrum is modified by
quantizing magnetic fields. I will show that the polarizability is strongly affected by nondissipative Hall currents
induced by the presence of crossed electric and magnetic fields:these can even change its sign. I will illustrate the
results in detail for a two-dimensional square lattice. A important consequence is that the polarizability and the
Hall conductivity are, respectively, linked to the two topological quantum numbers entering the so-called
Diophantine equation. These numbers could in principle be detected in actual experiments. Work done in
collaboration with P. Streda and T. Martin.
ReferenceâP. Streda, T. Jonckheere and T. Martin,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 146804 (2008)
http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.146804
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In this presentation I will review our recent results obtained in low-dimensional and frustrated spin systems
using high-field Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) at the National High Magnetic Laboratory, Tallahassee, USA, and
the Dresden High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Germany. It includes the observation of the sine-Gordon behaviour of
magnetic excitations in quantum spin-chain material Cu-PM, observation of the two-magnon bound states in the
new candidate for the magnon Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) NiCl2-4SC(NH2)2 (known as DTN),
antiferromagnetic resonance in the frustrated hexagonal multiferroic material YMnO3, observation of the excitation
spectrum in the spin-ladder material BPCB and others. The talk will give also a brief introduction into the recent
development of the high-field ESR program at the High Magnetic Field Laboratory in Dresden.
56
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We review recent results on spin glasses using duality arguments. Spin glasses have a poorly-understood frozen
phase that can be seen as "ordered in time but disordered in space". Although spin glasses are relatively well
understood on a mean-field level, there is little consensus on the nature of the spin-glass state in finite dimensions
and real materials. Investigations for spin glasses in finite dimensions rely mainly on numerical studies because
there are few analytical methods that work in finite space dimensions. A step towards a deeper understanding of
spin glasses is to develop analytical methods that allow one to obtain exact or very precise estimates for
characteristic quantities, such as critical parameters to support and judge the reliability of numerical techniques.
Recently, we developed a duality analysis using renormalization group techniques, which is known to deliver the
exact location of the critical point for non-random spin systems.
In this talk I review recent results central to the study of spin glasses using duality arguments. First, we
determine the precise location of the multicritical point as a benchmark of the method. Furthermore, we obtain the
first analytical evidence for the absence of a finite-temperature spin-glasses transition in two-dimensional systems.
Second, we estimate the slope of the phase boundary which represents the decay of the ferromagnetic phase due to
randomness. This shows that the general result by Eytan Domany on the slope of the phase boundary [J. Phys. C 12,
L119 (1979)], commonly used as a benchmark for numerical approximations, is not universal.
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57
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We argue that an ultracold quantum degenerate gas of ytterbium 173Yb atoms having nuclear spin I = 5/2 exhibits
an enlarged SU(6) symmetry. We shall discuss the consequences of this symmetry for ultracold 173Yb gases loaded in
optical lattices. We argue that, in an optical lattice at current experimentally accessible temperatures, Mott states
with different filling are expected to coexist in the same trap. Moreover, within the Landau Fermi liquid theory,
stability criteria against Fermi liquid (Pomeranchuk) instabilities in the spin channel will be discussed. Focusing on
the SU(n > 2) generalizations of ferromagnets, it is shown, within mean-field theory, that the transition from the
paramagnet to the itinerant ferromagnet is generically first order. These SU(n > 2) ferromagnets can become stable
by increasing the scattering length using optical methods or in an optical lattice.
58
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Interplay of electron correlation and randomness is studied using the Anderson-Hubbard model [1-2]. This model is
one of the minimal models of real strongly correlated materials under the influence of inevitable randomness, and its
Hamiltonian includes the nearest-neighbor hopping, on-site repulsion and spatially uncorrelated random potential.
Using the Hartree-Fock approximation, we obtain the ground-state phase diagram for three dimensions. One might
think that, under the influence of the randomness, the single-particle density of states (DOS) is nonzero at the Fermi
energy even in insulating phases because of localized impurity levels induced by randomness. However, we find that the
DOS vanishes toward the Fermi energy under the influence of electron correlation. This indicates that an
unconventional soft gap emerges from the coexistence of on-site repulsion and randomness. We call it a soft Hubbard gap.
As the origin of the soft Hubbard gap, we propose a phenomenology on the basis of the picture of a multivalley energy
landscape. The predicted scaling of the DOS by the energy is in perfect agreements with the numerical results. We
show further numerical evidence of the soft Hubbard gap in one dimension within the Hartree-Fock approximation and
exact diagonalization. Finally, we compare the present theory with experimental results for SrRu1-xTixO3.
Reference:
[1] H. Shinaoka and M. Imada, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 016404(1-4) (2009).
[2] H. Shinaoka and M. Imada, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 78, 094708(1-20) (2009).
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Two seemingly distinct systems are analyzed and, somewhat unexpectedly, shown to be related. System I -The
Dirac monopole: A (spinless) electron on a sphere subject to a central magnetic field B = g r/r 2. The Aharonov-Bohm
effect plays a key role [Wu and Yang, Phys. Rev. D 12, 3845(1975)], as it clarifies the construction of a non-singular
vector potential and its relation to the Dirac quantization condition 2eg = nhc (n =0, 1, 2...). I approach this problem
from a "condensed matter point of view" using a tight binding model. For highly symmetric lattices, the energy
spectrum is calculated analytically as function of n and displays a beautiful pattern, which is entirely distinct from
that of the Hofstadter butterfly. The systematics of level degeneracy is unusual and poses some challenges to the
theory of point symmetry groups. The spectrum of an electron hopping on the sites of a Fullerene reveals a set of
magic (monopole) numbers ni.
L System II -Spin-Orbit in a central field: A (spinfull) electron on a sphere subject to an electric field E = q r/r2. Spin-
orbit interaction results through the Pauli equation and, in a tight binding formalism, leads to peculiar Aharonov-
Casher effect. The spectrum is calculated analytically as function of the (dimensionless) spin-orbit strength and
displays rich and beautiful pattern with some unexpected symmetries in which physics and geometry interlace.
L Connection between I and II: I expose a remarkable relation between the two seemingly distinct physical problems:
The energy spectrum in system II at a certain symmetry point is identical with the energy spectrum in system I at n =
1. Thus, it is principally possible to test the physics of an experimentally inaccessible system (magnetic monopole) in
terms of an experimentally accessible one (electron subject to spin-orbit force induced by central electric field).
59
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L The role of Coulomb correlations in the iron pnictide LaFeAsO is studied by generalizing exact diagonalization
dynamical mean field theory to five orbitals.[1] For rotationally invariant Hund's rule coupling a continuous transition
from a paramagnetic Fermi-liquid phase to a non-Fermi-liquid metallic phase exhibiting frozen moments is found at
moderate Coulomb energies. For Ising-like exchange, this transition is first order and occurs at a lower critical
Coulomb energy. The correlation-induced scattering rate as a function of doping relative to half-filling, i.e.,
� = n/5-1, where n = 6 for the undoped material, is shown to be qualitatively similar to the one in the two-dimensional
single-band Hubbard model.[2] In this scenario, the parent Mott insulator of LaFeAsO is the half-filled n = 5 limit,
while the undoped n = 6 material corresponds to the critical doping region �c � 0.2 in the cuprates, on the verge between
the Fermi-liquid phase of the overdoped region and the non-Fermi-liquid pseudogap phase in the underdoped region.
[1] H. Ishida and A. Liebsch, arXiv:0911.1940 submitted to PRB
[2] A. Liebsch and N.H. Tong, Phys. Rev. B 80, 165123 (2009)
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³E�v���Ð0 ¤1°�vJ¶°�v��ÉÊi�a 1WvJ–v�Ê��GOÞ������i��ÈDC¼]È
0�9v�µbÀ�����D�ø<2S�a¿2=b�×î �ÐPLÍ(4³{a¿°�:w12vJ–v��Í�Æ:
9S¨¾8�i��ÈabÀ�����D�ø<2�a�ÉÊi��ÈDÞ:2×î0�t9²ø4,:0:Ø,Ù4¿2=
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[1] H. Takahashi et al, J. Chem. Phys. 119, 7964 (2003).
[2] N. Matubayasi et al, J. Chem. Phys. 113, 6070 (2000).
[3] H. Takahashi and N. Matubayasi et al, J. Chem. Phys. 121, 3989 (2004).
60
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Quantized vortices appear in various systems such as superfluid helium, superconductor, ultracold atomic Bose-
Einstein condensates (BEC), and so on, and they are characterized by the topological charge. Vortices with the
topological charge which obeys non-Abelian algebra can be identified as non-Abelian vortices. Although all integer
and fractional vortices which have been studied in superfluid, superconductor, and atomic BEC are Abelian, we
show that simplest non-Abelian vortices can appear in the system of a spin2-spinor BEC.
We futher show that the non-Abelian properties become remarkable in the collision dynamics of vortices.
For example, when two vortices collide with each other, well known reconnection dynamics is topologically
forbidden and a new vortex appears between the two vortices and connects them, following the algebraic manner.
hij¿À@�ÜݯDÁ_^Âj�++�#���+������#���#��������������������!���#�������� ����#����� �
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In strongly correlated electron systems, one should take account of considerably different energy scales of a bare
Coulomb repulsion and a renormalized kinetic energy. Additionally, the momentum-dependent correlations among
quasiparticles must be relevant in considering 2nd-order phase transitions of superconductivity, magnetism etc. A
dual nature of electrons in energy and momentum spaces and its interplay are essential in the vicinity of a quantum
critical point.
L Weak-coupling approaches such as perturbation and FLEX for low-energy effective models, or (cluster) dynamical
mean field theory (DMFT) for strong short-range correlations have been developed to study strongly correlated
electron systems. The interplay between electronic states in two opposite extremes is indispensable to show a
variety in strongly correlated electron systems, however, which is difficult to treat based on one fixed point.
L I propose a hybrid approach, which takes account of nonlocal correlations around DMFT solution. A diagrammatic
construction of nonlocal fluctuations using a local vertex is developed to improve DMFT self energy. I will discuss
mainly one-particle spectrum in the Hubbard and the Anderson lattice models. I will also touch on recent progress of
theories in this direction.
61
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