vizSy&flrEcj 2007 - JAGORI · 2 vizSy&flrEcj 2007 vizSy&flrEcj 2007 3 lqfuy lsu] ^fØ,'kUl* esfiu...

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eq[k i`"Beq[ki`"Bksa ds ,oa vUnj ds tks fp=kf'kjdr xkg] ikfdLrkuls fy, x, gSa] osxzsV ,UlssLVtZ+ % foesu vlfV±xjkbV~l bu eqfLye dkWUVsDLV~l]Qjhnk 'kghn o vk;'kk ,y-,Q- 'kghn] ikfdLrku 2004 izdk'ku ls gSaA

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vizSy&flrEcj 2007

bl vad esagekjh ckr 1

ys[k• eq[;/kkjk ls ijs & vkSjrksa dh jax'kkyk yrk flag 8• yksdxhrksa dh nqfu;k o vkSjrksa dh vkokt+ t;k JhokLro 18• pqfIi;ksa ls ijs % vkSjrksa ds mRlo xhr f'k[kk f>axu 25• jkek;.k dh dgkuh% vkSjrksa dh tq+ckuh ucuhrk nsc lsu 44• Fksjh xkFkk % ckS) fHk{kqf.k;ksa ds xhr tqgh tSu 66• uq'kw % izfr'kks/k dh Hkk"kk tqgh tSu 70

dgkuh• /kjrh dh xwat oksYxk 31

laokn• lkFk ugha] ij uke lgh f=kiqjkfj 'kekZ 55• D;k ckr flQ+Z ;kSfud vkt+knh dh gS\ lquhrk Bkdqj 60

js[kkfp=• ukSVadh&dy vkSj vkt nhfIr fiz;k esgjks=kk 12• ^xt+y* & csxe v[+rjh ckbZ QSt+kcknh tqgh tSu 38

dfork• cljk dh jkfc;k Qdhj vukfedk 6• eqLdjk dj rks nsf[k, lfork pM~<k 11• ekSfl;ka vukfedk 30• vkxkt+ rks gksrk gS ekgtcha 1⁄4ehuk dqekjh1⁄2 43• cksyks rqe D;k pqi cSBksxs lq/kk pkSgku 65• ckny vkSj pêku ekgtcha 1⁄4ehuk dqekjh1⁄2 71

xhr• rsjks dksbZ u jksd.k gkj ehjkckbZ 49• vc u jgwaxh rksjs gB dh ehjkckbZ 49

iqLrd leh{kk• nzkSinh tqgh tSu 50

fQYe leh{kk• Ük`axkje~ tqgh tSu 63

fp= izn'kZuh• xaxk dh csfV;ka 'khck NkNh 68

u;k izdk'ku• fgalk vc vkSj ugha % lqj{kk ls vkRej{kk dh vksj--- 72

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vizSy&flrEcj 2007 1

dk ;g vad vkSjrksa dh vfHkO;fDr dh ijEijkvksa ds uke gS vkSjrksa us [kqn dks dSls O;Dr fd;k] os D;k dgrh gSa vkSj fdu lanHkksZa esa vkSj vius xhrksa] vYQ+kt+ksa o ys[kuh ds t+fj, os fdldh vksj eq[kkfrc gSa\ esjh fnyh reUuk gS fd ;g vfHkO;fDr gesa vkSjrksa dh pqfIi;ksa dks lquus dk Hkh ekSdk ns] vkSj mu [k+keksf'k;ksa dks t+qcku ns tks vDlj 'kCnksa ls T+;knk eq[kj gksrh gSaA

'kk;n bl vad dh 'kq#vkr dk lcls csgrjhu jkLrk mu reke rjhd+ksa dks [kkstus dh dksf'k'k gS ftuds t+fj, vkSjrksa dh vfHkO;fDr dh ijEijkvksa dks le>k x;k gSA vkSj blh le> dks rjk'kus ds fy, eSa mÙkj Hkkjr dh dyk&laxhr ijEijk ij ,d ut+j Mky jgh gwaA

,d nwljk rjhd+k ftldh vksj ukjhokfn;ksa us b'kkjk fd;k gS og gS gesa bl lp ls #c# djkuk fd fir`lÙkkRed lekt us vkSjrksa dks vfHkO;fDr dh txg ugha nh gSA mudk ekuuk gS fd fir`lÙkk us vkSjrksa dks [k+keks'k dj fn;k gSA ;g okdbZ lp gS vDlj vkSjrksa dks mPpdksfV dh dyk ijEijkvksa esa viuh ckr dgus&lquus dh txg vkSj ekSds de gh feys gSaA

ij dqN yksxksa dk ;g Hkh ekuuk gS fd 'kk;n ge vkSjrksa ds Loj mu njhpksa esa ryk'k jgs gSa tgak og ekStwn gSa gh ughaA vxj bl ut+fj, ls <aw<as rks gesa ?kj ds vkaxu] ngyht+ o jlksbZ esa] dgkorksa&yksdksfDr;ksa esa] cPpksa dks cgykus ds fy, lqukbZ xbZ dgkfu;ksa dh vuqxawt esa ;g vfHkO;fDr;ka fleVh ut+j vk,axhA

bu nksuksa ut+fj;ksa dks le>rs gq, ge ;g fu"d"kZ fudky ldrs gSa fd vf/kdka'k le; vkSjrksa dh igq¡p xzUFkksa ds NqV iqV lQ+ksa dh ijrksa rd gh lhfer jgh gSa ;k fQj mu lanHkksZa esa xqe gksdj jg xbZ gS tks vkSjrksa ds fy, mi;qDr vkSj BsB ekus tkrs gSa bu txgksa vkSj :iksa dks rkfydk esa nwljs ntsZ ij j[kk x;k gS rFkk Q+udkjksa dks Hkh nks;e le>k tkrk jgk gSA

ij blds ckotwn vkSjrksa dh vfHkO;fDr lfØ; vkSj l`tukRed jgh gSA vkSjrksa us viuh lksp ,d rh[ks vkSj iqjt+ksj vankt+ esa c;ku dh gS&mUgksus ijEijkxr vkSj :f<+oknh 'kSfy;ksa ls fo"k;ksa dks pqudj] mUgsa vius 'kCnksa esa xawFkdj ,d ubZ ifjHkk"kk esa <kyk gSA viuh vkokt+] viuh [+okfg'kksa] vius fonzksg ds lyhdksa ls mUgksaus fir`lRrkRed ekun.Mksa dks pqukSrh nh gSaA

vizSy&flrEcj 2007 2 vizSy&flrEcj 2007 3

dqN ,slk gh mUuhloha lnh ds var rFkk chloha lnh ds 'kq#vkrh nkSj esa ckbth vkSj rok;Q+ksa dh laxhre; ijEijkvksa ds lkFk Hkh gqvk FkkA ßbT+t+rnkjÞ vkSjrsa mPp dyk laxhr jok;rksa esa xS+j ekStwn FkhaA 1920 o 1930 ds nkSj esa O;olkf;d :i esa xkus okyh vkSjrksa esa flQZ+ rok;Q+sa gh FkhaA viuh ßbT+t+rnkjÞ cguksa ls lkekftd :Ik ls vygnk ;s rok;Q+sa ß?kjsywÞ vkSjrsa ugha FkhaA pwafd xk;dh dks ,d xS+j&bT+t+rnkj tkek iguk;k x;k Fkk fygkt+k rok;Q+ksa dks lekt esa bT+t+r rks nh tkrh Fkh ij e/;e oxZ dh vkSjrsa xk;dh ls nwj gh jgrh FkhaA

,d rcyk uokt+ dh iRuh us ,d nQ+k eq>s dgk Fkk ßge xkuk ugha xkrs] ;g dke rok;Q+ksa dk gS vkSj ge rok;Q+ ugha gSaAÞ blh rjg ,d ekSlh dh ckr djrs gq, mUgksaus eq>s crk;k ßmudks lkjh cafn'ksa] lkjs jkx lHkh vkrs FksA tc og xkrha Fkh rks vki muesa vkSj fdlh mLrkn esa Q+dZ+ ugha crk ldrs FksAÞ eSaus laxhrdkj ifjokjksa esa tUeha u tkus fdruh gh ,slh xq.kh vkSjrksa ds ckjs esa vufxur fdLls lqus gSaA ;g Hkh lquk gS fd os ?kjkus ds NksVs&NksVs f'k";ksa dks fdl rjg xk;dh esa izf'k{k.k nsrh FkhaA ij ;g dHkh ugha lquk fd os lkoZtfud :i ls xkrh FkhaA eSa ;gka Li"V :i ls dguk pkgrh gwa fd ;g gjfxt+ lp ugha gS fd ;g ?kjsyw vkSjrsa xkrh ugha FkhaA os xkrh Fkha ij dqN [k+kl ekSdksa ;k [k+kl ekgkSy esa ghA os O;olkf;d ;k is'ksoj vkSjrksa dh rjg ugha xkrh FkhaA

blds vykok dqN vU; lanHkksZa esa ge vkSjrksa dks xkrs lqurs gSa yksdxhr ijEijkvksa esaA yksdxhr dks lquus okys dksbZ ,d [k+kl oxZ ds yksx ;k jok;r ugha gksrhA bl fygkt+ ls ;g ,d ^egfQ+y* ugha gksrhA vkSjrksa ds yksdxhr ?kj dh pkS[kVksa ds Hkhrj] ft+anxh ds iM+koksa vkSj fjoktksa esa xqaFks gksrs gSa ;k fQj dke djrs gq, gkFkksa dh [kud esa ljkcksj dkuksa esa xwatrs jgrs gSa vukt ihlrs] Qly cksrs&dkVrs] ikuh Hkjrs gq,A vkSjrksa ds xhr vDlj lkewfgd xhr gksrs gSa ,dy xk, tkus okys dk;ZØe ugha gksrsA buesa pkgs ,d vkSjr xhr 'kq: djs ij iwjk lewg blesa 'kkfey gks tkrk gSA

laxhr&dkO; dyk ijEijkvksa esa vkSjrksa ds ;ksxnku ij ,d ut+j Mkysa rks ns[kus dks feyrk gS fd vkSjrksa us fdl rjg iq#"k vkf/kiR; ds nk;jksa esa dSn laxhr o ys[ku dh nqfu;k esa viuh txg cukbZ gSA iqjkruoknh laxhr dyk ijEijk esa vkSjrsa Bqejh xk;dh esa ikjaxr Fkh vkSj vf/kdrj efgyk dykdkj blh {ks=k rd lhfer FkhaA blds vykok vkSjrksas }kjk xk, xhrksa ds 'kCn o Hkko nksuksa gh fir`lRrkRed ewY;ksa ij jps Fks vkSj bl fygkt+ ls gesa mUgsa :f<+oknh Bgjk ldrs gSaA Bqejh xk;dh esa Hkh tgk¡ dFkkdkj Ok dykdkj nksuksa gh vkSjrsa Fkha igys igy lquus ij xhrksa ds cksy :f<+oknh eglwl gksrs gSaA ij [k+kl ckr ;g Fkh fd Bqejh dykdkj cksy cukrs cukrs 'kCnksa dks bl dnj dgrha Fkha fd [kwclwjrh ds lkFk vFkZ dks Hkh iquHkkZf"kr fd;k tk ldsA


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vizSy&flrEcj 2007 3

u`R; esa lgh ;k xyr ugha gksrkA tks ru vkSj eu dks vPNk yxs ogh

lgh gSA tks esjs 'kjhj dks vPNk u yxs eSa og dSls dj ldrh gwa\

1930 o 1940 ds n'kd esa vkSjrsa Bqejh xk;u ls nwj gksus yxhaA ml ih<+h dh xkf;dkvksa ds fy, bl ijEijkoknh xk;u 'kSyh ls iq#"k opZLo okyhs [k;ky xk;dh ds {ks=k esa 'kkfey gksuk egRoiw.kZ rks Fkk ij vfroknh ughaA Bqejh xk;dh dh rqyuk esa [k;ky xk;dh ds lkFk lkekftd ekU;rk,a Hkh ugha tqM+ha FkhaA

iq#"k fu;af=kr dyk fojklrksa esa vkSjrksa dk vkuk dksbZ vlk/kkj.k ckr ugha FkhA lksygoha 'krh esa vrqdqjh eksYyk }kjk rsyxw jkek;.k dh jpuk vkSjrksa ds bl vxz.kh d+ne dk lVhd mnkgj.k gSA lwt+h Fkk# o ds- yfyrk crkrh gSa fd dqEgkj tkfr dh efgyk ds fy, jkek;.k tSls /keZ xzUFk dh iqujZpuk vius vki esa ,d Økafrdkjh d+ne FkkA eksYyk dh eqgkojsnkj Hkk"kk] lhrk ds cpiu vkSj tokuh ij xkSj rFkk eknd dYiuk bl jpuk dh fo'ks"krk gSA blh Js.kh esa panzkcrh dh caxyk jkek;.k dk Hkh mYys[k fd;k tk ldrk gSA nksuksa gh jpukvksa esa vkSjrksa us mu txgksa ij viuk bf[+r;kj trk;k gS ftuls mUgsa vyx j[kk x;k FkkA vkSj bl bf[+r;kj ds lkFk&lkFk mUgksaus bu txgksa o mudh jok;rksa dks iquHkkZf"kr Hkh fd;k gSA

ij vkf[+kj vkSjrsa fdlds ckjs esa xkrh gSa\

vkSjrksa dh xk;u ijEijkvksa dks vDlj J`axkfjd fo"k;ksa rd lhfer jgus ds fy, vkykspuk dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA ;s vkykspd 'kkL=kh; laxhr dks xaHkhj] vueuk rFkk v&J`axkfjd vkSj jl foghu ekurs gSaA ;g vkykspuk mu izxfr'khy vkSj vk/kqfud fpUrdksa ls Hkh vkrh gS ftudh ut+j esa rok;Q+ksa ds xhrksa esa izhre ds fcNksg esa Mwch ukf;dk,a vkSjrksa dh ft+anxh dh lPpkb;ksa dks c;ku ugha djrhaA mUgsa ;g xhr vFkZghu yxrs gSa & ,d Lrj ij ;g lksp lgh Hkh gSA ij ;g lksp bl rF; dks Hkh iwjh rjg ut+jvankt+ djrh gS fd egfQ+yksa esa xkus okyh ;g Qudkj iqjkruoknh xzUFkksa esa jps vFkksZa dks fdl dnj pqukSrh nsdj myV nsrh gSaA


yksdxhrksa esa Hkh dqN ;gh lp fn[kkbZ iM+rk gSA dtjh] gksjh] lksgj] cUuk&cUuh vkfn jok;rksa ds yksdxhrksa esa ijEijkoknh ut+fj;k fn[kkbZ iM+rk gSA

bl vad esa vius ys[k ds t+fj, ucuhrk nsc lsu dgrh gSa fd nnZ ds ckjs esa ckr djuk pkgs vfroknh gks ;k bl ij ckr ekStwnk lkekftd laca/kksa dks cnyus esa ukdke;kc jgs fQj Hkh ;g dFkkvksa vkSj ?kVukvksa dks t+qcku nsdj ,d nwljs #[k ls ns[kus dk ut+fj;k is'k djrk gSA

,su xksYM vkSj Xyksfj;k jgstk crkrh gSa fd fdl rjg vkSjrksa ds lkewfgd xhr] et+kd] dgkorsa o dgkfu;ka viuh Q+DdM+ckt+h] rh[ksiu vkSj ekfeZdrk esa csgn eq[kj gksrs gSaA eSaus ;g fetkt+ lksgj xhrksa esa Hkh eglwl fd;k gSA lksgj xhr xHkkZoLFkk vkSj tpxh dh [kqf'k;ka eukus ds fy, xk, tkrs gSaA gkykafd lksgj dks cPps ds tUe dh [kq'kh ds xhr dh rjg ns[kk tkrk gS ij lPpkbZ ;gh gS fd lksgj csVs ds tUe ds t'u ds lkFk tqM+s gSaA eSaus ,sls dkQ+h lksgj xhr lqus gSa ftuesa tpxh ds nnZ] feryh] rdyhQ+ vkSj csVh iSnk gksus ds Mj dh nkLrkusa gaS vkSj lkFk gh bPNkvksa vkSj ;kSu lq[kksa dk Hkh o.kZu gSA

;gka ij xhrksa ds dsanz dk loky Hkh vge gSA ,d vkSjr dh dgkuh fdl vksj b'kkjk djrh gS\ ,d iq#"k }kjk dgh dgkuh ls og fdruh vyx gS\

;gka ij Hkkjrh jk; dh eeZLi'khZ jpuk ;kKlsuh dk mnkgj.k ysrs gSaA ;kKlsuh nzkSinh dh tqckuh egkHkkjr dk o.kZu gSA jk; dh nzkSinh ,d ncax efgyk gS tks vius lkFk gq, gj vU;k; dk fojks/k djrh gSA ij ;g nzkSinh FkksM+h vyx Hkh gSA jk; dh nzkSinh dh vkRek lUrki ls xzLr gS] og vius thou dh ?kVukvksa esa my>rh Hkh gSA jk; us vius ys[ku esa nzkSinh dh ihM+k vkSj my>u ij T+;knk roTtks nh gS mlds xqLls vkSj vkØks'k ij ughaA jk; dh nzkSinh vBkjg fnuksa ds ;q) dk o.kZu dqN gh okD;ksa esa lekIr dj nsrh gSA nzkSinh dk /;ku viuh ft+Yyr] rdyhQ+ vkSj nq[k ij gS ftlds pyrs egkHkkjr dk ;q) gqvkA bl iqLrd esa nzkSinh Ñ".k dh ^l[kh* ds :i esa fpf=kr gS tks Ñ".k ls izse djrh gS ij ml izse dh vfHkO;fDr u gksus ij] mls ,d ,slh xgjh nksLrh esa <ky ysrh gS ftldh dYiuk Hkh fir`lRrkRed lekt esa ugha dh tk ldrhA

jk; dh nzkSinh eq>s eqgjZe dh etfyl esa vkSjrksa }kjk i<+h tkus okyh vk;rksa dh ;kn djkrh gSaA eqgjZe ds ekl esa f'k;k leqnk; ds L=kh&iq#"k djcyk ds 'kghnksa dh dqckZuh dk ekre eukus ds fy, d#.k vk;rsa i<+rs gSaA ij iq#"k&L=kh }kjk ekre esa i<+h tkus okyh ijEijkvksa esa dkQ+h Q+dZ+ ut+j vkrs gSaA nksuksa L=kh o iq#"k nksuksa lkst+] ejfl;k] ukSgk i<+rs gSa ftuesa nq'eu dh pkyckft+;ksa vkSj viuksa dh ekSr dk foyki djrs gSaA

vizSy&flrEcj 2007 5

eSaus ik;k fd tks vk;rsa vkSjrsa i<+rh gSa os vius csVksa] Hkkb;ksa vkSj [kkfoanksa dh ekSr dk ekreh #nu gksrk gSA oks tax ls f?kjh nqfu;k esa vkSjr gksus dk xe rFkk tax dks vius 'kjhj ij >syus ds nnZ dk ekre eukrh gSaA eSaus mUgsa dHkh Hkh ;ks)kvksa dh pepekrh ryokjksa] ?kksM+ksa dh rkd+r vkSj QqrhZ rFkk taxksa esa ohjrk ds fdLlksa dh ckrsa djrs ugha lqukA tax esa 'kghn iq#"kksa dh [kwclwjrh dh ckrsa bu vk;rksa esa 'kkfey gSa] ,d ;ks)k dh rkd+r ds fdLls ughaA vkSjrksa dk /;ku nwljh vksj gSA bu vk;rksa dks i<+dj vkSjrsa vius nnZ] rM+i] iqjkuh tax ds fdLlksa dks ;kn djds Nkrh ihVrh vkSj vkalw cgkrh ut+j vkrh gSaA os ml iy dh ;kn esa thrh gSa] og ;kn tks lkewfgd gS] [kq'kh vkSj x+e nksuksa esa tks lka>h gSaA vkSjrsa viuh ihM+k vkSj vfrlaosnu'khyrk dks Hkh ,d lkewfgd ifjis{; esa vkadrh gSa& viuksa dks [kksus ds x+e dks Hkh leqnk; ds lkFk tksM+dj eglwl djrh gSaA

esjs [kqn ds fy, Hkh ,d f'k;k vkSjr dk ekre gkykafd ml ,sfrgkfld {k.k dk izrhd gS ij fQj Hkh mlds #nu esa viuh futh rdyhQ+ksa vkSj mnkfl;ksa dks eglwl djrh gwa] ;q)ksa dh ohHkRlrk vkSj Mj dks thrh gwa] bZjkd] xqtjkr] frCcr] fr;kukUesu LDos;j ds dRysvke dk vuqHko djrh gwaA bu vk;rksa ds t+fj, vkSjrsa 'kk;n nqfu;k dks bl lp ls #c# djkuk pkgrh gSa fd xkFkkxhrksa esa pfpZr 'kwjohj uk;dksa dh felky njvly tax ds vkradh vkSj 'kSrkuh psgjs dk gh nwljk :i gSA

Åij eSaus vkSjrksa dh vFkZiw.kZ [kkeksf'k;ksa dh ckrsa dh gSaA ge bu pqfIi;ksa dks gj rjQ+ lqurs gSa bu pqfIi;kas esa] y¶+t+ksa ls T+;knk rh[kkiu gSA tks vkSjrksa us xk;k ugha gks] tks mUgksaus dgk ugha gks ml [k+keks'kh esa geus <wa<h gSa tqckusaA geus <wa<h gSa tqckusaA geus <wa<h gSa tgeus <wa<h gSa t+geus <wa<h gSa tqckusaA geus <wa<h gSa t+geus <wa<h gSa t

budks lquus ds fy;s njvly gesa pkfg, flQZ+ ,d laosnu'khy vglkl tgka vkokt+ksa] >adkjksa vkSj cksyh ds varj <g x, gksaA vnkdkjh dh 'kSfy;ksa esa tc ge bu ewd] vcksyh] vkokt+ksa dk xqatu lqusaxs rc ge ukVdksa] xk;u vkSj ys[ku esa rjk'k ik,axs efgyk Qudkjksa] vnkdkjksa dh Nfo;ksa dks& viuh vfHkO;fDr ls vius ot+wn dks LFkkfir djrh l'kDr vkSjrksa dksA rc ge mUgsa ugha ns[ksaxs eqDrHkksxh] 'kghn] etcwj vkSj foÑr ikcafn;ksa ds lh[kpksa esa [k+keks'k vkSj rUgkA

fo|k jko

vuqokn % tqgh tSu

ds dRysvke dk vuqHko djrh gwaA bu vk;rksa ds t+fj, vkSjrsa 'kk;n nqfu;k dks bl lp ls #c# djkuk pkgrh gSa fd xkFkkxhrksa esa pfpZr 'kwjohj

vizSy&flrEcj vizSy&flrEcj vizSy&flrEcj 20076

ysfdu eSa vk;h Fkh iSny &

cl viuh Nkag gh yisVdj !

rc ls vc rd iSny pyh

tk jgh gwa

BS;ka dh NS;ka ryk'krh &

,d lnh ls nwljh lnh yka?krh]

uki jgh gwa

b'd dh eSa gn

eqYdksa dh ljgn is

fc[kjs gSa cljk ds eksrhA

,d gkFk esa yqdkBh gS esjs

nwljs esa ikuh dk eVdk]

,d ls pyh gwa cfg'r jk[k djus

nwljs ls yiVsa cq>kus nkst+[k dh !

eq>esa ctrh tkrh gSa fpefV;ka]

ckmyksa] lwfQ;ksa dh !

esjs VwVs ?kqa?k:

vkSj os fc[kjs gq, eksrh

churh gqbZ

ukp jgh gS esjh gh y; esa

vkt ryd /kjrhA

esjh bu m[kM+h gqbZ lkalksa esa tks Hkaoj gSa &

ukp jgk gS muesa

dfork

ysfdu eSa vk;h Fkh iSny &

cljk dh jkfc;k Qdhjvukfedk

csxe v[+rj dh Bqejh esa

tks eksrh gsjk x;s Fks & jkek &

cljk ds Fks !

BS;ka dk D;k gS] csxe v[+rj &

cxnkn ls cljk dh jsr rd &

eksrh fc[kjs Fks tks &

dksbZ Hkh rks Bkao ugha tkurs Fks!

,fg BS;ka] eqfr;k gsjk, xSys] jkek &

,fg BS;ka &

;s eksrh cljk ds Fks]

tc ;s fc[kjs Fks igys&igy

eSa cljk ls vk;h Fkh cxnkn iSnyA

ml le; dh ckr gS ;g

tc cxnkn ls vkSjrsa vkrh Fkha cljk

cSaxuh ikyfd;ksa ij

vkleku vks<+dj !

dgrs gSa dqN ;s tks eksrh Fks &

mudh vka[kksa ls >M+s FksA

dqN dgrs gSa&vjs] ugha&ugha]

os tc galrh Fkha] ;s >M+rs Fks!

vkrh Fkha os cxnkn ls cljk

cSaxuh ikyfd;ksa ij

vkleku vks<+dj !


lkS ifÙk;ksa dk dey [kwue[kwuA

;s esjs

nks gt+kj Ng lkyksa ls

c<+rs gh pys x, /kqvka&/kqvka ds'k

vkt vU/kM+ esa mM+dj

Nk;s gSa vkleku ijA

Nqik jgs gSa pkan&lwjt

mlesa viuk psgjk !

esjh ;s nw/k Hkjh Nkfr;ka

gSa ;k fd Tokykeqf[k;ka \

esjh >qylh ckagksa ij

fQj ls mxus yxh gSa ;s yky ifÙk;kaA

esjh os pkd csfV;ka

mB jgh gSa fQj

mlh vfxuik[kh&lhA

pVd jgs gSa vaMs

bjkd&;q) ds le; lSfud fo/kokvksa us gkFk mBkdj ,d leosr izkFkZuk dh Fkh % ;q) ds f[k+ykQ+A mlh izkFkZuk ds 'kCn vius <ax ls ltkus dh ;g dksf'k'k ekuh tk,A

lqyxrs gq, ?kksalys esaA

ysfdu ;s tks Vi&Vi cjl jgs gSa

gOok vka[kksa ls

cljk ds eksrh ugha gSa &

l`f"V ds igys flrkjs dh gSa

fpufx;kaA

[k+qnk ds leUnj esa nks tgkt+ myVs Fks &

nksuksa ls x<+s x, Fks gksaB vkSjr ds !

rwQkuksa dh gkgk&lka;&lka; cgrh gSa

nksuksa bu myVs tgkt+ksa esaA

cljk&cxnkn ,d djuk

fd BS;ka ugha tkurh uS;k

fc[kjs gq, eksfr;ksa dhA

[k+qnk gkfQ+t ,suh vkik

,d vkSj flrkjk xqe gks x;kA 20 vxLr 2007 dks mnZw lkfgR; dh tkuh ekuh ysf[kdk dqjZr&my&,su gSnj dk bardky gks x;kA 1927 esa vyhx<+ esa tUeh dqjZr&my&,su gSnj] ftUgsa I;kj ls muds tkuus okys ,suh vkik dgrs Fks mnwZ ys[ku 'kSyh dh ,d eq[kj o ncax ysf[kdk FkhaA ,suh vkik ds dye dh [k+kfl;r Fkh mudh jpukvksa esa ik, tkus okys l'kä o n`<+ fu'p; okys efgyk fdjnkjA gkykafd os [kqn dks ukjhoknh ;k izxfr'khy ys[kd vkanksyu dk

fgLlk ekuus ls ijgst+ djrh Fkha] fQj Hkh ;g dguk x+yr ugha gksxk fd muds Lora=k o cs[kkSQ+ O;fäRo dh >yd mudh jpukvksa esa lgt mHkjdj vkrh gSA ,d ckrphr ds nkSjku eq>s ;kn gS mUgksaus dgk Fkk] ßyksx esjh dgkfu;ksa esa eq>s ryk'krs gSa] ,slk 'kk;n gks Hkh ikrk gks ij eSa ;g tkurs cw>rs ugha djrhAÞ

1947 ds foHkktu ds le; ,suh vkik ikfdLrku pyh xb±A dqN oä ogka fcrkdj fQj okil Hkkjr vk xb±A os crkrh Fkha] ßfoHkktu dh otg ls viuh laLÑfr] vius ?kj o viuh tehu ls tqnk gksus dk vglkl eq>s lcls T;knk rc gqvk tc esjs NksVs ls Hkkats us eq>ls iwNk] ^vEek clar D;k gksrk gS*A eq>s csgn rdyhQ+ gqbZAÞ bl nnZ dh xgjkbZ dqjZr&my&,su gSnj dh ys[ku 'kSyh ij viuh Nki NksM+rh gSA mudh jpuk,a gekjh ljgnksa ds ijs iuirh lk>h laLÑfr vkSj fojklrksa dh nkLrkusa dgrh gSaA

vkt ,suh vkik gekjs chp ugha gSa ij mudh 'kf[+l;r ds ;s vk;ke ges'kk mudh ;kn dks ftyk, j[ksaxsA


ukVd dks la?k"kZ ds ,d l'kDr ek/;e ds :i esa ns[kk tkrk gSA bldk lh/kk dkj.k gS ukVd [ksyus okys vkSj ns[kus okyksa ds chp dk ,d lgt thoar fj'rkA ij tc Hkh ge ukVd] jax'kkyk vkSj fFk;sVj dh ckr djrs gSa rks vkSjrksa dks Hkwfedk] laLÑfr] igpku dk loky njfdukj gks tkrk gSA fygkt+k vkt ge vkSjrksa dh ckr djsaxsA

vkSjrksa dh ukVd o fFk;sVj esa Hkwfedk ,dyEch o jkspd ;k=kk jgh gSA fir`lÙkk] lkezkT;okn o laLÑfr dk lekos'k vDlj vkSjrksa ds fgr esa ugha jgrkA dqN ,slk gh fFk;sVj dh nqfu;k esa Hkh ns[kk tk ldrk gSA ijEijkoknh ukV~; 'kSyh esa /khjs&/khjs vkSjrksa dks dykdkj ds :i esa gkf'k, ij [kM+k dj fn;k x;kA ,d efgyk dykdkj dh Nfo] mldk fp=k.k

dSlk gks& vaxzst+h mifuos'kokn ds QyLo:i mHkjus okys u,] vehj o nfd;kuwlh e/;e oxZ dks ,d la?k"kZ djrh vkt+kn vkSjr dh Nfo jkl ugha vkbZA fygkt+k bl e/;eoxhZ; ifjokj ds vanj jgus okyh vkSjrksa dks ßlqx`g.khÞ ;k vPNh vkSjr dh ?kjsyw Hkwfedk esa dSn fd;k tkus yxkA

nwljh vksj ?kj dh pkS[kV ds ckgj] fuEu oxZ dh dkexkj vkSjr ds [kqysiu] ncax ;kSfudrk o vkt+kn

vfHkO;fDr;ksa dks ,d [krjs ds :i esa ns[kk tkus yxkA eafnjksa esa u`R; djrh nsonkfl;ksa] rek'kk] ukSVadh] vnkdkjh djrh jaxeap dh vfHkusf=k;ksa dks os';k vkSj cqjh vkSjr dh pkjnhokjh esa cka/k fn;k x;kA vnkdkjh o dyk ls tqM+s iwokZxzgksa us u`R;] xk;u] ukVd rFkk jax'kkyk dks

eq[;/kkjk ls ijsvkSjrksa dh jax'kkyk

yrk flag

ys[k

efgyk urZfd;ka ^lkdh* ds fdjnkj esa] efnjk I;kys esa Mkyrs gq,Acxnkn % uoha lnh okWy isafVax

f'kjdr

xkg] i

kfdLr

ku 2

004


lekt ds gkf'k, ij <dsy fn;kA vPNh vkSjrsa bu dykvksa ls nwj gksus yxhaA yksd laLÑfr esa tks fdjnkj vkSjrsa fuHkk jgh Fkha] og iq#"kksa ds gkFk vk x,A blds pyrs ukVdksa] fFk;sVjksa o fuekZ.k esa ,d dksjkiu o v'yhyrk ut+j vkus yxhA vkSjrksa }kjk fuHkk, fdjnkjksa dh lgtrk] [kwclwjrh o uehZ dk vHkko n'kZdksa dks [kVdus yxkA lekt esa iq#"kksa }kjk L=kh fdjnkjksa dks fuHkk;k tkuk ,d leL;k ds :i esa ns[kk tkus yxkA ml nkSj dh lksp ds vuqlkj lekt dks ßvlyh enksZaÞ dh t+:jr FkhA bl rjg ds vkSjrkuk fdjnkj iq#"kRo ds fy, [krjs dh fu'kkuh FkhA

ij dkQ+h rknkn esa iq#"k vHkh Hkh vkSjrksa o iq#"kksa ds ukVdksa esa ,d lkFk dke djus dh eq[kkyQ+r dj jgs FksA mudk er Fkk fd bl dyk {ks=k esa vkSjrksa o iq#"kksa dk lkFk dke djuk lekt o iq#"kksa esa uSfrd iru yk,xkA dqyhu ifjokj dh vkSjrksa dks fFk;sVj dh nqfu;k esa ugha yk;k tk ldrkA lkFk gh os';kvksa o <qyeqy uSfrdrk okyh vkSjrksa dks Hkh blesa ykuk iq#"kksa ds fy, fpark dk fo"k; FkkA ij dqN yksxksa dk ;g Hkh ekuuk Fkk fd vPNs ?kj dh i<+h&fy[kh vkSjrksa ds vkus ls ukVd fFk;sVj dh uSfrdrk lcy gksxhA

bl cgl ls ;g ckr rks lkQ+ gksrh gS fd lekt o fir`lÙkk eq[;/kkjk ukVd 'kSyh o fFk;sVj esa vkSjrksa dh Hkwfedk dks vius Q+k;nksa ds vuqlkj rksM+rh&eksM+rh jgrh gSA ;g Hkh Li"V gS fd bl nkSj esa vkSjrksa dh fFk;sVj esa Hkwfedk dks cM+s gh lhfer :i esa vkadk x;k FkkA vkSjrksa ds vkSjrkuk xq.kksa dks mtkxj djds] mudh uSfrdrk ij t+ksj Mkydj] mUgsa fFk;sVj dh nqfu;k esa ,d lgk;d]

nks;e ntsZ dh Nfo esa ns[kk x;kA funsZ'kd] dEiuh dh ekfyd] laxhrdkj ds :i esa mUgsa ugha ns[kk x;kA vkSjrksa dh l`tukRedrk o fFk;sVj esa vkus ls muds O;fDrRo ds fu[kjus] vkt+kn o l'kDr gksus dh izfØ;k dks Hkh ut+jvankt+ dj fn;k x;kA vc fFk;sVj ,d e/;e oxZ dh vfHkO;fDr dk Bksl ek/;e cu x;k FkkA blds t+fj, e/;e oxZ viuh vkSjrksa dks iguus&vks<+us] pyus] vkSj [kqn dks bT+t+rnkj rjhd+s ls is'k djus dh lh[k nsus yxsA ukVdksa ds eapu] mudh dgkfu;ksa esa vkSjr o iq#"k dh <jkZcan Nfo;ka mHkjus yxhaA ^det+ksjh* dks vkSjr o et+cwrh* dks iq#"k dk xq.k le>k tkus yxkA vkSjr dh ;kSfudrk dks ,d Tokykeq[kh ds rkSj ij is'k fd;k x;k ftlesa ;g lans'k lkQ+ Fkk fd vPNh vkSjr viuh ;kSfudrk dks nckdj j[krh gSA og vius fgr dks udkjdj ifjokj] lekt rFkk vius lkekftd fdjnkj dks c[kwch fuHkkrh gSA

fFk;sVj dh 'kSyh esa cnyko vk;k bIVk ds vkus lsA tu vkanksyu ls tqM+s bl fFk;sVj vkanksyu esa nks eq[; ckrsa mHkjdj lkeus vkbZaA igyh & bIVk us laLÑfr] yksd ukVd 'kSyh] ijEijkoknh ewY;ksa dks ,d izxfr'khy ut+fj, ls ns[kus dk iz;kl fd;kA lkFk gh bIVk us ukVd dks mPpoxhZ; yksxksa ds 'kkSd ds ladqfpr nk;js ls vke vkneh ds njokt+s ij ykdj [kM+k dj fn;kA nwljh & vkSjrksa ds fy, bIVk ,d egRoiw.kZ iM+ko FkkA bl nkSj esa jax'kkyk o ukVd ls tqM+h dkQ+h


vkSjrksa us fFk;sVj dks vius thou dk ed+ln eku fy;k FkkA vkSjrksa us iq#"kksa ds lkFk da/ks ls da/kk feykdj ukVd laLÑfr dks vkxs ys tkus dk chM+k mBk;kA blds pyrs lÙkk laca/kksa] oxZ laca/k o tsaMj laca/kksa esa <kapkxr cnyko dh izfØ;k 'kq: gqbZA tu ukVd 'kSyh ds izfr bl opuc)rk us vkSjrksa dks fir`lÙkk dh rkuk'kkgh dks pqukSrh nsus esa enn dhA jax'kkyk dk ;g ifjorZu eap ij ukVdksa] vkSjrksa dh Hkwfedk o :i esa ut+j vkus yxkA fQj Hkh bIVk vkanksyu esa vkSjrksa dh la[;k iq#"kksa dh rqyuk esa de gh FkhA

1950 ds n'kd rd vkrs&vkrs bIVk vkanksyu ßdykdkjÞ o ßjktuSfrd yksxksaÞ ds nks Hkkxksa esa caV x;k FkkA bl nkSjku caxky esa xzqi fFk;sVj vkanksyu dh uhao iM+hA bl vkanksyu esa vkSjrksa dks funsZ'kd ;k mPp ft+Eesnkjh dk ntkZ ugha fn;k x;kA ifjokj vc Hkh dykdkj vkSjrksa dh izeq[k ft+Eesnkjh jghA xzqi fFk;sVj esa vkSjrksa dks dykdkj ls T+;knk ,d ns[kHkky djus okyh lq?kM+ x`fg.kh ds :i esa ns[kk tkrk FkkA fQj Hkh vkt+kn Hkkjr ds igys n'kd esa dqN e'kgwj efgyk ukVddkj mHkjdj vkbZa ftuesa fot;k esgrk] 'kkark xka/kh] nhuk xka/kh] js[kk tSu izeq[k FkhaA bu vkSjrksa dks viuh txg cukus ds fy, cgqr pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+kA viuh d+kcfy;r lkfcr djus ds fy, mUgsa nqxuh esgur djuh iM+hA

1960 ds nkSj esa vkSjrksa ds fFk;sVj ij efgyk vkanksyu ds mHkjus o vfroknh] mxz fFk;sVj]

ijEijk us viuk xgjk vlj MkykA vkSjrksa dks /khjs&/khjs fFk;sVj esa dsanzh; Hkwfedk feyus

yxhA ukjhoknh psruk tkx`fr us vkSjrksa dks u flQ+Z mudh lkaLÑfrd /kjksgj ykSVk nh cfYd muds thou ds ldkjkRed igyqvksa dks Hkh mHkkjkA l`tu] meax o t'u jax'kkyk o ukVdksa esa vkSjrksa dks vfHkO;fDr dk Lo:i gks pykA lkFk gh fFk;sVj dks lkekftd eqíksa o ukjhoknh lfØ;rk dk vk/kkj le>k tkus yxkA efgyk ukVddkjksa us viuh igpku dks

mHkkjus ds fy, vkSjrkuk fo"k;ksa ij viuk ut+fj;k is'k djuk 'kq: fd;kA vkSjrksa ds thou ls tqM+s fofHkUu igyw] vkSjrksa dh Hkk"kk o muds vglklksa ds t+fj, ukVdksa esa is'k fd, tkus yxsA gkykafd fFk;sVj ls tqM+h dkQ+h efgyk dykdkjksa] funsZf'kdkvksa us [kqn dks ukjhoknh dgus ls ijgst+ fd;k fQj Hkh vkSjrksa dh ut+j ls vkSjrksa ds ut+fj, us t+ksj idM+kA Å"kk xkaxqyh] uhye ekuflax&pkS/kjh us efgyk dsafnzr fo"k; tSls nksfLr;ka] ;kSfudrk] igpku] ySafxd HksnHkko o tsaMj vk/kkfjr Je ds caVokjs tSls xaHkhj fo"k; vius ukVdksa esa mBk,A lkFk gh vkSjrksa dks ,d 'kksf"kr] cspkjxh dh Hkwfedk ls ijs ,d l'kDr] ,glkl okyh Nfo esa is'k fd;k tkus yxkA

vuqjk/kk diwj] veky vykuk] f=kiqjkfj 'kekZ tSlh efgyk funsZf'kdkvksa us rks dqN vkSj vkxs tkrs gq, tsaMj igpku ds loky] rFkk tsaMj dh <qyeqy

vk'kek fl

ag] u

qDdM+

uqDdM+

vkaxu

vkaxu] t

kxksjh]

1988


;g ys[k yrk flag ds vaxzst+h ys[k ßtsaMj ,aM fFk;sVj% yqfdax fc;kW.M n esu LVªhe dsuuÞ ls yh xbZ tkudkjh ds vk/kkj ij tqgh tSu }kjk bl vad ds fy, fy[kk x;k gSA

igpkuksa ds Q+d+ksZa] o muds laxe tSls fo"k;ksa ij ^lqanjh*] ^csxe cosZ*] ^vOobZ*] ^mejko tku* tSls fdjnkjksa ds eapu ds ek/;e ls ,d gksf'k;kj] ;kSfud viuh 'krksZa ij thus okyh vkSjr dh ncax Nfo is'k dhA lkFk gh Hkkjr dh lkaLÑfrd fojklr] dyk {ks=k esa vkSjrksa ds fp=k.k] yksd dFkkvksa] egkdkO;ksa] bfrgkl] /keZxzaFkksa esa vkSjrksa ds fdjnkjksa dks iquiZfjHkkf"kr djus ds Hkh Bksl mnkgj.k lkeus vk, gSaA vkSjrksa ds vuqHkoksa dks dsanz esa j[kdj dgkuh] fdjnkjksa] txg] vFkZ ds u, ekin.M x<+s x,A ekStwnk dgkfu;ksa] ukVdksa] yksd 'kSfy;ksa dks ,d ukjhoknh ut+fj, ls ns[kus ds iz;kl fd, x,A u, iz;ksx] [kkst o jpukvksa esa ,d uohurk ykus dh dksf'k'k dh xbZ ftlesa ukVd dk ,d l/kk gqvk] ijEijkoknh var u lq>kdj ,d izxfr'khy ut+fj;k n'kZd ds lkeus is'k fd;k x;kA

vkt fFk;sVj dh ,d ubZ 'kSyh] ,d ubZ Hkk"kk ut+j vkrh gSA pkgs og uqDdM+ ukVd gks] pkgs eap ij [ksyk tkus okyk xaHkhj fo"k; & jax'kkyk esa ifjorZu dh izfØ;k lkQ+ utj vkrh gSA fo"k;] <kaps] lkt lTtk] pfj=k] lksp o izfØ;k lHkh dqN ,d ubZ 'kSyh esa jpk tkrk gSA lkewfgdrk rFkk lg;ksx] lalk/kuksa dk caVokjk] vkilh rkyesy] fo'ys"k.k o vkykspu dh lkewfgd izfØ;k] ukVd dh fLØIV fy[kus ls ysdj n'kZdksa ls vfHkO;fDr ds fofHkUu ek/;eksa ls fj'rk cukus rd] ukVd] fFk;sVj o jax'kkyk fujarj ubZ 'kSyh dks jprk&x<+rk tk jgk gSA ¦

eqLdjk dj rks nsf[k,lfork pM~<k

dfork

x+e esa FkksM+k eqLdjk dj nsf[k,]

ft+Unxh ds ikl vkdj nsf[k,A

gS iM+h jksus dks lkjh ft+Unxh]

,d yEgk xquxquk dj nsf[k,A

fey Hkh tk,xk] [kqnk Hkh ,d fnu]

cl t+jk&lh ykS yxk dj nsf[k,A

gkj ls igys u ekuks gkj dks]

viuh fd+Ler vkt+ek dj nsf[k,A

nwj dksbZ vki ls eatj ugha]

,d iy ut+jsa mBkdj nsf[k,A

/kqU/k esa fyiVh gqbZ gj pht+ gS]

tkb, dqN ikl tkdj nsf[k,A

ft+Unxh lfork* yxsxh Qwy&lh]

ft+Unxh dk xhr xk dj nsf[k,A


enkj eqlyekuksa ds ,d ,sls ihj gSa ftudh HkfDr fgUnw&eqlyeku nksuksa feydj djrs gSaA mudh et+kj lqYrku bczkfge 'kdhZ us eduiqj esa cuokbZ FkhA gj lky chl fnlEcj dks enkj lkgc dh dcz ij esyk yxrk gSA et+kj ij ,d lqugjh pknj p<+h gksrh gSA mlds Åij xqykc ds b=k esa ljksckj lqugjh Nrjh ruh gSA Qdhj jckc dh /kqu ij et+kj ds vkl ikl <ksy ctkrs vkSj enkj lkgc dh 'kku ds xhr xkrs eLrh esa >wers jgrs gSaA xqykc ckbZ bl esys esa vius firk ds lkFk xbZ vkSj ;gha mUgksaus igyh nQ+k ukSVadh ns[khA ;g ukSVadh dh nqfu;k ls mudk igyk ifjp; FkkA

ukSVadh dyk 'kSyh dh tkuh&ekuh 'kf[+l;r & xqykc ckbZ ds thou ds ckjs esa crkrs gq, mudh csVh] e/kq dgrh gSa & ßtc esjh eka us ukSVadh dh nqfu;k esa d+ne j[kk rks os egt+ ckjg lky dh FkhaA ,d esys esa ukSVadh ns[kdj og mldh dk;y gks xbZaA xk;u rks oSls Hkh mudh jx&jx esa clk FkkA cl mUgksaus ukSVadh dks viuk fy;kAÞ

ukSVadh dks xhr&ukV~; ;kfu xkus o vfHku; ds :i esa ns[kk tk ldrk gSA ijaijk ds fygkt+ ls ukSVadh yksd jaxeap dk vge fgLlk jgh gSA ,d tekus esa dyk dk ;g :i iwjs mÙkj Hkkjr esa csgn yksdfiz; Fkk vkSj mls euksjatu] f'k{kk rFkk laokn dk l'kDrek/;e le>k tkrk FkkA 1930 ds n'kd rd ;gdyk iwjh rjg iq#"k iz/kku FkhA ukSVadh ij iq#"kksa ds jkt dk vankt+k bl ckr ls yxk;k tk ldrk

ukSVadh&dy vkSj vktnhfIr fiz;k esgjks=k

js[kkfp=

vxj ,d iq#"k vPNk xk;d gS rks og mLrkn ;k xq# dgykrk gSAij vkSjr xkf;dk dks ckbZ cuk fn;k tkrk gSA

& jhrk xkaxqyh

xqykc ckbZ % igyh efgyk ukSVadh dykdkj

ßß


gS fd bl le; vkSjrksa dh Hkwfedk,a Hkh enZ gh fuHkk;k djrs FksA

xqykc ckbZ bl {ks=k esa iq#"kksa dks pqukSrh nsus okyh igyh efgyk ukSVadh dykdkj FkhaA ySyk&etuw* dh ySyk] ^jktk gjh'kpanz* dh rkjkerh] ^'khjha&Qjgkn* dh 'khjha] rFkk ^cgknqj yM+dh* dh Qjhnk tSlh l'kDr Hkwfedkvksa ds ne ij xqykc ckbZ us pan lkyksa ds Hkhrj gh ukSVadh ds {ks=k esa vius ikao tek fy,A xqykc ckbZ ds Hkhrj vfHku; vkSj xk;u dh ,d vuwBh izfrHkk Fkh] vnkdkjh muds fy, varjeu ls cgus okyk lq[kn vglkl Fkk] vkSj bl izfrHkk dks ekatus vkSj mHkkjus ds fy, mUgkasus yxkrkj esgur dhA viuh yxu vkSj bZekunkjh ds pyrs rhljs n'kd ds var rd xqykc ckbZ ;'k vkSj dke;kch ds f'k[kj rd igqap xbZ FkhaA

1996 esa xqykc ckbZ us nqfu;k ds jaxeap dks vyfonk dg fn;kA ij vius ihNs os NksM+ xbZa ,d uk;kc o vueksy dyk dh fojklrA xqykc ckbZ dks mudhdyk miyfC/k;ksa ds fy, in~eJh] mÙkj izns'k ds laxhr ukVd vdkneh rFkk ;'k Hkkjrh tSls iqjLdkjksa ls lEekfur fd;k x;kA ,d Hkwfeghu ifjokj rFkk csfM+;k tkfr esa iSnk gksus okyh vkSjr ds fy, lEeku vkSj miyfC/k;ksa ds bl f'k[kj ij igqapuk dksbZ vke ckr ugha FkhA

nl HkkbZ&cguksa ds cM+s ifjokj dh igyh larku xqykc ckbZ dk cpiu dkQ+h eqf'dyksa esa chrk FkkA

ml nkSj dks ;kn djrs gq, ,d ckj mUgksaus crk;k Fkk fd ßtkM+s dh lnZ jkrksa esa ge lc HkkbZ&cgu ,d NksVh lh dksBjh esa lksrs FksA t+ehu ij iqvky

fcNh gksrh FkhA lnhZ ls cpkus ds fy, eka gekjs Åij viuk ygaxk Mky nsrh FkhAÞ

lu~ 1940 ds vklikl xqykc ckbZ ,d eghus esa 2200 #i, ikus yxh FkhaA ml oD+r ds fglkc ls ;g ,d cM+h jde FkhA viuh bl dke;kch dks xqykc ckbZ us vius ifjokj&leqnk; ds lkFk ckaVkA mUgksaus u dsoy vius HkkbZ&cguksa dks laHkkyk cfYd vius iSr`d xkao 1⁄4cyiwokZ] Qrsgx<+1⁄2 esa ,d 'kkunkj gosyh cuokbZA lkFk mUgksaus xkao ds ml eafnj dks Hkh Bhd djk;k ftlesa og cpiu esa iwtk djrh FkhaA ukSVadh ds lht+u dh 'kq#vkr xqykc ckbZ blh eafnj ls djrh FkhaA

ikapos n'kd esa xqykc ckbZ us 1⁄4xqykc fFk;sVªdy daiuh ds uke ls1⁄2 viuh vyx daiuh dh'kq:vkr dhA muds f'k";] lkB o"khZ; fcUnk izlkn fuxe ftUgksaus ml oDr xqykc ckbZ dh daiuh esa crkSj ,DVj dke 'kq: fd;k] xqykc ckbZ dh ckr djrs gq, dgrs gSa & ßxqykc ckbZ dks xhr] u`R; vkSj dgkuh dh nqfu;k ls cgqr xgjk yxko FkkA mudk vfHku; rks csfelky Fkk gh] lkFkh dykdkjksa dh t+#jrksa] vkSj muds gquj dks rjk'kus ij Hkh os iwjk /;ku nsrh FkhaA dykdkj ds esd&vi ls ysdj mldh os'kHkw"kk dk dksbZ Hkh igyw mudh fuxkg ls ugha pwdrk FkkA 'kCn] laxhr] mPpkj.k vkSj laokn dh gj ckjhdh dks ysdj os ges'kk ltx jgrh FkhaAÞ

xqykc ckbZ ukSVadh dk eapu ges'kk [kqys eSnku ;k cM+s iaMky esa djuk ilan djrh FkhaA jkr dks vDlj nl ;k X;kjg cts 'kq: gqbZ izLrqfr lqcg pkj ;k ikap cts tkdj [kRe gksrh FkhA cPps]


cw<+s vkSj vkSjrsa & lHkh mudh ukSVadh ds eqjhn FksA dykdkj tc viuh cqyan vkokt+ esa laokn cksyrs rks nks&rhu gt+kj dh cM+h HkhM+ Hkh ea=keqX/k gksdj jg tkrh FkhA

xqykc ckbZ ds lkFk&lkFk mudh cgusa] pgsru] ikrh dyh vkSj lq[kcnu Hkh ukSVadh esa 'kkfey gks xbZ FkhaA mÙkj Hkkjr ds iq#"k iz/kku] :f<+oknh lekt esa vkSjrksa dks csijnk LVst ij ns[kuk fdlh vtwcs ls de ugha gksrk FkkA bl ckr ij jks'kuh Mkyrs gq, xqykc ckbZ dh Hkrhth eqUuh ckbZ dgrh gSa & ßiq#"k ges'kk gekjs ut+nhd vkus dh dksf'k'k esa jgrs FksA ukStoku yM+ds gekjk ihNk djrs jgrs FksA ge vkSjrsa lkjk fnu VSUV esa gh xqt+kjrh FkhaA lqcg ge nsj rd lksrs Fks] jkr dks ukSVadh djrsA gekjs ny esa fgUnw] eqfLye lHkh tkfr ds dykdkj 'kkfey FksAÞ

ukSVadh dykdkj ds bl ny esa laxhrdkj] c<+bZ] nthZ] rduhf'k;u vkSj [kkulkek lfgr lkB ls lÙkj yksx gksrs FksA tSls gh fdlh txg dksbZ esyk yxrk ge vius ny ds lkFk ogka igqap tkrsA

dHkh&dHkh esyk eghus Hkj pyrk vkSj gekjk ny gj fnu ,d ubZ ukSVadh is'k djrkA

jkeizlkn oekZ xqykc ckbZ daiuh esa gkjeksfu;e ctkrs FksA os djhc rhl lkyksa rd daiuh ds laxhr&funsZ'kd jgsA xqykc ckbZ dks os lEeku ls ;kn djrs gSa & ßckbZ dyk ds eeZ dks le>rh FkhA og gj dykdkj ij /;ku nsrh FkhaA vkSj mlds ifjokj ds nq[k&lq[k dk [;ky j[krh FkhaA daiuh ls tqM+k gj vkneh mudh rgs fny ls bT+t+r djrk FkkAÞ

ckr dks vkxs c<+krs gq, daiuh ds nwljs lkFkh dykdkj] lktu dgrs gSa & ßmuds xqt+j tkusds ckn yxrk gS tSls gekjk dksbZ viuk ugha jgkAÞ lktu dh eka ghjke.kh dh vka[kksa esaHkh Bhd blh tT+ckr dks i<+k tk ldrk gSA ghjke.kh xqykc ckbZ dh dEiuh esa dkedjus ds fy, cukjl ls vkbZ FkhaA dqN vU; dykdkj vyhx<+] eFkqjk] ckank] vkxjk vkSj egksck tSls nwjnjkt+ ds dLcksa ls vkrs FksA

lu~ 1960 rd vkrs&vkrs xqykc ckbZ ukSVadh esaeq[; Hkwfedkvksa ls gV xbZ FkhaA vc eap mudh NksVh cgu lq[kcnu vkSj cM+h csVh vk'kk jkuh us laHkky fy;k FkkA lq[kcnu vkSj vk'kk jkuh dks Hkh turk us [kwc ljkgkA

xqykc ckbZ us ukSVadh Hkys gh NksM+ nh gks] lqj vkSj rky vc Hkh mudh vkRek uxkM+s o gkjeksfu;e dh laxr esa xkrh gqbZ xqykc ckbZA


esa jps&cls FksA ckbZ dk nknjk 'kSyh esa xk;k x;k in & ^unh ukjs uk tkvks ';ke ibZa;k iM+wa* & iwjs mÙkj Hkkjr esa dbZ n'kdksa rd yksxksa dh t+cku ij p<+k jgkA ikapos vkSj NBs n'kd dschp ,p,eoh daiuh us muds dbZ xhr fjdkMZ fd,A fQ+Yeh nqfu;k ls Hkh muds ikl dbZ izLrko vk, ysfdu xqykc ckbZ dks viuh dyk ls cgqr xgjk yxko FkkA mUgksaus flusek esa vfHku; djus ls badkj dj fn;kA os dgkdjrh Fkha& ßvxj ge cacbZ pys tk,axs rks ukSVadh dk D;k gksxk\ eSaus viuh iwjh ft+anxh ukSVadh dks thvk gSA vxj [+okc ns[kk rks ukSVadh dkA eSa ukSVadh ds fy, thrh gwa vkSj mlh ds fy, ej tkÅaxhAÞ

vius Tkhou ds vkf[kjh fnuksa esa xqykc ckbZ ukSVadh dyk 'kSyh esa fxjkoV dks ysdj nq[kh jgus yxh FkhaA mUgsa vankt+k gks pyk Fkk fd Vsfyfot+u vkSj flusek ds vkxs ukSVadh dh nqfu;k fldqM+rh tk jgh gSA ukSVadh dyk esa vk, cnyko dks ysdj jaxeap dh e'kgwj vfHkus=kh deys'k dgrh gSa & ßml oD+r ge vyx&vyx rjg ds fdjnkj fuHkkrs FksA eap ij ge cs'kd iwjh lt&/kt ds lkFk tkrs Fks ysfdu D;k et+ky fd diM+s dgha ls Hkh de gksaA vkt rks ukSVadh dyk pan bykdksa esa fleV dj jg xbZ gSA n'kZdksa dk vkye ;g gS fd dqN nsj ukVd ns[kus ds ckn os ukpus okyh dks cqykus dh ekax djus yxrs gSaA vktdy dh ukSVadh dykdkj u xkuk tkurh gSa] u vfHku; djukA igys n'kZd ge dykdkjksa

dk fo'ks"k lEeku djrs FksA vkt ml rjg dk eku feyrk gh ugha gSAÞ

ukSVadh ds iqjkus dykdj vkt dkuiqj ds cdjxat+ vkSj jsy dkyksuh tSls ladjs bykdksa esa x+jhch vkSj xqeukeh dh ft+anxh xqt+kj jgs gSaA eap ij th;k [kqyk thou VwVs&QwVs dejksa esa dSn gksdj jg x;k gSA xqykc ckbZ us ljdkj ls ekax dh Fkh fd ukSVadh ds iwoZ dykdkjksa ds fy, jgus dh O;oLFkk dh tk,A mUgksaus bu dykdkjksa ds fy, isa'ku eqgS;k djkus dh ekax dh FkhA vkt laxhr ukVd vdkneh dh rjQ+ ls dqN ofj"B dykdkjksa dks gj eghus ,d gt+kj #i, crkSj isa'ku fn, tkrs gSaA

xqykc fFk;sfVªdy daiuh dh deku e/kq vkSjvk'kk ds gkFk esa gSA mudk ekuuk gS fdukSVadh dks ft+ank j[kus ds fy, Bksl iz;kl djuk csgn t+:jh gSA bl ekeys esa iqjkus dykdkj u, dykdkjksa dks cgqr dqN fl[kk ldrs gSaA ijarq nq[k% dh ckr ;g gS fd ukSVadh dh dyk

xqykc ckbZ dh csVh vk'kk ukSVadh esa vfHku; djrs gq,A


dkuiqj Økafrdkfj;ksa] VªsM ;wfu;u vkSj lfou; voKk vkanksyu vfHk;kuksa dk x<+ FkkA 1930 esa dkaxzsl ikVhZ us mÙkj izns'k dh /kjrh ij viuh idM+ cuk yh FkhA Hkkjr NksM+ks vkanksyu dh 'kq:vkr gksrs gh vQ+lj&vkyk 'kgj ds gkykr dks ysdj fpafrr FksA

dkuiqj ds Qwyckx esa cgknqj yM+dh dh ukSVadh dk 'kks gksus okyk FkkA 'kgj ds vQ+ljksa us Qwyckx ds pkjksa vksj iqfyl okyksa dks rSukr dj fn;k FkkA bl ukSVadh ds fiNys 'kks us 'kgj esa dkQ+h gypy epk nh FkhA mEehn dh tk jgh Fkh fd Hkkjh rknkn esa yksx ukSVadh ns[kus vk,axsA laosnu'khy le; esa fdlh Hkh rjg dh HkhM+ dk tek gksuk [k+rjs dk ladsr nsrk gSA Qwyckx oSls Hkh Økafrdkfj;ksa ds feyus dh txg ekuk tkrk FkkA HkhM+ esa Økafrdkfj;ksa dks viuh ifpZ;ka ckaVus rFkk yksxksa dks vius fopkjksa ls mÙksftr djus dk Hkjiwj ekSdk feysxkA blh [;ky ls pkjksa vksj iqfyl okyksa dks rSukr dj fn;k x;k FkkA

gekjh ukSVadh dh is'kd'k cM+h lknh FkhA ,d ydM+h dk eap cuk;k x;k Fkk] esgekuksa ds fy, dqN dqflZ;ka&csap fcNkbZ xbZ FkhaA vkSj ckdh turk ds fy, njhA ukSVadh ns[kus

okys ges'kk dh rjg mRlkfgr FksA vkoktsa+] galh&BB~Bk] et+kd] ukSVadh ds ewM ds fglkc ls lc&dqN gksrk FkkA n'kZdksa ds mRlkg us ukSVadh ds dykdkjksa esa Hkh tks'k iSnk dj fn;kA

^cgknqj yM+dh* ukSVadh esa ,d vaxzst+ iqfyl vQ+lj ukVd dh fgjksbu ,d ekfyu Q+jhnk] ftldk fdjnkj xqykc ckbZ fuHkk jgh Fkha dh csbT+t+rh dj nsrk gSA Q+jhnk ,d ns'kHkfDr ds tT+ckrksa okyh fgEerh vkSjr FkhA bl iqfyl okys dh cnreht+h ls ukjkt+ gksdj Q+jhnk ^cgknqj yM+dh^ us mlds xky ij dl dj ,d rekpk jlhn dj fn;kA

n'kZdksa ds chp bl vnkdkjh dk csgn egRoiw.kZ izHkko iM+kA vaxzst+ksa ds izfr turk dk jks"k csgn vkØked gks pyk FkkA ukVd esa bl rjg dk izfrjks/k ns[kdj n'kZdksa dks ,d jkgr lh eglwl gks jgh FkhA mUgsa Q+jhnk ls gennhZ gks jgh Fkh os t+ksj&t+ksj ls ph[kus&fpYykus o rkfy;ka ihVus yxsA

vxys pj.k esa Q+jhnk xouZj ls dgrh gS fd turk dh ijokg u djus okyh ljdkj ds eqykft+eksa ls dqN ,sls gh O;ogkj dh vis{kk dh tk ldrh gSA tc jkt djus okys gh 'kks"kd gksa rc muds vQ+lj vkSj xqxsZ 'kks"k.k vkSj f'kdkj gh rks djsaxsA

;g lqurs gh n'kZdksa dh HkhM+ esa ls fdlh us ,d&nks vaxzst+&fojks/kh ukjs yxk fn,A ckdh turk Hkh 'kkfey gks xbZA iqfyl us [k+rjs dks Hkkai fy;k vkSj turk ij fiy iM+hA HkxnM+ ep xbZA iqfyl us ukSVadh can djus ds vkns'k fn, vkSj HkhM+ dks frrj&fcrj dj fn;kA iqfyl oSls Hkh ukVd esa ,d iqfyl okys ij vkSjr }kjk gkFk mBkuk cnkZ'r ugha dj ik jgh FkhA 'kkafr cuk, j[kus dk cgkuk ysdj iqfyl us turk ij viuh HkM+kl fudkyuh 'kq: dj nhA

'kgj ds iz'kklu us bl ukSVadh ds izHkko dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, bl ukVd ij jksd yxkus dk fu.kZ; fd;kA lkFk gh bl ukSVadh dk eapu djus okyh daiuh dks Hkh 'kgj esa u vkus dh l[r fgnk;r dh xbZA

lkyksa ckn bl okd;s dks ;kn djrs gq, xqykc ckbZ crkrh gSa ßfrjeksgu yky th ds 'kks gj eksM+] gj pkSjkgs ij [ksys tkus yxsA gj 'kks ds fy, yxHkx chl ls rhl gt+kj yksx bdV~Bk gks tkrs FksA gjsd n'kZd nl ls chl #i, rd nsrkA tks'k vkSj mRlkg dh deh ugha FkhA 'kgj ds dksroky us frjeksgu yky dks cqykok Hkstk D;ksafd >xM+s vkSj Q+lkn dh vQ+okg muds dkuksa rd igqap jgh FkhA dksroky us eq>s Hkh cqyk;k D;ksafd mudh le> esa ugha vk jgk Fkk fd og dkSu lh yM+dh gS ftldks ns[kus ds fy, nl&chl gt+kjksa dh HkhM+ tqV tkrh gSA og vaxzst+ Fkk & uke Fkk gsMwA frjeksgu yky us iwNk ßD;k ljdkj gels [kQ+k gSaAÞ dksroky us gqdqe fn;k] ßQkSju 'kgj NksM+dj pys tkvksAÞ frjeksgu yky th dk ,d edku dUukst esa Hkh FkkA og ge lcdks ogka ys x, vkSj ogka ls geus dke djuk tkjh j[kkA

dkuiqj ds ,p-,e-oh- Mhyj j.kohj flag HkYyk us bl ?kVuk ij vkSj jks'kuh Mkyrs gq, crk;k] ß;g fcydqy lp gS fd iqfyl dfe'uj us mUgsa rkd+hn dh Fkh fd mudk dkuiqj esa dksbZ 'kks ugha gksxkA 'kks ds nkSjku pkdw&Nqjh ygjk, tkrs FksA cM+s vehj yksx 'kks ns[kus tkrs Fks ij vc iz'kklu us mUgsa dkuiqj NksM+us dk gqdqe fn;k FkkAÞ

xqykc ckbZ & n Dohu vkWQ+ ukSVadh fFk;sVj] nhfIr fiz;k esgjks=kk] isafXou bafM;k 2006 dk ,d va'kvuqokn% tqgh tSu


mUgha ds lkeus ne rksM+rh tk jgh gSA bl ckr dk [kqyklk djrs gq, e/kq crkrh gSa & ßcgqr ls dykdkjksa dh csfV;ka vkt 'kknh&C;kg] lekjksg vkSj gksVyksa esa ukpus ds fy, etcwj gSaA dgus dh t+:jr ugha gS fd ukSVadh ls tqM+s dykdkjksa dh yM+fd;ka u`R; dyk esa lgt gh fuiq.k gksrh gSaA ysfdu vkt ;g lc djus ds vykok dksbZ nwljk fodYi ekStwn ugha gSA lp rks ;g gS fd bu yM+fd;ksa ds lkeus bT+t+r ls jksth jksVh dekus dk loky eqag ck, [kM+k gSA igys ds gkykr bl rjg ds ugha FksAÞ

ij e/kq bl ekeys esa vius lkfFk;ksa ls T+;knk [kq'kulhc gSaA xqykc ckbZ e/kq dks i<+kuk pkgrh FkhaAe/kq dk Hkh i<+kbZ esa [kwc eu yxrk FkkA og MkWDVj cuuk pkgrh FkhaA ij tc og dkyst esa nkf[kykysus dh rS;kjh dj jgh Fkha rks xqykc ckbZ chekj iM+ xbZaA ifjokj pykus ds fy, e/kq dks ukSVadh ds dqN 'kks djus iM+s ftlds pyrs i<+kbZ ihNs NwVrh pyh xbZA

mez ds pkSFks ntsZ ij [kM+he/kq] ukSVadh ds ekStwnk gkykr dks c;ku djrs gq, dgrh gSa & ßlky Hkj esa gesa bDdk&nqDdk dk;ZØe gh fey ikrs gSaA ,sls esa dykdkjksa dks LFkk;h rkSj ij ugha j[kk tkldrkA esyksa esa vc flQ+Z ukpus okyh yM+fd;ksa dh gh t+:jr jg xbZ gSA vxj dHkh dHkkj ukSVadh djus ds fy, cqykok vkrk Hkh gS

xqyko ckbZ dh csVh e/kq e'kgwj ukSVadh ^nghokyh* esa vfHku;

djrs gq,A ;g ukSVadh 1985 ubZ fnYyh yksd mRlo esa is'k dh

xbZ FkhA

rks vk;kstd ;g pkgrs gSa fd lkjk dke ,d ?kaVs esa fuiVk fy;k tk, vkSj bl lcds cnys iSlk Hkh cgqr de feyrk gSA lky ds cM+s fgLls esa T+;knkrj dykdkjksa dks yxHkx [kkyh cSBuk iM+rk gSA ,sls esa jkst+xkj ds nwljs lk/ku gksuk fugk;r t+:jh gSAÞ

yqIr gksrh gekjh bl lkaLÑfrd fojklr dks lat+ksuk vkSj laokjuk vkt csgn t+:jh gSA ljdkj ds lkFk&lkFk vki & ge lHkh dks bls ftykus ds fy, iz;kl djus gksaxsA

bl ys[k esa lHkh QksVks lkHkkj % xqykc ckbZ % n Dohu vkWQ+

ukSVadh fFk;sVj] nhfIr fiz;k esgjks=kk % isafXou] bafM;k 2006

¦

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unh ukjs u tkvks ';ke iS;ka iM+wa

unh ukjs tks tkvks rks tbcS djks

chp /kkjs u tkvks ';ke iS;ka iM+wa

chp /kkjs x, rks tbcS djks

ml ikj u tkvks ';ke iS;ka iM+wa

ml ikj x, rks xbyS djks

lax lksofr;k u ykvks ';ke iS;ka iM+wa

lax lksofr;k tks ykvks rks ybcS djks

lax lksofr;k u lksvks ';ke iS;ka iM+wa


ys[k

yksd dyk] yksd dFkk] yksdok| vkSj yksdxhr ;s lHkh fo/kk,¡ tuekul dh Lor%LQ+wrZ jpuk,a gksrh gSaA bUgsa rFkkdfFkr i<+k&fy[kk oxZ] vius rjhd+s ls ifjHkkf"kr djrk gSA lkaLÑfrd vfHkO;fDr;ksa dks ^'kkL=kh;* vkSj ^ykSfdd* ;k ^ns'kt* ds [k+kdksa esa ge ckaVrs gSaA buesa Hkh ^'kkL=kh;* dk ntkZ Åij dj nsrs gSaA oSls ns[ksa rks lHkh dykRed vfHkO;fDr;ka fu'Ny ekuoh; Hkkoukvksa vkSj fopkjksa ls gh mitrh gSaA ijUrq yksd vfHkO;fDr esa LokHkkfodrk lgt :i ls lekbZ jgrh gSA mudh ckSf)drk] Kku] rkfdZdrk] 'kkL=k vkSj O;kdj.k cgqr vyx rjg ds gksrs gSaA

yksdxhrksa dh nqfu;k o vkSjrksa dh vkokt+t;k JhokLro

muesa gksrh gS feV~Vh dh lksa/kh [kq'kcwA os ljkcksj jgrs gSa cgqr ls jaxksa] cgqr ls jkxksa lsA

dkQ+h gn rd 'kkL=kh;rk] ykSfddrk ls gh iSnk gksrh gS] ogh mldh cqfu;kn gSA e/kqcuh vkSj 'ks[kkorh dh fp=kdykvksa us fdrus gh dykdkjksa dks izsj.kk nh gksxhA 'kkL=kh; laxhr ds jkx [kekt^ vkSj ^HkfV;kj* jktLFkku dh e#LFkyh rFkk caxky dh xaxk ls gh mBs gSaA bu dykvksa esa ckjhfd;ka Hkys gh tksM+h xbZa ij ^'kkL=kh;* o ^ns'kt* dk laca/k vVwV gSA

^laxhr* fdlh Hkh ^dEikst+h'ku* dk lcls egRoiw.kZ vax gksrk gS vkSj Hkkjr esa ;s nksuksa dyk,a nks cguksa dh rjg ,d lkFk vkxs c<+h gSaA


lkjh nqfu;k dh yksd&laLÑfr yksxksa ds t+sgu ls cgqr d+jhch rkSj ij tqM+h jgrh gSA viuh ckr] viuh [kq'kh] viuk mYykl] vius nnZ] viuh O;Fkk] vius }U} vkSj viuh dgkuh & lc dqN t+kfgj dj ikus dk lq[k bldh tku gSA lqj] 'kCn] jkx] y;] jax o iRFkj & jl ds bu lzksrksa dk ek/;e curs gSaA

izÑfr o lekt esa] vius bnZ fxnZ tks dqN py jgk gS] ?kV jgk gS] mUgsa ysdj eu esa tks gypy ep jgh gS vkSj muls ijs mM+us dh tks bPNk,a meM+rh gSa] ;s lHkh yksd vfHkO;fDr ds #Ik esa lkeus vkrh gSa & pkgs og oyhZ fp=k 1⁄4egkjk"Vª1⁄2 gks] pkgs jkbZ u`R; 1⁄4NÙkhlx<+1⁄2 gks] pkgs ckjgeklk 1⁄4mÙkj Hkkjr1⁄2 gks] pkgs rEcwjk ok| 1⁄4jktLFkku1⁄2 gksA yksd laLÑfr] vfHkO;fDr dk l'kDr ek/;e curh gS] [k+kldj muds fy, tks lekt ds gkf'k, ij thrs gSa & ukbZ] /kksch] ef.k;kj] pekj] tqykgs rFkk vkSjrsa] ;kfu os tkfr;ka vkSj oxZ ftUgsa viuh ckr dgus ds ekSds ugha feyrsA os vius fy, ekSfyd eap dk fuekZ.k djrs jgrs gSaA

buesa yksdxhrksa dh ekSf[kd ijEijk ns'k ds gj dksus] gj Hkk"kk] 'kSyh esa lSdM+ksa lkyksa ls iuirh&fu[kjrh jgh gSA fdlus D;k cksyk&fy[kk] fdlus D;k lquk] fdlus D;k jkx&y; fn;k ;g cgqr de Kkr gksrk gSA cgqr ls xhr fey&tqy dj cuk, tkrs gSaA oks dbZ ihf<+;ksa dh jpuk dk laxe curs gSaA ßyksdxhrksa dks cukus okyk 1⁄4yh1⁄2 viuh Hkkoukvksa dks] viusviukis dks tuHkkoukvksa esa bl izdkj feyk nsrk 1⁄4rh1⁄2 gS fd mldk viuRo [kks tkrk gS vkSj og jpuk oS;fDrdrk NksM+ dj lkoZtfud gks tkrhgSAÞ 1⁄4MkW- }kjdk izlkn oekZ & lk>h fojklr iqLrd

lhjht &11⁄2 O;fDr dk lef"V esa] vge] dk loZe esa foy; yksdxhrksa dh /kqjh gSA yksdxhr cgqrksa dh fojklr cu tkrs gSaA

yksdxhrksa dh bl fojklr dks ltkus&laokjus] fu[kjus esa lcls vkxs jgh gSa efgyk,aA thou ds gj pj.k] gj Hkkouk ds fy, xhr jpstkrs gSa& tUe & NBh] C;kg] fonkbZ] feyu&fcNksg] cqokbZ&filkbZA fir`lÙkkRed lekt esa] tgkacgqrsjh y{e.k js[kk,a vkSjr dh t+q+cku ij rkyk yxk, j[krh gSa] ogka xhr ^vius th dh ckr* dgus dk lqUnj ek/;e cu tkrs gSaA cgqr lh ckrsa tks [kqy dj fdlh ls lk>h ugha dh tk ldrha] lqj&'kCn&rky dh vuks[kh /kkjkvksa esa cg fudyrh gSaA

ßfL=k;ksa ds leLr dk;Z xhre; gksrs gSaA gj volj ij mudh daB/ofu ve`r dh o"kkZ djds izR;sd dk;Z rFkk volj dks vkuUne; cuk nsrh gSaAÞ 1⁄4cqUnsy[k.Mh yksdxhr & Jh f'ko lgk; prqosZnh1⁄2 gj dke] gj volj ij xhr cukuk vkSj xkuk yM+fd;ksa dh LokHkkfod izo`fr cu tkrh gSA

fry ds Qwy fryh ds nkus pUnk Å¡xS cM+s Hkqulkjs Åaxu u gks; okjks pank ge ?kj gksa; fyiuk

fry] Qwy vkSj lqcg&lqcg pUnk dk mxuk vkSj bu lcdk ?kj dh fyikbZ&iqrkbZ ls ljksdkj gksuk] dYiuk dh bu Å¡ph mM+kuksa dk D;k dgukA

eka ds ?kj ij yM+dh dke u djus dh ft+n dj ldrh gSA [ksyus ds vkxs dke D;k %


ekbZ dks dgks u dfjgksa ckcqy dks dgks u dfjgksaikuh dks yi u /kfjgksa xkscj dh gsy u /kfjgksapfd;k dks MaMk u idfjgksarok is dqpS;k 1⁄4jksVh1⁄2 u /kfjgksacklh dks dkSj u nSgksa rkrh gks lks yi yi [kSgksa

1⁄4cqansy[k.Mh1⁄2

;kuh fdlh dh ugh ekuw¡xh] dksbZ dke ugha d#¡xh] jksVh Hkh ugh idkÅ¡xh] ij vxj xjek&xje jksVh

feys rks yikyi [kk tkÅ¡xhA

tgka yM+fd;ka lkekU;r% jkr&fnu ?kj ds dke esa yxh jgrh gSa vkSj cph&[kqph lw[kh jkVh [kkdj lcz dj ysrh gSa ogha dksbZ dke u djus] cklh jksVh u [kkus] vkSj xje jksVh

[kkus dk gB cpiu dh LokHkkfodrk dks mtkxj djrk gS] csVh dh bPNk

O;Dr djrk gSA eka Hkh dgrh gS %

[ksy yks csVh [ksy yks] HkkbZ ckcqy ds jkt tc nqj tSgksa csVh lkljs] lkl u [ksyu ns;

dbZ R;ksgkj [ksy&[ksy] ifjgkl esa euk, tkrs gSaA ukSjrk 1⁄4cqUnsy[kaM esa] uojk=k esa yM+fd;ksa dk [k+kl [ksy1⁄2] lqvkVk uked nSR; ls yM+fd;ksa dks cpkus] ml nSR; dh nqxkZ }kjk fouk'k dh dgkuh ls tqM+k gSA yM+dh dk uke ysdj xhr xk, tkrs gSa %

veqd csVh us jkrksa vUgk; rks jkrksavUgS;ks csVh ukS fnuk] ukjs lqvkVk

yM+fd;k¡ viuh&viuh ilan ds Qwy ^fNVus* esaltkrh gSaA f'ko ikoZrh dh feV~Vh dh ewjr ij nw/kesa Mqcks, Qwy p<+krh gSaA Qwyksa ds uke Hkh fy,tkrs gSaA

,d vksj yM+dh ds uke] yM+dh dh ilUn dh ckr dh tkrh gS rks nwljh vksj C;kgh yM+dh] vius dks ^ijk;k* le>s tkus ij eka&cki ls loky djrh gS %

dkSu [kksa nbZa ckcqy e<+k&vVkjhdkSu [kksa nbZa ijnsl] eksjs yky\chju [kksa nbZa ckcqy e<+k&vVkjhcsVh [kksa nbZa ijnsl] eksjs ykydk; [kksa ekrk eksjkS tue /kjkS rksdk; [kksa djha ijkbZ] eksjs yky\

vDlj de mez dh nqYgu [ksyuk pkgrh gSAlef/kusa ckrsa djrh gSa] eka dgrh gS dkSu esjh csVhdks f[kyk,xk] dkSu lj esa rsy yxk,xk vkSj oksfdlds lkFk [ksysxh] rks lkl mls vk'oLr Hkhdjrh gSA

f>yfey f>yfey fn;uk tyr gSvjs fn;uk tys lkjh jkrlklk eksjh /ksfj;k dk ljrS dysÅukumuh yxos ewMs rsyygqjh 1⁄4NksVh1⁄2 uun laxs [ksyu tbgSvjs fi;k lax jfggkS lks;


xhrksa ds t+fj, ijks{k&vijks{k :i ls fojks/kkRed fn[kus okyh ckrsa vklkuh ls ijksl nh tkrh gSaA ckjkr njokt+s yx jgh gS] nwYgk gekjh ykM+ks dks C;kgus vk jgs gSa] lHkh iyd&ikaoM+s fcNk jgs gSaA

vizSy&flrEcj 2007 21

dslj fNaVs egjtok rw esjh xyh vk]eSSa rks jph&jph tsouk cuk;ks lf[k;ktsouk tsos egjtok rw esjh xyh vk eSa rks jph&jph lsft;k Mlk;ks] lf[k;kalsft;k lksos egjtok rw esjh xyh vk

1⁄4Hkkstiqjh1⁄2

lkFk gh viuh fcfV;k dks ,sls tknw&Vksuk fl[kk, tk jgs gSa fd nwYgk mlds o'k esa jgs%

lsgjs Åij tksx fd;k gS yfM+;ksa Åij Vksuklks isUg cbBs nqYkgk jktkgks x, nhokukllqj ds xfy;k , ckcwlkjh vdy HkqykuklkM+h pqfu;kou lsft;k Mlkuktc esjh ykM+ks tsou cbBscsfu;k MksykukAA llqj---

1⁄4Hkkstiqjh1⁄2

csVh fonk djus dk nq%[k vkSj mYykl lkFk&lkFk gSa%

cM+js tru ls ge fl;k /kh;k ikslyksekbZ ls gks fl;k jke ys&ys tk;rvaxuk eksjk lwu dbys tk;A

1⁄4Hkkstiqjh1⁄2

C;kg dk mYykl] nqYgk&nqYgu dh igyh feyu] et+kd vkSj jax fcjaxh pqgyckft+;ka ^dksgcj* ds xhrksa esa lek, jgrs gSa%

Ekksj yky jaxy dksgcjxqyky jaxy dksgcj?kqa?kVk u [kksysyq /kuh

eq[kgwa u cksysyqgafl&gafl ft;jk rjlk;js

bart+kj vkSj eku&eukSoy esa jkf=k ds pkjksa igj chr tkrs gSa%

vkt lqfnu fnu chr xsy l[khdar vk;y ikgqukvkgs vk;y l[kh lc fn;uk tykoylst fngys fcNkoukigyh igj jkfr chr xsy l[khcSBh djr fugksj gsvkgs drsd vknj drsd fcurhdrsd djc fugksj gs

1⁄4eSfFkyh1⁄2

nwljs igj esa ^djtksjh*] rhljs esa ^fpjkSjh* vkSj pkSFks esa ^ib;ka iM+wa* djrs&djrs jkr chr xbZA vkSj %

gks xbys Hkksj fHkuqlkj gsvkgs vk;y l[kh lc fn;uk Mlkoylst fngys mBkbZ gs

1⁄4eSfFkyh1⁄2

tc fi;k fcnsl pys x, gSa dekus] rks fcjg.kh dSls D;k djsA oks viuh O;Fkk] viuh rM+i o ihj xhrksa esa xwaFkrh gS%

Hkknq fcj[kk >qd jgh ?kVk p<+h uHk tksjdks;y dwad lq.kkorh cksys nknqj eksjfexlj eghuk eak;us ru esa mBS rjaxvj/k fulk esa vk;dS enu djr eks raxFkka fcu dqt lq/k Egkjh ysoS Egkjk jkt

1⁄4jktLFkkuh1⁄2


lklw eSa rks efj xbÅavc lksB lksBmjk u [kkcbZvc lbZ;ka dbZ eq[k uk ns[kcmvc yky iyax uk lksbcbZ

1⁄4vo/kh1⁄2

ysfdu tc u;k tho xksn esa vkrk gS] tUe dk peRdkj izdV gksrk gS rks ckr iyV tkrh gS] lkjh ihj xk;c gks tkrh gSA vuqHkwfr dh uktqdrk gkL; ds iqV ds dkj.k vklkuh ls vfHkO;Dr gks tkrh gS%

pmFkh ihj tc vkbZgksfjyu jksbZ lqukbZlklw ihjk xbZ jkek ihjkvc lksafB] lksBmjk d [kkcbvc lb;k¡ dk eq[kM+k ns[kcbZvc jrqyh iyax ge lksbcbZ

1⁄4vo/kh1⁄2

vkSjr ds thou ds cgqr lkjs igyw yksdxhrksa esa Li"V :Ik ls j[ks tkrs gSaA

izpfyr dFkk&dgkfu;ksa dks Hkh vius&vius rjhd+s ls xhrksa ds ek/;e ls vfHkO;Dr djus dh] gj vapy esa ijEijk jgh gSA

L=kh ds dbZ :i lhrk dFkk ls tqMs+ yksdxhrksa esa fn[kkbZ iM+rs gSaA lnk&lnk dh vukFk lhrk Hkh jke ls vfXu&ijh{kk ds le; loky j[krh gSA og pqipki vfXu&ijh{kk esa ugha mrjrhA

pkSng cfjl rqe dk dhUgksa ekurfud crkogq gegqa ds eksjs izku

xhrksa esa viuh dke&bPNk dks og xhrksa esa viuh dke&bPNk dks og [kqy dj j[k ikrh gSA tgka vkSjr dks

viuh ekufld&'kkjhfjd bPNkvksa dks gj le; nckuk iM+rk gS] ogha xhrksa esa bUgsa vklkuh ls j[kk tkrk gSA [kwclwjr dfoRoe; Hkk"kk esa ns'k ds vusd vapyksa esa ckjgekls] dtjh o pSrh xk, tkrs gSa %

xjts cjls js cknjokfi;k fcuk eksgs uk lqgk;ikol nx/kr gs l[kh]fNu&fNu cjlr esg]cwUn ij vxuh mBS tkjr lxjh nsg,sls lkou esa lkaofj;k eksgs NksfM+ tk,

1⁄4Hkkstiqjh1⁄2

yksdxhr L=kh dh nq[krh jxksa dks vxj mHkkjrs gSa rks muds eu ds mYykl esa jax Hkh Hkjrs gSaA clar o gksyh] tSls R;ksgkjksa ds xhrksa dk vuwBk HkaMkj gSA

lS;ka ds ixfj;k esa jax Mk#¡ gks ykylklq ds pksjh gksjh [ksyu ykxhdjr fi;k cjtksjh gks yky

1⁄4Hkkstiqjh1⁄2

dbZ txg] dbZ xhrksa esa ukjh&'kjhj ikus dk nq%[k t+kfgj fd;k x;k gS rks dbZ txg mldh [kq'kh HkhA tpxh o tUe ds volj ij xk, tkus okys xhr & lksgj] esa ;s nksuksa Hkkouk,a vkSj budk vkilh laca/k Hkh mtkxj gksrk gS %

ihjk HkbZ jkek ihjkigyh ihj tc vkbZeksjh lklq dks nsgq cksykbZ


lhrk cuokl dh dFkk Hkh yksdxhrksa esa nwljk gh:i /kj ysrh gSA lhrk dh uun gSA og HkkStkbZ ls ckj&ckj ft+n djrh gS fd og jko.k dk fp=k cuk nsA og tkuuk pkgrh gS dSlk Fkk yads'kA fp=k cukus ls igys lhrk 'krZ j[krh gS%

jkou mjsgksa tcbZ ckjh uunh ?kj esa [kcj u gks;tks lqu ik, chju rqEgkjs ?kj ls ns; fudkj

1⁄4cqUnsy[k.M1⁄2

lhrk tkurh gSa fd ;fn jke dks irk pyk fd oks jko.k dk fp=k cuk jgh gSa rks os mls ?kj ls fudky nsaxsA lhrk dks jko.k dh ;kn gSA mlds jax :i dn dks mlus ns[kk gSA ;g fdlh jkek;.k esa ugha dgk tk,xkA ij ;gka lhrk viuh uunh ds fy, fp=k mdsjrh gSA rHkh jke vk tkrs gSa] vkSj lhrk fp=k feVk nsrh gSA cgu jke ds dku Hkj nsrh gS vkSj y{e.k HkkStkbZ dks Qqlyk dj pkykdh ls ou dh vksj ys tkrs gSa %

pyks u HkkSth ek;dsrqejh ekb± us jps gSa C;kouS eksjs ckcqy dh nwlfj f/k;kjhuS eksjs lgksnj chjljx dh iVdh gSa lhrk vHkkxu/kjrh us ybZ gSa >sy

lhrk tkurh gS] fd mls dksbZ HkkbZ&cgu ugh gSa fQj fdlds C;kg ds cgkus nsoj mls ek;ds ys tk jgs gSaA ij lhrk D;k djs] ifr dh vkKk rks ekuuh gh gSA

jkLrs esa lhrk dks I;kl yxrh gSA y{e.k ikuh ykdj j[k nsrs gSa vkSj pqipki py nsrs gSa%

lhry pyh gS iofu;kalhrk [kksa vk xbZ nq%[k uhanmrs ls vk, ckjs nsojknkSuksa esa Hkj yk, uhjuhj rks Vkaxksa dne lsyNeu /kj ybZ ?kjbZ dh xSypyks gs >dksjk yq<+d xoknksuk lhrk is ijh tycwan

nsoj ds Ny diV xhr esa Li"V gSa] blh xhr esa fQj lhrk dk lkFk nsrs gSa ou ds tho] tc muds vius mls Hkqyk nsrs gSaA

,sls xhr Hkh gSa ftuesa uun&nsoj dks lcd fl[kkus dh lh[k nh xbZ gSA xkus dh eLrh dh vkM+ esa lkl ds vkns'kksa dks cgw mYVk dj nsrh gS vkSj vius eu dh djrh gSA

eSaus jkrksa dgjok [kwc lquklklw gekjh dg xbZa Fkha cgqvk[kwaVs ls cNM+k cka/k nsukvjs eSWa fcpkjh Hkwy xbZ FkheSaus Hkwys ls nsojk cka/k fn;k

1⁄4mÙkj izns'k1⁄2

dgha rks nsoj&uun dk ;g :i gS rks dgha uun HkkStkbZ vDlj vkilh lkaB&xkaB djds vius&vius ;kj ls Hkh feyrh gSaA vkt+knh dh NksVh lh ehBh c;kj eu dks Nw ysrh gSA

lklqj ifu;k dSls tkÅa jlhys nksÅ u;ukcgqvks vks<ks pVd pqufj;kvkSj flj ij j[kks xxfj;kNksVh uun dks ys fyfgu lkFk jlhys


uunh cSBks dne dh Mfj;keSa Hkj ykma ehBk ifu;k

dkUrk cSBks esjs lax nksuksa ckr djsaxs laxekuunh ?kj esa u dfg;ks tk;jlhys nksÅ u;uk

1⁄4cqansy[kaMh1⁄2

;gh ugha] lf[k;ksa&lgsfy;ksa ds chp L=kh vius chrs izse&izlaxksa dh Hkh ckr djrh gSA

fny Mkjs vVk is dk; Bk<+hd; rksjs lkl uun nq[k nhUghad; rksjs lS;ka us nbZ xkjhu; eksjs lkl uun nq[k nhUghau; eksjs lb;ka us nbZ xkjheSds ds ;kj eksgs lius esa nh[ks[kk, fgyksj QVS Nkrh

yksdxhr] ^l[khius* dh o vU; fL=k;ksa ds lkFk ^lk>hnkjh* dh Hkkouk Hkh fy, jgrs gSaA lkl] uun] tsBkuh ds lkFk vf/kdrj bZ";kZ] ncko dh ckrsa vkrh gSaa ij dgha&dgha vius eu dh ckrsa lk>k djus dh ckr Hkh vkrh gSA lkFk&lkFk ikuh Hkjus tkuk] gkV&cktkj tkuk] >wyk >wyuk vkilh galh et+kd djuk- bu lcds fy, ,sls xhr gSa tks eu dh xgjh rgksa rd mrj tkrs gSa%

lqu yks cfgu gekjhlS;ka ds lkSr fi;kjhge rks lksosa ckgj ijnuhviuk egy vVkjhgedks Hkkstu [kM+s puksa dks

mUgsa nw/k lqgakjhdkgs lkSa ijhr d#¡ cyek [kksatks xr cukbZ gekjh


ijEijk ls ifr dks ijes'oj ekuus okyh L=kh loky [kM+s djrh gSA D;ksa I;kj djs ,sls ifr ls tks nwljh dks ys vkos\

bl izdkj] ns'k ds nwj&njkt ds fdrus gh bykdksa esa ,sls xhr izpfyr gSa ftuls ge vufHkK gSaA yksdxhrksa dh nqfu;k vkSjrksa dh viuh nqfu;k gSA ogka dh ekSfydrk vkSj rkt+xh ft+Unxh ds vuwBsiu ls mith gS vkSj mitrh jgrh gSA viuh ns'kt lkaLÑfrd vfHkO;fDr;ksa ds t+fj, vkSjrsa dHkh gYds ls vkSj dHkh eq[kj :i ls viuh fLFkfr ij fVIi.kh djrh pyrh gS( vius liuksa dks mdsjrh jgrh gSa vkSj eu dh ckjhfd;ksa dks t+qcku nsrh jgrh gSaA vxj ge vknjiwoZd bu xhrksa dh ijrksa dks [kksyrs gSa rks vusd vuke dfo&xkf;dk,a izdV gksrh gSa] ftUgksaus ft+Unxh dh tfVyrkvksa dks le>k gS] vius ;FkkFkZ dks mtkxj fd;k gS mldh eeZLi'khZ O;k[;k dh gS vkSj mls pqukSrh Hkh nh gSA

ge bUgsa lkfgR; dgsa u dgsa ij os gSa ekuoh vuqHkwfr;ksa dk [kwclwjr [kt+kukA vkt ds ;qx esa tc ,d vthc lh f[kpM+h laLÑfr ge lcds Åij gkoh gks jgh gS] rks t+:jh gS fd ge ns'k dh bu vuke] ij l'kDr l`tudkjksa dks lqusa le>sa vkSj L=kh&la?k"kZ esa u, o lqUnj vk;ke tksM+saA ¦


^flBuh* o ^xkyh* xhr

flBuh ,d ,slh xk;u 'kSyh gS tks 'kknh ds ekSdksa ij ,d nwljs dks rat+ ekjus ds fy, bLrseky dh tkrh gSA yM+ds okys nqYgu ds ifjokj okyksa dks flBuh nsrs gSa vkSj yM+dh okys nwYgs ds ifjokj okyksa dksA ij esjk vuqHko flQ+Z yM+ds okyksa }kjk xkbZ flBuh ds vk/kkj ij gSaA

ckjkr vkus ij yM+dh okys ?kj dh vkSjrsa njokt+s ij [kM+s gksdj tat 1⁄4ckjkr1⁄2 ds fy, flBuh xkrh gSaA blesa xkyh] rat+ dlus okys cksy] oj dks cnlwjr vkSj yM+dh ds fy, v;ksX; Bgjk;k tkrk gSA dkQ+h nsj flBuh xkus ds ckn gh nwYgs dks ?kj

pqfIi;ksa ls ijsvkSjrksa ds mRlo xhr

f'k[kk f>axu

bl ipsZ esa eSa vkSjrksa }kjk fookg ds ekSdksa ij xk, tkus okys mu xhrksa ds ckjs esa ckr dj jgh

gwa ftlesa os viuh bPNkvksa vkSj ;kSfudrk dh ckrsa djrh gSaA vkSjrsa tks viuh cksyh o O;ogkj

esa vkerkSj ij lkSE; jgrh gSa fookg mRloksa ds nkSjku mPN`a[ky gks tkrh gSA ij eSa bldks jkst+kuk

ds nk;jscan O;ogkj dks rksM+us dh bPNk ugha ekurh gwaA esjs vuqlkj bu lgt vfHkO;fDr;ksa dh

ijEijk dks jkst+kuk ds lkekftd O;ogkj ds ^izrhdkRed myVko* ds :i esa ns[kk tkuk pkfg,A

bl fo"k; ij esjh 'kks/k iatkc ds lax:j ft+ys eysjdksVyk xzke dh vkSjrksa rd lhfer gSA eSaus

dqidyka xkao esa fejklh leqnk; dh dqN vkSjrksa ls Hkh ckrphr dhA ßfejkfluÞ dgykbZ tkus okyh

;g vkSjrsa vius ;tekuksa ds fy, ft+anxh ds gj ekSdksa & fookg] e`R;q] tUe ij xhr xkrh gSaA ;g

;teku tkV leqnk; ds t+ehankj oxZ ls gksrs gSaA eSaus tkV ifjokjksa dh vkSjrksa ds lkFk Hkh xhrksa

dh ppkZ dh ftUgkasus bu xhrksa ds ihNs fNih vius lksp dks esjs lkFk ckaVkA

lyek ekysjdksVyk xzke dh fejkflu

ys[k

QksVks % f'k[kk f>

axu


ds vanj ys tk;k tkrk gSA tc tat dks [kkuk ijkslk tkrk gS rc fQj flBuh xkbZ tkrh gSA bl flBuh esa nwYgs ds ?kj okyksa ds uke fy, tkrs gSa [k+kldj mldh eka&cgu ds ;kSfud fj'rksa dk blesa o.kZu fd;k tkrk gSA bu xhrksa esa yM+ds dh eka dks [kqys ;kSu laca/kksa dh pkg j[kus okyh dgk tkrk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, %

vjs nwYgs] rqe vdsys D;ksa vk, gksrqEgkjh eka D;ksa lkFk ugha vkbZdSls vkrh! mlus vHkh csVh tuh gSmls ykSax] lkSaB vkSj vtokbuf[kykbZ tk jgh gSA

bu xhrksa esa nwYgs dh eka dks tpxh ds nkSjku f[kyk, tkus okys elkys [kkrs gq, crk;k tkrk gSkA mldk et+kd mM+k;k tkrk gS fd csVs dh 'kknh ds oDr Hkh og ;kSu laca/kksa esa jeh gSA ftl vkSjr ds csVs dk fookg gksrk gS] ;g ekuk tkrk gS fd mldh ;kSfud fØ;k,a vc lekIr gks xbZ gksaxhA bl xhr ds t+fj, vkSjrksa dh ;kSfud NsM+NkM+ vkSj meax O;Dr gksrh gSA flBuh flQ+Z eka rd lhfer ugha gksrhA dqi vkSj tsroky dh vkSjrsa nwYgs ds vU;

efgyk fj'rsnkjksa ds fy, Hkh flBuh xkrh gSaA bu xhrksa esa yM+ds okyksa dh vkSjrksa dks yM+dh ds ?kj ds iq#"kksa ds lkFk ;kSfud laca/kksa dk et+k ysrs gq, crk;k tkrk gSA

geus cjxn ds isM+ ij >wyk Mkyk>wys ij cSBh gS nwYgs dh cgukvke ds cxhps esaog igyh ihax esa Åij p<+ xbZvjs idM+ks mls yM+dksa] og vke ds cxhps esa gSgka] gekjs yM+dksa us mls idM+ fy;k gSA

iwNus ij dh yM+ds dh eka&cgu dks gh D;ksa flBuh esa NsM+k tkrk gS lcus dgk fd ;gflQZ+ et+kd gksrk gSA Ñ".kk ftlds ?kj esa ge

cSBdj ckr fd;k djrs Fks us ,d nwljk igyw fn[kk;kA mlds vuqlkj D;ksafd yM+ds okys vkidh csVh dks ys tk jgs gSa blfy, mlds ifjokj dh eka@cgu ij ge ut+j Mkyrs gSaAnwljs 'kCnksa esa ;g yM+dh okyksa dks yM+ds okyksa ls uhpk le>s tkus

okyh lksp dks pqukSrhnsus dk iz;kl gSA et+s dh ckr rks ;g gS fd yxHkx lHkh xhrksa esa vkSjrsa nwljs i{k ds iq#"kksa ds lkFk ;kSu laca/k cukus dks vkrqjfn[kkbZ tkrh gSaA

dqidyka dh fejkflusa vius fjdkWMZ fd, xhrksa dks lqurs gq,A

QksVks % f'k[kk f>

axu

¦

¦

,d fejkflu lh/kks crkrh gSa& ßge lHkh

fj'rsnkjksa ds fy, flBuh xkrs gSaA 'kknh djkus

okys fcpkSfy;ksa dks Hkh c['kk ugha tkrkA lef/k;ksa

ds vkus ij gesa flBuh xkuk 'kq# djuk gksrk

gSA tc fj'rsnkj gekjs xhrksa ls [kq'k gksrs gSa rks

gesa c['kh'k nsrs gSaAÞ


,d vU; flBuh] tks eysjdksVyk dh efgyk,axkrh gSa esa Hkh nwYgs dh eka dh ;kSfudrk dh ppkZ gS] ßog vius izseh dk ukfj;y [kkrh gS] gka] dqM+e dh oksVh vius izseh dk ukfj;y [kkrh gSAÞ

;g flBuh esjs fy, lyek vkSj 'kdwjk nks fejkfluksa us xkbZ FkhA ;gka ij ukfj;y iq#"k fyax dk izrhd gS vkSj xkus esa dgk tkrk gS fd yM+ds dh eka dks 'kknh ls T+;knk vius ;kSfud laca/kksa esa fnypLih gSA

vf/kdka'k xhr oftZr fj'rksa ds chp ;kSu laca/kksa dh bPNk ij cus gSaA xqipqi eqykdkrksa dh ckrsa vkSjoftZr fj'rksa dh lhek yka?kus dh pkgr dks Hkh]lkekftd ijEijkvksa dk fojks/k djrs gq, ns[kk tk ldrk gSA

nwYgs dh cgu ds vkf'kd gSaog vf[k;ksa esa dkty yxkdj vkrh gSgeus mls xqipqi vkus dks dgk Fkkog 'kksj epkdj vkrh gSgeus vdsys vkus dks dgk Fkkog iapk;r ysdj vkrh gSgeus eqag va/ksjs vkus dks dgk Fkkog lqcg losjs vkrh gS

flBuh xkus vkSj lquus okyksa dks eísut+j j[kdj eSa dg ldrh gwa fd ;g xk;u 'kSyh vkSjrksa ds vanj mYya?ku djus dh bPNk dh vfHkO;fDr gSA oftZr txgksa ij tkus vkSj lhekvksa dks rksM+us dh [okfg'ksa rFkk ^xkyh* xhrksa ds ek/;e ls O;Dr gksrh vkSjr dh ;kSu bPNk njvly lekt }kjk cuk, fu;eksa dks myVdj] ekun.Mksa dh eq[kkyQ+r dk gh rks izrhd gSA

flBuh xkus vkSj lquus okys nksuksa i{k dh vkSjrsa vius fdjnkjksa dh vnykcnyh djrh jgrh gSa D;ksafd lHkh tkurh gSa fd bl NsM+NkM+ esa mudh Hkh ckjh vk,xhA

dke vkSj vkjke

'kknh dh rS;kfj;ka 'kq: gksrs gh vkSjrsa viuh [k+keks'kh rksM+dj xkus dks rS;kj gks tkrh gSaA ;g NsM+us dk lcls mi;qDr ekSdk gksrk gSA vkSjrsa ^xkyh* ds xhr xkrh gSa] thtk o nsoj dks ysdj ,d nwljs dks NsM+rh gSa] lkl&uun ds fy, ^cksfy;ka* xkrh gSaA bu mPNa[ky xhr&gjd+rksa ds t+fj, os vius vki dks O;Dr djrh gSaA

'kknh ds ekSdksa ij gh vkSjrsa vius eqag ij p<+s eq[kkSVs mrkjdj [kqysvke xhr xk ldrh gSaA xhrksa ds ek/;e ls og viuh ;kSfudrk dh ckr djrh gSa ftlesa xS+j enksZa ls laca/k] ;kSfud vFkZ fy, galh&BB~Bk] rFkk vius xkao esa vkus&tkus okys ;ksfx;ksa ds lkFk ;kSu lq[k dh dYiukvksa dk c[kku gksrk gSA pqIih dh txg ckrphr] laxhr] galh&fBBksyh vkSj udy ys ysrh gSaA ij vkSjrksa ds bu mYya?kuksa dks gesa le>uk Hkh gksxkA D;k vkSjrsa vius dks feyh bl {kf.kd txg dks ,d vkjke ikus ds ekSds dh rjg ns[krh gSa\ vius uSfrd fu;eksa vkSj fj'rsnkfj;ksa ds chp vkSjrsa vius vlaxr O;ogkj ds fy, dSls ekSds vkSj txg cukrh gS\ eka, viuh cgw&csfV;ksa dks Hkn~ns xhrksa ds ek/;e ls viuh ;kSfudrk O;Dr djus dh btkt+r dSls ns nsrh gSa\

tks tokc eq>s feys muesa vkSjrksa ds fofo/k vuqHko 'kkfey FksA vf/kdka'k vkSjrksa us flBuh


dks e[k+kSy ;k et+kd crk;kA dqN Hkn~ns xhrksa ds laoknksa dk vFkZ iwNus ij vkSjrsa 'kq:&'kq: esa rks cgqr fgpfdpkrh FkhaA fQj tc eSaus ,d xkao esa fjdkMZ fd, xhr nwljs xkao dh vkSjrksa dks lquk;k rks mUgksaus dgk ^xan&ean* ;kfu v'yhyA ij dqN nsj ckn os mls xkus yxhaA

xhr esa vkxs nwljs diM+ksa dk ft+Ø gS ij t+ksj ;kSfud vaxksa ij igus tkus okys diM+ksa ij gSA ;gka flBuh vkSj jaxjst+ ds chp ;kSu laca/k dh vksj b'kkjk gSA jax rFkk vkSjr ds diM+ksa ds chp fj'rk xkus dh dkeqdrk dks vkSj c<+kok nsrk gSA

dqidyka esa ,d C;kg esa vkSjrsa flBuh xk jgh FkhaA ,d fejkflu HkkxhjFkh us crk;k fd 'kknh ds ekSds ij vkSjrsa vius iqjkus lax&lacaf/k;ksa nksLr&ukrsnkjksa ek;ds okyksa ls feyrh gSaA

HkkxhjFkh ds vuqlkj ,d C;kgh vkSjr ls mEehn dh tkrh gS fd og viuh bPNk,a vkSj [okc viuh llqjky vkSj ifr ds fgr esa dqckZu dj nsaxhA og vius ek;ds okyksa ds fy, ijkbZ gks tk,xhA ij vkSjrsa ,slk dgka djrh gSaA fdlh 'kknh ds ekSds ij feyus ij ,d yM+dh tks llqjky esa pqipki jgrh gS vius tksM+hnkj dks feydj tks'k ls Hkj tkrh gSaA mls viuh vkokt+ viuk lkFkh fey tkrk gSA

gkykafd 'kknh ds nkSjku ?kj esa dkQ+h dke gksrk gS fQj Hkh ifjokj ds jkst+kuk ds dke esa Qsjcny gks tkrk gSA [kkuk cukus vkSj f[kykus dk dke ?kj dh nwljh vkSjrsa o dke djus okyh nqYgu dh ckb;ka djus yxrh gSaA nwYgs o nqYgu dh eka vius fj'rsnkjksa dks dke lkSai nsrh gSaA bl dke ds caVokjs ds lkFk&lkFk vkSjrsa ,d vkt+knh dk vglkl djrh gSaA lkFk fey cSBus dh [kq'kh vkSj mRlo ds ekgkSy esa fdlh ,d vkSjr ij ut+j ugha tkrhA

vius dke ds nkSjku eSaus tkuk fd ,d tkV efgyk Qly dkVus ds le; lkjk fnu O;Lr jgrh

ßC;kg gksus ij cpiu dgha [kks tkrk gSA laxh

lgsfy;ka] ekSlsjh&ppsjh cgusa Hkh viuh&viuh

llqjky pyh tkrh gSaA ij bu yksxksa ds chp jgdj

vki toku gq, gSaA C;kg 'kknh esa feyus ij cpiu

vkSj cpiu dk vYgM+iu ;kn vk tkrk gSA ftu

xhrksa dks vki xkrs lqurs cM+s gq, gSa mu xhrksa dh

;kn vk tkrh gSÞA

HkkxhjFkh 1⁄4dqidyka xkao1⁄2

¦

eksj mM+dj esjs Vhds ij cSB x;kesjs Vhds dh ped ys x;keksj mM+dj esjs dejcan ij cSB x;kesjs dejcan dh ped ys x;k

xhr ds vkxs ds cksyksa esa 'kjhj ds nwljs fgLlksa esa iguus okys t+sojksa ds uke fy, x,A ;g xhr mÙkstd Fkk D;ksafd blesa vkSjrsa eksj dk vius 'kjhj ds t+sojksa ls fj'rk c;ku djrh gSaA ,d nwljs xhr esa vkSjrksa ds diM+ksa ds t+fj, mldh dkeqdrk dk c[kku gSA

jaxjst+] lkMk izk gS jaxjst+dsMsa jax jaxw rsjh vafx;kxqykch] I;kt+h ;k dksbZ gksjjaxjst+] lkMk izk gS jaxjst+

¦


ljuthr dkSj dh bl ckr ls Li"V gksrk gS fd vkSjrsa 'kknh dks dke] ,dtqVrk vkSj xhrxkus ds ekSds ds :i esa ns[krh FkhaA 'kknh&C;kg dh lkekftd ;knxkjksa esa gesa vkSjrksa dsvuqHkoksa dh fofo/krk fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA HkkxhjFkh bls vius ek;ds okyksa vkSj nksLrksa ls feyusdk volj dgrh gSaA ljuthr dkSj xhr xkus vkSj lkFk dke fuiVkus dk ekSdk crkrhtks gesa gekjs dke vkSj vkjke ds chp foHkktu ds ckjs esa nksckjk lkspus dks ck/; djrh gSA;gka dh vkSjrsa rks nksuksa pht+ksa dks ,d lkFk ns[krh gSaA

^flBuh* ;k ^xkyh* ds xhr ,d O;kid ut+fj;k is'k djrs gSa & ;g ut+fj;k FkksM+k csrqdkt+:j gS ij ;g vkSjrksa dh jkst+ejkZ dh catjft+anxh dks lhaprs gSaA ftl vkSjr dks eq[k+kfrc djds flBuh xkbZ tkrh gS ml vkSjr esa xkus okyh viuk vDl ns[krh gSaA flBuh 'kSyhjksekap] mYya?ku o l`tukRed vkt+knh dh vfHkO;fDr gSA bls ^flBuh* ;k ^xkyh* ds xhr dk uke nsdj vkSjrsa bls gkf'k, ij <dsy ldrh gSa & ,d ,slk O;ogkj ekudj tks nwljs ds lkFk fd;k tk jgk gks vkSj ftldk bLrseky dsoy C;kg&'kknh ds volj ij fd;k tkldrk gSA ij bl ukekoyh ds uhps ^flBuh* 'kSyh ds xhr vkSjrksa dks viuh fNih oftZr ;kSfudrk ij varjn`f"V Mkydj eq[kj gksus dk ekSdk nsrs gSaA ¦

gSA dqN ifjokj dVkbZ ds dke ds fy, et+nwjksa dks ukSdjh ij j[krs Fks ftlls ?kj dk dke dj ldsaA et+nwjksa ds fy, [kkuk idk ldsaA et+nwjksa dks [kkuk fey tkrk Fkk vkSj dVkbZ dk dke Hkh fuiV tkrkA t+ehankj Hkh et+nwj ij iwjk dCt+k j[k ikrk Fkk D;ksafd et+nwj pkSchlksa ?kaVs mldh ut+jksa ds lkeus jgrs FksA

Bhd blh rjg iatkc ds bu xkaoksa esa dke vkSj vkjke dk caVokjk gksrk gSA Qly dkVus ds ckn fejkflusa ?kj&?kj tkdj ;tekuksa ls vukt bdV~Bk djrh gSa blfy, dkQ+h O;Lr jgrh gSaA

C;kg ds ?kj esa dke dh dksbZ deh ugha gksrhA

eghuksa igys yM+dh ds diM+s] xgus] fj'rsnkjksa ds

fy, migkj] esgekuksa ds fy, vukt /kksuk] lkQ+

djuk vkSj ihldj j[kuk tSls dke vkSjrsa djrh

gSaA bldk ;g Q+k;nk gksrk gS fd vkSjrksa dks lkFk

oDr xqt+kjus vkSj xkus&ctkus dk ekSdk fey

tkrk gSA

d+kQh vkSjrksa dh f'kdk;r gS fd vktdy

bl rjg ds ekSds ugha fey ikrsA igys

ikl&iM+ksl vkSj fj'rs dh vkSjrsa gj 'kke

'kknh dk dke djkus vkrh FkhaA diM+s] feBkbZ]

ikiM+] cM+h cuk, tkrs FkA fejkflu vkSj ukbZ

U;kSrk nsus] [kkuk idkus esa enn djrh FkhaA

yM+ds okys ckjkr ysdj xkao esa rhu jkst+ Bgjrs

FksA tc fj'rsnkj [kkuk [kkus cSBrs rc flBuh

xkbZ tkrh FkhA

ljuthr dkSj 1⁄4tsrokydyka xkao1⁄2

¦

¦


ekSfl;kavukfedk

dfork

os ckfj'k dh /kwi dh rjg vkrh gSa&FkksM+s le; ds fy, vkSj vpkud !gkFk ds cqus LosVj] banz/kuq"k]fry ds yM~MwvkSj l/kksj dh lkM+h ysdjos vkrh gSa >wyk >qykusigyh feryh dh [kcj ikdj vkSj xHkZ lgykdjysrh gSa varfje jiVx`gpØ] fcLrj vkSj [kqnjk mnkfl;ksa dhA>kM+rh gSa tkys] laHkkyrh gSa cDls]esgur ls lqy>krh gSaHkhrj rd my>s cky]dj nsrh gSa pksVh&ikVhvkSj MkaVrh Hkh tkrh gSa fd ixyh rwfdl /kqu esa jgrh gS tksckyksa dh xkaBs Hkh rq>ls Bhd ls fudyrh ughaAcky ds cgkus os xkaBs lqy>krh gSathou dhAdjrh gSa ifjgkl] lqukrh gSa fdLlsvkSj fQj galrh&galkrh

nch&l/kh vkokt+ esa crkrh tkrh gSapVuh&vpkj&ewaxofM+;ka vkSj csLokn laca/kpViVk cukus ds xqIr elkys vkSj uqL[ks&lkjh mu rdyhQ+ksa ds ftu ij /;ku Hkh ugha tkrk vkSjksa dkAvka[kksa ds uhps /khjs&/khjsftlds ilj tkrs gSa lk;svkSj xHkZ ls fjlrs gSa tks eghuksa pqipki&[kwu ls vkalw ls]ipiu ds vklikl ds vdsysiu dsdkys&dRFkbZ mu pdÙkksa dkekSfl;ksa ds oS|d esa,d gh bykt gS&galh vkSj dkyhiwtk vkSj iwjs eksgYys dhvEekfxjhAchloha 'krh dh dwM+kxkM+hysrh xbZ [ksr ls dksM+dj viusthou dh dqN t+:jh pht+sa&tSls ekSlhiu] cqvkiu]pkphiaFkh vkSj vEekfxjh eXulkjs Hkqou dhA

fp=k % vk'kek flag] lkHkkj % uqDdM+ uqDdM+ vkaxu vkaxu] tkxksjh] 1988


jktk tud ds egy esa xgek xgeh FkhA pkjks a vksj Qwy ekyk,a] nhid vkSj 'kgukbZ dh xwat FkhA vkt tud dh I;kjh csVh lhrk dk jke ls fookg FkkA bl fookg ls v;ks/;k vkSj eSFkyh ds chp nksLrh ds fj'rs vkSj et+cwr gks tk,axsA

vk/kh jkr <y pqdh FkhA lkjk ekgkSy 'kkUr FkkA uofookfgr tksM+k ,d nwljs dh vka[kksa esa [kks pqdk FkkA nksuksa dks lksus dh dksbZ tYnh ugha

FkhA dqN ckrsa] galh&fBBksyh vkSj dqN izsekyki dh ehBh xwat lqukbZ nsus yxh FkhA

jke viuh ohjrk ds fdLls lquk jgs Fks & fdrus jkT;ksa ij p<+kbZ dh] fdrus jk{kl ekjs] fdl rjg ekjs vkfn vkfnA ij lhrk ds fnekx esa dqN vkSj py jgk FkkA

ßD;k taxy esa vkids lkFk dqN ;knxkj] [kwclwjr ugha ?kVk & dqN ,slk tks bl fouk'k ls gVdj gks\Þ

/kjrh dh xwatoksYxk

dgkuh

fp=k % fouk;d

Hkêkp

k;Z] lkHkkj

% n

fyfVy e

Sxt+hu o

kWY;we

7 b

'kq 1

&2


ß[kwclwjr] lkspus nks & gka] ,d fnu eSaus ,d cyk dh [kwclwjr L=kh dks ns[kk FkkAÞ lhrk ek;wl gks xbZA jke us eq>ls igys fdlh vkSj lqUnj vkSjr dks ns[kk] ;g dqN Bhd ughaA lhrk ds psgjs ds mM+rs jax ns[kjke us fdLls dk #[k+ cny fn;kA og mlsnq[k ugha igqapkuk pkgrs Fks] pkgs et+kd esa gh lghA

ßmldh cM+h vka[kksa us eq>s eksfgr dj fn;kA yxk tSls dksbZ fo'kky leqnz lkeus Fkk] ftlesa cQZ+ vkSj vkx nksuksa dk laxe FkkA gksaBksa ij gYdh lh eqLdku ftlesa xqLlk] /khjt] n;k] I;kj] vyxko lHkh FkkA muds le{k eq>s ,d iw.kZrk dk vglkl gqvkA eSa muds d+neksa ij fxjdj mUgsa iwtuk pkgrk FkkA ij tc eSaus lPpkbZ lquh rks eu dM+okgV ls Hkj x;kA _f"k fo'okfe=k us crk;k fd ml vkSjr dh [kwclwjrh] fcuk pfj=k ds FkhA ij eSa vkt rd og vka[ksa vkSj eqLdku ugha HkwykAÞ

lhrk] tks iwjk fdLlk cM+s /;ku ls lqu jgh Fkh] ml vkSjr dk uke tkudj dqN eksfgr lh gks xbZA vfgY;k ;kfu ,slh /kjrh ftl ij dHkh gy u pyk;k x;k gksA ftlus dHkh gy dk Li'kZ ugha tkuk og pfj=kghu dSls gks ldrh gS\

lhrk dks xgjs fparu esa ns[k jke us dgk ßesjs lkeus gksrs gq, rqEgkjk fnekx HkVd dSls ldrk gS\ vkokt+ esa vkns'k ds lkFk Lusg dk iqV FkkA ßesjk eu ;gha gS] ij lksp jgh Fkh fd vfgY;k pfj=kghu dSls gks ldrh gS\Þ

ßrqe bu lc ckrksa ds fo"k; esa lkspus&le>us ds fy, cgqr NksVh gksA bl ij /;ku er nksAÞ

oDr chrrk x;kA jke ds izse esa lhrk [kq'k FkhA dkS'kY;k ekrk muds ukt+&u[kjs mBkrh FkhaA ?kj dh ;kn vkus dk loky gh ugha mBrk FkkA ,d fnu dkS'kY;k us lhrk dks cqyk HkstkA dqN vU; jkT; dh egkjkfu;ka lhrk dks ns[kus vkbZ FkhaA ßesjh lhrk /kjrh dh iq=kh gSÞ & dkS'kY;k us ,syku fd;kA

ßtud cM+s HkkX;'kkyh gSa] lhrk rks vfgY;k ls Hkh vf/kd lqUnj gSÞ & ,d egkjkuh us dgk

lhrk ldrs esa vk xbZA D;k ;g ogh vfgY;k dh ckr dj jgh Fkha ftldh jke us bruh cM+kbZ dh FkhA

ßvfgY;k dkSu gSaÞ & lhrk us dkS'kY;k ls iwNk

ß_f"k xkSre dh iRuhA csgn [kwclwjr vkSj pfj=kokuA ij fd+Ler dh ekjhAÞ

ßmuds lkFk D;k gqvk] ekaAÞ

ßmudh lqUnjrk us banz dk eu gj fy;kA ,d fnu os"k cnydj] eqfu xkSre dk :i /kjdj banz us viuh gol iwjh dj yhA tc eqfu dks irk pyk rks mUgksaus vfgY;k dks R;kx fn;kA vfgY;k iRFkj cu xbZA vc og taxy esa jgrh gS cs?kj] /kwi&cjlkr ls cst+kj] lcls vn`';AÞ lhrk dh vka[k esa vkalw ns[k dkS'kY;k us le>k;k & ßHkkX; dk fy[kk dksbZ ugha Vky ldrkA rqe bls Hkwy tkvks] ml cnfdLer vkSjr dks ;kn er djksAÞ


dkS'kY;k us lhrk dk /;ku caVkus ds fy, mls cksyus okyk rksrk fn[kk;kA rksrk cksyk] lhrk&fd+Ler] lhrk&HkkX; dk fy[kk] lhrk&fd+LerA

lhrk ds t+sgu esa my>u FkhA og vfgY;k ds fy, Mj] lgkuqHkwfr vkSj nq[k eglwl dj jgh FkhA mls jke ij xqLlk vk jgk Fkk ftlus vfgY;k dks pfj=kghu dgkA ij eka rks vfgY;k dks pfj=koku dg jgh FkhA vkSj ;g rksrk D;k dg jgk Fkk\ lhrk dk lj QVk tk jgk FkkA

f

v;ks/;k dh turk dh vka[kksa esa vkalw FksA lhrk dks vkf[kjdkj pSu feykA D;k Q+dZ iM+rk gS fd og dgka jgsa] jke rks lkFk gSaA vc rd egyksa esa jgh FkhA vc taxy ds 'kkUr]eksgd okrkoj.k esa unh] igkM+ ds chp jgsaxhA jke dk Lusg mldk gksxkA lhrk dk LoHkko gh dqN ,slk FkkA tc mlus eu dh ckr jke dks crkbZ rks jke us mldk et+kd mM+k;k ßrqe rks bl /kjrh dh iq=kh gks] ;g iwjh /kjrh rqEgkjk ?kj gSAÞ

tc tc dksbZ lhrk dks /kjrh dh iq=kh dgrk lhrk dks vfgY;k dh ;kn gks vkrhA taxy dk thou cgqr dqN fl[kkus okyk FkkA ,d fnu tc jke vkSj y{e.k ,d eqfu dh dqfV;k esa 'kL=k fo|k ij ppkZ dj jgs Fks rc lhrk ikl ds >jus ij Vgyus pyh xbZA

>jus dh lqanjrk vykSfdd FkhA lhrk lEeksfgr lh mls ns[krh jg xbZA rHkh ,d vkokt+ lqukbZ nh] ßrqe dkSu gks\Þ

lhrk us eqM+ dj ns[kk rks tM+or~ ns[krh jg xbZA lkeus ,d lqUnj vkSjr [kM+h FkhA eq[k ij vikj rstA gkFk tksM+ dj lhrk us tokc fn;k] ßJh jkepanz dh iRuh lhrkAÞ ßvkSj vki\Þ ßeq>s vfgY;k dgrs gSaAÞ

ßvfgY;k] vki vfgY;k gSa\Þ lhrk dk fny t+ksj ls /kM+d jgk FkkA

rqe esjs ckjs esa tkurh gks] ,slh eqLdqjkgV ekuks pesyh ds Qwy fc[kj x, gksaA

ßeSaus lquk gSA ekrk dkS'kY;k us iwjk fdLlk crk;k FkkA lc dqN fdruk vU;k;iw.kZ FkkAÞ

ßvU;k;iw.kZÞ & vfgY;k gSjku FkhA

ßvki ij ,sls iki dk bYt+ke Fkk tks vkius fd;k gh ughAÞ

ß;g rks cgqr lh vkSjrksa dh dgkuh gSAÞa

ßij vki ugha tkurh Fkha fd og vkids ifr ugha gSaAÞ

ßloky ;g ugha fd eSa tkurh Fkh ;k ughaA D;k rqe tkurh gks] D;k dksbZ Hkh tkurk gS\Þ

lhrk vokd~ Fkh] ßij vki okdbZ ugha tkurh Fkha] ;gh lp gSAÞ

ßbl loky dk dksbZ eryc ughaA lcdk viuk lp gksrk gSA dkSu r; djrk gS fd D;k lp gS D;k >wB\Þ

lhrk dks dqN le> ugha vk;kA

vfgY;k dks ml ij rjl vk;k] ßirk ugha rqEgsa ;g okd;k dSls crk;k x;k


ßesjh rjg cksyus okyh vkSjr dks cnkZ'r djuk eqf'dy gksrk gSA vxj eSa viuh xyrh eku ywa rks eq>s i'pkrki dk ekSdk feysxk] eq> ij n;k dh tk,xhA ij vxj dgwa fd esjh ijh{kk ysus dk gd+ mUgsa fdlus fn;k rks os ugha le>saxsAÞ

ßD;k _f"k xkSre dks Hkh bldk vf/kdkj ughaAÞ

ßlekt us mUgsa ;g vf/kdkj fn;k gS ij eSaus ughaA tc rd eSa u pkgwa fdlh dk eq> ij gd+ ughaAÞ

ßij mUgksaus vkidks R;kx fn;kA vki ,d iRFkj dh rjg taxy esa iM+h gSaAÞ

ßugha] mUgksaus eq>s [kks fn;k gSA vkSj eSaus lh[ks gSa taxy esa jgdj bl nqfu;k dks pykus okys fu;e&d+kuwuA lp dHkh fLFkj ugha jgrkA og cnyrk jgrk gS] eSaus ;gh tkuk gSAÞ

ßlp vpy gS] tSls jke dk esjs izfr lPpk izseA bl lp ds vkxs rqEgkjk lc Kku csdkj gSAÞ

vfgY;k us lhrk dks vk'khZokn fn;k] ßdHkh Hkh ijh{kk ds fy, rS;kj er gksukA lÙkk ds vkxs flj er >qdkukAÞ

lhrk tYnh tYnh jke ds ikl ykSVuk pkgrh FkhA lhrk ds psgj ij fpark dh js[kk ns[k jke us iwNk fd mls D;k gqvkA

ßeSa vfgY;k ls feyh FkhA og u tkus lp >wB dh D;k ckrsa dgs tk jgh FkhaA dgrh Fkha lp fLFkj ugha jgrk] lalkj esa dqN lp ugha gSAÞ

jke pqipki lqurs jgsA lhrk ckr djuk pkgrh Fkh ij jke bl fdLls dks ;gha [k+Re djuk pkgrs FksA

gSA banz us esjk bLrseky fd;kA os"k cnydj eq>s NykA D;k eSa tku ikbZ fd og esjk ifr ugha gSA bl loky us eq>s ijs'kku fd;k\ ij esjs ifr dks dksbZ Q+dZ+ ugha le> vk;kA fdlh vkSj ds gkFk us eq>s Nqvk & eSa vifo=k Fkh & Åaph tkfr ds enksZa }kjk cuk, ekun.M] ftlesa lp&>wB ds fy, dksbZ txg ugha gSAÞ

D;k lhrk ;g lc le>sxh\ vfgY;k dks lhrk ls gennhZ D;ksa gks jgh Fkh] og mls D;ksa le>k jgh Fkh\

ßrqe bl taxy esa D;ksa vkbZ] lhrkAÞ

ßeSa jke dks dSls NksM+rhA og nwljs iq#"kksa tSls ugha gSaA esjs fcuk ,d iy ugha jg ldrsAÞ

ßlc iq#"k ,d tSls gksrs gSaAÞ

ßesjs ifr ,sls ugha gSaA os lp vkSj >wB dh tkap djrs gSaAÞ

ßtkap djrs gSa] D;k ;g vfo'okl djuk ugha gS\Þ lhrk dks dlelkgV gks jgh FkhA vkf[+kj ;g vkSjr D;k dg jgh gSA vius ckjs esa lp D;ksa ugha dgrhA

ßrks D;k vki eq>s lp ugha dgsaxhÞ] lhrk us iwNkA

ßtks rqEgsa eu dh 'kkafr ns mls gh lp eku yksÞ vfgY;k dh eqLdqjkgV ls lhrk ihyh iM+ xbZA

'kk;n jke lp dg jgs Fks] ;g 'kk;n ,d ifrrk L=kh gh gSA


ßbl rjg dh ckrksa dks lkQ+ fny ds] lh/ks&lk/ks yksx ugha le>rsA rqe pqipki lks tkvks\Þ

ij lhrk ds dkuksa esa vfgY;k ds 'kCn xwatjgs FksA

f

lhrk dh [kq'kh dk fBdkuk ugha FkkA jko.k dk lagkj gks pqdk FkkA og yadk NksM+dj jke ds lkFk okil tkus dks vkrqj FkhA y{e.k dks viuh vksj vkrk ns[kdj lhrk dh vka[kksa ls vkalw cg fudysA ij y{e.k lhrk ls ut+j ugha feyk ik jgk FkkA mlds psgjs ij fo"kkn FkkA

ßdSls gks y{e.k\ D;k ckr gS\ rqEgkjs HkkbZ Bhd gSa\ fQj rqe brus mnkl D;ksa yx jgs gks\ pyks ge v;ks/;k okil pysaA eSa rqEgkjs HkS;k ls feyus dks cSpsu gwaAÞ

ßij eq>s vkidks dqN crkuk gS & HkS;k pkgrs gSa fd vki viuh ifo=krk lkfcr djus ds fy, vfXuijh{kk nsaAÞ

y{e.k dh ckr lqu lhrk /kjrh ij fxj xbZA ßugha] jke dks vki ij dksbZ lansg ugha gSA ij vxj vki ijh{kk nsaxh rks dy vki ij dksbZ maxyh ugha mBk ik,xkA lc vkidk ;'k xku djsaxsA vkidks c;ku ugha dj ldrk fd HkS;k dh D;k gkyr gS & og etcwj gSaA cl vki gh mUgsa rlYyh ns ldrh gSaAÞ

lhrk dh vka[kksa ds lkeus vfgY;k dk psgjk dkSa/k x;kA lc iq#"k ,d tSls gSa] vfo'oklhA D;k vfgY;k tkurh Fkh esjs lkFk ,slk gksxkA jke us esjk lkFk D;ksa NksM+ fn;kA

ij fQj lhrk us [kqn dks le>k;kA lalkj ds fu;e] dkuwu ds lkeus jke etcwj gSaA og eq> ls izse djrs gSaA ij lekt dks rlYyh Hkh rks nsuh gSA eq>s jke dks fgEer nsuh gS] mudh enn flQZ+ eSa dj ldrh gwaA

ij tks vfgY;k us dgk Fkk mldk D;k\ lrhRo] ifo=krk--- ugha] vfgY;k jke nwljs iq#"kksa lsvyx gSaA esjs fy, ;gh lp gS---- vkSj fQj rqeus gh rks dgk Fkk] D;k lp D;k >wB bldk QS+lyk djus dk gd+ fdldk gS\ rqeus eq>ls ;g lc D;ksa dgk vfgY;kA vkt eSa dqN dqN le> ikbZ gwaA eq>s QS+lyk ysus esa dkSu enndjsxk vfgY;k\

ij ;g lc ckn dh ckr gSA igys eq>s jke dksfeyuk gSA pyks y{e.k rqEgkjs HkkbZ ds iklA ;g D;k ijh{kk gS eSa ns[krh gwaA y{e.k vokd~ jg x;kA mlds dkuksa esa ,d vkokt+ xwath] ;g lpeqp /kjrh dh iq=kh gSA

v;ks/;k igqap dj Hkh lhrk vfgY;k dks ugha HkwyhA egy esa ikao j[krs gq, mlds eu esa ,d lansg ?kj dj x;k FkkA

ßesjh cgw lrh gSÞ dkS'kY;k dh ckr lqu lhrk ds eu esa xkaB iM+ xbZA D;k eka ;g blfy, dg jgh gSa D;ksafd eSa vfXu ijh{kk ls xqt+j xbZ gwaA vfgY;k us dgk Fkk] tks rqEgkjk eu ekus og lp gSA

ij bu lokyksa ds dksbZ tokc ugha gSA fdlls ckr djsA jke rks ,sls dj jgs Fks tSls dqN gqvk


gh ughaA ij vfgY;k dSls tkurh Fkh ;g lc\ mlus dgk Fkk fdlh ijh{kk ds fy, jkth er gksukA ij eSa rks jkth gks xbZ FkhA D;k vfgY;k le> ik,xh fd eSaus ;g lc jke dh [k+kfrj fd;k Fkk\ og prqj Fkh] t:j le>saxhA lhrk ds eu esa vfgY;k ls nksckjk feyus dh bPNk t+ksj ekj jgh FkhA og fdlh ls ckr ugha dj ldrh FkhaA iwjk egy lhrk ds xHkkZoLFkk dh [kq'kh ls ljksckj FkkA ij lhrk bl lc ls vufHkK] vueuh lh vfgY;k ds fy, csrkc FkhA

fQj ,d fnu lhrk us jke ls dgk & ßesjs fny esa taxy ds igkM+] >jus] ufn;ksa dh ;kn gSA eSa og lc nksckjk ns[kuk pkgrh gwaAÞ

ß;g dksbZ eqf'dy dke rks ugha gS] ge taxy tk,axsAÞ lhrk dks ,d vutkus Mj us ?ksj fy;kA mls le> ugha vk jgk Fkk fd og vfgY;k

ls D;ksa feyuk pkgrh gSA mlls feyus ds ckn rks esjh cSpsuh vkSj T+;knk c<+ tk,xhA ij vc vius O;fDrxr vuqHko ds ckn vfgY;k ds izfr lhrk dks ,d yxko lk eglwl gks jgk FkkA

vfgY;k ds 'kCnksa dh xgjkbZ tkus cxSj lhrk dks pSu ugha vk jgk FkkA vfgY;k gh mls jkgr fnyk ldrh FkhA og fdlh u fdlh rjg vfgY;k ls feysxh t+:jA taxy igqapdj lc dqN Bhd gks tk,xkA og jke dks ,d csVk nsxhA csVs ds tUe ds ckn jke vkSj mlds chp dh nwjh iV tk,xhA

fQj lhrk us tkuk fd jke mlds lkFk taxy ugha tk jgsA ij tSls og jFk esa cSB jgh Fkh

y{e.k dk --- nq[kh psgjk ns[k lhrk dks 'kadk gqbZA y{e.k jFk ysdj py iM+kA lhrk us >jus dh rjQ tkus dk b'kkjk fd;kA ,d Hkkjh [k+keks'kh y{e.k dks ?ksjs FkhA ij lhrk vfgY;k ls feyus dks vkrqj FkhA ?kuk taxy 'kq: gksrs gh y{e.k us jFk jksd fn;kA

f

okYehdh us taxyokfl;ksa dks lhrk dk [k+kl [;ky j[kus dks dgk FkkA lhrk dk xHkZ c<+ jgk Fkk vkSj mUgsa lhrk ls fo'ks"k Lusg FkkA

ßvxj rqEgkjh dksbZ bPNk gks rks eq>s csfgpd crkukÞ mUgksaus dgkA

ßeSa vfgY;k ls feyuk pkgrh gwaAÞ

okfYedh ,d iy ds fy, #dsA fQj cksys ßBhd gSA bl oDr rqEgsa tks jkgr pkfg, og flQ+Z vfgY;k gh ns ldrh gSaAÞ

dqN fnuks a ckn vfgY;k vkbZA lhrk us viuk flj vfgY;k dh xksn esa j[kk vkSj lqcdrh jghA

ß'kkUr gks tkvks cgu] bruk jksuk vPNk ughaAÞ

ßjko.k dh ekSr ds ckn ls esjk fny cgqr Hkkjh gks jgk gSA vki ls feydj fQj th mBh gwaAÞ lhrk us dgk

ßvc eSa lp vkSj >wB dks le> ikbZ gwaAÞ

ßvuqHko ls cM+h dksbZ lh[k ugha gksrhAÞ

ßij eSaus rks jke dh [k+kfrj vfXu ijh{kk nhA D;k ;g lp eq>s ges'kk dpksVrk jgsxk\Þ


ß;g tc rd dpksVrk jgsxk tc rd rqe vius fy, QS+lys ugha ysrhaA rqEgkjk deZ flQ+Z jke dh lsok] mUgsa [k+q'k j[kuk ugha gSA rqeus viuh fgEer] viuk ot+wn fdlh nwljs ds gkFk lkSai fn;k gSA vius fy, dqN Hkh ugha NksM+k] lhrkAÞ

ßeSa dkSu gwa] bu ckrksa dk D;k eryc gS\Þ

ßrqe] rqe gks lhrkA flQZ+ jke dh iRuh ughaA rqe mlls dgha T+;knk gksA vkSjrksa dks ;g vglkl ugha djk;k tkrk fd og bl l`f"V dk vfHkUu vax gSaA mUgsa ej&feVuk] ns[kHkky djuk gh fl[kk;k tkrk gSA [kqn dks tkuks] igpkuks lhrkA rqeus jke dh j{kk dh gSA vc viuh lqj{kk djks] ;g rqEgkjs vkRe&cks/k dk fgLlk gSA [kq'k jgks] dksf'k'k djksA jke rqEgkjs thou dh /kqjh ugha gSaA vius thou ds ed+ln [kkstksA ;g vklku ugha gksxkA ij ukeqefdu Hkh ugha gSA rqe tYnh gh eka cuksxhA vius cPpksa dks ikyks ikslks ij fcuk bPNk Fkksis vkSj mEehn yxk,AÞ

lhrk cgqr /;ku ls vfgY;k dh ckrsa lqurh jghA mldh vka[ksa [kq'kh vkSj Lusg ls Nydus yxhaA eu 'kkUr FkkA lhrk vkSj vfgY;k xys feyhaA

ßlhrk] D;k rqe esjh dgkuh dk lp tkuuk pkgksxhÞ vpkud vfgY;k us iwNkA

ßugha cgu] blls dksbZ Q+dZ+ ugha iM+rkA bl ckr dk dksbZ vFkZ ugha gSAÞ

f

jke nq[kh FksA ikl esa nksuksa cPps gksus ds ckot+wn mnklh de ugha gks jgh FkhA ij lhrk dh

vka[ksa likV FkhaA fiNys ckjg lkyksa esa lhrk ds psgjs dk rst cjdjkj FkkA tSls gh lhrk tkus ds fy, mBha] jke us mls jksdus dk vafre iz;kl fd;kA

ßD;k rqEgkjs cPpksa dk Lusg Hkh rqEgsa #dus dh btkt+r ugha nsrk] lhrkAÞ jke dks mEehn Fkh lhrk bl vkxzg dks Vky ugha ik,xhA

ß;g flQZ+ esjs gh cPps ugha gSa] jkeA vkidk fo'okl gS fd vki vkSj cPps v;ks/;k vkSj vkids oa'k dk vax gSaA ij eSa tkurh gwa fd ;g bl l`f"V dk fgLlk gSaA vki viuk fo'okl latks dj j[k ldrs gSaAÞ

ßrqEgkjk D;k gksxk] lhrk--- fcuk ifr ds] fcuk larku ds---AÞ

ßeSa bl /kjrh dh csVh gwa] jkeA eSa tku xbZ gwa fd esjh vlyh igpku D;k gSA iwjh l`f"V esjh gSA ,slk dqN ugha gS tks esjs ikl u gksA eSa bl /kjrh dk fgLlk gwaAÞ

jke fu#Ùkj gks x,A og [kqn dks laHkkyus dh dksf'k'k dj jgs FksA vkt igyh ckj gkj dk lkeuk dj jgs FksA rlYyh nsus ds fy, lhrk Hkh lkFk ugha FkhA vkSj vkt igyh ckj lhrk us vius vanj dh 'kfDr vkSj fgEer dks igpkuk FkkA ¦

lkHkkj % n fyfVy eSxt+hu] okWY;we 7 b'kq 1&2

vuqokn % tqgh tSu


^xt+y* & csxe v[+rjh ckbZ QST+kkcknhtqgh tSu

'kke&,&x+e dqN ml fuxkg&,&ukt+ dh ckrsa djkscs[+kqnh c<+rh pyrh gS jkt+ dh ckrsa djks

js[kkfp=

csxe v[+rj

vizSy&flrEcj

csxe v[+rj

dydÙkk ds fFk;sVj esa rkfy;ksa dh xM+xM+kgV ds fFk;sVj esa rkfy;ksa dh xM+xM+kgV dydÙkk ds fFk;sVj esa rkfy;ksa dh xM+xM+kgV dydÙkk[k+Re gksus dk uke gh ugha ys jgha FkhA [k+Re gksus dk uke gh ugha ys jgha FkhA n'kZdksa esa Hkkjr dksfdyk, ljkstuh uk;Mw n'kZdksa esa Hkkjr dksfdyk, ljkstuh uk;Mw us chl o"kZ dh ml yM+dh ds gkFk pwe us chl o"kZ dh ml yM+dh ds gkFk pwe fy,A ;g Fkh v[+rjh ckbZ QSt+kcknh mQZ+ fy,A ;g Fkh v[+rjh ckbZ QSt+kcknh mQZ+ csxe v[+rj ds uk;kc xk;dh ds nkSj csxe v[+rj ds uk;kc xk;dh ds nkSj dh 'kq:vkrA

7 vDrwcj 1914 dks tUeh csxe 7 vDrwcj 1914 dks tUeh csxe v[+rj vius nkSj dh vt+he v[+rj vius nkSj dh vt+he 'kf[+l;r FkhaA ,d rok;Q+h 'kf[+l;r FkhaA ,d rok;Q+h jok;kr ls rkYyqd j[kus okyh jok;kr ls rkYyqd j[kus okyh csxe v[+rj] ftUgsa eqgCcr csxe v[+rj] ftUgsa eqgCcr ds muds 'kkfxZn vkSj pkgus ds muds 'kkfxZn vkSj pkgus okys vEeh* dgrs Fks] xk;dh okys vEeh* dgrs Fks] xk;dh ds Q+yd dk oks flrkjk Fkha ds Q+yd dk oks flrkjk Fkha ftuds ckjs esa pan lQ+ksa esa ftuds ckjs esa pan lQ+ksa esa c;ku djuk ukeqefdu gSA c;ku djuk ukeqefdu gSA fgUnqLrkuh 'kkL=kh; laxhr fgUnqLrkuh 'kkL=kh; laxhr dh ckjhfd;ksa ls ljkcksj dh ckjhfd;ksa ls ljkcksj

csxe v[+rj Bqejh] [k+;ky vkSj xt+y xk;dh csxe v[+rj Bqejh] [k+;ky vkSj xt+y xk;dh dh 'kSyh dh Q+udkjk FkhaA

Bqejh mi'kkL=kh; laxhr dh ,slh ijEijk gS Bqejh mi'kkL=kh; laxhr dh ,slh ijEijk gS ftlesa lqjksa ds [k+jsiu ls T+;knk tT+ckrksa vkSj ftlesa lqjksa ds [k+jsiu ls T+;knk tT+ckrksa vkSj gko&Hkko ij roTtks nh tkrh gSA csxe v[+rjgko&Hkko ij roTtks nh tkrh gSA csxe v[+rjus bl xk;u 'kSyh dks lh[kk vkSj fQj blsus bl xk;u 'kSyh dks lh[kk vkSj fQj blsviuh [kqn dh jokuh esa <kydj ekndrk vkSj viuh [kqn dh jokuh esa <kydj ekndrk vkSj

csgrjhu vnk;xh dk laxe nqfu;k dscsgrjhu vnk;xh dk laxe nqfu;k dslkeus is'k fd;kA muds laxhr us lkeus is'k fd;kA muds laxhr us laxhr'kkfL=k;ksa ds fy, dqN ,sls iSekus laxhr'kkfL=k;ksa ds fy, dqN ,sls iSekus r; fd, ftldh felky vkt Hkhr; fd, ftldh felky vkt Hkh

nh tkrh gSAnh tkrh gSA

csxe v[+rj dh okfynk csxe v[+rj dh okfynk eq'rjh csxe ,d xkf;dk eq'rjh csxe ,d xkf;dk FkhaA t+kfgj lh ckr gS FkhaA t+kfgj lh ckr gS fd og pkgrh Fkha fd fd og pkgrh Fkha fd mudh viuh csVh mUgha mudh viuh csVh mUgha ds infpUgksa ij pysA ij ds infpUgksa ij pysA ij v[+rjh ckbZ dks laxhr v[+rjh ckbZ dks laxhr fo|k lh[kus esa dksbZ [k+kl fo|k lh[kus esa dksbZ [k+kl

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ghjkuan] 2

005


fnypLih ugha FkhA vkfFkZd raxh ds pyrs ifjokj dke dh ryk'k esa ,d 'kgj ls nwljs 'kgj HkVdrk jgrk FkkA

csxe v[+rj ds okfyn lS;n vlxj gqlSu lkfgc ,d cM+s bT+t+rnkj [k+kunku ls rkYyqd j[krs FksA tSlk fd mu fnuksa pyu Fkk] jbZl iq#"k viuh [+okfg'kksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, vusd vkSjrksa ls fudkg dj ysrs FksA eq'rjh csxe gqlSu lkgc dh nwljh iRuh FkhaA gqlSu lkgc ,d ukephu tt Fks vkSj viuh choh&cPps ls dksbZ laca/k ugha j[krs FksA firk dh bl cs#[kh us csxe v[+rj ds t+sgu esa mPp dqyhu lekt esa bT+t+r ikus dh ykylk dks tquwu esa rCnhy dj fn;k FkkA gkykafd dydÙkk] jkeiqj tSls 'kgjksa esa csxe v[+rj ds uke dk Madk ctrk Fkk fQj Hkh muds fny esa y[kuÅ 'kgj esa igpku vkSj Åapkb;ka ikus dh pkgr mQ+u jgh FkhA y[kuÅ muds firk dk 'kgj Fkk tgka ls muds iSnk gksus ls igys mudh eka dks ifjokj okyksa us 'kgj NksM+us ij etcwj dj fn;k FkkA bl okd;s us muds eu esa ,d xgjk HkkoukRed [kkyhiu Hkj fn;kA cpiu dh mUgha ukbalkfQ+;ksa dks balkQ+ esa rCnhy djus ds fy, og y[kuÅ esa viuk eqdke cukuk pkgrh FkhaA mUgksaus vius firk dh rjg gh Åaps [kkunku esa iys&c<+s vCcklh lkgc ls fudkg dj fy;kA os ,d >Vds esa gh rok;Q+ksa vkSj is'ksoj efgykvksa dh igpku NksM+dj csxe vCcklh ds jbZl mPp oxZ fdjnkj esa <y xbZaA y[kuÅ ds cM+s&cM+s yksxksa ds chp mBus&cSBus ds rkSj&rjhds+ b[+r;kjdjus esa csxe v[+rj th tku ls tqV xbZaA gkykafd os i<+h fy[kh ugha

Fkha fQj Hkh lkaLÑfrd ifjos'k vkSj ut+kdr dh >yd muds O;fDrRo dks ,d fu[kkj nsrh FkhA

bT+t+rnkj ft+anxh ds fy, la?k"kZ muds thou dk lcc FkkA ,d jbZl [k+kunku vkSj ukeh O;fDr dh choh gksus ds ckotwn csxe v[+rj dh eqjkn iwjh ugha gqbZA mudh ft+anxh ds ,sls cgqr ls fdLls lquus dks feyrs gSa tgka yksxksa us mudh csbT+t+rh dj nhA ;gka rd fd ,d rcyk uokt+ us muds fy, y[kuÅ jsfM;ks dk;ZØe esa rcyk ctkus ls ;g dgdj badkj dj fn;k fd og ,d rok;Q+ ds fy, ctkuk viuh rkSghu le>rs gSaA

y[kuÅ dh uokch laLÑfr esa ,d rok;Q+ dks lekt esa ,d bT+t+r dk ntkZ fn;k tkrk FkkA mls ,d mPpdksfV dh Q+udkj ekurs gq, lcls mEnk ijEijkvksa dks lgst dj laHkkyus dh ft+Eesnkjh fuHkkuh gksrh FkhA ,d rok;Q+ vius gquj vkSj xk;dh dks rjk'kus ds fy, f'kír ls fj;kt+ vkSj lk/kuk djrh FkhaA ,d csgrjhu dykdkj ds ikl laxhr lh[kus ds fy, vPNs ?kj ds cPps Hksts tkrs FksA bl Q+u esa ekfgj eq'rjh csxe vkSj fQj blh fojklr dks ijoku p<+kus okyh csxe v[+rj viuh fut+h egfQ+yksa esa mPpre dksfV dk laxhr is'k djrh FkhaA

ij vaxzsth gqdwer us bl jok;r dks cny fn;kA jkrksa jkr esa rok;Q+ksa dks vke os';kvksa dhut+j ls ns[kk tkus yxkA mudh dyk dks ,d fupys ntsZ dk O;olk; ekudj vaxzst+ksa us

bl ijEijk ds iru esa dksbZ dljugha NksM+hA


bruk lc dqN gksus ds ckn Hkh csxe v[+rj us dHkh Hkh viuh igpku dks Nqikus dh dksf'k'k ugha dhA mudk ekuuk Fkk fd ßge vius tUe dh lPpkbZ ugha cny ldrs blfy, gesa mls [k+qnk dh et+hZ vkSj fuer ekudj dqcwy djuk pkfg,AÞ

csxe v[+rj dk ijoj fnxkj ds lkFk ,d csgn [kwclwjr fj'rk FkkA os dgk djrh Fkha ßvius vki ls bZekunkj jgks vkSj vki fny ikd+ j[kksA ;g ikdht+xh vkidh vkokt+ esa lkst+ iSnk djsxhAÞ

mudk ekuuk Fkk fd [kqnk ds lkFk mudh ,d [+kkl futh le> gSA dqN fnuksa yxkrkj og cM+h ghoQknkjh ls jkst+ dqjku 'kjhQ+ i<+rh FkhaA lj

ij pknj j[kdj ikap oDr dh uekt+ Hkh vnk djrhaA vkSj fQj ,d fnu dqjku 'kjhQ+ dks ,d vksj ljdk nsrhaA dksbZ iwNrk rks dgrha ßgekjh yM+kbZ gS vYykg fe;ka ls] ge muls ckr ugha djsaxsAÞ vkSj rks vkSj vYykg dks fp<+kus dh ea'kk ls os mu fnuksa 'kjkc ihrha vkSj dgrha ßgekjk rks ,slk gh fj'rk gS vYykg fe;ka ls] tc th pkgsxk rc d#axh] tc ugha pkgsxk rks ugha d#axhA xqukgxkj rks gwa ghAÞ

muds jkst+s j[kus dk vankt+ Hkh csgn vuks[kk FkkA og jet+ku esa vkB&nl fnu ls T+;knk jkst+s dh ikcanh ugha mBk ikrh FkhaA tSls rSls lkjk fnu dV tkrk vkSj 'kke ds lk<+s N% ctrs gh og vt+ku dh vkokt+ ds lkFk [kM+s&[kM+s gh tYnh ls uekt+ i<+ MkyrhA fQj QVkQV pk; ihdj ,d flxjsV ds d'k ysrhaA FkksM+h nsj rd bRehuku ls flxjsV ih ysus ds ckn og nksckjk iwjs d+k;ns ds lkFk uekt+ i<+rha vkSj bQ~rkjh dk et+k ysrhaA rks ;gh Fkk mudk vYykg fe;ka ds lkFk vthcksxjhc fj'rkA

csxe v[+rj viuh nfj;kfnyh] lkSE;rk vkSj viuh eueksfguh 'kf[+l;r ds fy, tkuh tkrh FkhaA vius ifjokj] f'k";ksa vkSj vius nksLrksa ds fy, og ges'kk ennxkj jghaA muds ckjs esa ;g ckr tx t+kfgj Fkh fd os laxhr dh rkyhe ds fy, dHkh Hkh iSlk ugha ysrh FkhaA og ekurh Fkha fd ;g ,d lk/kuk gS tks mlh dks gkfly gksxh ftlds vanj bls gkfly djus dh dksf'k'k gksxhA ßgj dwt+k fuerÞ ;kfu gj feV~Vh ds crZu esa vueksy [kt+kus dks j[kk tk ldrk gS Bhd mlh rjg gj f'k"; esa dqN [k+kl gksrk gS vkSj blfy,

v[+rjh ckbZ QS+tkcknh

QksVks % n

LVkWjh v

kQ+ e

kbZ v

Eeh % 'kkafr

ghjkuan

] 20

05


xq# dks pkfg, fd og fny [kksydj rkyhe nsA vius gquj vkSj viuh dyk ds izfr ;gh oQ+knkjh csxe v[+rj dh xk;dh esa >ydrh gSA

csxe v[+rj us viuh laxhr f'k{kk lkjaxh mLrkn benkn [k+ku lkgc dh ns[kjs[k esa 'kq: dh FkhA ij csxe lkfgck bl f'k{kk ds izfr lathnk ugha FkhA fygkt+k mUgsa [kku vrk eqgEen [kku tks fd ifV;kyk ?kjkus ls laca/k j[krs Fks ds ikl lh[kus Hkstk x;kA vrk [kku lkgc us gh v[+rjh ckbZ QSt+kcknh dks laxhr dh xk;u 'kSyh esa ifV;kyk ?kjkus dh ßgjdrÞ o ßeqfdZ;kaÞ blh ijEijk dh nsu gSaA

csxe v[+rj ds vius vYQ+kt+ksa esa ßlcls igys [kku lkgc us eq>s [k+;ky xk;dh ds ewy lqjksa ls ifjfpr djk;kA ^[kjt* ;k ^lk* ds uhps lqjksa dk fj;kt+ djk;kA os eq>s dgrs] viuh vkRek esa laxhr dks jpk yksA ij eq>s blesa et+kdgka vkrk FkA fQj ,d fnu eSaus ,d Q+dhjudks jkx f'kojatuh esa ,d csgn nnZ Hkjh cafn'k ß>kad >jks[ks ls vks egyksa okysÞ xkrs lqukA vkSj eSaus tkuk dh nnZ esa Mwc dj xkuk D;k gksrk gSAÞ

[kku lkgc us Hkh igpku fy;k fd v[+rjh ckbZ ds fetkt+ dks Bqejh] nknjk vkSj xt+y xk;dh ds laosnu'khy vkSj Hkkoukvksa esa ljkcksj uxes jkl vkrs gSaA Bqejh 'kSyh dk mn; y[kuÅ ds uokcksa dh nsu gSA mu fnuksa nks rjg dh Bqejh e'kgwj Fkh & cukjl dh iqjfc;k vax o iatkc vax BqejhA csxe v[+rj us y[kuÅ 'kSyh dh y[kuoh Bqejh dk

pyu 'kq: fd;kA bl 'kSyh esa cafn'kksa ds lkFk&lkFk 'kk;jh dks xwaFkk tkrk gSA csxe v[+rj dh mEnk 'ksjks&'kk;jh vkSj mnwZ Hkk"kk esa mudh lkQ+ t+cku muds ifr vCcklh lkgc dh nsu gSA

^cksy cukuk* Bqejh 'kSyh dk fo'ks"k vax gSA blesa Q+udkj cafn'k dks dqN [k+kl vkSj lkSE; vyQ+kt+ksa ls ltkrs gSaA blesa jkx yphys gksrs gSa rFkk muesa mrkj&p<+ko fd, tkrs gSaA dkQ+h] [ket] HkSjoh] ihyw] fryd dkeksn Bqejh ds dqN [kkl jkx gSaA pwafd Bqejh 'kSyh T+;knkrj efgyk vnkdkjkvksa }kjk viukbZ xbZ blfy, eqt+js okyh ckbZ;ksa us bl 'kSyh dks laokjk vkSj latksdj j[kkA xkSgj tku] cM+h eksrh ckbZ] jlwyu ckbZ dqN ,slh xkf;dk,a gSa ftUgksaus egfQ+yksa ds t+fj, blh 'kSyh dks vkxs c<+k;kA

csxe v[+rj us Bqejh dk ,d u;k :i viuk;kA 'kq#vkr esa mudh xk;dh esa iqjfc;k vkSj ifV;kyk ?kjkuksa ds lkFk mnwZ 'kk;jh dk laxe FkkA ckn esa fdjkuk ?kjkus ftlesa lqjksa ds [kjsiu ij t+ksjfn;k tkrk Fkk mudh igpku cukA og ,d [+kkl vankt+ esa lqj is'k djrh FkhaA mudhxk;u 'kSyh esa yksd laxhr jok;rksa dh Nki Hkh mHkjdj vkrh gSA gkykafd og fdjkuk

vkSj ifV;kyk ?kjkus esa ikjaxr Fkha] ij bl yksd 'kSyh esa og

viuk fny [kksydj xkrh FkhaA gj cafn'k esa og ukf;dk jk/kk dk

fdjnkj vks<+dj Ñ".k ds fcjg dk nnZ xhr esa ?kksy nsrh FkhaA [+kkfyl mnwZ dh dfork

vkSj lksyg ek=kk okyh nhipanh rky ,d lek cka/k nsrk FkkA


csxe v[+rj dh vnk;xh esa ,d v'kq) mrkj&p<+ko Fkk tks n'kZdksa dks cgqr fj>krk FkkA mudk laxhr nnZ esa Hkhxk vkSj feBkl ls ljkcksj FkkA ,d fo'ks"k fcUnq ij mudh vkokt+ pV[k tkrh Fkh ij ;gha og iy Fkk ftldk bart+kj lquus okys djrs jgrs FksA vius 'kq#vkrh lqjksa dks og iwjh oQ+knkjh ls fuHkkrh FkhaA og ^feljs* ls 'kq: djds] iwjk lqj xkdj okil uhps bl [kwclwjrh ls vkrh Fkha fd ekywe gksrk Fkk tSls lqjksa dk ,d xqynLrk gS tks djhus ls ltk gSA og ges'kk dgk djrh Fkha ßlaxhr ,slk gksuk pkfg, tSls dSuol ij jax tks ,d js[kk ds Hkhrj lek, jgrs gSaA lqj ,d dkYifud js[kk ds Hkhrj l/ks jgus pkfg,AÞ ;gh vfHkO;fDr csxe v[+rj ds laxhr dh lknxh vkSj tku FkhA

[k+;ky xk;u 'kSyh esa izf'k{k.k ikus ds ckotwn mudh jkxnkjh iDdh ugha FkhA ij tgka lkSE;rk vkSj ut+kdr dh ckr gksrh mudh Hkko iznku vnkdkjh dk dksbZ lkuh ugha FkkA mudh dqN xt+yksa dh vnk;xh tSls ßnhokuk cukuk gS rks] nhokuk cuk nsÞ] ßmu vka[kksa dk vkye xqykch&xqykchÞ] ßeSa rks rksjs nkeuok yxh egkjktÞ] ßfdldk [;ky dkSu lh eaft+y ut+j esa gS] lfn;ka xqt+j xbZ fd t+ekuk lQ+j esa gSÞ vkt Hkh yksxksa dks mudh ;kn djkrh gSA

csxe v[+rj dh xk;dh dh ,d [k+kl ckr ;g Hkh Fkh fd og flQ+Z rcyk] gkjeksfu;e vkSj lkjaxh dh laxr j[krh FkhaA cgqr ckn esa mUgksaus ok;fyu dk bLrseky fd;kA tc mUgsa fdlh ls HkkoukRed yxko gks tkrk Fkk rks og mls viuh laxr esa 'kkfey dj ysrhaA

muds pepekrs ghjs mudh ^vnk;xh* dk foLrkj FkkA muds ;g ghjs mudh vnkvksa dh rjg n'kZdksa dks fj>kus dk dke djrs FksA dHkh&dHkh os ,d nks ykbuksa dk nknjk ysdj mls iwjs fnu xkrha--- vkSj chp esa [kq'kh vkSj x+e ds vkalw Hkh cgkrh tkrhaA mudh ,d f'k";k 'kkafr ghjkuan crkrh gSa ß,d fnu og ,d nknjk ßvcds lkou ?kj vktkÞ xkrs&xkrs vpkud QwV&QwV dj jksusyxhaA eSa le> ugha ikbZ fd D;k gqvkA fQj FkksM+h nsj esa mUgksaus vkalw iksaNs vkSj cksyha] rqe bu ckrksa dks le>us ds fy, vHkh NksVh gksAÞ mudh ,d nwljh 'kkfxZn crkrh gS] ßdHkh dHkh eSa muds ?kj vkrh rks og gkFk esa >kM+w ygjkrha fpfM+;kvksa dks Hkxk jgh gksrha FkhaA dgrh vjs ;g dec[r fpfM+;k tkrh Hkh ughaA eq>s fj;kt+ ugha djus nsrhaAÞ

csxe v[+rj us vius thou esa cM+s mrkj&p<+ko ns[ks] ij fQj Hkh cM+h ft+ankfnyh ls viuk thou fuHkk;kA vQ+lksl blh ckr dk gS fd vius ihNs og viuk dksbZ ,slk okfjl ugha NksM+ xbZa tks mudh laxhr fojklr dks vkxs c<+krkA

muds ukt+&u[kjs] [kwclwjr] uk;kc pht+ksa dks bdV~Bk djus dk 'kkSd] mudh mPN`a[ky galh] mudh 'kkSdhu fetkt+ rfc;r vkSj mudh csfelky xk;u 'kSyh vkt Hkh gekjh /kjksgj gSA vkt tc ge muds ckjs esa lksprs gSa rks gesa yxrk gS fd vkt ds nkSj ds <kapkxr laxhr dks og dHkh Hkh viuk ugha ikrhaA os bl lekt dh ikcafn;ksa esa ca/kus ds fy, ugha cuh FkhaA dgrh Fkha ßoks vlhj&,&nke&,&cyk ge esaÞ ;kfu eSa gkykrksa dh fxjQ~+r esa gwaA


csxe v[+rj us dHkh Hkh fdlh ls dksbZ ,glku ;k enn ugha ekaxhA u gh dHkh iSlksa ij gqTtr dhA muds lkFkh] nksLr] f'k"; lc muds bl LoHkko ds dk;y FksA

varr% csxe v[+rj laxhr esa thrh jgha vkSj blh esa Q+uk gks xbZaA vius ihNs NksM+ xbZa xt+y xk;dh dh ,slh uk;kc 'kSyh tks mudh igpku cuhA mudh xk;dh esa ,d lgtrk] ,d uQ+klr FkhA D;k xkuk gS] dSls xkuk gS] mudh vka[kksa esa ;g lans'k i<+k tk ldrk FkkA n'kZdksa dh QjekbZ'k ij dksbZ xt+y] dfork] 'ksj og bl ut+kdr vkSj vnk ls lqukrh Fkh fd lquus okys fny Fkkedj jg tkrs FksA

30 vDrwcj 1974] csxe v[+rj bl lalkj

ls #[k+lr gks xbZa vkSj ihNs NksM+ xbZa dyk]

laxhr vkSj csgrjhu xt+y xk;dh dh ,d

vueksy fojklrA mudh lgsyh 'khyh /kj

fy[krh gSa ßog ,d ,slk O;fDrRo Fkha tks

ekndrk vkSj tquwu dk ,slk vuks[kk laxe

Fkk ftldh udy ih<+h&nj&ih<+h vkSjrsa

vius thou esa mrkjus dh [+okfg'k j[krh gSaA

ge lc mUgsa vkt ;kn djrs gSa ,d [k+js]

ifjiw.kZ vkSj fta+nkfny thoar O;fDrRo ds

:i esa & ,slk O;fDrRo ftldh vkRek dks

ekSr Hkh fuxy ugha ldhAÞ

vkxkt+ rks gksrk gS---ekgtch a 1⁄4ehuk dqekjh1⁄2

dfork

vkxkt+ rks gksrk gSvatke ugha gksrktks esjh dgkuh esaoks uke ugha gksrk

tc tqYQ dh dkfy[k+ esaxqe tk, dksbZ jkghcnuke rks gksrk gSxqeuke ugha gksrk

g¡l g¡l ds toka fny dsD;ksa ge u pqusa VqdM+sgj 'k[l dh fd+Ler esabZuke ugha gksrk

fnu Mwcs gS ;k Mwchckjkr fy, d'rhlkfgy is exj dksbZdksgjke ugha gksrkQ

ksVks lkHkkj

% dker

QksVks ¶y

S'k]

,UlkbZDy

ksihfM

;k v

kWQ+ fgUnh fluse

k 20

03

¦¦

¦¦

eqgCcr djus okys de u gksaxs

rsjh egfQ+y esa ysfdu ge u gksaxrsjh egfQ+y esa ysfdu ge u gksaxsrsjh egfQ+y esa ysfdu ge u gksax


egkdkO;ksa esa ges'kk iq#"kksa dh ohj xkFkk,a jph xbZ gSaA dqN o"kZ igys dh xbZ ,d 'kks/k dsnkSjku eSaus ik;k fd vM+rhl ewy ckrsa ftuij egkdkO; jps x, gSa] muesa dsoy ukSa ,slh gSa ftudk vkSjrksa ls dksbZ ljksdkj gSA bu egkdkO;ksa esa vkSjrsa dksbZ cgknqjh dk dke rks dj ugha jgh gSaA ;k rks og vxok djh xbZa ;k cpkbZ xbZa] nkao ij yxha ;k fdlh vkSj rjhds+ ls

csbT+t+r dh xbZa & bl ij egkdkO; rks ugha fy[kk tk ldrk u\ rks D;k gksrk gS vxj vkSjrsa fdlh egkdkO; dks fy[kus cSB

tk,a\ blds cgqr fodYi feysaxs & os mls fdlh iq#"k dfo dh ut+jksa ls c;ku djsaxhA

mls vkSjr dh ut+jls lquk,axh tSlk

panzkcrh caxyk jkek;.k esa

djrh gSa- vkSj

rsyxq jkek;.k esa djrh gSaA ;k fQj vki viuh [kqn dh dgkuh lhrk dh t+ckuh ckaps tSlk fd xkao dh vkSjrsa lfn;ksa ls djrh pyh vkbZ gSaA

1989 esa eSusa panzkcrh jkek;.k i<+h] rc eSaus tkuk fd vkSjrksa dh jkek;.k ,d vyx gh dFkk dgrh gSA eSa vkSjrksa dh jkek;.k ls cgqr gh izsfjr gqbZ gwaA panzkcrh vkSj eksYyk nksckjk jkek;.k fy[kusokyh igyh vkSjrksa esa gSaA nksuksa jke dh mikld Fkha ij fQj Hkh nksckjk jkek;.k jphA panzkcrh us viuh jkek;.k esa lhrk dh ut+j ls dFkk dgh vkSj jke dh vkykspuk dhA eksYyk] ,d 'kwnz efgyk Fkh ftlus tkfr HksnHkko ds fojks/kesa jkek;.k jphA nksuksa gh vkSjrksa dks lekt dk dM+k fojks/k lguk iM+kA [kSj] vatke dks NksM+sa vkSj ckr djrs gSa caxyk] ejkBh] eSFkyh o rsyxq jkek;.k ds xhrksa vkSj muds ihNs vkSjrksa dh fNih lksp o Hkkoukvksa dhA

czkã.k lekt us jke dks vkn'kZ*] e;kZnk iq#"kksÙke* ds :Ik esa is'k fd;k x;k gSA lekt ds <kaps dks cjdjkj j[kus ds fy, lhrk dks Hkh ,d vkn'kZ ukjh dk :i fn;k x;k gSA gkykafd lhrk ds thoudks lq[kn rks ugha dgk tk ldrk fQj Hkh fir`lÙkk ds ewY;ksa dks cjdjkj j[kus ds fy,

jkek;.k dh dgkuh % vkSjrksa dh T+kqckuhucuhrk nsc lsu

ys[k

xzkeh.k bykdksa esa nhikoyh ds nkSjkunjokt+ksa vkSj pkS[kVksa ij ekaMs x, fp=k tSlk eksYyk


xzkeh.k bykdksa esa nhikoyh ds

nkSjku njoktksa vkSj pkS[kVksa ij

ekaMs x, fp=k

mls ^vkn'kZ* L=kh dk :Ik nsuk vko';d Fkk ftldks vk/kkj cukdj vkSjrksa dks pqipki vU;k; o HksnHkko lgus dh lh[k nh tk ldsA ij vxj fir`lÙkk us lhrk dk bLrseky vkSjr dks nckus ds fy, fd;k gS rks xkao dh vkSjrksa us Hkh lhrk ds uke dk bLrseky vius nq[k] ijs'kkuh vkSj fir`lÙkk dks pqukSrh nsus ds fy,fd;k gSA vkSjrksa dh jkek;.k esa jke ,d dBksj det+ksj ifr gSA vkSjrsa mUgsa ^ikfi"Bh*] ;k fQj lh/kk ^jke rqEgkjh cqf) dk uk'k gks x;k gS*] dgus ls ugha fgpfdpkrhA bu xzaFkksa esa lhrk vius nq[kksa] vdsysiu] vU;k; vkSj ihM+k ds ckjs esa ckr djrh gSA gkykafd og vkn'kZ iRuh gS ij mldh Nfo ,d ewd] cspkjh vkSjr dh ugha gSA

vkSjrks a ds jkek;.kh yksdxhrks a esa ,d ckr tks lkQ+ ns[kus dks feyrh gS og gS muds nq[k&nnZ dk lk>kiuA xk;d fdlh Hkh izkar ds gks a] dksbZ Hkh Hkk"kk esa xkrs gks a] jke dh dFkk dgrs gq, muds vuqHko lk>s izrhr gksrs gS aA viuh Hkkouk] vfHkO;fDr] ?kVukvks a ds pquko esa lHkh yksdxhrks a esa

,d lekurk] ,d tqM+ko ns[kus dks feyrk gSA bu xhrks a us vkSjrks a dh jkek;.k dk ,d [kt+kuk gekjs lkeus [kksydj j[k fn;k gSA [ksr jksirs le;] /kkfeZd lekjksg esa] dke djrs gq, vkSjrsa bu xhrks a dks xkrh jgh gSaA ;g xhr vkSjrks a ds thou ds iM+koks a ij jps x;s gSaA buds lhrk ,d toku fd'kksjh gS ftldk fookg gksrk gS]tks xHkZorh gksrh gS ij ftldk ifr mls R;kx nsrk gS ftlds ckn og viuh larku dks tUe nsrh gSA bls og jkek;.k dgrs gSa ij okLro esa ;g lhrk dh dgkuh gS ftls og xkrh gSaA

vkSjrksa dh jkek;.k esa ohjrk ds fdLls vf/kd ugha gSaA vkSjrksa ds fy, rks iwjh jkek;.k ,d vkSjr dh nqfu;k dk ut+kjk gSA xhrksa esa T+;knkrj ckydk.M vkSj mÙkjdk.M dh ?kVukvksa dk o.kZu gSA ckydk.M jke ds tUe] jkT;kfHk"ksd o lhrk ls fookg dh dFkk gSA mÙkjdk.M jko.k o/k vkSj v;ks/;kokil vkus ds ckn dh dgkuh crkrk gSA vkSjrsa vius xhrksa esa vU;k;] izse] fookg] xHkkZoLFkk o

tpxh ds fdLls lqukrh gSaA t+kfgj gS fd xhrksa esa lhrk dk

ft+Ø gksxkA lkFk gh vfXuijh{kk o lhrk


ds R;kx dh ?kVuk,a Hkh xhrksa esa is'k dh xbZ gSaA vkSjrksa dh jkek;.k esa flQZ+ y{e.k gh ,slk 'k[+l gS ftlls lhrk ckrphr djrh gSA jke dh fnysjh] U;k;fiz;rk vkSj uSfrdrk ds fdLls bu jkek;.kh xhrksa esa ugha lqukbZ nsrsA

vkSjrksa dh jkek;.k ds xhr eq[;r% nl fo"k;ksa esa ckaVs tk ldrs gSa & vukFk lhrk] csVh ds fookg ds fy, eka&cki dh fpark] cky fookg vkSj mlls tqM+h fpark,a] fonkbZ xhr] llqjky&lkljs dh ijs'kkuh] lksus dk fgj.k rFkk mlds fy, ft+n] csVk iSnk djus dh pkg] xHkkZoLFkk & mlls tqM+h bPNk,a] tpxh o R;kxA bu xhrksa esa Li"V >ydrk gS fd vkSjr dh viuh igpku ugha gksrhA mldh igpku vius ifr ls gksrh gSA lkFk gh gj Hkk"kk dh jkek;.k esa viuh ,d [k+kfl;r gSA ejkBh jkek;.k lhrk ds nq[kksa ds o.kZu ds lkFk&lkFk] lhrk ij llqjky esa fd, tqeZ dh dFkk dgrh gSA caxyk jkek;.k jke dks bZ";kZyq] iRFkj fny] 'kDdh o ikih ds :i esa ns[krh gSA rsyxq xhrksa esa lhrk vkSj vU; fL=k;ksa ds vkilh fj'rksa dk ft+Ø gSA ,d leku ckr tks lHkh jkek;.kksa o xhrksa esa ut+j vkrh gS og gS vkSjrksa dk jke dks ,d vU;k;h ifr ds :i esa ns[kukA bu xhrksa esa jke Hkxoku Hkys gh gks ij og ^vkn'kZ* vkSj ^e;kZnk iq#"kksÙke* ugha gSA

vc ,d ut+j Mkyrs gSa fd ;g vkSjrksa dh jkek;.k ds ;g xhr jkek;.k ls tqM+s bu fo"k;ksa ij D;k dgrs gSaA lcls igyk fo"k; gS ^vukFk lhrk*A ,d ejkBh xhr esa lhrk taxy esa isM+&if{k;ksa ls ckr djrh gSa &

eSa dSlh L=kh gwaikap o"kZ dh mez esa eq>s jke dks lkSai fn;k x;keSaus eka dk izse dgka ik;k\eSa rks ,d gy dh uksd rys ikbZ xbZ gwaesjs ekrk&firk dSls gks ldrs gSa\

panzkcrh dh caxkyh dfork esa lhrk y{e.k ls dgrh gSa &

esjs ekrk&firk ugha gSaeSa [ksr esa ikbZ xbZ Fkheq>s irk ugha eSa fdldh larku gwaeSa ,d rV ls nwljs rV rd cgrh fQjrh gwaeSa rks tUe&nqf[kuh gwa

loky ;g gS fd lHkh Hkk"kk ds xhr lhrk dks ,d vukFk yM+dh dh rjg D;ksa is'k djrs gSa] ,d jktdqekjh dh rjg D;ksa ugha\ 'kk;n vkSjrksa ds vanj ?kj dh gqbZ vlqj{kk dh Hkkouk muds otwn dks vDlj udkjk tkuk o igpku dh deh] bu xhrksa ds t+fj, mHkjdj vkbZ gSaA

csVh ds fookg&llqjky&lkljs dh rdyhQ+sa ejkBh xhrksa esa llqjky esa lhrk ds nq[kksa dk lVhd o.kZu gS &

lhrk dks lcus nq[k fn, gSackjg o"kZ rd mls flQZ+uhe dh ifÙk;ka f[kykbZa mls dqedqe ugha yxkus nh mls cky ugha /kksus fn,

bu lc ckrksa ds t+fj, vkSjrsa llqjky esa viuh ijs'kkuh] fgalk o mnklh dk ft+Ø djrh gSaA os lhrk dh rjg vius fy, jksrh gSa vkSj lf[k;ksa


ds lkFk viuk nnZ ckaVrh gSaA Bhd blh rjg xHkkZoLFkk dh dFkk dgrs caxkyh o ejkBh Hkk"kk ds xhr tSls &

jke fu"Bqj gSaeSa ikap ekg dh xHkZorh L=kh gwa;gka ij fdlh dks esjh fpark ugha gS esjs xHkZ esa ,d uUgh tku gS

bl xhr esa ge lqu ldrs gSa vkSjrksa dknnZ] muds thou dk lwukiu vkSj ifr&ifjokj ds izfr mudk jks'k o vkykspukA dqN xhrksa esa xHkZorh lhrk ds nnZ vkSj tpxh ds ckn ns[kjs[k dh deh dh ckrsa Hkh dh xbZ gSa tks vkSjrksa ds vius thou dh >yd is'k djrh gSA

lhrkckbZ us cPpksa dks tUe fn;k gSij mlds fy, [kkuk idkusokyk dksbZ ugha gScPpksa ds fy, >wyk ugha gSiwjh fta+nxh jke us mls rjlk;k gS

,d vU; xhr esa lhrk dks taxy esa Hkstus ds izlax dk o.kZu bl rjg fd;k x;k gS &

fdNq fdNq tk;js lhrkfiNq fiNq NsrFkkfi ikfi"Bh jkesj iqjh ns[kk tk;js]iqjh ns[kk tsiqjh ns[kk tsiqjh ns[kk t

bl xhr esa ßd#.kkfla/kqÞ dgs tkus okys jke dks fu"Bqj]

ikfi"Bh dk uke fn;k x;k gSA blls lkQ+ t+kfgj gksrk gS fd vkSjrksa ds vanj jke ds izfr dkQ+h Øks/k gSA ,d ejkBh xhr esa ?kj NksM+rs gq, lhrk dgrh gS &

#dks] esjh lkM+h jke ds iyax ij jg xbZvjs esjh dqedqe dh fMfc;k Hkhij eSa rks jke ds fcLrj ijviuk psgjk Hkh NksM+ vkbZ gwa

bl xhr esa lhrk dk psgjk jke ds fy, ^vkbZuk* gS ftlesa og viuh xyrh ns[k ldrs gSaA Hkkjrh; lekt esa ,d vkSjr dh igpku mlds ifr ls vkadh tkrh gS] tSlk fd bl xhr esa fpf=kr gSA

lhrk ds R;kx ls tqM+s xhrksa ds ek/;e ls vkSjrsa viuh csbT+t+rh ds fdLls lqukrh gSaA vkSjrksa ds fy, jke ds ouokl o lhrk dks taxy Hksts tkus esa cqfu;knh Q+d+Z gSA jke dk ouokl ,d vPNs csVs dk eka ds izfr Q+tZ+] vknj vkSj e;kZnk dk mnkgj.k gSA lhrk dks R;kxuk Hkh blh yhd

ij pyus dh dksf'k'k gSA ij lhrk dh ut+jksa esa mldk R;kx mlds

vfLrRo dks udkjdj] ml ij vfo'okl vkSj mls

viekfur djus ls tqM+k gSA

bl xhr dks ns[ksa &

lhrk dk ouokl vkvks ge lc bls vkil esa ckaV ysalhrk dk ouokl

xzkeh.k bykdksa esa nhikoyh ds nkSjku

njoktksa vkSj pkS[kVksa ij ekaMs x, fp=k

,d vU; xhr esa lhrk dks taxy esa Hkstus ds izlax dk o.kZu bl rjg fd;k x;k gS &

fdNq fdNq tk;js lhrk

bl xhr esa ßd#.kkfla/kqÞ dgs tkus okys jke dks fu"Bqj]

ij pyus dh dksf'k'k gSA ij lhrk dh ut+jksa esa mldk R;kx mlds

vfLrRo dks udkjdj] ml ij vfo'okl vkSj mls

lhrk dk ouokl

xzkeh.k bykdksa esa nhikoyh ds nkSjku

njoktksa vkSj pkS[kVksa ij ekaMs x, fp=k


fdruh ckj gksxk\lhrk dk ouoklgj iy] gj txg lfn;ksa ls gksrk vk;k gStaxy tkus ls igyslhrk bl ouokl dksge lcds fgLls ckaV tks xbZ Fkh

bl ejkBh xhr esa lhrk] ukjhRo ls tqM+s nnZ dk izrhd gSA lhrk fo'oO;kih gS tks mudh ft+anxh dh lPpkb;ksa ls tqM+h gS] ßlhrsNk nq[k% ck,a] rqfe ckrqu ?kh;kAÞ

varr% jkek;.k ds ;g xhr vkSjrksa dh jkst+ejkZ dh eqlhcrksa dk vkbZuk gSaA lhrk ,d ^vkn'kZ* ukjh ds :i esa vkSjrksa ds nq[kksa dks ,d lEeku ls lgus dk jkLrk fn[kkrh gSA og cnyk ysus ds ckjs esa ugha lksprhA vDlj egkdkO;ksa esa Øks/k vkSj cnys dh Hkkouk dks n'kkZ;k tkrk gSA ihfM+r cnyk ysus ds fy, dqN Hkh dj xqt+jrk gSA ij egkdkO;ksa esa ;g Hkh crk;k x;k gS fd tc ,d vkSjr cnyk ysus ij vkeknk gksrh gS rks mldh vDlj gkj gksrh gSA pkgs lrg ij mldh thr ut+j vk, ij njvly gkykr ,sls cu tkrs gSa fd mldk Øks/k loZuk'k dk dkj.k curk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, nzkSinh tc dkSjoksa ls vius vieku dk cnyk ysus dh Bku ysrh gS rks og thr rks vo'; tkrh gS ij cnys esa mls ikap iq=k vkSj ;q) esa Hkkjh fouk'k dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA ,d mnkgj.k ;k izsj.kk ds :i esa nzkSinh dk pfj=k csgn ukVdh; izrhr gksrk gSA og ,d det+ksj vkSj 'kksf"kr vkSjr ds

fy, izsj.kk ugha cu ldrhA vius ikap ifr;ksa] Ñ".k ds lkFk nksLrh] cnys dh pkgr ds lkFk vikjEifjd Nfo is'k djrh nzkSinh foLe; dk izrhd rks cu ldrh gS] ij vkSjrsa mlds pfj=k esa viuh Nfo ugha ns[krhaA lhrk dk pfj=k ,d ?kjsyw] lk/kkj.k L=kh ds R;kx dk izrhd gSA og nq[kh gksrh gS ij jke dh lÙkk dks pqukSrh ugha nsrhA dqN ,slk gh vkSjrksa ds xhrksa esa lqukbZ nsrk gSA lhrk dh lgu'khyrk] ihM+k lgdj pqipki jguk ,d l'kDrrk dk mnkgj.k cudj mHkjrk gSA vkSjrsa mlls vius vkidks ns[krh gSaA lhrk blfy, jke }kjk R;kxh tkus ij Hkh thr dk mnkgj.k cudj lkeus vkrh gSA panzcrh ds xhrksa esa jke dh vkykspuk gS] ij lhrk bldks Hkh 'kkyhurk ls] ,d vPNh iRuh dh rjg gh dgrh gSA

lkjka'k esa ;g dguk 'kk;n x+yr ugha gksxk fd fiNyh lfn;ksa esa rst+h ls cnyko vkus ds ckotwn] Hkkjr esa vf/kdka'k vkSjrksa ds fy, U;k;] lekurk vkSj vf/kdkjksa dh pkgr ,d liuk gh gSA tc vkSjrsa jkek;.k ckaprh gSa rc lhrk og uke gS tks og [kqn dks nsrh gSa & ,d cs?kj] cVcgkÅ] vlqjf{kr o izse ls oafpr vkSjr dk ukeA ¦

lkHkkj % ekuq"kh vad 108 esa izdkf'kr vaxzst+h ys[k

^Ogsu foesu flax n Cywt+* lHkh fp=k lkHkkj % uqDdM+ uqDDM+ vkaxu vkaxu] tkxksjh] Hkkjr 1988

vuqokn % tqgh tSu


vc u jgwaxh rksjs gB dh

xhr

rsjks dksbZ u jksd.k gkj

jk.kk th ....gs jk.kk thjk.kk th vc u jgwaxh rksjs gB dh

lk/kq lax eksgs I;kjk ykxs

ykt xbZ ?kwa?kV dh

gkj flaxkj lHkh Y;ks viuk

pwM+h dj dh iVdh

jk.kk th ....

egy fdyk jk.kk eksgs u Hkk,

lkjh jsle iV dh

jk.kk th ....

gqbZ nhokuh ehjk Mksys

dsl yVk lc fNVdh

jk.kk th ....

rsjks dksbZ u jksd.k gkj]

exu gks; ehjk pyh

ykt lje dqy dh e;kZnk]

flj lksa nwj djh

eku vieku nksm /kj iVds]

fudlh gwa X;ku xyh

exu gks; ehjk pyhA

rsjks ....Åph vVfj;k ykt fdofM+;k]

fujxqu lst fcNh

ipjaxh >kyj 'kqHk lksgs]

Qwyu Qwy dyh

exu gks; ehjk pyhA

rsjks ....lst lq[k e.kk ehjk lksos]

lqHk gS vkt ?kjh

rqe tkvks jk.kk ?kj vi.ks]

esjh rsjh u ljh

xxu gks; ehjk pyhA

ehjkckbZ


nzkSinh egkHkkjr egkdkO; dk ,d ,slk pfj=k gS ftldk gekjs lekt] thou o laLÑfr ij ,d csgn egRoiw.kZ ,oa foy{k.k izHkko gSA ij nzkSinh ds fdjnkj ij lkfgR;d fo'ys"k.k de gh ns[kus dks feyrk gSA mfM+;k lkfgR; dh ysf[kdk MkW- izfrHkk jk; dh jpuk ß;kKlsuhÞ bl fn'kk esa igyk ljkguh; dne ekuk tk ldrk gSA

nzkSinhtqgh tSu

iqLrd leh{kk

ß;kKlsuhÞ ewyr% mfM+;k esa fy[kk gSA blds fgUnh vuqokn ßnzkSinhÞ dh vkt ge leh{kk djus dh dksf'k'k dj jgs gSaA

nzkSinh ds ut+fj, ls fy[kh xbZ ;g jpuk, nzkSinh dh vka[kksa ls egkHkkjr dk ut+kjk ikBdksa dks djkrh gSA ;g iqLrd nzkSinh }kjk vius l[kk Ñ".k dks fy[ks x, ,d [k+r ds :i esa gSaA [k+r ftlesa nzkSinh ds tUe ls e`R;q rd dk o`rkar gSA [k+r nzkSinh ds ,d HkkoukRed vglkl] mEehn vkSj iz'u ls 'kq: gksrk gSA

ß/keZ dh j{kk ds fy, thou Hkj fdruh ;kruk,a

ugha lghaA lkspk Fkk ikfrozr ds dkj.k vkSj vius

/kekZpj.k ds cy ij ifr lax LoxZ tk ldwaxhA

ij fxfjjkt fgeky; ds ikn&ns'k dh Lo.kZjs.kq

Nwrs&Nwrs gh ikao fQly x,] eSa fxj iM+h! ikapksa

ifr;ksa us eqM+dj Hkh ugha ns[kkA oju~ /keZjkt

;qf/kf"Bj us Hkhe ls dgk & ßeqM+dj u ns[kks! vkxs

vk tkvks!Þ

mudh ;gh ckr esjs g`n; dks Vwd&Vwd dj xbZA

lkspk&fdruk >wBk gS ;g ifr&iRuh dk laca/k!

Lusg] izse] R;kx vkSj mRlxZ! vius deZ vxj

vkneh Lo;a Hkksxrk gS] rks fQj ;qf/kf"Bj ds /keZ

dh j{kk ds fy, ikap ifr;ksa ds pj.kksa esa vfiZr

gksdj lkjh nqfu;k dk migkl} O;ax&fonzwi vkSj

fuank&viokn <ksrh D;ksa fQjh\

ifr&iRuh ds lkr tUeksa ds laca/k ij iz'u fpUgyxkrk nzkSinh dk loky jpuk dk ,d fo'ks"kigyw gSA


FkksM+k vkxs i<+sa rks nzkSinh ds tUe vkSj mlds t+hou dk ed+ln Li"V gksdj ikBd ds eu esa lokyksa ds lkFk&lkFk ,d gwd Hkh mBkrk gSA

esjs tUe ds le; vkdk'kok.kh gqbZ Fkh & ß;g

dU;k rqEgkjs vieku dk cnyk ysus gh tUeh gSA

izfrKk iwjh djus ds fy, vkfoHkwZr gqbZ gSA blls

i`Foh ij /keZ dh j{kk gksxhA {kf=k;ksa dk lEeku

gksxkA ;g dkSjoukf'kuh gksxhA

nzkSinh ds eu dk }Un ikBd ds ts+gu esa Hkhizfr/ofur gksrk gSA

tUe ls igys gh firk ds vieku dk izfr'kks/k

ysus ds fy, ck/;! bl i`Foh ij /keZj{kk vkSj

nq"Vuk'ku dk eSa vL=k gksus tk jgh gwaA blhfy,

i`Foh ij vkbZ gwaA D;k ;qx&;qx esa /keZj{kk vkSj

nq"Vlagkj ds fy, ukjh dks ek/;e gksuk iM+sxk\

ukjh gh D;k l`f"V vkSj fouk'k dk dkj.k gS\

Ñ".k ds lkFk nzkSinh dk ,d fo'ks"k vkReh; laca/k Fkk] ,slk ge lc tkurs gSaA ij ysf[kdk us bl Ñfr esa nzkSinh vkSj Ñ".k ds chp ds izsse dk ,d u;k igyw is'k fd;k gSA nzkSinh ds eu esa Ñ".k dh vklfDr] muds izfr ,d L=kh dk izse gSA izse dk ;g eknd vglkl Ñfr ds iUuksa esa yxkrkj Nydrk jgrk gSA

u'ks esa >weus dh rjg eSa furafcuh dh xksn esa <y

xbZA lkjh nsg /kj/kjk jgh FkhA ân; esa ,d fofp=k

vkosx ds dkj.k LianuA ,slk vuqHko igyh ckj

FkkA D;k gS ;g\ D;ksa gksrk gS ,slk\Þ

furafcuh dku esa dg jgh Fkh & ßÑ".k&izseA

;g mlh dk y{k.k gSA gs izHkq! vc eSa

D;k d:a\Þ

yrkdqat rys eq>s lqyk fn;kA iq"dfj.kh dh vksj

c<+h] ty ykdj gks'k djkusA eSa psruk 'kwU;

rks u Fkh& lc le> jgh FkhA ij fdlh

LoIuyksd esa fopj.k dj jgh FkhA ft/kj ns[kk

m/kj gh Ñ".k --- uhy --- Ñ".k --- uhy--- lkjk fo'o

Ñ".ke; --- izsee; --- e/kqe; --- fo'oe; Ñ".k vkSj

Ñ".ke; fo'o!

Ñ".k dks Hkh nzkSinh ds izse dk vglkl gS ij /keZ dh LFkkiuk ds fy, os nzkSinh dks vtqZu dks oj ekuus ds fy, ck/; djrs gSaA

esjs f[kUu&fpafrr psgjs dks ns[kdj Ñ".k us e/kqj

Loj esa dgk& ßnsoh nzkSinh! firk ds 'k=kq dk uk'k

djus ds fy, rqEgkjk tUe gqvkA firk ds 'k=kq gh

ugha] i`Foh ds nqjkpkfj;ksa dk fouk'k djus ds fy,

Hkh tUeh gksA cká 'k=kq dks thrus ds fy, igys

ge vkUrfjd 'k=kq vFkkZr bfUnz;ksa dks thrsaA rqe

dkeuk] okluk] eu] ân; vkSj ckSf)d fopkjksa

dks /keZ dh LFkkiuk ds fy, mRlxZ dj nks

nzkSinh dk Ñ".k izse ejrk ugha ij og viuh fu;fr ls le>kSrk dj ysrh gSA

ouekyk esa vka[kksa ds vkalw xwaFk dj og Ñ".k ds

xys esa ugha] pj.kksa esa j[k nhA

ij blds ckotwn Ñ".k ds izfr mlds tT+ckr jpuk esa lgt gh mHkj dj vkrs gSaA vkSjr vkSj iq#"k ds laca/kksa dk ;g fojks/kkHkkl vkSj lp jpuk dk vkSj n`<+rk iznku djrk gSA

Ñ".k us fonk ds igys /khjs&ls esjs g`n; ds

ikl dgk& ßÑ".kk! Ñ".k lnk izse&ikxy gS]

Lusg dk Hkw[kk gSA l[kk vtqZu us eq>s ftl

izse&ik'k esa cka/k j[kk gS] mlesa dHkh xkaB

u HkjukA


oSls gh rqe vtqZu dh gksrs gq, Hkh lw{ekfrlw{e

nsgkfrfjDr rqEgkjh lÙkk ds lkFk esjk vn`'; laidZ

fpjaru} 'kk'or gSA ;g dHkh u HkwyukA

izfrHkk jk; dh bl jpuk esa nzkSinh ds Lo;aoj vkSj ikapkyh dgykus ds lQ+j dk Hkh mRÑ"V o.kZu gSA egkHkkjr ds dkO; esa nzkSinh o ikap ikaMoksa dk C;kg dqarh }kjk r;'kqnk ?kVuk ugha gSA og ,d gknls dh rjg c;ku fd;k gSA ij izfrHkk jk; us bl fdLls dks Hkh ,d u;k eksM+ nsrs gq, fy[kk gS fd dqarh] ;qf/kf"Bj vkSj fo".kq dk jpk gqvk [ksy gS ftlds ihNs ikaMo Hkkb;ksa esa ,dk j[kus dk ed+ln FkkA

bu ikap ikaMoksa esa Hkh Hkzkr`fookn Hkfo";

esa mitus dh laHkkouk gSA ;qf/kf"Bj us

iap ikaMoksa ds chp ,drk cuk;s j[kus

ds fy, Ñ".kk dks lcdh v/kkZafxuh

djus dh ckr lksph gSA blesa vkSj

D;k dguk gS\ eSa rks ikapksa Hkkb;ksa dk

nkf;Ro ugha ys ldwaxkA

ysf[kdk us dqarh ds bl QS+lys ls nzkSinh ds eu dh O;Fkk] vkØks'k vkSj grk'kk dk c[kwch o.kZu fd;k gSA

lc ^bl ;qx dh nzkSinh* dg dj esjk migkl

djsaxsA os D;k le>saxs fd fdl ifjfLFkfr esa esa

ikapkyh iap iq#"kksa dh ukf;dk cuh\ vkSjksa dk

/keZ j[kus] lR; j[kus essa eSa D;ksa fuafnr cuwa\ eka

ij Øks/k vk;kA muds izfr fo}s'k tkx mBkA

ij mudh vksj n`f"V djrs gh eSa eka dks NksM+

vkus dk 'kksd Hkwy xbZ FkhA ;g lc tkurs gq,

Hkh ,slk okD; D;ksa mPpkfjr fd;k\ mUgksaus rks

csVksa dks ikapky Hkstk FkkA tkurh Fkha fd mudk

e/;e iq=k vo'; thrsxkA fQj ,slh ckr ds ihNs

mudk D;k mís'; Fkk\

ikap ifr;ksa ds lkFk nzkSinh ds fj'rs ds fofHkUu HkkoukRed] 'kkjhfjd o vkReh; laca/kksa rFkk vtqZu ds izfr mlds [kkl yxko dks ikBdksa ds eu rd igqapkus esa ysf[kdk dke;kc gqbZ gSaA dqN gh 'kCnksa esa nzkSinh ds eu dh d'ed'k] yTtk vkSj lcdks ,d leku ekuus dh tfVyrkvksa dks Hkh mHkkjk x;k gSA

jkr esa ,d izgj ;fn ,d ifr ds fy, mRlxZ

djrh gwa rks Hkh ,d ifr dh jkf=k rks O;FkZ

gks tk;sxhA rks fQj dSls eSa jkf=k dks foHkkftr

d:a ;k Lo;a dks foHkDr d:a \

nzkSinh ds 'kCnksa esa d.kZ vkSj mlds laca/k esa Hkh ,d u;kiu vkSj iz'kalk dh Hkkouk dh vfHkO;fDr gSA ysf[kdk us egkHkkjr esa nzkSinh&d.kZ dh 'k=kqrk dks udkjrs gq, nksuksa ik=kksa ds chp ,d lgkuqHkwfr vkSj e;kZnk dk laca/k LFkkfir fd;k gSA

ri dj yky iM+s yksgs dh rjg esjs psgjs

dks ns[krs gq, d.kZ us esjk jkLrk jksdkA gkFk

tksM+dj dgk & ßnsoh nzkSinh! egkikih d.kZ vius

fe=k nq%'kklu ds O;ogkj ds fy, {kksHk izdV

djrk gSA {kek izkFkhZ gSA vkidks jFk esa fcBk

eka ds ikl igqapkuk esjk drZO; gSA esjh iRuh

_rqorh Hkh vkids lkFk gSA ukjh dh izk.kj{kk ls

vf/kd mlds lEeku dh j{kk djuk ohj iq#"k dks

vf/kd Li`g.kh; gSA

vfuPNk ds ckotwn eu ckj&ckj d.kZ ds fy,

nzohHkwr gks jgk FkkA irk ugha lgkuqHkwfr esa ;k


Lusg esaA tks vkt esjs ifr;ksa dk ije'k=kq cuus

dks n`<+ izfrK gS] mlds fy, esjk eu fi?ky jgk

gSA cM+h vthc ckr gSA okLro esa eu ij dkSu

iwjk fu;a=k.k dj ldk gS\

vtqZu vkSj lqHknzk ds fookg dks ysdj nzkSinh ds eu esa tyu gSA ij fQj Hkh og foossd dk lkFk ugha NksM+rh D;ksafd mls Ñ".k ds Q+Slyksa ij ,d vVwV fo'okl gSA vius eu dks gYdk djus ds fy, nzkSinh ds pfj=k ds ekuoh; igyw dks mtkxj djrs gSaA

QkYxquh ds lkFk lqHknzk dks cka/k dkSu&lk LokFkZ

fl) djuk pkgrs gSa\ l[kk gksaB Hkhaps gal jgs

FksA vtqZu dh vksj frjNh n`f"V ls ns[kkA dgk &

ßdgk rks fd lqHknzk ds ;gka jgus ij l[kk ds

izfr rqEgkjk /;ku dqN de gks tk;sxk] blls esjk

LokFkZ fl) gksxkAÞ

ßlks dSls\Þ eSaus pkSaddj iwNkA

l[kk us galrs gq, dgk & ßl[kk ij /;ku de

gksus ij esjs izfr dqN /;ku ns ldksxhA rqEgkjk

lkjk /;ku l[kk ds ikl fuc) gks tkrk gS]

blls eq>s D;k de d"V gksrk gSA ,d ckj

rks crk;k Fkk fd l[kk dk lc dqN eq>s

lefiZr gSÞA

,sls ekufld ladV dh ?kM+h esa Hkh l[kk dh e/kqj

jfldrk ij eSa gal iM+hA

nzkSinh ds lkFk&lkFk ekrk dqarh Hkh ,d ekuoh;pfj=k ds :i esa mHkjrh gSaA d.kZ dh ekrk gksus dk vglkl] mls viuk csVk u dg ikus dh Xykfu rFkk nzkSinh }kjk dqarh ds eu dh ckr tkudj mls Lohdkjuk] jpuk dk ,d fo'ks"k fgLlk gSA

nzkSinh vkSj dqarh ds bl vkSjrkuk fj'rs dh le> ysf[kdk us [kwc le>nkjh ls 'kCnksa esa cka/khgSA ikBd bl lksp ls [kqn vius vanj dqarh vkSj nzkSinh ds fy, ,d viukiu eglwl djrs gSaA

eka bl le; ckfydk gks xbZA lkjk nq%[k esjs

vkapy esa <ky dg cSBh & ß[kSj] dksbZ rks esjs

vUrj dh O;Fkk tkurk gSA iapikaMo esjs iq=k

gksus ij Hkh esjh osnuk ugha le> ldsaxsA D;ksfd

os iq#"k gSaA tuuh dh O;Fkk dSls le>saxs\ Ñ".k]

,d vuqjks/k gSA vc ;qf/kf"Bj ;k vU; HkkbZ dks

d.kZ dk ifjp; u crkukAÞ

vkt dk ;q) d.kZ vtqZu ds chp ugha gSA og

fo'o;q) esa ifj.kr gks pqdk gSA ,d vksj U;k;

gS] nwljh vksj vU;k;A ,d vksj nsoh 'kfDr ds

izfr vkLFkk] nwljh vksj LokFkZ ,oa vgadkj

dh fodVrk gSA ;gka O;fDrxr ykHk&gkfu

dh ckr ugha gSA d.kZ pkgs foiUu gks]

/keZ foiUu u gksA d.kZ ;fn fot;

izkIr djsxk rks jkT; nq;ksZ/ku dks feysxk

fQj rks i`Foh ls U;k; vkSj /keZ dk yksi

gks tk,xkA txr ds eaxy ds fy, eq>s nq%[k

lguk iM+sxkA

eka dqarh vlgk; ckfydk ls egh;lh fo'otuuh

esa ifj.kr gks xbZ gSaA eSa mUgsa eu gh eu iz.kke

dj /kU; gks jgh FkhaA

fdrkc dk lcls vge~ fgLlk gS nzkSinh ds ut+fj, ls egkHkkjr ;q) dk o.kZuA tc ge egkdkO; egkHkkjr dks ns[krs gSa rks egkdkO; dk lcls vge fgLlk dkSjo&ikaMo ;q) gSA ij izfrHkk jk; dh nzkSinh esa ;q) dk fny ngyk nsus okyk dFkkud pan iUuksa esa fleV x;k gSA dgus dk rkRi;Z ;g


gS fd ,d efgyk pfj=k o ,d efgyk ysf[kdk nksuksa dh ut+j esa ;q) dk egRo vU; ?kVukvksa dh rqyuk esa csgn ux.; gSA ;q) ls T+;knk ik=kksa ds HkkoukRed] ekufld] lkekftd] LoHkkfod }U}ksa] tT+ckrksa vkSj ?kVukvksa dk vf/kd egRo gS tks bl jpuk dks lkfgR; dh ,d mRÑ"V Js.kh esa j[k nsrk gSA

jkT; ds fy, ;q)] jDrikr] e`R;q] gkgkdkj ns[k&

ns[kdj jkt ikV] /ku&nkSyr ls eu dk eksg VwV x;k

gSA jkuh cuus esa vkSj dksbZ vkuan ugh jgkA

;gh ys[ku 'kSyh dk lekt dks lans'k Hkh gSA ;q) tSlh fouk'kdkjh ?kVuk tks lnSo leL;kvksa dks gy ugha djrh cfYd mUgsa csgn tfVy cuk nsrh gSA ;q) esa thrus okyk gkjrk Hkh gSA ;gh ysf[kdk dk lans'k Hkh gSA

iq=kghu] fe=kghu thou ds NÙkhl o"kZ dk jkT;

'kklu ;qf/kf"Bj ds fy, vius fd, deks± dk

vfHk'kki FkkA gj iy gfLrukiqj dh fo/kok]

iq=kghu jef.k;ksa dh fo'kkniw.kZ vfHk;ksx Hkjh n`f"V

mudk frjLdkj djrh yxrh & ß;s gSa os /kekZRek

jktk ;qf/kf"Bj! |wrØhM+k ds o'k gksdj jkT; ,oa

L=kh dks [kks fn;k vkSj ;q) dh uhao Mky nhA

var esa lc&dqN xaokdj jkT; Hkksx jgs gSaA

vxf.kr fujhg iztk ds nq%[k ds dkj.k gSa

egkjkt ;qf/kf"Bj!Þ

ean Loj esa dgk & ßml ikikRek dks {kek dj

nksA Hkhe ls dg nks] vc v'oRFkkek dks idM+dj

ykus dh dksbZ t+:jr ugha jghA vius deZ dk

Qy og ikih [kqn HkksxsA dksbZ vn`"V ns[krk gS]

fQj eSa naM nsus okyh dkSu gwa\Þ

varr% nzkSinh vius i=k dk lekiu djrh gSA mldk eu vHkh Hkh 'kkUr ugha gSA lokyksa dk mrkj&p<+ko] i'pkrki] ,d grk'kk nzkSinh dks ?ksjs gSA foMEcuk ;g Hkh gS fd nzkSinh ftldk tUe dkSjoksa dk uk'k djus ds fy, gqvk gS var esa vius deks± ds fy, ft+Eesnkj BgjkbZ tkrh gSA iq#"k ekufldrk vkSj egkdkO;ksa ds t+fj, bu egkdkO;ksa vkSj jpukvksa ds fp=k.k esa ;g vlaosnu'khyrk lekt esa fo|eku fir`lÙkkRed lksp dk lVhd mnkgj.k gSA

jkLrs ij pyrs&pyrs lksp jgh gwa & bl tUe esa

D;k ik;k\ D;k [kks;k\ D;ksa vk;h Fkh\ eq>ls

D;k dk;Z lkf/kr gqvk\ D;k djuk mfpr Fkk

esjs fy,\

vkSj lksprs&lksprs fgeky; dh Lo.kZ js.kq ij esjk

ikao fQly x;kA

Hkhe dh vkokt+ lqukbZ iM+h & ßHkS;k! nzkSinh

fxj iM+h gSAÞ ;qf/kf"Bj us fLFkj Loj esa dgk &

ßnzkSinh vius iru ds fy, Lo;a nk;h gSA

vtqZu dks vf/kd pkgrh FkhA ;gh mldk

iki gSAÞ

izfrHkk jk; dh nzkSinh dk thou gkykafd vusd Hkkxksa esa foHkDr gS fQj Hkh mldk O;fDrRo VwVrk] caVrk vkSj ncrk ugha gSA og ,d l'kDr] le>nkj efgyk ds :i esa mHkjrh gS tks ,d ,slh bdkbZ ds :i esa thrh gS tks rkRdkfyd ?kVukpØ dks vusd fof'k"V vk;ke nsus esa l{ke gSA ,d vkSjr dk vareZu dh ihM+k] lq[k&nq[k] laca/kksa dh xgjkbZ dks ekiuk bl jpuk dks [kkle[kkl cukrk gSA ¦


gky gh esa] lqizhe dksVZ dk ,d Q+Slyk lkeus vk;k gSA lkj ,slk gS] fd larku ds fy, firk dh tkfr ekU; gksxh & Hkys gh lkekU; fookg dk ca/ku ekrk&firk ds chp u jgk gksA bl ij ppkZ rks gks jgh gS] fdarq fopkj ds lkFk&lkFk ;g O;ogkj dk elyk HkhgSA dgus dks] uke esa D;k\ fdarq tkfr yxrs gh& [kku&iku] jgu&lgu] jhfr&fjoktbfrgkl & lHkh dk ,d [kkdk f[kaprk pyk tkrk gS] tks igpku ds iwjs vkdkj dks mHkjus ls jksdrk gSA oSls Hkh lar yksx cgqr igys

dg x, gSa & ^tkfr ikfr iwNs u dks,] gfj dks Hkts lks gfj dk gks;*A

---ysfdu vc tc cgqr dqN foHkkftr gS] vlekurk dk ys[kk&tks[kk b/kj&m/kj gks jgk gS] rc ;g iz'u la?k"kZ dh dbZ fLFkfr;ks a ls tksM+rk gSA t+:jh ugha fd os vius esa cgqr cM+h gks a & jkst+ejkZ dh vke lh ?kVuk,a ftuls dbZ vkSjrsa tw> jgh gSaA

,sls gh ckrksa&ckrksa esa muesa ls ,d us cryk;k Fkk] fd tc og ;k eqgYys dh nwljh dksbZ vkSjr

lkFk ugh a] ij uke lghf=iqjkfj 'kekZ

laokn

cqf)thoh efgyk ,d 'ks[k+ ds lkFk laokn esabZjku lu 1658 esa cuk fefu,pj

f'kjdr

xkg

ikfd

Lrku 2

004


cPpksa ds fy, tkfr&izek.k i=k cuokus tkrh gS] rks vQ+lj Qkby ij ls ut+j mBkdj t+:j iwNrk gS] ^firk dk uke\* lqudj igys og >sai tk;k djrh FkhA dHkh #vkalh gks tkrhA /khes ls iwNrh ^dk t:jh gS crkuk\* bl ij vQ+lj vklikl cSBs nks&pkj vknfe;ksa dh vksj ns[krk vkSj mlds psgjs dh eqLdku rfud vkSj Vs<+h gks tkrhA [kSj] bl ckj og Hkh ckt u vkbZA pDdj yxkrs&yxkrs rtqcsZdkj gks xbZ FkhA f<BkbZ ls dg fn;k] ^fy[kuk gh gS rks fy[k nks fdlh dk HkhA* ^fdlh dk Hkh ls eryc\* psgjs dqN vkSj gals! f[kYyh mM+ gh jgh Fkh] lks mlus tku&cw>dj l/kh vkokt+ esa dg Mkyk] ^t+:jh gS] rks viuk gh fy[k nks&dk Q+jd iM+rk gSA* gSa] ;g D;k dg xbZ!

vkSjr vxj 'kfeZank gks] rks le> esa vkrk gS& gks ldrk gS n;k dk ik=k Hkh cus] vka[k mBkdj dqN dgrh gS] rks mlds nqLlkgl dks rkuk dlrk gSA rc Hkh Vl ls el u gqbZ rks csrqdk yx tkrk gSA ogka Hkh ;gh gqvkA O;aX; NVk vkSj mldk LFkku gSjkuh vkSj fgdkjr us ys fy;kA fdlds eqag yxrs gks* ,d us csLokn ls dgk] ^dke fucVkvks vkSj bls jQ+k&nQ+k djks ;gka lsA* ;gh og pkgrh FkhA lks gks x;kA

vkt fd+Llk lqukrs gq,] prqjkbZ vkSj Q+rg dk gYdk lk vkHkkl >yd mBrk gS] ^gesa ;g ugha dguk pkfg, Fkk ,slsA vkSj Hkhrj gh Hkhrj dakis tk jgs Fks] fd tkus D;k gks] ij dk djsa] og ,d gh ckr dh jV yxk, gq, FkkA D;k og tkurk ugha fd csfM+u dh vkSykn ds fy, firk 'kCn dk dksbZ ek;us ugha gksrk---A*

csfM+u ;kfu og efgyk ftldk tUe bl tkfr fo'ks"k 1⁄4ftls m-iz- esa ,llh] e-iz- esa ,lVh dh Js.kh esa j[kk x;k gSA1⁄2 esa gqvk vkSj blh dkj.k ukpuk&xkuk mlds fgLls esa vk;kA [k+kl ckr ;g gS fd mlus bls pquk ughaA pquko dk ekSd+k dgka FkkA Hkyh ;k cqjh og vnkdkjk Fkh] tSlk fd tUe o tkfr us mlds fy, fu/kkZfjr dj fn;k FkkA daB vkSj ru dh vfHkO;fDr fdarq lkeus Fkh] iq#"kksa dh ekfydkuk ut+jA nks Nksj ftuds njE;ku iryh lh Mksj & ml ij pyrh uVuhA

C;kg&clar] rht&R;kSgkj esa ;s nsgkr dk Qsjk yxkrh vkSj }kj&}kj ls tks feyrk mlls ?kj ifjokj dk xqt+kjk gksrkA ukp xkus esa tks tqV tkrha] muds fy, fookg 1⁄4tSlk fd vkerkSj ls ifjHkkf"kr fd;k tkrk gS1⁄2 dk dksbZ LFkku ugha FkkA laiUu iq#"k dqN jde] dqN vukt nsdj] muls ukrk tksM+ fy;k djrs FksA Bkdqj lkgc jkr dks NksM+s ugha vkSj fnu esa gejk Nqvk ikuh fi, ugha* ,d cqtqxZ vkSjr cfr;krs gq, eqLdqjkrh gSA f'kdk;r ugha] lkyksa dk lkjka'kA fnu ds mtkys esa tks gkFk idM+us ls drjk, mlds lkFk dh rklhj dSlh gksxh & bldk

ikaMqfyfi gkFk esa fy, efgyk vius lsod ls efnjk dk tke ysrs gq,A

bZjku 15oha 'krh esa cuk fefu,pj

gsjr

eSVªksikWfy

Vu E;wft+;e

vkWQ

+ vkVZ] U;

w;kdZ


vuqeku yxk ikuk dfBu ugha gSA 1⁄4dqN iq#"kksa us t+:j fL=k;ksa ds fy, edku cuok, gSa] cPpksa dh ijofj'k ds fy, [k+pkZ fn;k gSA ,sls mnkgj.k de lkeus vk,] fdarq gS] ;g vius vki esa lq[knkbZ gSA1⁄2 le; cnyk] tkfr fo'ks"k dh vkSjrsa d+Lcs ls 'kgj esa clha] dqN us ukSVadh eap ij 'kksgjr Hkh ikbZA tSlk lk/ku cu iM+k mlls jksVh dekbZ xbZ] D;ksafd ?kj pykus dk nkf;Ro L=kh dk FkkA ,d vksj eap] egfQ+y] n'kZd & vkSj nwljh vksj O;fDrxr thou ds lkekU; fdarq dfBu {k.k tgka og Lo;a dks vdsyk ikrhA

^tc esjh igyh cPph iSnk gqbZ] rks esjh gkyr Bhd ugha Fkh] lks vLirky esa HkrhZ gksuk iM+kA ogka iwNk x;k ifr dk uke&lks geus crykfn;k vkSj fjdkMZ esa fy[kk x;kA vc ;s vk,rks ukjkt+ gq,&dkgs gekjk uke ys fy;k---*

^;s* ;kuh og 'k[l ftls irk Fkk fd og firk gS] ftls ifr ds vf/kdkj izkIr Fks] tks L=kh dks ?kj fyok ys x;k] ogka Hkys gh og pwYgs pkSds dks ugha Nw ikbZ] fdarq lkFk jgh] lHkh ds lkeus&LVkai isij ij ftlus jkthukek Hkh fd;k] ftldh] tSlk fd ckn esa ,d iqfyl vQ+lj us cryk;k] dksbZ d+kuwuh ekU;rk ugha gSA ogh viuk uke fNikuk pkgrk gS D;ksafd og igpku gS] [k+kunku dk vax gksus dh LohÑfrA ft+anxh dk v?kksf"kr va'k viuh lhek yka?k u ik,A

izlo ihM+k esa vdsyh dqarhA vdsyh tkudhAbykd+s esa dgha&dgha lksgj xk;k tkrk gS---

^lhrk ds cu esa yky gq,] uanyky ds HkS;k dksbZ ughaA*

cPph py clhA vkSjr vkSj vkneh dk lkFk cuk jgkA cPps Hkh gq,A fQj ,d fnu mldk vkuk&tkuk #d x;kA ;gka dbZ vkSjrksa ds thou&izlax feyrs&tqyrs ls gSaA mÙkj yxHkx ,d lk feykA yxk fd gekjs lkFk ,slk ugha gksxk--- dksbZ fuHkkus okyk fey tk,xkA ftl ij rkmez Hkjkslk fd;k tk lds! ,d pkg] ,dr`".kk] reUuk] tks ih<+h&nj&ih<+h ,d gh vuqHko] ,d gh vkg rd [khap ys xbZA ;g ijEijk gS] O;ogkj vkSj jok;r dk fgLlk] lks lgt visf{kr] blesa ihM+k dSlh] yach vk'kk D;ksadj] ,d ifjikVh gS tks pyh vk jgh gSA fcuk fopkjs] ;fn dksbZ bls ^vknru* Hkh dg tk,] rks cqjk D;k ekuuk!

vkf[k+j ;g L=kh Lora=k gS] ?kj mlds fu;a=k.k esa gSA ;g vyx ckr gS fd fu;af=kr djus ds fy, mlds ikl vDlj cgqr dqN gksrk ughaA

gka] cPps vo'; gSa vkSj muds fy, eka ghvk/kkj gSA iq#"k ds fy, tks 'kxy] ;k fny cgyko gS] ogh L=kh ds thou dh /kqjh cu tkrk gSA nw/k] jksVh] diM+k] I;kj] MkaV&ekj] larku dkslc eka ls izkIr gksrk gSA firk dh xS+j ekStwnxh gh mldk vkHkkl gSA gka] nks ds LFkku ij ,dgh vfHkHkkod dk gksuk] cPpksa ds fy, dqN dfBukbZ iSnk dj ldrk gSA eka dh ca/kh ukSdjh ;k vkenuh rks gS ugha] dk;ZØe feyus ij fuHkZj gS vxys oD+r dk [kkukA dHkh nwj xkao esa 'kknh C;kg] ;k dLcs

¦

¦

iwNk tk ldrk gS] fd D;ksa ,slk gksus fn;k

vius lkFk\ igys laHky tkrh--- ij lkr

Hkaofj;ka ugha yha rks D;k] laca/k dk Hkaoj

de my>u Hkjk rks ugha\


esa uojkf=k dk esyk ;k ukSVadh dk eap] og dgha ds fy, u ugha dgrhA ihNs] cPps dbZ ckj vdsys jgrs gSaA vkl&iM+ksl dHkh dqN f[kyk nsrk gS] dHkh dUuh dkV tkrk gSA firk dk dHkh dHkkj vkuk o iwjh fu"Bk ls ifjokj dk lnL; u gksuk] cPpksa ds fy, vthc ifjfLFkfr dj nsrk gSA

^tSls esjh lgsfy;ksa ds firk muds lkFk jgrs gSa] eSa pkgrh gwa fd esjs firk Hkh gekjs lkFk jgsaA* X;kjg o"khZ; ckfydk dh NksVh fdarq vlaHko bPNk gSA

firk dk viuk lalkj gSA ?kj] C;kgrk vkSj oS/k larku] [ksr] tgka ls dHkh nks&,d cksjh vukt vk tkrk gS] edku o vU; laifÙk] ftlesa bu cPpksa ds fy, dqN ughaA d+kuwu esa ,slk izko/kku gS fd ftlls fgLlk fey ldrk gSA nks efgykvksa us cryk;k fd mUgksaus dksf'k'k dh FkhA ,d dk dsl 10&12 lky ls vnkyr esa gSA nwljs mnkgj.k esa QS+lyk efgyk ds i{k esa x;kA fdarq foMacuk ;g gS fd ifr ds oS/k iq=kksa us ml edku ij ls dCt+k ugha NksM+k] lks gkj dj efgyk us mUgsa gh lLrs nkeksa ij og csp MkykA

leqnk; esa d+kuwu ij gh D;k ckgjh lekt ij fo'okl de gSA nwljs] firk ls HkkoukRed laca/k gh ugha cu ikrk rks vf/kdkj dSls eglwl gksA ^,d ckj geus vius yM+ds dks ihV fn;k*] eka crkrh gS] lks :Bdj cksyk fd ^vc ;gka ugha jgsaxsA ikik ds ikl tk,axsA eSaus dg fn;k] ^tkvks*A ykSVdj vk;k rks psgjk mrjk gqvkA jax&<ax ns[k vk;k le> x;kA cksyk] ôgka lc dqN gS] ij gekjs fy, dqN ughaA*

tks [kkyhiu cu tkrk gS] mls nwljh rjg dh fnyklk dHkh&dHkh Hkj nsrh gSA ,d uo;qod us dgk] ^tc dksbZ dgrk gS fd esjh 'kDy esjs firk ls feyrh gS] rks eq>s vPNk yxrk gSA D;ksafd blls ;g izekf.kr gksrk gS fd eSa mudk csVk gwaA* ^psgjk* & ;kfu ,slh fu'kkuh ftls nsuk cl esa ugha Fkk] u NhuukA ,d iq#"k dh viuh ;kSfudrk ds izfr xS+j&ft+Eesnkjh dk cks> mldh larku 1⁄4L=kh ds lkFk1⁄2 ds da/kksa ij vk fxjrk gSA mUgsa yxrk gS fd dqN gS ftls fNikuk pkfg,] tks fdlh dks Kkr u gks tk,A êsjs nksLr ugha tkurs fd eSa dkSu gwaA* ,d us dgkA nwljs us crk;k fd] û eSa fdlh dks vius ?kj cqykrk gwa u fdlh ds ;gka vkrk&tkrk gwaA* eq[;/kkjk ls FkksM+k&cgqr feyrs t+:j gSa] fdarq dVs&dVs lsA

îgys] Ldwy esa nkf[kyk fnyokrs gq, Hkh drjkrs Fks] vc tc ls ;g gqvk fd eka dk uke dkQ+h gS] rks dqN jkgr feyh*] ,slk eka dk dguk gSA

fdarq cPpksa dh my>u blls de ugha gksrhA ,d ekurk gS fd êka dk uke bLrseky djuk xoZ dh ckr gS*] fdarq nwljk vlger gSA ;fn vU; tkfr

ds cPps Hkh viuh eka dk uke fy[krs] rks Bhd Fkk & gesa Hkh fy[krs gq, vPNk yxrkA ij tc lc ,slk ugh djrs rks yxrk gS gekjs ;gka dqN x+yr gSA* og viokn ugha lkekU; gksuk pkgrk gSA ;kuh fHkUurk dks dgha dksus esa [kM+s jgus dh vuqefr ns nh tk,] ;g dkQ+h ughaA egÙoiw.kZ ;g gS fd mls fdl nf"V ls vkadk tk jgk gS] fdruk vknj vkSj dSlk ntkZ fn;k tk jgk gSA

¦

¦

O;oLFkk viuh dfFkr uSfrdrk

dk ik[kaM rks NksM+rh ugha] lks cPps

mlds ?ksjs esa dlelkrs gSaA


fHkUurk vkSj fof'k"Vrk dks xq.k ekuk tk ldrk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, xksjk jax Js"B gSA fdarq fof'k"Vrk ;fn mlesa gS] ftls ge det+ksj ekuuk pkgrs gSa] rks ogh mlds migkl dk dkj.k cu tkrh gSA L=kh vdsys ?kj lEgkyrh gS bls ,d [kwch dh rjg ns[kk tk ldrk gSA fdarq mlds vklikl dksbZ ;g ugha dgrkA Ldwy] v/;kid ;k vU; Nk=k ;g rd ugha ns[k ikrs fd mlds cPpksa dk Ldwy vkuk fdruk cM+k d+ne gSA os nqxus mRlkg ls mUgsa ^jaMh dh vkSykn* ;k ,slk dqN dg dj mYVs ikao okfil Hkstus dks rRij jgrs gSaA ekLVj ds O;ogkj ls rax vkdj] ,d yM+dk jsy esa p<+ x;k] ikl esa u fVdV u pkykdh lks idM+k x;kA gokykr vkSj ogka ls tsy igqapk fn;k x;kA cgjgkyvf/kdka'k cPps i<+kbZ tkjh j[kus dk iz;kl djrs gSaA cgqr ckj uke ds vkxs dk fjDr LFkku Hkjrs gq, mudh d+ye Bgj tkrh gSA ifjp;&fdruk\

^esjs firk vius uke ds vkxs flag fy[krs gSaA gekjh tkfr dqN vkSj gSA ij eSa dqN ugha yxkrh] flQ+Z viuk ukeA* ckjg rsjg lky dh cPph crykrh gSA

^igys eSa tkfr fy[krh FkhA vc NksM+ fn;k gSA* baVj esa i<+ jgh ,d Nk=kk us crk;k] ^gkykafd lc yksx #"V gSa] D;ksafd othQ+k ugha feysxkA*

^viuh tkfr fy[kus ls othQ+k feyrk gS blfy, eSaus fy[kk gS] ij dsoy Ldwy ds fjdkMZ esaA dkih ij ugha fy[krh---* ,d vkSj us dgkA

,d vksj tkfr dk LFkku nwljh vksj vko';drk---A

tkfr izek.k i=k }kjk ykHkkfUor gksus dh laHkkouk gS] blls badkj ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;g ,d ,slk nLrkost+ gS tks dqN vf/kdkj fuf'pr djrk gSA Ldwy] dkWyst] ukSdjh] cSad yksu] pquko vFkok vU; dbZ vkjf{kr {ks=k gSa tgka bls dke esa yk;k tk ldrk gSA fQ+j tc ckd+h lqfo/kk,a de gksa rc bldk gksuk ,d rjg ls vko';d gks x;k gSA blfy, vkSjrksa us dbZ txg bls cuokus dk Hkjld iz;kl fd;k gSA vc ;fn bl ij fookn fNM+ x;k] rks lkyksa dh esgur <g tk,xhA,d lw=k ftls Fkkek Fkk] NwV tk,xk D;ksafdukStokuksa dk ,slk xqV tks vuqlwfpr tkfr]tutkfr ds vk/kkj ij dgha&dgha lqj{kk ovkj{k.k izkIr dj ldrk Fkk] mls bl Js.kh ls

vyx dj fn;k tk,xkA

fcjknjh esa dqN yksx izlUu gSaA tks igpku cks> leku gS] mlls NqVdkjk ikuk gh mfpr gSA vkSj dqN gks u gks] de ls de pkj yksxksa ds chp bT+t+r ls mB cSB

rks ldsaxsA fe=k eaMyh ds fy, vkoj.k ;k mlls vf/kd&ifjHkkf"kr ls ckgj vkus dh jkgr\ thou dk leku Lrj] mlds }kjk vftZr dh xbZ laink\ ;k fir`Ro dsoy /kkj.kk ek=k gSA tks bu lcls oafpr gksus ij Hkh flQZ+ mldk BIik i;kZIr gSA Hkys gh mlds fy, vc rd dk vk/kkj vkSj mlls cuh laHkkoukvksa ls gkFk /kksuk iM+ tk,] ;fn bruk gh ot+u gS firk ds uke esa] rks] fQj mls viuh larku ds fy, dqN djus dh vko';drk gh D;k gS! ,sls esa ifjfLFkfr dk lR; vkSj mldk LoIuftudk viuk vkSfpR; gS] dgha [kks u tk,! ¦

,d ;qod us dgk] firk dk uke esjk

vf/kdkj gSA* ij dsoy uke\ /kke]

nke] dke xzke D;ks ugha\ firk dk

Lusg] ykyu&ikyu\ mlds ifjokj

ds vU; lnL;ksa dk lax lkFk laLdkj o

ijofj'k\ vknjHkko\

¦

¦


lekt vkSjrksa dks nks fgLlksa esa ckaVrk gSA vPNh lekt vkSjrksa dks nks fgLlksa esa ckaVrk gSA vPNh lektvkSjr] cqjh vkSjr] ifrozrk ;k ifrrkA ßifrozrkÞ vkSj ßvPNhÞ vkSjr dks ges'kk cqjh vkSjr ls nwj jgus dh lh[k nh tkrh gSA iq#"k dh nklrk essa ?kksVh xbZ ifo=krk dk ikyu djus dh f'k{kk nh tkrh gSA vPNh vkSjr ds fy, iq#"k ;kfu ifr dh ;kSfud nklrk Lohdkj djuk igyk /keZ gSA

blh lksp ds pyrs lfn;ksa ls lekt esa iRuh vkSj uxjo/kq tSls izpyu jgs gSaA iRuh ,d vPNh] ifo=k vkSjr dk :iA uxjo/kq ,d lkekftd Hkksx dh pht+A nksuksa gh 'kknh dh lksp esa xaqFks gSaA o/kq ,d ifjokj@,d iq#"k dh gksrh gS vkSj uxjo/kq iwjs uxj dh o/kq gksrh gSA nksuksa dh gh fu;fr esa iq#"k dh gj ;kSfud bPNk dks iwjk djuk vkSjr dk drZO; gksrk gSA ,d dks lekt tk;t+ Bgjkrk gSA nwljh dks uktk;t+ vkSj vifo=k] ij ftldks lekt dh ,d ekSu LohÑfr feyh gksrh gSA

'kknh ds fj'rs ls ckgj ;kSudeZ djus okyh vkSjrksa ds fy, lekt us cgqr lh xkfy;ksa vkSj vi'kCnksa dks x<+k gSA buesa fdlh gn rd lEekfur lk ,d 'kCn uxjo/kq gSA ;g 'kCn ;kSudehZ efgyk dks ,d O;olkf;d igpku nsrk gSA ftls lqudj tku iM+rk gS fd dHkh ckS)dky esa ;kSudehZ efgykvksa dks ,d lkekftd igpku vkSj O;olkf;d lEeku izkIr FkkA ,sl gh dqN 'kCnksa esa ^os';k* Hkh ,d 'kCn gSA os'; ls os';k 'kCn cukA ;g O;olk; djus okyh L=kh ds fy, iz;ksx gksrk Fkk] fdarq vkt ;g ,d xkyh cudj gh jg x;k gSA

;g vthc foMEcuk gS fd vius gh r;'kqnk <kapksa ds ckgj ;kSfud pkgr j[kus okys iq#"k bu efgykvksa rd vkrs gSaA blls bu iq#"kksa ds lEeku vkSj Js"Brk esa dksbZ varj ugha vkrkA fdarq ml ;kSu bPNk dh O;olkf;d iwfrZ djus okyh L=kh uhp vkSj ghu cuk nh tkrh gSA mlds fy,

laokn

D;k ckr flQZ ;kSfud vkT+kknh dh gS\lquhrk Bkdqj

D;k ckr flQZ ;kSfud vkT+kknh dh gS\+D;k ckr flQZ ;kSfud vkT+kknh dh gS\


lekt esa dksbZ txg ughaA og lekt ds nk;jksa ls ckgj gh jgrh vkbZ gSA exj lekt ds gkf'k, ij [kM+h jgus okyh bu uxjo/kqvksa ij lekt ds nk;jksa esa gj ckj ppkZ gksrh jgrh gSA

os yxkrkj lekt dh uSfrdrk dks pqukSrh nsrh ut+j vkrh gSaA dHkh ckj Mkalj ds ekStwnk fooknksa ds :i esa rks dHkh lkfgR; vkSj ehfM;k dh xaHkhj ppkZvksa ds }kjkA rks dHkh euksjatu ds fQ+Yeh lk/kuksa ds ekQ+ZrA ;ksa bu uxjo/kqvksa dh lekt] jkT;] jktuhfr] jktusrkvksa vkSj jktuSfrd j.kuhfr;ksa esa lnk ls gh vge~ Hkwfedk jgh gSA

fganh fQ+Yeksa esa bu uxjo/kqvksa dks dsanz esa j[kdj vyx vyx lkekftd cglksa dks lekt ds lkeus j[kk x;kA tgka izkphu nkSj esa fp=kys[kk tSlh fQYesa Hkksx foykl vkSj lU;kl ds chp lkalkfjdrk dks lgt Lohdkj djrs gq, thou thus dk lans'k nsrh gSa] ekuoh; deZ dks Js"B Bgjkrh gSaA ogha oS'kkyh dh uxjo/kq tSlh fQ+Yeksa us ;kSu nklrk dks pqukSrh nh gSA ukjh dks ghu le>s tkus ds f[k+ykQ+ vkokt+ mBkbZ gSA Hkksx dk :i le>h tkus okyh L=kh dh vk/;kfRed 'kfDr dk ifjp; fn;k gSA ikdht++k tSlh fQ+Yeksa us lekt ds nksgjs ekunaMksa dks pqukSrh nh gSA os ekunaM tks ,d vksj rks rok;Q+ksa dks Hkksx foykl ds fy, bLrseky djrs gSa vkSj nwljh vksj mUgsa uSfrdrk dk ikB i<+kdj lekt ds nk;jksa ls ckgj misf{kr vkSj viekfur thou thus dks etcwj djrs gSaA

fganh flusek esa bl fo"k; dks Q+ksdl djus okyh cgqr T+;knk fQ+Yesa rks ugha gSa exj tks Hkh fQ+Yesa bl fo"k; ij cuha mUgksaus fo"k; dh n`f"V ls

viuh vyx igpku NksM+h gSA ,slh gh dqN fQ+Yeksa esa mejko tku] ckt+kj] eaMh] vFkZ vkSj Hkwfedk tSlh fQ+Yeksa ds uke ;kn vkrs gSaA ;s fQ+Yesa ,slh vkSjrksa dh dgkuh gaS tks rFkkdfFkr vPNs [kkunku esa iSnk gksrh gaSA exj gkykr mUgsas ml txg igqapk nsrs gSa tgka yM+fd;ka 'kk;jh] xk;dh vkSj fcxM+s jbZlt+knksa dh fnytksbZ ds fy, ijkslh tkrh gSaA bu dgkfu;ksa esa vkSjr dh viuh ;kSu bPNk] lkFkh pquus u pquus dh et+hZ] mlls tqM+h Hkkouk,a vkSj rdyhQ+ksa dks Q+ksdl esa j[kk x;k gSA loky ckj ckj ogha vxj lekt ds bT+t+nkj yksx ge rd vk ldrs gSa rks gekjs lkFk vius fj'rs dks igpku D;ksa ugha ns ldrs\ gesa lekt esa tk;t+ igpku vkSj lEeku D;ksa ugha fey ldrk\

,slh gh dqN fQ+Yeksa esa eerk] egcwc dh easgnh tSlh fQ+Yesa Hkh gSa tks ;kSu dehZ eka dh dgkuh gaSA ;s fQ+Ye is'ksoj eka }kjk viuh csVh dks lEekfur thou vkSj igpku fnykus ds fy, la?k"kZ dh dFkk dgrh gSaA lkFk gh mUgsa firk dh igpku vkSj lkekftd lEeku fnykus dk nkok djrh gSaA buesa vFkZ vkSj Hkwfedk oSokfgd fj'rksa ls ckgj ;kSu laca/kksa dh lkekftd O;k[;k djrh tku iM+rh gSaA 'kknh ls ckgj thus okyh] viuh ;kSfud vkt+knh ds lkFk th jgh vkSjrksa dks lekt dÙkbZ Lohdkj ugha djrkA u gh ,sls laca/k dks tks r;'kqnk lkekftd <kapksa ls badkj djrs gSaA rc buesa thus dh bPNk vkSj ladYi L=kh gks ;k iq#"k nksuksa ds fy, ,d lt+k cuk fn;k tkrk gSA reke lt+kvksa ds ckotwn ;s fQ+Yesa viuh ;kSfud vkt+knh vkSj fu.kZ; dks


d+k;e j[krh gSaA lekt ds nfd;kuwlh nk;jksa dks lyhc ij Vkaxrs gq,A

nwljh vksj rok;Q+ tSlh fQ+Yesa ,d lq/kkjokn dk ikB nsrh gSaA ;kSudehZ efgyk dk lkekftd m)kj djrh ut+j vkrh gSaA mUgsa 'kknh ds ca/ku esa cka/krh ut+j vkrh gaSA ;g lq/kkjokn fQ+Yeh txr ds e/;;qx dh ;kn fnykrh gSa tc lkekftd igpku vkSj lEeku dk eryc flQ+Z 'kknh ls FkkA ;kSudehZ efgyk ls vius laca/k dks d+k;e j[kus dk ,d mik; ;g ^ifrrk m)kj lHkk* czkaM rjhd+k FkkA bl rjg 'kknh ls ckgj ;k fd Hkhrj&nksuksa gh lwjrksa esa iq#"k dh ;kSfud bPNk iwfrZ L=kh dh fdLer cuk fn;k x;kA og pkgs ;k u pkgs ml iq#"k ds lkFk ;kSfud laca/k j[kus ds fy, mls 'kknh vkSj mlls tqM+s reke lkekftd nkf;Roksa dks vks<+uk gh gksxkA ;gh rj+hdk gS& ;k rks lekt ls ckgj jgks ;k fQj lekt ds Hkhrj&chp dk dksbZ jkLrk L=kh iq#"k ;kSfud lac/kksa ds fy, ugha gSA

,d vkSj igyw gSA xkSj ls ns[kk tk, rks ;kSudeZ ij cuh ;s lHkh fQ+Yesa iwjh dh iwjh ;kSfud ft+Eesnkjh iq#"k ij lkSairh gSaA ;g rqEgkjk cuk;k lekt gS] rqEgkjs ekunaM gSa] rqEgkjh x<+h gqbZ iziapuk gS] rqEgkjs gh vR;kpkjksa dk ifj.kke Hkksxrh ge lekt ds bl nksgjs thou dks thus ij etcwj gSaA rqe ge rd vk ldrs gks rks ge rd vkus dh [kqyh igpku vkSj LohÑfr Hkh nksA dgks fd rqe ge rd vkrs gksA rqEgkjs gh lalxZ ls iSnk gekjh larkuksa dks lekt gjke] ;k fd os';k dh vkSykn dgs ;g ge D;ksa cnkZ'r djsa] gjfxt+ ughaA

fQ+Yeksa dk ;g loky] fQ+Yeksa dh ;g gqadkj ;kSu dfeZ;ksa ds thou esa igys mBh ;k fQ+Yeksa

esa ;g dguk dfBu gSA exj lp ;gh gS fd vkt efgyk vkanksyu gSa tks ;kSu deZ dks ,d O;olk; dh igpku nsrk gSA mls lekt dk LohÑr O;olk; Bgjk, tkus fy, la?k"kZjr~ gSA tks [kqysvke Lohdkj djrk gS fd ;kSudeZ,d O;olk; gSA bls pykus esa cjkcjh dhHkkxnkjh fuHkkus okys lekt ds rFkkdfFkrBsdsnkjksa dks bls lkekftd ekU;rk nsuh gh gksxh pkgs lkekftd laca/k ds :i esa] pkgs O;olk; ds :i esaA

bl rjg fganh flusek esa viuh ;kSfud vkt+knh dk loky [kM+k djrh vkSjr vyx vyx :iksa esa fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA dHkh og misf{kr] ykpkj] cspkjxh vkSj ifrrk okyh Nfo esa ut+j vkrh gSA dHkh bl Nfo ij loky [kM+s djrh] vius vkSj vius cPpksa ds gd+ o igpku ds fy, yM+rh ut+j vkrh gSA dHkh lkekftd laca/kksa ds nksgjs :i ls nkspkj gksrh gSA dHkh vius gkykr] O;olk; vkSj lkekftd lp ds lkFk [kqíkj :i esa ut+j vkrh g]S tks csckd gS] fuMj gS] vius dke esa bZekunkj vkSj Li"V gSA ftls lekt ds uSfrd cks> ls dksbZ yxko ugha gSA

pesyh tSlh fQ+Yeksa esa og viuh nqfu;k esa vkus okys enksaZ dks [kqysvke pqukSrh nsrh gS& ^vkvks fd ftruh bZekunkjh ls eSa vius dke@igpkuds lkFk [kM+h gaw] fgEer gS rks mruh ghbZekunkjh ls rqe Hkh esjs lkeus vkvksA* ;kfu lekt fQ+Ye dk gks ;k fd okLrfod&gj txg vkSjr dk lp vkSj la?k"kZ ,d lk gh gSA viuh ;kSfud vkt+knh dh ekax djrk vkSj lekt ds nksgjs ;kSfud ekunaMksa dks dV?kjs esa [kM+k djrkA ¦


ykWl ,uftyhl ds fQ+Ye egksRlo ds nkSjku ppkZ esa vkbZ fQ+Ye ßÜk`axkje~ & n MkUl vkWQ+ yoÞ vkSjr ds ut+fj, ls lkekftd o tsaMj laca/kh eqíksa dksmtkxj djrh gSA n'kZdksa dks bl fQ+Ye esa lu~1920 esa rfeyukMq dh izpfyr nsonkfl;ksa ;kfueafnj esa u`R; djus okyh urZfd;ksa ds lkekftd] HkkoukRed vkSj :gkuh igyqvksa dh >yd ns[kus dks feyrh gSA

dgkuh dqN bl izdkj gS & e/kqjk ,d nsonklh gS] viuh bPNk ls ugha cfYd tUe lsA viuh eka dh rjg e/kqjk dks u flQZ+ ,d nsonklh cuuk Lohdkjuk iM+k cfYd mlus fojklr esa ik;k ml uxj ds t+ehankj fejklq dh ^tk;t lEifÙk* dk ntkZA fejklq dk e/kqjk ds ru ij dCt+k gS ftlds cnys esa eka&csVh dks feyrh gS] vPNs xgus&diM+ksa vkSj ,s'kks vkjke ls laiUu ft+anxhA ij e/kqjk ij ft+Eesnkjh gS fd og fejklq dks vius :i ds tky vkSj dkeqdrk ls cka/ks j[ksA ftruk vuqjkx e/kqjk dks viuh [kwclwjrh ls gS mruh gh pkgr mls viuh u`R; dyk ls Hkh gSA 'kkjhfjd lq[k vkSj u`R; nksuksa ds izfr mlds

HkkoukRed vglkl bl dnj xgjs gSa fd mldh eka Hkh dgrh gSa fd ßvkReh;rk ls mlds psgjs ij ,d vykSfdd rst ut+j vkrk gSAÞ

bl fQ+Ye ds ek/;e ls funsZf'kdk us ,d vkSjr ds vglklksa dk fp=k.k djus dk iz;kl fd;k gSA fQ+Ye esa fn[kk;k x;k gS fd ;g vkSjr dSls vius tUe ds QyLo:i] fojklr esa ik, gkykrksa vkSj lekt ls fdl izdkj tw>rh gSA og ,d dykdkj] ,d u`R;kaxuk cuus dk jkLrk D;ksa o dSls pqurh gS\ vkSj bl lQ+j esa vius ukjhRo dks dSls VVksyrh vkSj [kkstrh gSA nsonklh 'kkL=kh; u`R; o laxhr dh dyk dks latksdj j[kus okyk

Ük`axkje~tqgh tSu

fQ+Ye leh{kk

,d u`R;kaxuk ds fy, u`R; ru] eu vkSj dYiuk ds ek/;e ls vius

vfLrRo dks [kkstus dk iz;kl gSA

fp=k

lkHkkj

% ni

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dkneh v

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,d ek/;e gSA bl fQ+Ye esa e/kqjk ds fdjnkj ds t+fj, ,d urZdh vkSj bZ'oj ds chp ds

ij esjs fy, ukjhokn ds ek;us dqN vyx FksA ukjhokn esjs fy, ,d [kq'kxokj] HkkoukRed] jksekapd vkSj lkSUn;Zcks/k vglkl gSA eq>s bl ckr dk Hkh vQ+lksl Fkk fd lfØ; ,D'ku] la?k"kZ fuiVkjk] tSls 'kCnksa dks gn ls T+;knk egRo fn;k tk jgk Fkk] tcfd yksxksa dh ft+Unxh ds vla[; tT+ckrh] ekuoh; igyqvksa ij dksbZ ckr Hkh ugha dh tkrhA eSaus ;g Hkheglwl fd;k Fkk fd lekt 'kkfL=k;ksa] oSKkfudksa]fparu 'kkfL=k;ksa dks dyk o laLÑfr esa T+;knk

fnypLih ugha FkhA bl cks> rys eSaus bjknk fd;k fd veuiafFk;ksa] ukjhokfn;ksa dks niZ.k ds nwljs :i ls ifjfpr djkÅaA bl :i esa xkf;dk,a] uR;kaxuk,a] ysf[kdk,a FkhaA ftudk ukjhokn mudh

dyk esa clrk Fkk] ftuds fy, veu ,d :gkuh lqdwu Fkk rFkk laLÑfr dk vFkZ

Fkk izÑfr ls vVwV fj'rkA vkSjr dh dykRed vfHkO;fDr;ksa] mlds ekuoh; ewY;ksa dks mtkxj djuk esjs fy, ,d pqukSrhiw.kZ fo"k; FkkA

viuh fQ+Ye ds fy, eSaus ,d lkS o"kZ dh nsonklh rFkk rfeyukMq esa jgus okyh ,d nwljh nsonklh ls ckrphr dhA varr% Ük`axkje rS;kj gks xbZAÞ

fQ+Ye dh vPNkbZ;ka ns[ksa rks ,d csgn laosnu'khy o ltho fp=k.k fQ+Ye dh rkd+r gSA fQ+Ye ukjhRo o ukjhokn ds is'kksis'k ds lkFk&lkFk izse ds 'kkjhfjd] HkkoukRed o :gkuh igyqvksa dks cM+h uehZ ls VVksyrh gSA ;kSfudrk ij fu;a=k.k rFkk /keZ o ijEijk dh vkM+ esa 'kks"k.k ds loky dks fQ+Ye c[kwch mBkrh gSA fQ+Ye esa dukZVd laxhr o HkjrukV~;e u`R; 'kSyh dk csgrjhu laxe gSA

eRL; dU;k

dykRed fj'rs dks fn[kkus dh dksf'k'kdh xbZ gSA

ukjhokn esjs fy, ,d [kq'kxokj] HkkoukRed] jksekapd vkSj lkSUn;Zcks/k vglkl gSA eq>s bl ckr dk Hkh vQ+lksl Fkk fd lfØ; ,D'ku] la?k"kZ fuiVkjk] tSls 'kCnksa dks gn ls T+;knk egRo fn;k tk jgk Fkk] tcfd yksxksa dh ft+Unxh ds vla[; tT+ckrh] ekuoh; igyqvksa ij dksbZ ckr Hkh ugha dh tkrhA eSaus ;g Hkheglwl fd;k Fkk fd lekt 'kkfL=k;ksa] oSKkfudksa]fparu 'kkfL=k;ksa dks dyk o laLÑfr esa T+;knk

fnypLih ugha FkhA bl cks> rys eSaus bjknk

rks fQj bl fQ+Ye esa D;k [k+kl gS\ bl fQ+Ye dks cukus ds ihNs funsZf'kdk dh D;k lksp gS\ funsZf'kdk 'kkjnk jkekukFku crkrh gSa ßÜkaxkje~ dks rks vkf[kjdkj cuuk gh FkkA pkj o"kZ igys eSaus fQ+Ye funsZ'ku ds ckjs esa lkspk rd ugha FkkA fQj rfey laLÑfr ij fQ+Ye rks cgqr nwj dh ckr gSA ij ,d 'kke eSa vius fe=k ds lkFk ikafMpsjh&psUubZ gkbos ls ukjhokn ij ,d lsfeukj esa fgLlk ysdj ykSV jgh FkhA ftruk eSa lsfeukj esa mBk, fo"k;ksa ds ckjs esa lksprh mruk eq>s ;dhu gksrk tkrk fd vkt ds nkSj dk ukjhokn ,d xaHkhj] ekufld fparu rd lhfer gks x;k gSA tc rd cykRdkj tSls laxhu tqeZ gksrs jgsaxs ukjhokn ds dsanz esa xaHkhjrk vkSj grk'kk ut+j vkrh jgsxhA

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,d nsonklh dk dyk izse] mldh igpku ds loky rFkk vius vfLrRo dh [kkst dk ltho fp=k.k blesa ns[kus dks feyrk gSA

ijEijk cgl dk ,d egRoiw.kZ fo"k; gS tgka laLÑfr vkSj jktuhfr dk xBca/ku lkekftd jhfr fjokt] vkSjr dh lqanjrk ds fp=k.k o vU;k; o 'kks"k.k ds ek/;e ls m?kkM+k tkrk gSA dqN ,slk gh bl fQ+Ye esa ns[kus dks feyrk gSA ij fQ+Ye ds dqN igyw gSa ftUgsa ut+jvankt+ fd;k x;k gSA igyk & iq#"k laj{k.k ds ,ot esa vkSjr ds 'kjhj dk bLrseky [kkldj tc ijEijk,a bls oS/k djkj nsrh gSa] D;k okLro esa ,d U;k;iw.kZ vknku&iznku gS\ nwljk &fQ+Ye esa fejklq dh iRuh ,d l'kDr vkSjr gS ij fQj Hkh og vius ifr ds ,d nsonklh ds lkFk laca/k dks ewd LohÑfr

nsrh gSA bl /kkj.kk ds ihNs vkSjr dh ;kSfudrk dh ,d nfd;kuwlh Nfo is'k dh xbZ gSA ,d vPNh dqyhu iRuh] nwljh vkSjr dh rqyuk esa vius ifr dks vkReh;rk vkSj ;kSu lq[k ugha ns ldrhA blds ckn vius vf/kdkjksa dk bLrseky djrs gq, fejklq dh iRuh dk vius ifr dks 'kgj NksM+ nsus ds fy, etcwj djuk rFkk mldh csoQkbZ ij loky mBkuk FkksM+k vfo'oluh; yxrk gSA

gkykafd ;g ,d dkyt;h fQ+Ye gS] fQj Hkh t+sgu esa dqN loky dkSa/krs gSa & vU;k;h lkekftd ijEijkvksa dks pqukSrh nsus ds fy, vkSjrsa ges'kk lkeus jgh gSaA ij D;k dsoy fojks/k djuk dkQ+h gS\ fojks/k dk var tc fouk'k dh vksj ys tk, rks D;k bl fojks/k dk xq.kxku djuk lgh gS\ ¦

cksyks rqe D;k pqi cSBksxs\lq/kk pkSgku

dfork

. . . /kjrh dk Ük`axkj fd, Fkh]tks gfj;kyh] oks lc taxy isM+ iqjkus]

vkfn dky ls [kM+s gq, tks]

feV tk,axs feV tk,xh nqfu;k esjh]

Mwcsxh ;s I;kjh /kjrh

Ekj tk,axs ou ds izk.kh]

[kks tk,xh unh ueZnk

ckrsa nq[k dh] vkSj dgwa D;k

ij rqe lc D;k pqi cSBksxs

jph clh viuh nqfu;k dks

csnnhZ va/ks yksxksa ds

gkFkksa VqdM+s gksus nksxs\

cksyks rqe D;k pqi cSBksxs]

pqi cSBksxs] pqi cSBksxs . . .


efgyk lkfgR; esa vkSjrksa ds xhrksa dk ,d fo'ks"k efgyk lkfgR; esa vkSjrksa ds xhrksa dk ,d fo'ks"k efgykLFkku gSA buesa ckS) fHk{kqf.k;ksa ds NBh 'krkCnh esa jps xhr ßFksjh xkFkkÞ dk viuk ,d vyx egRo gSA bu xhrksa dh jpuk djus okyh ^Fksjh*] ;kfu fHk{kq.kh xkSre cq) dh ledkyhu FkhaA bu xhrksa esa xkSre cq) ds thou n'kZu ij vey djds viuh jkst+ejkZ dh ft+anxh dh rdyhQ+ksa ls eqfDr ikus dh nkLrkusa gSaA ij blds vykok bu xhrksa esa ckS) fHk{kqf.k;ka vius eu ds Hkhrj fNih ijs'kkfu;ka] mnklh vkSj xkBksa dks Hkh dgkfu;ka c;ku djrh gSaA

Fksjh xkFkk ds lkFk gh gesa ßijeÙk nhik.khÞ tks Fksfj;kas ds thou rFkk muds xhrksa ij ,d leh{kk djus okyk nLrkost+ gS Hkh feyrk gSA blesa ekStwn thofu;ka Fksfj;ka ds fiNys tUe vkRek ds lQ+j rFkk eks{k izkfIr dh dFkk dgrh gSaA pwafd ^Fksjh XkkFkk* esa ntZ xhr vLlhoha 'krkCnh esa fy[ks x;s blfy, vuqeku yxk;k tkrk gS fd bu xhrksa esa

le; ds lkFk&lkFk ifjorZru gq, gSaA bl izfØ;k ls xhrksa dh /ofu] jpukoyh] jaxr o o.kZu esa ml nkSj dh efgykvksa dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks /;ku esa j[kdj cnyko fd;s x;s gksaxsA Bhd blh izdkj dk Qsjcny thofu;ksa esa fd;k x;k gksxk ftUgsa ikapoh lnh esa fy[kk x;k FkkA

ckS) /keZ us mÙkjh fcgkj esa tUe fy;kA jkT; ds x.krU=kksa esa jgus okyh turk [ksrh o i'kqikyu ij fuHkZj FkhA 'kgjh ft+anxh vkSj O;kikj ds fdLls bl ckr dk ladsr nsrs gSa fd dk'rdkjksa] fdlkuksa ds ekyh gkykr vPNs FksA blh ekgkSy esa tSu o ckS) /keksZa dh mRifÙk gqbZA 'kgj&'kgj esa Qsjh yxkus okys lar&Qdhj ijEijkxr /kkj.kkvksa dks pqukSrh nsdj ØkfUrdkjh fopkjksa dks izpkj dj jgs FksA cq) ds vuq;kf;;ksa esa fookfgr o dqaokjh yM+fd;ka Hkh 'kkfey FkhaA buesa 'kgjh yM+fd;ka Hkh ftuesa oS'kkyh dh uxjo/kq vkezikyh Hkh Fkha tks ckn esa pydj ckS) fHk{kq.kh cu xbZ FkhA

,d fopkj/kkjk ds rkSj ij ckS) /keZ osnksa ij izpfyr jhfr fjokt] czkã.kksa ds /kkfeZd o lkekftd lÙkk dk fojks/kh FkkA lPpkbZ vuqHko ds vk/kkj ij vkadh tkuh pkfg,] egt+ lquh&lqukbZ ckrksa ij vk/kkfjr ugha gksuh pkfg,A blh lksp ds urht+ru Fksjh xhrksa ds cksyksa esa vuqHkoksa dh xgjkbZ ns[kus dks feyrh gSA bu xhrksa esa eB esa

Fksjh xkFkkckS) fHk{kqf.k;ksa ds xhr

tqgh tSu

ys[k

eSa vkt eqDr gwa---eSa vkt eqDr gwa---e

rhu rqPN pht+ksa ls

vks[kyh vkSj ewly ls

vius ifr o Lokeh ls

tUe ls e`R;q ls

vkSj tx ds gj ca/ku ls

eSa vkt vkt+kn gwaeSa vkt vkt+kn gwaeSa vkt vk


'kkfey gksus okyh vkSjrksa ds O;fDrxr thou ds dqN [kkl vuqHko Hkh c;ku fd, x, gSaA bu vkSjrksa esa vehj ?kjkus dh fL=k;ka] u`rfd;ka] fdlku vkSjrsa vkfn lHkh 'kkfey gSaA dkQ+h xhrksa esa vkSjrksa ds o.kZ o ySafxd HksnHkko dk Hkh fp=k.k gSA vU; xhr /keZ dh vkykspuk djrs gSa] ml /keZ dh ftlesa O;fDrxr ihM+k vkSj pkgr ds fy, dksbZ txg ugha gSA

gkykafd cq) us ekuk fd L=kh vkSj iq#"k nksuksa eks{k izkIr dj ldrs gSa vkSj fHk{kq&fHk{kq.kh nksuksa dks dfBu ri o lr] f'k{kk o O;ogkj dh lh[k nh tkrh FkhA fQj Hkh bl rF; ls badkj ugha fd;k tk ldrk fd ckS) /keZ esa vkSjrksa ds lkFk HksnHkko fd;k tkrk FkkA vkSjrksa ds ntsZ rFkk ckS) /keZ dh fir`lÙkkRed fopkj/kkjk dk lcwr gesa mu lkjs nLrkost+ksa vkSj ppkZvksa ls feyrs gSa tks vkSjrksa dks la?k esa 'kkfey gksus dh bt+kt+r feyus ls igys fd, x;s FksA

,d dFkk ds vuqlkj xkSre cq) dh miekrk egkiztkifr xkSreh la?k esa 'kkfey gksuk pkgrh FkhaA yEcs le; rd /kwi o /kwy esa pydj vkus ds ckotwn cq) us mudh ckr ekuus ls badkj dj fn;kA ckj&ckj fuosnu djus ij Hkh tc cq) Vl ls el ugha gq, rc muds f'k"; vkuank us rdZ fn;k fd dksbZ Hkh ,slk Bksl ot+g ;k er ugha gks ldrk ftlds dkj.k vkSjrksa dks la?k esa f'kjdr u djus nh tk,A

cq) dks ekuuk iM+k ij mUgksaus vkB dBksj fu;e cuk, tks eB esa vkus ls igys fHk{kq.kh vkSjrksa dks ekuus gksaxsA mnkgj.k ds fy, dksbZ Fksjh dHkh fdlh Fksjk dks QVdkj ugha ldrh Fkh tcfd

Fksjk fdlh Hkh Fksjh] pkgs og Åaps ntsZ dh D;ksa u gks] dh fuank dj ldrk FkkA Fksjh dks nks o"kZ ckn iq#"k o L=kh nksuksa la?kksa ls ekU;rk ysuh iM+rh Fkh tcfd fHk{kqvksa dks dsoy iq#"k la?k ls ekU;rk ysuk dkQ+h FkkA

xkSreh us lHkh 'krsZa eku yha ij cq} uk[kq'k gh jgsA mudk dguk Fkk fd la?k esa vkSjrksa ds vkus ls ckS) /keZ dh vof/k gt+kj ls ikap lkS o"kZ ?kVdj jg tk,xhA ftl rjg ikuh ds cgko dks jksdus ds fy, cka/k cuk, tkrs gSa Bhd mlh rjg bu vkB fu;eksa dks vkSjrksa dks la?k esa vkus ls jksdus ds fy, cuk;k x;k gSA blds ckotwn Hkkjh rknkn esa vkSjrsa la?k esa vkbZ D;ksafd ?kqVu Hkjh ?kjsyw ft+anxh ls /keZ dk ;g jkLrk T+;knk vklku FkkA

FkexkFkk esa bdV~Bs fd, x;s xhr thou dsca/kuksa ls eks{k rd ds lQ+j ds nnZ rFkk fuokZ.k ds ckn feyus okys lqdwu vkSj 'kkfUr ij dsafnzr gSaA blesa Fksfj;ksa us viuh vkichrh ds ek/;els ckS) /keZ dh ifjorZu 'kfDr dks mtkxj fd;k gSA mUgksaus ihNs NwV x, ihM+knk;d fj'rksa vkSj u, thou dh meax vkSj jkgr dh Hkh ckrsa dh gSaA gj ,d xhr esa dbZ Lrjksa ds vuqHko vkSj vglkl xqaFks gq, gSaA buls gesa fHk{kqf.k;ksa ds thou ds ckjs esa tkudkfj;ksa ds lkFk&lkFk mudh [+okfg'kksa] ihM+k dh Hkh >yd feyrh gSA buls ge ;g Hkh vankt+k yxk ldrs gSa fd vkSjrksa us ckS) /keZ ds Hkhrj jgdj fdl izdkj O;fDrxr o lkewfgd Lrjksa ij viuh txg cukus dh dksf'k'k dhA vkSjrksa us ckS) /keZ ij D;k izHkko NksM+s rFkk viuh lksp vkSj mEehnksa dks ysdj ckS) /keZ dk dSls foLrkj fd;kA ¦


xaxk dh csfV;ka,d QksVks izn'kZuha

QksVks izn'kZuh

egUr ehjk iqjh 1998&2001

lHkh QksVks lkHkkj

% 'khck Nk

Nh

dksroky

^cwjh*laU;kflusa


ge vkSjrsa gSatks pkgrh gSa cukukvius otwn dks dapu

ge djrh gSa ckrsaO;Fkk dh vkSjO;Fkk ds cnyrs Lo:i dh

gekjs xhrksa esa gSa xqQ+k,a vkSj xqQ+kvksa ds Hkhrj fleVs vklekugekjh QqlQqlkgV esa gSikuh dk jgL; vkSjikuh esa fNih vkx dk Hkh

ge rc dh gSa vkSj vc dh Hkhva/kdkj vkSj jks'kuh Hkhv/kwjh Hkh vkSj dqN iwjh lh

& 'khck NkNh

ßinekorh ,d [kwclwjr] drZO;fu"B o /kkfeZd vkSjr Fkh & ,d vkn'kZ iRuhAÞ

,d fnu] inekorh ds ifr us jkr ds Hkkstu ds fy, mls nks [k+kl vke HkstsA vius ?kj ds dke esael:Q+ inekorh us vHkh jkr dk Hkkstu idkuk'kq: ugha fd;k FkkA rHkh njokts+ ij ,d Q+dhj vk[kM+k gqvkA inekorh mls [kkyh gkFk ugha ykSVus nsuk pkgrh FkhA mlus ,d vke mBkdj Qdhj ckck dksns fn;kA

ml jkr mlds ifr us [kkuk [kkdj ,d vke [kk fy;kA ^yktokc* mlus dgkA ^esjs fy, og nwljk vke Hkh ys vkvksA* inekorh dks le> ugha vk jgk Fkk fd og D;k djsA dSls dgs fd mlus ,d vke nku dj fn;k FkkA ijs'kku inekorh jlksbZ esa xbZA eu esa f'ko dk /;ku djds mlus gkFk dks [kksy fn;kA QkSju mlds gkFk esa ,d vke vk x;kA tYnh ls nwljs dejs esa tkdj inekorh us vke vius ifr dks ns fn;kA

tSls gh ifr us vke p[kk og tku x;k fd og dksbZ lk/kkj.k vke ugha FkkA ß;g vlk/kkj.k vke dgka ls vk;k\ eSaus rks ;g vke rqEgsa ugha Hkstk FkkA*

inekorh us lp c;ku dj fn;kA et+kd mM+krs gq, ifr us dgk fd og f'ko ls vkSj vke ekaxsA inekorh us ,slk gh fd;kA mlds gkFk esa nwljk vke vk x;kA tc ifr us ml vke dks ysuk pkgk rks vke xk;c gks x;kA

mldh 'kfDr ls ?kcjkdj inekorh dk ifr mls NksM+dj pyk x;kA vdsyh inekorh us viuh lkjh 'kfDr vkSj fo'okl ,dtqV dj f'ko dk /;ku fd;kA

,dk,d mlds ftLe esa ,d ,saBu Hkjus yxhA mldk 'kjhj fldqM+us yxk rFkk Nkfr;ka uqdhyh gks xbZaA vka[ks fo'kky vkSj loZO;kih gks xbZaA uXu] vfLFke;] va/kk/kqa/k] og lj ds cy [kM+h gks xbZA vius gkFkksa ds iatksa ds cy og dSyk'k ioZr dh vksj py iM+hA

og xk jgh Fkh] eLrh] mYykl] lud ls Hkjs uknA Mjkous c;kcku] 'ke'kkuksa vkSj >u>ukrs eathjksa dh vkokt+ esa f'ko ds vykSfdd rst dks ryk'krhA

vkSj mlh le; ls og djkbZdy vekbZ;kj dgykbZ tkus yxhA

1⁄4pkSFkh&NBh lnh esa jgus okyh djkbZdy vekbZ;kj dhdgkuh ls :ikUrfjr1⁄2

vuqokn% tqgh tSu

xaxk dh csfV;ka&efgyk lU;kfluksa ls HksaV uke gS 'khck NkNh dh bl QksVks izn'kZuh dkA izn'kZuh dk fo"k; gS ijEijkxr] vk/;kfRed] /kkfeZd Nfo;ksa esa dSn Hkkjrh; efgyk,aA dgus dks rks ;g vkSjrsa] fgUnw] lk/oh] HkfDru] lU;kfluh] ;ksfxuh] f'koHkDr vusdksa ukeksa ls tkuh tkrh gSaA ij ;g uke dsoy ,d lhek rd gh mudh igpku curs gSaA mlds ckn muds vius O;ogkj] rkSj&rjhd+ksa vkSj fo'okl r;'kqnk ekunaMksa dks pqukSrh nsrs gSaA vkSj bu pqukSfr;ksa ls tUe ysrh gS bu vkSjrksa dh ,d ubZ igpkuA

bl izn'kZuh esa ekStwn lHkh vkSjrsa dqN tkuh igpkuh] dqN vtuch] dqN vIkuh] dqN ijkbZ tku iM+rh gSaA izn'kZuh le; dh eksgrkt ugha gS & ;g izn'kZuh ikap lkS o"kZ igys ;k vkt ds le; esa thoar yxrh gSA vkSj is'k djrh gS lknxh] ddZ'krk] isphnxh vkSj Hkkouk dh ,d feyh tqyh rLohjA

tqgh tSu


phu ds nf{k.k&if'pe Hkkx esa gquku izkar gSA ;gka dh vkSjrsa lfn;ksa rd ûq'kw* fyfi dk bLrseky djrh FkhaA ûq'kw* & dsoy vkSjrksa dh fyfiA flQZ+ vkSjrksa dh Hkk"kkA mudh vfHkO;fDr dk lk/kuA muds izfrokn dk izrhdA

T+;kax;ksax izkar esa 'kkaxT+;kaxt+w ft+yk gSA blft+ys dh jkst+ejkZ dh ft+anxh esa vkSjrksa dh lkfgR;d laLÑfr bl gn rd izpfyr Fkh fd] phu dh eq[; fyfi dks ogka ûkat+h* ds uke ls tkuk tkrk FkkA ûkat+h* ;kfu enksZa ds 'kCnA uq'kw dh viuh ,d vyx fyfi FkhA bls tkuus] i<+us] fy[kus okyh flQ+Z vkSjrsa FkhaA blfy, 'kkaxT+;kaxt+w dh vkSjrksa ds ikl viuh ft+anxh dh lPpkbZ c;ku djus dk vf/kdkj vkSj vkt+knh nksuksa FkhA

fjokt ds vuqlkj vkSjrksa dks ukat+h esa i<+us dk pyu ugha FkkA ;gh ot+g Fkh fd og mu reke fdrkch ewy ikBksa dh f'k{kk ls cph Fkha tks vkSjrksa dks derjh vkSj xS+j cjkcjh dk lcd

fl[kkrs gSaA u gh vkSjrksa dks enksZa ds lkeus vius la?k"kksZ a dh nkLrku dk c[kku djus ds fy, tw>uk iM+rk FkkA

ij bldk ,d nq[kn igyw Hkh FkkA pwafd ;g Hkk"kk enksZa dh ugha Fkh blfy, blesa fy[kh jpukvksa dk ml le; dh iz/kku vkSj izpfyr ekU;rkvksa ij vlj ugha FkkA ij fQj Hkh vkSjrsa bu lHkh reke lkekftd ca/kuksa ds ckotwn viuk dke fudkyus ds rjhd+s [kkst gh ysrh FkhaA vkSjrksa ds vkil ds fj'rs Hkh cgqr et+cwr FksA uq'kw ds ek/;e ls muds tT+ckrh vkSj vkfFkZd fj'rs izxk<+ gksrs FksA vkSj bu fj'rksa esa os vius thou ds nq[k&nnZ] xSj cjkcjh dks ckaV dj fojks/k djrh FkhaA

uq'kw fyfi yxHkx ,d gt+kj lky rd izpfyr jghA flykbZ&d<+kbZ djrs gq, xfeZ;ksa ds fnuksa esa Nrksa ij] vkSj lfnZ;ksa esa vkx rkirh gqbZ vkSjrsa uq'kw esa xhr jprh vkSj xkrh FkhaA yxHkx lHkh vkSjrsa bl Hkk"kk dks i<+ ldrh FkhaA gkykafd bls

uq'kw % izfr'kks/k dh Hkk"kktqgh tSu

ys[k


fy[kus okyh vkSjrksa dks blesa fy[ks xhr] iafDr;ka vkSj 'yksd eqag tq+ckuh ;kn FksA

1989 esa phu esa Økafr vkbZA lkekftd cnyko vk,A de mez dh vkSjrsa vc uq'kw ughalh[krh FkhaA tSls&tSls iqjkuh ih<+h [kRegksrh xbZ] uq'kw esa fy[kus okyh ysf[kdkvksa dh rknkn de gksrh xbZA /khjs&/khjs uq'kw Hkk"kk yqIr gks xbZA phu esa fjokt ds vuqlkj vkSjrks a dh ilan dh jpuk,a] ys[k] dgkfu;ka muds ejus ij muds lkFk nQ+uk fn, tkrs FksA ekuuk Fkk fd ijyksd esa vkSjrsa mldk et+k ys ldsaxhA ij blh dh ot+g ls mUuhloha lnh ds igys dh dksbZ Hkh jpuk gesa ugha feyrhA ekStwnk jpuk,a tks gesa feyh gSa blh 'krkCnh ds jpukdkjks a dh gSaA dkxt+] diM+s vkSj ia[kks a ij fy[kh jpukvksa esa vkSjrks a

dh vkRedFkk,a] cgupkjs dh dlesa] laosnukvks a vkSj izR;kjksiks a dh fpfV~B;ka] nqYguks a ds fy, fdrkcsa] LFkkuh; vkSj jk"Vªh; ?kVukvks a dk C;kSjk] izkFkZuk,a yM+fd;ks a ds fy, dU¶lwf'k;l ds erks a dk mYys[k vkSj phuh yksd dFkk,a vkfn 'kkfey gSaA

uq'kw fojks/k dh Hkk"kk gSA bl Hkk"kk dh ysf[kdkvksa dks Hkh vU; phuh vkSjrksa dh rjg 'kkjhfjdvkSj ekufld izrkM+ukvksa dk lkeuk djukiM+rk FkkA ,slk rc&rc gksrk Fkk] tc&tc os lekt esa QSys x+Sj cjkcjh ds <kaps dks cnyuk pkgrh FkhaA

'kkaxT+;kaxt+w dh vkSjrksa dks enksZa ds bfrgkl us ut+jvankt+ fd;kA bu vkSjrksa us viuk [kqn dk bfrgkl jpkA viuk

Kku ckaVkA vkSj lfn;ksa rd [kqn ds eka ls csVh rd fojklr esa feyus okyh

lkfgfR;d ijEijkvksa ds dsanz fcUnq ij j[kkA ¦

rqe yksx rks ckny gks

gokvksa ds lkFk vk,

dqN nsj vkleku ij Nk, jgs

cjls vkSj dgha nwj fudy x,A

ckny vkSj pêkuekgtcha 1⁄4ehuk dqekjh1⁄2

dfork

ge pêkusa gSa

viuh txg ij d+k;e

vkSj gesa ekywe gS fd

tkus okys ykSV dj ugha vkrsA

ds igys dh dksbZ Hkh jpuk gesa ugha feyrhA ekStwnk jpuk,a tks gesa feyh gSa blh 'krkCnh ds jpukdkjks a dh gSaA dkxt+] diM+s

'kkaxT+;kaxt+w dh vkSjrksa dks enksZa ds bfrgkl us

Kku ckaVkA vkSj lfn;ksa rd [kqn ds eka ls csVh rd fojklr esa feyus okyh


efgykvksa ij fgalk dh jktuhfr rFkk lekt ds fir`lÙkked ekun.Mksa dks pqukSrh nsus ds iz;kl esa tkxksjh dk u;k izdk'ku fgalk vc vkSj ugha % lqj{kk ls vkRe j{kk dh vksj izLrqr gSA

bl iqLrd esa ysf[kdk us pkj eq[; ckrksa ij t+ksj fn;k gSa %

u fgalk dh ifjHkk"kk vkSj jktuhfr

u vke fgalk ds [k+kl rjhd+s

u vkRej{kk dh t+#jr vkSj blds t+fj, fgalk ls cpko

u fgalk ls tw>us dh lkekftd ft+Eesokjh

lh/kh cksypky dh Hkk"kk] vke rkSj ij gksus okyh

fgalk vc vkSj ughalqj{kk ls vkRe&j{kk dh vksj---

u;k izdk'ku

fgalk dh ?kVukvksa ls fuiVus ds fy, dqN ewy lq>ko rFkk viuh [k+n dh lqj{kk dh ft+Eesnkjh ds izfr tkxfr bl iqLrd dh rkd+r gSA ;g iqLrd ,d gS.Mcqd ds #i es dkedkth efgykvksa] dk;ZdÙkkZvks]a Nk=kkvksa] v/;kfidkvksa] rFkk xgf.k;ksa ds fy, csgn mi;ksxh lkfcr gksxhA

;g iqLrd fgUnh o vaxzst+h nksuks Hkk"kkvksa esa miyC/k gSA dher gS 45 #i,A T;+knk izfr;ka eaxokus ij nl izfr'kr dh NwV nh tk,xhA izfr;ka eaxokus ds fy, lEidZ djsa %

egkohj flagtkxksjh

Phone : 011-26691219 / 20 Email: [email protected]

ßfdlh Hkh fgalk dk lkeuk djus ls igys rhu ckrsa ,dne lkQ+

gksuh pkfg, %

u fgalk dk fuiVkjk ugha djuk gS] bldks tM+ ls feVkuk gSA fgalk

ls tqM+h ekU;rkvksa dks pqukSrh nsuh gSA

u fdlh Hkh izdkj dh fgalk] pkgs og fdruh gh NksVh D;ksa u gks]

mls ut+jvankt+ ugh fd;k tkuk pkfg,] cfYd mldk fojks/k

fd;k tkuk pkfg;sA

u lekt vkSj leqnk; nksuksa dks vkSjrksa ds f[k+ykQ+ fgalk [k+Re djus

ds izfr opuo)rk fuHkkuh gksxhA

fgalk ls tw>us dh ;g j.kuhfr] gesa fl[kkrh gS viuh [kqn dh

d+her] vius [kqn ds fy, I;kj vkSj lEeku] vius 'kjhj ij gd+

vkSj lekt dh izfrc)rkA vkRe&j{kk dk ;g lQ+j 'kq: djds rks

nsf[k, vki thrsaxh vkSj t+:j thrsaxhAÞ

fp=k

lkHkkj% nqfj;

k dkt

+h] ikfd

Lrku] foesu

vufyfeVsM

µMk;j

h 20

07

;g fp=k 1981 esa jpk FkkA

esjs cuk, reke fp=kksa es ls

^^v'kh"kZdÞ ;gh gSA

bl fp=k es clh vLi"Vrk 'kh"kZd

dks lkFkZd djrh gSA

yksxksa us bls pknj uke fn;kA

pknj tks vius vanj cgqr dqN lesVrh gSA

ekndrk&cnjaxh&fgQ+kt+r&

fxj¶+r&lqdwu&?kqVu&

vkt+knh&ca/kuA

;g 'kjhj dks vgfe;r nsrh gS]

vfHkO;fDr dh txg dgha

vkd"kZ.k nsrh gS] vkSj vn`';rk Hkh

;g [kwclwjr rks gS ij

vekuoh; HkhA

v'kh"kZd

vuqokn% tqgh tSu

vizSy&flrEcj 2007 - JAGORI · 2 vizSy&flrEcj 2007 vizSy&flrEcj 2007 3 lqfuy lsu] ^fØ,'kUl* esfiu...

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