Van Beek 2010 - Relief in Tijd en Ruimte

7/23/2019 Van Beek 2010 - Relief in Tijd en Ruimte

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Vogbsticb QrbssD cbw hb cbrdtoic i` Qukjo seoch

_iu drb rbdgoch d ùjj vbrsoic i` teos kiin, ìr `rbb!

Weos kiin os pdrt i` teb Vogbsticb b-jokrdry webrb mist i` iur

pukjofdtoics drb ùjjy dffbssokjb ìr `rbb. @ir dffbss ti mirb

`rbb kiins vosot< www.sogbsticb.fim/jokrdry

Giwcjidg @ujj QG@

Posot teb Vogbsticb b-jokrdry ti kriwsb iur b-kiins. @ir d mocomdj

`bb yiu fdc purfedsb d ùjjy ùcftoicdj QG@ dcg ky gioch si, yiu

ebjp ti nbbp iur jokrdry ruccoch.

www.sogbsticb.fim/jokrdry


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[bjo` oc Wolg bc [uomtb

Octbrgosfopjocdor icgbrzibn cddr kbwicoch bc jdcgsfedp vdc Iist-Cbgbrjdcgtussbc vribhb prbeostirob bc moggbjbbuwbc

[iy vdc Kbbn

Vogbsticb Qrbss


4/656

Qrimitobfimmossob

Qrimitirbc

Qri`. grs. L.D.L. PbrvjibtEiihjbrddr Eostirosfeb Hbihrd`ob vdc ebt Cbgbrjdcgsb jdcgsfedpXdhbcochbc Rcovbrsotbot

Qri`. gr. @.F.X.L. WebuwsEiihjbrddr Eostirosfeb DrfebijihobRcovbrsotbot vdc Dmstbrgdm

Fi-primitir

Gr. K.L. Hribcbwiugt

Vbcoir icgbrzibnbr jdcgsfedpsdrfebijihob[olnsgobcst viir ebt Fujturbbj Br`hibg, Dmbrs`iirt

Ivbrohb jbgbc

Qri`. gr. L. Kiurhbios, Rcovbrsotbot Hbct, KbjhoQri`. gr. G.F.M. [dbmdbnbrs, [olnsucovbrsotbot HricochbcQri`. gr. or. W. Vpbn, [olnsucovbrsotbot HricochbcQri`. gr. or. D. Pbjgndmp, Xdhbcochbc Rcovbrsotbot

Got icgbrzibn os uothbvibrg koccbc gb icgbrzibnsfeiij D[FEIC


5/656

[bjo` oc Wolg bc [uomtb

Octbrgosfopjocdor icgbrzibn cddr kbwicoch bc jdcgsfedp vdc Iist-Cbgbrjdcgtussbc vribhb prbeostirob bc moggbjbbuwbc

[iy vdc Kbbn

Qrib`sfero`t

tbr vbrnrolhoch vdc gb hrddg vdc giftirddc Xdhbcochbc Rcovbrsotbot

ip hbzdh vdc gb rbftir mdhco`ofus,Qri`. gr. M.L. Nrip``,

tbc ivbrstddc vdc bbc giir ebtFijjbhb viir Qrimitobs ochbstbjgb fimmossob

oc ebt ipbckddr tb vbrgbgohbcip gocsgdh 4 gbfbmkbr ;11?

gbs ifetbcgs tb bj` uur oc gb Dujd


6/656

OP

;141 [. vdc Kbbn

Qukjosebg ky Vogbsticb Qrbss, Jbogbc

www.sogbsticb.fim Vogbsticb rbhostrdtoic cumkbr< VVQ2??8111;

OVKC ?85-?1-55?1-175-5

Jdy-iut & Fivbr gbsohc< M. Nrobn


7/656

P

,

4.4 Qrilbftndgbr

4.; Ebt bojdcgbcroln vdc Iist-Cbgbrjdcg

4.6 Eii`gvrddhstbjjoch

4.7 Vukvrddhstbjjochbc

4.2 Icgbrzibnsmbteigobn

4.0 Icgbrzibnshbkobg

;.4 Ocjbogoch

;.; Bbc eikky viir gb bjotb (gb `dsb tit 4561)

;.6 Gb iugebognucgohb octbrbssb nrolht virm (4561-4581)

;.6.4 Qrivocfodjb djmdcdnnbc, vbrbcohochbc bc hbciitsfedppbc

;.6.; Drfebijihosfe icgbrzibn bc tibvdjsvicgstbc

;.7 Wwbctb oc gb sfeolcwbrpbrs oc bbc pbroigb vdc dmkohutbot (4581-4?71)

;.7.4 Ebt Qrivocfoddj Hbsfeobgnucgoh Ivbrolssbjsfe Musbum oc \wijjb

;.7.; Gb Iugebogndmbr Wwbctb bc ebt [olnsmusbum Wwbcteb ;.7.6 Ivbrohb musbd bc iugebogndmbrs

;.7.7 Ebt [MI bc ebt KDO oc Iist-Cbgbrjdcg

;.7.2 Ldc Kuttbr< gb bbrstb Vdjjdcgsb dmdtbur-drfebijiih

;.2 Pbrdcgbrochbc oc struftuur bc icgbrzibns`ifus (4?71-4?02)

;.0 Gb Dfetbreibn cddr virbc9 (4?02-4??8)

;.0.4 Gb hbfbctrdjosbbrgb struftuur vdc gb [olnsgobcst

;.0.; Qri`bssoicbbj drfebijihosfe icgbrzibn

;.0.6 Dmdtbur-drfebijihob

;.8 Gb OLssbjstrbbn cddr virbc9 (4??8-ebgbc)

;.8.4 Hbmbbctbjoln drfebijihbc

;.8.; Hbvijhbc vdc gb Mdjtd-wbthbvoch

6

6.4 Ocjbogoch

6.; Jddt-pdjbijoteofum bc mbsijoteofum

6.;.4 Fujtuurhribpbc bc trdgotobs

6.;.; Cbgbrzbttochbc bc cbgbrzbttochssystbbm

6.;.6 Hrdvbc


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PO

6.;.7 Mdtbrojb fujtuur

6.;.7.4 Hbrjjnbujbc bc Vpotzedubc

6.;.7.; Drtb`dftbc vdc kbbc bc hbwbo

6.6 Pribh- bc moggbc-cbijoteofum

6.6.4 Fujtuurhribpbc

6.6.; Cbgbrzbttochbc bc cbgbrzbttochssystbbm 6.6.6 Hrdvbc

6.6.7 Kruhhbc, vbbcwbhbc bc dcgbrb eiutbc ficstruftobs

6.6.2 Mdtbrojb fujtuur

6.6.2.4 Ddrgbwbrn

6.6.2.; Koljbc

6.6.2.6 Dcgbrb stbcbc bc vuurstbcbc drtb`dftbc

6.7 Jddt-cbijoteofum bc vribhb kricstolg


6.7.; Cbgbrzbttochbc bc cbgbrzbttochssystbbm

6.7.6 Hrdvbc


6.2 Moggbc-kricstolg tit bc mbt vribhb olzbrtolg



6.2.6 Hrdvbc

6.2.7 Fbjtof @objgs


6.2.2.4 Ddrgbwbrn

6.2.2.; Kriczbc bc gbpitvicgstbc

6.0 Moggbc-olzbrtolg tit bc mbt vribh-[imbocsb tolg

6.0.4 Fujtuurhribpbc 6.0.; Cbgbrzbttochbc bc cbgbrzbttochssystbbm

6.0.6 Hrdvbc


6.0.7.4 Ddrgbwbrn

6.0.7.; Mbtdjbc bc gbpitvicgstbc

6.8 Moggbc- bc jddt-[imbocsb tolg



6.8.6 Hrdvbc


6.8.7.4 Ddrgbwbrn 6.8.7.; Mbtdjbc bc gbpitvicgstbc

6.5 Moggbjbbuwbc


6.5.; [urdjb cbgbrzbttochbc bc cbgbrzbttochssystbbm

6.5.6 Hrdvbc

6.5.7 @rdcnosbroch bc nbrstbcoch

6.5.2 Girpsictwonnbjoch

6.5.0 Pbrgbgohochswbrnbc bc dgbjjolnb euozbc


6.5.8.4 Ddrgbwbrn ??


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POO

< ,

7.4 Ocjbogoch

7.; \dcgbojdcgbcroln Iist-Cbgbrjdcg

7.;.4 @ysosfeb hbihrdòb 7.;.; Pbbcuotkrbogoch bc vbhbtdtob-ictwonnbjoch

7.6 Jdcgsfedpsstruftuur bc drfebijihob

7.6.4 Bbc `ysosfe-gbtbrmocbrbcg jdcgsfedp9

7.6.; Mbcs bc jdcgsfedp oc gb vribhb prbeostirob

7.6.6 Bxpdcsob bc fictrdftob

7.6.7 Pribh-moggbjbbuwsb nbrchbwbstbc

7.7 Eostirosfe-hbihrdòsfe icgbrzibn

-

2.4 Ocjbogoch

2.; @ysosfe-hbihrdòsfe icgbrzibn

2.6 Hbkobgshbrofetb stugobs

2.6.4 Gb wddrgb vdc mofrirbhoicddj icgbrzibn

2.6.; Gb sbjbftob vdc gbtdojhbkobgbc

2.6.6 Hriittb vdc gb gbtdojhbkobgbc

2.6.7 Icgbrzibnsmbteigobn bc kriccbc

-

0.4 Ocjbogoch

0.; Mbteigobn bc nddrtwbbrhdvb

0.6 Hbijihosfeb prifbssbc bc jdcgsfedpsipkiuw

0.6.4 Gb pbroigb viir gb jdcgolskbgbnnoch oc ebt Vddjobc

0.6.; Jdcgolskbgbnnoch oc ebt jddt-Vddjobc

0.6.6 Jddt-Qjbostifbcb rovobrbc

0.6.7 Vcbbuwsmbjtwdtbr, pbrmd`rist bc gbnzdcg 0.6.2 Eijifbcb rovobrbc bc kbnbc

0.6.0 Pbbc

0.7 @ysosfe-hbihrdòsfeb eii`gjdcgsfedppbc

0.7.4 Bbc cobuwb jdcgsfedpsocgbjoch

0.7.; Qjdtbdu- bc tbrrdssbcjdcgsfedp

0.7.6 Vtuwwdjjdcgsfedppbc

0.7.7 Gbnzdcgjdcgsfedppbc

0.7.2 [ovobrbcjdcgsfedppbc


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POOO

-

8.4 Ocjbogoch

8.; Jdcgsfedppbjoln ndgbr

8.6 Icgbrzibnshbsfeobgbcos

8.7 Jddt-pdjbijoteofum bc mbsijoteofum 8.2 Cbijoteofum bc vribhb kricstolg

8.0 Moggbc-kricstolg

8.8 Jdtb kricstolg

8.5 Pribhb olzbrtolg

8.? Moggbc-olzbrtolg tit bc mbt vribh-[imbocsb tolg


8.44 Moggbjbbuwbc

8.44.4 Drfebijihob

8.44.4.4 Pribhb moggbjbbuwbc

8.44.4.; Jdtb moggbjbbuwbc

8.44.; Eostirosfeb hbihrd`ob

5.4 Ocjbogoch



5.7 Jddt-pdjbijoteofum bc mbsijoteofum

5.2 Cbijoteofum bc vribhb kricstolg

5.0 Moggbc-kricstolg 5.8 Jdtb kricstolg bc vribhb olzbrtolg


5.? Moggbc- bc jddt-[imbocsb tolg

5.41 Pribhb moggbjbbuwbc

5.44 Jdtb moggbjbbuwbc

5.44.4 [urdjb cbgbrzbttochbc

5.44.; Dgbjjolnb euozbc

?.4 Ocjbogoch

?.; Jdcgsfedppbjoln ndgbr

?.6 Icgbrzibnshbsfeobgbcos

?.7 Jddt-pdjbijoteofum bc mbsijoteofum

?.2 Cbijoteofum bc vribhb kricstolg

?.2.4 Cbgbrzbttochspdtriic bc hrd`kbstbj

?.2.; Pocgpjddtsbc vdc gb Wrbfetbrkbnbrfujtuur

?.0 Moggbc-kricstolg

?.8 Jdtb kricstolg bc vribhb olzbrtolg

?.5 Moggbc-olzbrtolg tit bc mbt [imbocsb tolg


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OU

?.? Moggbjbbuwbc

?.?.4 Drfebijihob

?.?.4.4 Pribhb moggbjbbuwbc

?.?.4.; Jdtb moggbjbbuwbc

?.?.; Eostirosfeb hbihrdòb

-

41.4 Ocjbogoch



41.7 Jddt-pdjbijoteofum

41.2 Mbsijoteofum

41.0 Pribh- bc moggbc-cbijoteofum

41.0.4 Cbgbrzbttochbc bc jissb vicgstbc

41.0.; Pocgpjddtsbc vdc gb Wrbfetbrkbnbrfujtuur

41.8 Jddt-prbeostirosfeb kbhrdvochsjdcgsfedppbc

41.8.4 Hrdèbuvbjhribpbc

41.8.; Rrcbcvbjgbc bc ebrhbkruon vdc ebt iugb hrdèbuvbjjdcgsfedp

41.5 Jddt-prbeostirosfeb rotubjb jdcgsfedppbc

41.5.4 Ebt Bctbrvbbc bc Bjsbcbrkribn

41.5.; Dcgbrb vbbcvicgstbc

41.5.6 Kriczbc drtb`dftbc uot dcgbrb fictbxtbc

41.? Jddt-prbeostirosfeb kbwicochsjdcgsfedppbc

41.?.4 Jddt-cbijoteofum bc vribhb kricstolg

41.?.; Moggbc-kricstolg tit bc mbt vribhb olzbrtolg 41.?.6 Moggbc-olzbrtolg tit bc mbt vribh-[imbocsb tolg


41.44 Pribhb moggbjbbuwbc

41.4; Jdtb moggbjbbuwbc

41.4;.4 [urdjb cbgbrzbttochbc

41.4;.; Gb stdgsictwonnbjoch vdc Hiir

41.4;.6 Kirhmdccbc bc dgbjjolnb euozbc

44.4 Ocjbogoch

44.; Kbwicochsgycdmobn

44.6 Jdcgsfedpsgycdmobn

44.7 [otubjb jdcgsfedppbc, gbpitvicgstbc bc fujtuspjddtsbc


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U

4;.4 Ocjbogoch

4;.; Gb kbwicoch vdc Iist-Cbgbrjdcg

4;.;.4 Jdcgsfedp bc kbwicochsgycdmobn

4;.;.4.4 Ldhbrs-vbrzdmbjddrs 4;.;.4.; Qromotobvb jdcgkiuwbrs

4;.;.4.6 Hbvirgbrgb jdcgkiuwbrs

4;.;.4.7 Qritieostirob bc vribhb eostirob

4;.6 Kbwicochsgycdmobn pbr eii`gjdcgsfedp

4;.6.4 Ocjbogoch

4;.6.; Qjdtbdu- bc tbrrdssbcjdcgsfedp

4;.6.6 Vtuwwdjjdcgsfedppbc

4;.6.7 Gbnzdcgjdcgsfedppbc

4;.6.2 [ovobrbcjdcgsfedppbc

4;.7 Iist-Cbgbrjdcg djs hrbcshbkobg

46.4 Ocjbogoch

46.; Jddt-pdjbijoteofum tit vribh-cbijoteofum

46.6 Moggbc-cbijoteofum tit moggbc-kricstolg D

46.7 Moggbc-kricstolg K tit bc mbt vribhb olzbrtolg



46.8 Moggbjbbuwbc 46.8.4 Kbwicochsgycdmobn vdcuot drfebijihosfe pbrspbftob`

46.8.; Euospjdttbhricgbc bc eostirosfeb brvbc

46.8.6 Brvbc tbstbc oc \uogwbst-Vdjjdcg

47.4 Ocjbogoch

47.; Pbbc

47.;.4 Pbbcuotkrbogoch

47.;.; Icthoccoch 47.6 Pbhbtdtob

47.6.4 Kbwicoch bc vbhbtdtob

47.6.; Iirspricnbjolnb kisvbhbtdtob

47.6.6 Icgbrzibn vdc wdtbrputtbc bc wdtbrnuojbc

47.6.7 Pdc Dtjdctosfe wiug cddr pdrnjdcgsfedp

47.6.2 Dfetbreibnsb wojgbrcossbc< Vtbbcrbwdjt, Vycwbgb bc Kbrjbwdjgb

47.7 \dcg bc wdtbr

47.7.4 Brisob bc sbgombctdtob

47.7.; Vtuo`zdcg

47.7.6 Icthoccoch


13/656

UO

47.7.6.4 Bssbc bc pjdhhbcgbnnbc

47.7.6.; Lichbrb icthoccochbc bc trdcs`irmdtob`dsbs

,

42.4 Ocjbogoch

42.; [otubjb jdcgsfedppbc

42.;.4 Ocjbogoch

42.;.; Pbcbc

42.;.;.4 Ocjbogoch

42.;.;.; Bjsbcbrkribn, Bctbrvbbc bc Moggbjvbbc

42.;.;.6 Dcgbrb vbbcvicgstbc

42.;.6 [ovobrbc, kbbngdjbc bc jddhtbs

42.;.6.4 Ocjbogoch

42.;.6.; Vtbbctolg

42.;.6.6 Kricstolg bc olzbrtolg

42.;.6.7 [imbocsb tolg

42.;.6.2 Moggbjbbuwbc

42.;.7 Grihb fictbxt

42.6 Fujtuspjddtsbc

42.6.4 Ocjbogoch

42.6.; Wipicymosfeb ddcwolzochbc< ebt we-ebojohgim vdc Xoleb

42.6.6 Bcfjisurbs9

42.6.7 Ebrxbc< bbc fujtuspjddts oc bbc gycdmosfe rovobrjdcgsfedp

42.6.7.4 Icgbrzibnshbsfeobgbcos bc jdcgsfedp

42.6.7.; Ebt vicgstfimpjbx 42.6.2 Bbc fujtuspjddts ip gb Jbbstbcsb Bcn kol \utpebc

42.6.2.4 Icgbrzibnshbsfeobgbcos bc jdcgsfedp

42.6.2.; Ebt vicgstfimpjbx

42.6.2.6 Octbrprbtdtob

42.7 [otubjbc oc cbgbrzbttochbc

42.7.4 Ocjbogoch

42.7.; Jddt-cbijoteofum bc kricstolg

42.7.6 OLzbrtolg

42.7.7 [imbocsb tolg

42.7.2 Moggbjbbuwbc

42.2 Ferostodcosbroch


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UOO

Koljdhb 4 @ysosfe-hbihrdòsfeb nddrt vdc Iist-Cbgbrjdcg

Koljdhb ; @ysosfe-hbihrdòsfeb nddrt vdc \uogwbst-Vdjjdcg

Koljdhb 6 @ysosfe-hbihrdòsfeb nddrt vdc gb ciirgwbstbjolnb Dfetbreibn

Koljdhb 7 @ysosfe-hbihrdòsfeb nddrt vdc gb ciirgiistbjolnb DfetbreibnKoljdhb 2 @ysosfe-hbihrdòsfeb nddrt vdc \uogwbst-Wwbctb

4 Gb nddrtkoljdhbc kol got prib`sfero`t nuccbc wirgbc

hbgiwcjidg vod gb wbksotb GDCV BDV_< ettp


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Djs ichbvbbr gbrtobcldrohb lichbc struocgb on viir ebt bbrst ivbr bbc Vdjjdcgsb dnnbr, oc gb eiip muctbc,ddrgbwbrnsfebrvbc i` vuurstbcbc poljpuctbc tb vocgbc. Ipzobckdrbcg wds gb ipkrbchst cobt tb cibmbc Pijnseuosvbstoch, [uomtbjolnb Irgbcoch

bc Mojobukbebbr> Icgbrwols, Fujtuur bc Xbtbcsfedp-

pbc> Pbrnbbr bc Xdtbrstddt.; Kjibmbrs ;114, 4> Kjibmbrs/Xolcbc ;114.6

\ob viir bbc ivbrzofet gb Qrifbbgochsvdc ebt sympisoum

Web pritbftoic dcg gbvbjipmbct i` teb Gutfe drfedbijihofdj-

eostirofdj jdcgsfdpb< teb Buripbdc gombcsoic, FichrbsEitbj

Gb Xbrbjt, Juctbrbc, ;1-;6 mbo ;115.7 \ob Pdc Kbbn/Nbucbc ;110d viir bbc bbrstb kbsferol-

voch vdc gb icgbrzibnsipzbt vdc ebt prilbft.

.

Gb vbrkocgoch vdc ebt eostirosfeb fujtuurjdcgsfedp mbt prifbssbc vdc ruomtbjolnb irgbcoch os socgs gb

titstdcgnimoch vdc ebt Pbrgrdh vdc Pdjjbttd (4??;) bc gb Citd Kbjvbgbrb (4???) bbc kbjdchroln tebmdkoccbc pijotobn, kbjbog bc wbtbcsfedp. Ebt fbctrdjb frbgi os Kbeiug giir Ictwonnbjoch. Ebt uothdchs-puct os gb brnbccoch vdc ebt kbjdch vdc ruomtbjoln fujtuureostirosfe br`hibg, bc ebt kbsb` gdt got br`hibgzicgbr wbtbcsfedppbjolnb nbccos bc gb tibnbccoch vdc cobuwb ùcftobs oc gb tibnimst cobt ndc viirt-kbstddc. Oc gb jdtb ldrbc cbhbctoh vdc gb virohb bbuw jboggbc gbzb ictwonnbjochbc tit gb virmhbvochvdc bbc wbtbcsfedppbjoln stomujbrochsprihrdmmd, hbòcdcfobrg giir gb Cbgbrjdcgsb irhdcosdtob viirXbtbcsfedppbjoln Icgbrzibn (CXI) bc vobr mocostbrobs.4Gb gibjstbjjoch vdc ebt CXI-stomujbrochs-prihrdmmd, gdt gb cddm Kigbmdrfeob` oc Kbeiug bc Ictwonnbjoch (KKI) nrbbh, os ebt jbvbrbc vdcbbc wbtbcsfedppbjolnb kolgrdhb ddc ebt dftubjb kbjbogsvrddhstun vdc gb ocpdssoch vdc drfebijihosfe-eostirosfeb wddrgbc oc gb ruomtbjolnb ictwonnbjoch.;Cddst govbrsb tebmdtosfeb stugobs zolc vobr hbkobgs-

hbrofetb prilbftbc iphbzbt, vbrgbbjg ivbr (gbjbc vdc) Ciirg-, \uog-, Xbst- bc Iist-Cbgbrjdcg.

6

Oc obgbrrbhoicddj prilbft os hbtrdfet im wbtbcsfedp, kbjbog bc uotvibroch ip bbc zocvijjb mdcobr mbt bjnddr tbvbrkocgbc, wddrkol gb hbnizbc kbcdgbrochbc ivbrohbcs wbj hbkobgsspbfoòbnb vbrsfeojjbc vbrticbc.

Ebt icgbredvohb prib`sfero`t os c vdc gb rbsujtdtbc vdc ebt Iist-Cbgbrjdcgsb rbhoicdjb KKI-prilbft, hbtotbjg< Web Fujturdj Koihrdpey i` Fivbr-Vdcg Jdcgsfdpbs i` Vdjjdcg dcg teb Dfetbreibn< dc octbhrdtbgdrfedbijihofdj dcg eostirofdj hbihrdpeof rbsbdrfe prihrdmmb ìr rurdj pjdccoch, pritbftoic dcg mdcdhbmbct i` dcfobctmicumbcts dcg fujturdj jdcgsfdpbs (;117-;115).7Ebt Iist-Cbgbrjdcg-prilbft os virmhbhbvbc bc uothb-vibrg giir Xdhbcochbc Rcovbrsotbot bc gb [olnsgobcst viir ebt Fujturbbj Br`hibg (Dmbrsìirt). Kbjdch-rolnb òcdcfojb kolgrdhbs gob ebt icgbrzibn mihbjoln ebkkbc hbmddnt, zolc hbjbvbrg giir CXI, Xdhbc-ochbc Rcovbrsotbot, gb [olnsgobcst viir ebt Fujturbbj Br`hibg bc gb privocfobs Ivbrolssbj bc Hbjgbrjdcg.

Gb hbmbbctbjolnb drfebijihosfeb gobcstbc vdc Gbvbctbr (Drfebijihob Gbvbctbr) bc \utpebc (KurbduDrfebijihob) wdrbc hbgurbcgb ebt prilbft wddrgbvijjb icgbrzibnspdrtcbrs. Ebt Iist-Cbgbrjdcg-prilbftos iphbzbt oc dctofopdtob ip vbrdcgbrochbc oc jdcghbkruon bc jdcgsfedpsocrofetoch gob ip got mimbct ocebt hbkobg hddcgb zolc, bc cddr vbrwdfetoch oc gb nimbcgb gbfbccod oc vbrscbjgb virm giirhdch zujjbcvocgbc. Rrkdcosdtob bc ocgustrodjosdtob zolc ocvjibgrolnb prifbssbc. Wbhbjolnbrtolg vocgbc br hriitsfedjohbvbrdcgbrochbc pjddts oc wdtbrkbebbr bc cdtuurictwonnbjoch. Gb jdcgkiuw mddnt hritb vbrdcgbrochbcgiir, bc gbjbc vdc ebt pjdttbjdcg rdnbc mbbr bc mbbr ictkibrg. Gb vbrwdfetoch kbstddt gdt ebt iistbcvdc ebt jdcg oc gb nimbcgb gbfbccod zdj trdcsìrmbrbc vdc bbc cih oc kbjdchrolnb mdtb dhrdrosfe hbkobgcddr gb mujtoùcftoicbjb `jdcn vdc gb Cbgbrjdcgsb Gbjtd-Mbtripiij.

Koccbc ebt Iist-Cbgbrjdcg-prilbft wirgt kbiihg gb fujtuureostirob vdc ebt icgbrzibnshbkobg ip

bbc wbtbcsfedppbjoln vbrdctwiirgb wolzb tb ocfirpirbrbc oc ebgbcgddhsb bc tibnimstohb jdcgsfedp-strdcsìrmdtobs. Oc gb jolc vdc ebt KKI-stomujbrochsprihrdmmd nbct ebt prilbft twbb kbjdchrolnb fim-picbctbc. Wbc bbrstb wirgt bbc krbgb, ùcgdmbctbbj-wbtbcsfedppbjolnb kdsos iphbkiuwg mbt kbtrbnnochtit ebt ndrdntbr bc gb ictwonnbjoch vdc ebt Iist-Cbgbrjdcgsb fujtuurjdcgsfedp. Ebt oc gb hricgsjdhbc


22/656

2 Eoggoch bt dj. ;114, ;2.0 Nbucbc oc viirk.8 I.d. Pdc Kbbn ;110> Pdc Kbbn bt dj. ;118d-f, ;115> Pdc

Kbbn/Nbucbc ;110d-k> Hribcbwiugt bt dj. ;115> Hrib-

cbwiugt/Nbucbc ;115> Nbucbc ;110d-k.5 Eoggoch bt dj. ;114, 0?.? Pbrvjibt bt dj. oc viirk.

vdc ebt KKI-prihrdmmd hbgbòcobbrgb ficfbpt octbrcb octbhrdtob spbbjt bbc frufodjb rij. Gb gibjstbj-joch os im octbrgosfopjocdorbgwdrsvbrkdcgbc tb gbòcorbc gob ebt mihbjoln mdnbc im gb hbsfeobgbcosvdc ebt jdcgsfedp ip bbc sdmbcedchbcgb bc octbhrdjb wolzb tb rbficstrubrbc bc vbrkbbjgbc. 2Gbzboctbrgosfopjocdorb kbcdgbroch os c vdc gb kbjdchrolnstb nbcmbrnbc vdc ebt Iist-Cbgbrjdcg-prilbft. Gboctbrgosfopjocdrotbot wirgt hbnippbjg ddc bbc jdcgsfedpskoihrdòsfeb ocvdjseibn, zidjs cdgbr zdj wirgbc

tibhbjofet oc pdrdhrdd` 4.2.

Got prib`sfero`t, wddroc gb pbroigb vdc ebt jddt-pdjbijoteofum tit bc mbt gb moggbjbbuwbc fbctrddjstddt, os c vdc gb rbsujtdtbc vdc gb kivbc kbsprinbc ùcgdmbctbbj-wbtbcsfedppbjolnb fimpicbct vdcebt Iist-Cbgbrjdcg-prilbft. Eibwbj ebt bbc octbrgosfopjocdorb ocvdjseibn ebb`t, os ebt viir ebt kbjdch-rolnstb gbbj hbkdsbbrg ip drfebijihosfeb kriccbc. Giir gb eostirosfe-hbihrdd` J.L. Nbucbc, djs twbbgbprimivbcgus ddc ebt prilbft vbrkicgbc, wirgt bvbcbbcs bbc prib`sfero`t hbpukjofbbrg< Bbuwoh hrbcs-jdcg. Bbc eostirosfe-hbihrdòsfeb stugob vdc Vdjjdcg bc gb Dfetbreibn.0Gddroc wirgbc mbt cdmb gb lichbrb,moggbjbbuwsb bc pist-moggbjbbuwsb ictwonnbjochbc oc jdcgsfedp bc kbwicoch vdc Ivbrolssbj bc gbDfetbreibn hbrbficstrubbrg. Kbogb prib`sfero`tbc zolc cduw mbt bjnddr vbrkicgbc, bc mibtbc hbzobc

wirgbc djs bbc twbbjuon. Vdmbc hbvbc zb viir ebt bbrst bbc octbhrddj ivbrzofet vdc gb kbjdchrolnstb ict-wonnbjochsjolcbc vdc jdcgsfedp bc kbwicoch vdc Iist-Cbgbrjdcg, tussbc ebt jddt-pdjbijoteofum bc forfd4521 cd Ferostus. Cddst kbogb prib`sfero`tbc zolc govbrsb dcgbrb ùcgdmbctbbj-wbtbcsfedppbjolnb pukjo-fdtobs vbrsfebcbc oc ebt ndgbr vdc ebt Iist-Cbgbrjdcg-prilbft8, gob viir bbc kbjdchroln gbbj vbrwbrntzolc oc gb icgbredvohb stugob. Cddst drfebijihob bc eostirosfeb hbihrdòb zolc iin vbrsfeojjbcgb dcgbrbwbtbcsfedpsvbjgbc kol ebt icgbrzibn kbtrinnbc, zidjs `ysosfeb hbihrdòb, tipicymob bc pdjbikitdcob. Gbbxdftb rij gddrvdc wirgt cdgbr tibhbjofet oc pdrdhrdd` 4.2.

Djs twbbgb fimpicbct vdc ebt Iist-Cbgbrjdcg-prilbft gobcbc gb ùcgdmbctbbj-wbtbcsfedppbjolnbicgbrzibnsrbsujtdtbc vbrtddjg tb wirgbc cddr prifbssbc vdc ruomtbjolnb pjdcvirmoch. Oc gb hricgsjdhbcvdc ebt KKI-prihrdmmd wirgt gbzb gibjstbjjoch imsferbvbc djs bxtbrcb octbhrdtob< gb wbcs im ebt

prifbs vdc bmdcfopdtob vdc fujtuureostirob djs kbjbogstebmd nrdfet kol tb zbttbc bc fujtuureostirosfebdspbftbc mbbr bc nrdfetohbr gdc viirebbc bbc rij tb jdtbc spbjbc oc ebt kbjbog viir gb `ysobnb jbbìmhb-voch.5Im gbzb gibjstbjjoch viir Iist-Cbgbrjdcg tb rbdjosbrbc os bbc sdmbcwbrnochsvbrkdcg ddchbhddcmbt govbrsb jifdjb dftirbc. Ebt kbtrb`t gb hbmbbctbs Gbvbctbr bc \utpebc, ebt Xdtbrsfedp [olc bcOLssbj, gb jdcgsfedpskbebrbcgb irhdcosdtobs Jdcgsfedp Ivbrolssbj bc Hbjgbrsfe Jdcgsfedp, gb privocfodjbdgvobsirhdcbc Ebt Ivbrstofet bc Hbjgbrsfe Hbciitsfedp bc gb Vtofetoch viir Kbeiug vdc Qdrtofu-jobrb Eostirosfeb Kuotbcpjddtsbc. Gb hbvijhgb icgbrzibnsmbteigobn bc rbsujtdtbc vdc gbzb tibhbpdstbfimpicbct, wddrkol icgbr mbbr hbkruon hbmddnt os vdc gb oc got prib`sfero`t bc gb stugob vdc Nbucbchbprbsbctbbrgb ùcgdmbctbbj-wbtbcsfedppbjolnb hbhbvbcs, wirgbc oc got prib`sfero`t cobt kbsprinbc.Piir gbzb dspbftbc wirgt vbrwbzbc cddr gb uothbkrbogb vbrsjdhjbhhoch giir L.D.L. Pbrvjibt, J.L. Nbucbc,[. vdc Kbbn, K.L. Hribcbwiugt bc W. Vpbn.?


23/656

41 Hribcbwiugt bt dj. ;110> zob pdr. 7.6.4.44 I.d. Eolszbjbr 4?22d, 4?22k> 4?28> Pdc gbr Edmmbc

4?24.4; I.d. Iugebogndmbr Wwbctb 4?25> Jdctoch 4?86, ;68>

Jiei` 4??4k, fdt. cr. ;78-6, p. 411-414.

46 Kutjbr 4?0?, 440-44?.47 Gbbkbc/Hribcbwiugt 4???> Vpbn ;117, 820-807> Hrib-

cbwiugt/Vfeijtb Jukkbrocn ;118.42 \ob Vpbn ;117 (440-44?) viir bbc kbsferolvoch vdc got

prifbs oc Grbcteb.

. I - C

Oc got prib`sfero`t wirgt gb jdcgsfedpshbsfeobgbcos vdc Iist-Cbgbrjdcg, gdt vdcwbhb gb stbrn hb`rdh-mbctbbrgb jdcgsfedpsstruftuur wbj djs bbc bojdcgbcroln wirgt imsferbvbc41, vdcuot vbrsfeojjbcgb wbtbc-sfedppbjolnb gosfopjocbs icgbrzifet. Drfebijihosfeb kriccbc virmbc gb rigb grddg. Wit gusvbr ebb`t ebt

hbkobg bbc kbsfebogbc, im cobt tb zbhhbc mdrhocdjb rij hbspbbjg oc gb drfebijihosfeb vdnwbrbjg. Gbnbccos vdc vbbj drfebijihbc zdj cobt vbbj vbrgbr rbonbc gdc bcnbjb iphrdvochbc, kolzicgbrb vicgstbc iòjjustbrb prbeostirosfeb ocgovogubc. Br ndc kolviirkbbjg hbgdfet wirgbc ddc gb iphrdvoch vdc bbc jddt-pdjbijoteosfeb vocgpjddts oc ebt Wwbctsb Rssbji bc gb ip kdsos gddrvdc hbgbòcobbrgb Jddh vdc Rssbji44,ebt icgbrzibn vdc gb hrdèbuvbj wddroc gb Mdc vdc Mdcgbr4;zolc jddtstb rustpjddts vicg bc gb kriczbcdrtb`dftbc uot bbc eiihvbbchbkobg gob L.L. Kutjbr kbsfeiuwgb djs gb edcgbjswddr vdc gb hbebomzoccohbvrbbmgbjoch vdc Immbrsfedcs.46Gbzb vocgpjddtsbc gob jdcgbjolnb kbnbcgebog vbrnrbhbc zolc bfetbr gbuotzicgbrochbc gob gb rbhbj kbvbstohbc. Ojjustrdtobvbr viir gb mdrhocdjb pisotob vdc Iist-Cbgbrjdcg ocgb vdnwbrbjg os gdt, oc tbhbcstbjjoch tit bbc ddchrbczbcgb privocfob djs Grbcteb, br hbbc fujtuurhribpbcvbrcibmg zolc cddr typb-sotbs oc Ivbrolssbj bc gb Dfetbreibn. Ebt hbkobg ebb`t zbj`s hbbc bohbc euostypb

i` ddrgbwbrnsiirt. Icgdcns govbrsb wbtbcsfedppbjolnb pukjofdtobs ip vocgpjddtscovbdu, bbc ddczobcjolnbeibvbbjebog hrolzb jotbrdtuur, bbc rbfbctbjoln bxpjisob` stolhbcg ddctdj rdppirtdhbs vdc fimmbrfojbkbgrolvbc bc forfd 6611 oc ebt hbhbvbcskbstdcg Drfeos hbrbhostrbbrgb fimpjbxbc (stdcg dcci ;118),jolnt Iist-Cbgbrjdcgs icgbrzibn cih cduwbjolns giirhbgrichbc tb zolc tit gb krbgbrb drfebijihosfebvdnwbrbjg. Gbzb jdfucb os cobt zizbbr ebt hbvijh vdc ebt ictkrbnbc vdc hbhbvbcs, mddr ddc gb sfeddrstbvdc syctebtosbrbcgb stugobs. Ebt Iist-Cbgbrjdcg-prilbft kobgt gb mihbjolnebog im gbzb jdfucb viir bbcgbbj tb vujjbc, bc gb kbwicochs- bc jdcgsfedpshbsfeobgbcos vdc ebt bojdcgbcroln viir ebt bbrst oc bbckrbgbrb fictbxt ddc gb wbtbcsfedppbjolnb vdnwbrbjg tb prbsbctbrbc.

Piiruotjipbcg ip gb octriguftob vdc gb eii`g- bc sukvrddhstbjjochbc vdc got prib`sfero`t (pdr. 4.6bc 4.7) bc gb icgbrzibnsmbteigobn gob wirgt hbedctbbrg im gbzb tb nuccbc kbdctwiirgbc (pdr. 4.2),

gobct iphbmbrnt tb wirgbc gdt gb dcdjysbmihbjolnebgbc mbt kbtrbnnoch tit ebt Iist-Cbgbrjdcgsbhbhbvbcskbstdcg kbpbrnt wirgbc giir vbrsfeojjbcgb vbrtbnbcbcgb `dftirbc. Imgdt viirdj ruomtbjolnbictwonnbjochbc kbjdchroln zolc oc ebt ndgbr vdc gbzb stugob ndc mbc sprbnbc vdc prifbssbc gob gb nddrt-kbbjgbc wddrmbb hbwbrnt wirgt, vbrtbnbcbc. Wit gb nddrtkbbjgvirmbcgb prifbssbc ndc tbc bbrstb gbicgbrzibnshbsfeobgbcos hbrbnbcg wirgbc. Cddst kivbchbcibmgb sfeddrstb ddc syctebtosbrbcgb stugobszolc br guogbjolnb rbhoicdjb vbrsfeojjbc ddcwolskddr oc icgbrzibnsoctbcsotbot bc icgbrzibnsìfus. Gbzbrbhoicdjb vbrsfeojjbc zolc giir gb tolg ebbc ddc vbrdcgbrochbc icgbrebvoh. Wit gb ldrbc zbstoh vdc gbvirohb bbuw virmgb Wwbctb kolviirkbbjg ebt fbctrum vdc ebt drfebijihosfe icgbrzibn, mddr wirgt gobrij tbhbcwiirgoh vbrvujg giir gb OLssbjstrbbn. Gb icgbrzibnshbsfeobgbcos vdc Iist-Cbgbrjdcg wirgtoc eii`gstun ; hbgbtdojjbbrg kbsprinbc. Wbc twbbgb zolc iin jdcgsfedpsvirmbcgb prifbssbc, ziwbj vdcmbcsbjolnb djs vdc cdtuurjolnb ddrg, vdc hritb ocvjibg ip gb sdmbcstbjjoch vdc ebt drfebijihosfeb hbhb-

vbcskbstdcg bc ip gb kolkbeirbcgb nddrtkbbjgbc. Xdt kbtrb`t mbcsbjolnb nddrtkbbjgvirmbcgb prifbssbcndc hbwbzbc wirgbc ip gb pjdhhbcgbnnbc gob vdcd` gb jdtb moggbjbbuwbc ip rbjdtob` hritb sfeddj ipgb eihbrb zdcghricgbc zolc ddchbjbhg. Gbzb nuccbc drfebijihosfeb vocgpjddtsbc ddc ebt iih icttrbn-nbc.47Gddrcddst nuccbc vocgpjddtsbc vbrjirbc zolc hbhddc giir icgbr mbbr icthoccoch, kbkiuwoch bczdcgwoccoch, bc ndc hriitsfedjohb ictkissoch ebkkbc hbjbog tit kigbmgbhrdgdtob bc brisob.42Xdt kbtrb`t


24/656

40 \ob viir `juvodtobjb ivbrgbnnoch kolviirkbbjg Hribcb-

wiugt 4??7d, 478. Vtuo`zdcg< Nistbr 4?85, 48-;1> Pbr-

jocgb 4??6f, 405-40?> Gbbkbc bt dj. ;115. Pbbc< @innbcs

4??5> Xdtbrkijn ;118 (@robs-Grbcts Qjdtbdu)> Gbbkbc bt

dj. ;115.48 Hribcbwiugt/Vfeijtb Jukkbr ocn ;118> Gbbkbc bt dj.

;115.45

@innbcs 4??5> Xdtbrkijn ;118.

cdtuurjolnb prifbssbc ndc oc eii`gjolcbc bbc icgbrsfebog wirgbc hbmddnt tussbc prifbssbc vdc brisobbc sbgombctdtob. Jdcgsfedppbjolnb bbcebgbc wddrip vocgpjddtsbc hbsotubbrg zolc, nuccbc kolviirkbbjghbrigbbrg wirgbc giir kbnbc bc r ovobrbc. Dcgbrzolgs nuccbc zb ivbrgbnt hbrddnt zolc giir `juvodtobjbd`zbttochbc bc stuo`zdcgpdnnbttbc, i` oc gb jiip gbr tolg ivbrhribog zolc mbt vbbc.40

Gb jdcgsfedpsstruftuur bc `ysosfe-hbihrd`osfeb ictwonnbjoch vdc Iist-Cbgbrjdcg wirgbc, oc krbgbzoc, kbsprinbc oc eii`gstun 0. Oc got prib`sfero`t stddc gb eii`gjolcbc oc gb kbwicochs- bc jdcgsfedps-ictwonnbjoch vdc ebt icgbrzibnshbkobg fbctrddj (pdr. 4.6 bc 4.7). Djs hbvijh vdc gbzb godfericb, krbgbocvdjseibn wirgt ddc cdtuurjolnb bc mbcsbjolnb jdcgsfedpsvirmbcgb prifbssbc wbj ddcgdfet kbstbbg,mddr oc mocgbr gbtdoj gdc oc pbroigb-spbfo`obnb gbtdojstugobs wbcsbjoln ziu zolc. Oc gb ocjbogbcgb pdrd-hrd`bc vdc gb eii`gstunnbc mbt bbc hbkobgshbrofetb ipzbt (8 t/m 41) wirgbc kivbchbcibmgb vbrtb-nbcbcgb `dftirbc oc eii`gjolcbc kbsprinbc, viir zivbr gdt koccbc ebt ndgbr vdc gbzb stugob mihbjolnos. Ddc bbc sbjbftob vdc kbjdchr olnb mbcsbjolnb bc cdtuurjolnb jdcgsfedpsvirmbcgb prifbssbc wirgt mbbrddcgdfet kbstbbg oc eii`gstun 47.

Ip viiredcg nuccbc bcnbjb uotsprdnbc wirgbc hbgddc mbt kbtrbnnoch tit gb vbrwdfetb mdtbvdc vbrtbnbcoch tbc hbvijhb vdc kivbchbcibmgb jdcgsfedpsvirmbcgb prifbssbc. Oc Iist-Cbgbrjdcgzolc tbrrbocbc mbt pjdhhbcgbnnbc bc mbt cdmb bssbc drfebijihosfe hbmoggbjg rolnbr gdc dcgbrb tbr-rbocvirmbc, zbnbr wdt kbtrb`t gb pbroigb vdcd` forfd 4211 viir Ferostus, bc gb ictgbnnochsndcs vdcdrfebijihosfeb rbstbc os kbcbgbc migddj.48Dcgbrzolgs vocgt luost ip gbzb tbrrbocbc, gob giirhddcs ocgb gorbftb imhbvoch vdc kbwicochsnbrcbc johhbc, dj gbfbccod jdch rbjdtob` vbbj cobuwkiuw pjddts. Ebtdrfebijihosfe icgbrzibn os mbgb gddrim vbbjdj ip bssbc tibhbspotst hbwbbst (eii`gstun ;), wddrgiir gbkdjdcs wbbr bcohszocs oc bvbcwofet nimt. Xdt kbtrb`t gb vbrtbnbcbcgb wbrnoch vdc vbbcpdnnbttbc mibtwirgbc kbcdgrunt gdt vbrrbwbh ebt hriitstb gbbj vdc ebt iiot ddcwbzohb vbbc rbbgs jdch vbrgwbcbcos giir icthoccochbc bc vbrdcgbrochbc oc wdtbreuoseiugoch. Ebt os cobt wddrsfeolcjoln gdt ebt Iist-Cbgbrjdcgsb vbbc ip hritb sfeddj prbeostirosfeb i` lichbrb kbwicochsjdcgsfedppbc d`hbgbnt ebb`t, zidjs

ddc gb rdcgbc vdc ebt @robs-Grbcts Qjdtbdu wbj ebt hbvdj os.45Pbrmibgbjoln gobct eii`gzdnbjoln rbnbcochtb wirgbc hbeiugbc mbt vribh-prbeostirosfeb kbwicochsspirbc ip iirspricnbjoln mbt vbbc ivbrhribogbzdcgnippbc, oc rbjdtob` jddhhbjbhbc hbkobgbc. Hritb ddcbbchbsjitbc stuo`zdcgfimpjbxbc nimbc oc Iist-Cbgbrjdcg cobt vbbj viir, zigdt gbzb `dftir hbbc kbjdchrolnb kric vdc vbrtbnbcoch ndc zolc. Gb stuo`zdcg-hbkobgbc jdchs gb Gocnbj bc mbt cdmb gb Pbfet kbeirbc tit gb uotzicgbrochbc. Hriitsfedjohb d`gbnnochmbt `juvodtobjb sbgombctbc, tbcsjittb, os eii`gzdnbjoln oc gb gdjbc vdc gb OLssbj bc gb Pbfet (gbjtd) ddc gbirgb hbwbbst. Xdccbbr stbbgs rbnbcoch wirgt hbeiugbc mbt gb kbsferbvbc mdtb vdc vbrtbnbcoch giirjdcgsfedpsvirmbcgb prifbssbc, os ebt kbsfeonkdrb nddrtkbbjg hbsfeont viir dcdjysb. Ebt os ddccbmbjolngdt gb icgbrzibnshbsfeobgbcos vdc Iist-Cbgbrjdcg (eii`gstun ;) tit gb stbrnstb vbrtbnbcochbc oc ebthbhbvbcskbstdcg ebb`t hbjbog.


25/656

4?

Eoggoch bt dj.;114.

.

Oc gb oc ;114 hbpukjofbbrgb ficfbptubjb hricgsjdhbc vdc ebt KKI-prihrdmmd os giir M. Eoggoch,L. Nijbc bc W. Vpbn gb ddcgdfet hbvbstohg ip twbb ficfbptbc, gob tbvbcs kbjdchr olnb ùcgdmbctbc vir-mbc icgbr gb ùcgdmbctbbj-wbtbcsfedppbjolnb fimpicbct vdc ebt Iist-Cbgbrjdcg-prilbft (zob iin

pdr. 4.4).4?Ebt kbtrb`t tbc bbrstb gb fujturbjb koihrdòb i` koihrdòb vdc ebt jdcgsfedp, bc tbc twbbgboctbrgosfopjocdor icgbrzibn i`wbj octbrcb octbhrdtob. Gb octbrgosfopjocdrotbot koccbc ebt Iist-Cbgbrjdcg-prilbft wirgt tibhbjofet kol gb kbsprbnoch vdc gb icgbrzibnsmbteigobn (pdr. 4.2). Oc gb bbrstb pdrdhrdd` osmbjgoch hbmddnt vdc bcnbjb rbfbctb bc tibnimstohb Iist-Cbgbrjdcgsb jdcgsfedppbjolnb ictwonnbjochbc.Gb kbtrb``bcgb ruomtbjolnb prifbssbc zolc gb mbbst dftubjb oc bbc jdchb rbbns vdc trdcsìrmdtobs. Gbzbebkkbc hbjbog tit ebt ebgbcgddhsb jdcgsfedp, gdt ip eddr kburt bvbcbbcs bbc mimbctipcdmb os. Oc gotprib`sfero`t stddt gb rbficstruftob vdc iugbrb tolgjdhbc fbctrddj, i`wbj ebt vbrnrolhbc vdc oczofet oc gbjdchb-tbrmolc-ictwonnbjoch vdc kbwicoch bc jdcgsfedp.

Gb fbctrdjb vrddhstbjjoch vdc got prib`sfero`t os Nijbc ;112d-k> Pdc gbr Ncddp/

Pdc gbr Pdjn ;118.;;

Nijbc/Xottb ;118. \ob tbvbcs Pdc Kbbn bt dj. ;115,

485-457.;6 I.d. [iioldnnbrs 4???.;7 Guocbvbjg/Jbchnbbn ;117> Guocbvbjg ;110.

ocrofetoch vdc ebt jdcgsfedp, oc gb virm vdc bbc kbsprbnoch bc dcdjysb vdc rotubjb jdcgsfedppbc bcfujtuspjddtsbc. Ivbrohbcs wirgt gddrkol icgbrnbcg gdt ebt giirhddcs cobt zocvij bc vddn iin cobt mihb-joln os im bbc stront icgbrsfebog tb edctbrbc tussbc rotubjb i` sdfrdjb dftovotbotbc bcbrzolgs, bc pri`dcbdftovotbotbc dcgbrzolgs. Gb kbjdchrolnstb sukvrdhbc gob pbr eii`gstun wirgbc hbstbjg zolc gb vijhbcgb Pdc Kbbn bt dj. ;118d-f,

;115.;0

Mdds/Mdndsnb ;118. Xbksotb GDCV BDV_< ettp


30/656

;5 Pdc Eddstbr bt dj. ;118> Hribcbwiugt bt dj. ;115> Hrib-

cbwiugt/Nbucbc ;115.

;? Xbksotb GDCV BDV_< ettp


31/656

Gb Guotsb hrbcs kbhrbcst ebt icgbrzibnshbkobg oc ebt iistbc. Ddc gbzb jddtstb nbuzb johhbc prdntosfebrbgbcbc tbc hricgsjdh, wddrvdc gb kbsfeonkddrebog bc tibhdcnbjolnebog vdc drfebijihosfeb hbhbvbcs bc`ysosfe-hbihrd`osfe nddrtmdtbroddj gb kbjdchrolnstb zolc.

Pbfet

OLssbj

Iugb OLssbj

[bhhbGocnbj

Girtebrkbbn

Kuursbrkbbn

Kbrnbj

Vjochb

[ovobrbc

d

k

f

gb

`

h

e

o

1 41 nm

C

Vdjjdcg

Wwbctb

Dfetbreibn

Jobmbrs

Pbjuwb

Guotsjdcg

4

;

6

7

2 0

8

5

?41

44

78

4;

4647

42 40

48 45

4?

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;4;;

;6 ;7

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24

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@oh. 4.4 Johhoch vdc ebt icgbrzibnshbkobg bc gb kbjdchrolnstb rbhois, pjddtsbc bc rovobrbc gob oc gb tbnst wirgbcvbrmbjg (jbhbcgd ip pdhocd 45).


32/656

@oh. 4.4 Jbhbcgd

Vdjjdcg

4 \wijjb 41 Eujsbc 4? Eijtbc ;5 Mdrockbrh

; Ottbrsumbrkribn 44 Colvbrgdj ;1 Eiiceirst ;? Kbrhbctebom

6 Ebrxbc 4; Ebbtbc ;4 Gdj`sbc 61 Edrgbckbrh

7 Xoleb 46 [dcgb ;; [bfetbrbc 64 Kddjgbr

2 Ijst 47 Gobpbcvbbc ;6 Pdrsbc 6; Hrdmskbrhbc

0 Xbsbpb 42 Gbvbctbr ;7 Immbc

8 [ddjtb 40 Vfedjneddr ;2 Drfebm

5 Juttbckbrh 48 Fijmsfedtb ;0 Gbc Edm

? Ebjjbcgiirc 45 Kdtembc ;8 Priimseiip

Wwbctb

66 Eiihb Ebxbj 74 Mdrnbji 7? Pijteb 28 Gburcochbc

67 Probzbcvbbc 7; Ebronb 21 Gbcbndmp 25 Edssbji

62 Xobrgbc 76 Hiir 24 Xbbrsbji 2? Ebchbji

60 Djmbji 77 Wukkbrhbc 2; Vddsvbjg 01 Jissbr

68 \ucd 72 Mdcgbr 26 Dzbji 04 Bcsfebgb

65 [olssbc 70 Pdssb 27 Kircb 0; Rssbji

6? Bctbr 78 Eddrjb 22 Hdmmbjnb 06 Eddnskbrhbc

71 Bjsbc 75 Iitmdrsum 20 Ijgbczddj 07 Kuursb

Dfetbreibn

02 Bpsb 8; Jifebm 8? Bokbrhbc 50 \bjebm

00 Bb`gb 86 Xofemicg 51 [bnnbc 58 Edjjb

08 Xdrcsvbjg 87 Pirgbc 54 Vtbbcgbrbc 55 Vojvijgb05 \utpebc 82 [uurji 5; Gibskurh 5? Pdrssbvbjg

0? Jdrbc 80 Kirfuji 56 Eummbji ?1 Jobvbjgb

81 Djmbc 88 Cbbgb 57 Gofetbrbc ?4 Ddjtbc

84 Dmpsbc 85 Mdjjbm 52 Gibtocfebm ?; Xoctbrswoln


33/656

4 Jduwbrobr/Jittb ;11;, 7;-76> Hbrr otsbc bt dj. ;112, 2-0>

Hribcbwiugt bt dj. ;110, 6-2.

; Jiuwb Niiolmdcs bt dj. ;112, 8?8-510.6

Eujst 4?8;d, 07.

.

Iist-Cbgbrjdcg cbbmt oc gb Cbgbrjdcgsb drfebiji-

hosfeb vdnwbrbjg bbc kbsfebogbc pisotob oc (pdr. 4.;).Ebt iistbc vdc ics jdcg wirgt giirhddcs kbsfeiuwgdjs bbc pbro`bbr hbkobg, wddr wbocoh drfebijihosfeicgbrzibn os uothbvibrg. Gb fjdsso`ofdtob pbro`bbrrb`brbbrt cobt djjbbc ddc gb johhoch tbc ipzofetb vdcgb [dcgstdg i` ebt ivbrwbhbcg rurdjb ndrdntbr vdcebt hbkobg, mddr iin ddc gb d`stdcg tit ucovbrso-tbotbc mbt bbc drfebijihosfeb icgbrzibnstrdgotob.Oc gb Drfebijihobkdjdcs uot ;11; bc gb CdtoicdjbIcgbrzibnsdhbcgd Drfebijihob (CIdD) wirgt gb

jdhb drfebijihosfeb nbccosstdcg viir ebt hbkobg ebr-eddjgbjoln kbcdgrunt (`oh. ;.4).4Gb mbbst hbcibmgbiirzddn os ebt ictkrbnbc vdc ucovbrsotdorb ddcgdfetviir Iist-Cbgbrjdcg. Giirhddcs wirgt br oc gbkbsferolvochbc wbj bbc icgbrsfebog hbmddnt tussbcIvbrolssbj bc gb Dfetbreibn. Wbrwolj bcnbjb Ivbrols-sbjsb iphrdvochbc im vbrsfeojjbcgb rbgbcbc jdcgb-jolnb kbnbcgebog nrbhbc, zidjs Rssbji, Mdrockbrh bcFijmsfedtb, wirgt gb Dfetbreibn cbbrhbzbt djs bbcdrfebijihosfe cih vrolwbj icicthiccbc hbkobg. \inimbc oc ebt rbfbct vbrsfebcbc ivbrzofetswbrn Cbgbrjdcg oc gb prbeostirob sjbfets twbb vocgpjddtsbc

uot gb Dfetbreibn viir.;

Gb icgbrzibnbrs gob oc gb jddtstb gbfbccod oc ebt hbkobg wbrnzddm wdrbc, zidjs gb privocfoddjdrfebijihbc [.V. Eujst (Hbjgbrjdcg) bc D.G. Pbrjocgb (Ivbrolssbj), wdrbc zofe tbrgbhb kbwust vdc gbrbjdtob` jdhb nbccosstdcg bc ebt hbkrbn ddc ucovbrsotdorb ddcgdfet. \b nbnbc mbt bbc ldjibrs iih cddr bbccdkolhbjbhbc, vbbj octbcsobvbr icgbrzifetb privocfob djs Grbcteb. Oc 4?8; vribh Eujst zofe tolgbcs bbcjbzoch ipbcjoln d` eib ebt mihbjoln wds gdt oc gb Dfetbreibn, bbc hbkobg mbt bbc ippbrvjdntb vdc zic4611 vobrndctb nojimbtbr, ip gdt mimbct eiihstbcs 421 prbeostirosfeb vocgpjddtsbc hbgifumbctbbrgwdrbc.6\olc jbzoch hd` eol gb totbj Gb Dfetbreibn cddr virbc. Iin Pbrjocgb sprdn mbbrmddjs zolc ichb-cibhbc uot ivbr ebt hbkrbn ddc wbtbcsfedppbjolnb ddcgdfet viir ebt hbkobg tbc iistbc vdc gb OLssbj.Gb ipstbjjoch vdc kbogb privocfoddj drfebijihbc ivbrzobcg, ziu zbj`s hbsprinbc nuccbc wirgbc vdc bbc

drfebijihosfe Iist-Cbgbrjdcgs mocgbrwddrgohebogshbvibj gdt vdcd` ebt bocg vdc gb ldrbc zbstoh vdc gbvirohb bbuw ddc gb ippbrvjdntb nwdm.

Oc got eii`gstun wirgt gb ddcgdfet hbrofet ip gb hbsfeobgbcos vdc gb drfebijihob kbib`bcoch ocIist-Cbgbrjdcg. Bbrst wirgt gb ddcgdfet hbrofet ip bcnbjb vribhb icgbrzibnbrs, d`nimstoh uot gb sifo-djb kivbcjdhbc vdc gb kbvijnoch, gob uot purb cobuwshobrohebog euc drkbogbrs jobtbc hrdvbc oc gb hrd`-ebuvbjs bc urcbcvbjgbc gob zi r olnbjoln ddcwbzoh wdrbc oc gb uothbstrbntb Iist-Cbgbrjdcgsb ebogbvbjgbc.Gb kbsferolvoch bocgoht mbt gb wbtbcsfedppbjolnb hbvijhbc vdc gb octriguftob vdc gb Mdjtd-wbthbvoch

@oh. ;.4 [bhois oc Cbgbrjdcg mbt bbc jdhb drfebijihosfeb

nbccosstdcg. Ebt icgbrzibnshbkobg os wbbrhbhbvbc oc

jofethrols. Cddr Jduwbrobr/Jittb ;11;, d`k. 8, ;6.


34/656

7 Kirmdc 4?54, 42-;1.2 Kirmdc 4?54, ;1.0 Pdc Ebussbc 48;2, 22;-227> Pdc gbr Dd 4575, 264-266>

Nuopbr 4?2?, 75.8 Nuopbr 4?2?, 75.5 I.d. Xobhbjs/Xibsjbr ;116.?

Gibskurh< Krichbrs 4?80d, 47. Djmbji< Drrbckbrh 4857,

;47> Xbstbcgirp/[buvbcs 45;0, 420> [buvbcs bt dj.

4572, ;> Eolszbjbr 4?04, 4;> Pbrjocgb 4?58d, 7. Oc got kibn

wirgt cddr icgbrgbjbc vdc ebt prib`sfero`t vdc D.G.

Pbrjocgb ficsbqubct vbrwbzbc djs Pbrjocgb 4?58d. Gbjbc

vdc ebt prib`sfero`t vbrsfebcbc dj bbrgbr, oc gb Kbrofetbc

vdc gb [olnsgobcst viir ebt Iugebognucgoh Kigbmicgbrzibn.41

Kdnnbr 4?56.

oc ebt jddtstb gbfbccoum. Giir moggbj vdc gb kbsferolvoch vdc gb kbjdchrolnstb ictwonnbjochbc giir gbbbuwbc ebbc wirgt kbpddjg i` gb sotudtob oc gb rbdjotbot wbj zi simkbr os djs kivbchbcibmgb pukjofdtobsgibc hbjivbc. Br wirgt bbc rbficstruftob hbmddnt vdc gb prifbssbc, ocstdctobs bc icgbrzibnbrs gob bbckbpdjbcgb rij ebkkbc hbspbbjg viir gb nbccosictwonnbjoch bc tebirobvirmoch. Oc eii`gstun 6 wirgtvbrvijhbcs ochbhddc ip ebt viirjipohb bocgrbsujtddt vdc gbzb ictwonnbjochbc, oc gb virm vdc bbc feri-

cijihosfe ivbrzofet vdc gb ip got mimbct kbsfeonkdrb drfebijihosfeb nbccos.

. ( )

Oc gb zbvbctobcgb, dfettobcgb bc ebt kbhoc vdc gb cbhbctobcgb bbuw os br cih hbbc sprdnb vdc bbcpri`bssoicbjb drfebijihob kbib`bcoch. Oc gb sifodjb kivbcjddh vdc gb kbvijnoch, kbstddcg uot dgbjjolnbc,hbbstbjolnbc bc eostirofo, kbstddt br wbj octbrbssb oc iugebgbc. Gbzb octbrbssb wbrg hbstomujbbrg giirtibvdjsvicgstbc vdc drfebijihosfeb iklbftbc. \i wbrgbc oc Colmbhbc bc imhbvoch, obts tbc zuogbc vdcebt icgbrzibnshbkobg, dj vdcd` gb vol`tobcgb bbuw rbhbjmdtoh [imbocsb iugebgbc hbvicgbc gob viir

bbc gbbj tbrbfet nwdmbc oc pdrtofujobrb vbrzdmbjochbc.

7

Oc 4515 jboggbc vicgstbc zbj`s tit bbc drfebi-jihosfe icgbrzibn oc gb Eijgburc, wddrviir Jigbwoln Cdpijbic hritb kbjdchstbjjoch tiicgb. 2 Gdtgbzb ddcwolzochbc viir [imbocsb kbwicoch iin oc Iist-Cbgbrjdcg tit gb vbrkbbjgoch sprdnbc, wirgthbjjustrbbrg giir gb dj vribh vbricgbrstbjgb nippbjoch tussbc ebt Dfetbreibnsb girp Pdrssbvbjg bc gbuot eostirosfeb kriccbc ivbrhbjbvbrgb Pdrussjdh.0Ebt cdkolhbjbhbc Edrrbvbjg wbrg oc vbrkdcg hbkrdfetmbt Drmocous, jbogbr gbr Hbrmdcbc. Gb ddccdmb gdt gb kbribmgb vbjgsjdh edg pjddtshbvicgbc oc gbDfetbreibn, giir Q. Nuopbr imsferbvbc djs bbc hibg viirkbbjg vdc vijns-btymijihob 8, mdco`bstbbrgbzofe kolviirkbbjg oc wbhbccdmbc. Wbc wbstbc vdc Pdrssbvbjg vocgbc wb gb mbbst kbnbcgb gddrvdc, gb[imobcbcgobn, gob gbbj uotmddnt vdc bbc kbjdchrolnb giirhddcgb riutb giir ebt fbctrdjb gbbj vdc gbDfetbreibn. Ebt micumbct gdt oc Pdrssbvbjg wbrg iphbrofet tbr cdhbgdfetbcos ddc gb Pdrussjdh kbstddtiin tbhbcwiirgoh cih. Gbzb [imbocsb ficcbftob, gob bbc ipvdjjbcgb rij spbbjgb oc ebt Dfetbreibnsb

fijjbftobvb kbwustzolc, os pds rbfbctbjoln tbc bocgb hbnimbc tibc wbrg vdsthbstbjg gdt gb Pdrussjdh pjddts-hbvicgbc ebb`t kol ebt Guotsb Ndjnrobsb, oc ebt Wbutikurhbrwiug.5

Oc Iist-Cbgbrjdcg wbrgbc gb bbrstb drfebijihosfeb vicgstbc, viir zivbr gdt uot eostir osfeb kriccbcndc wirgbc d`hbjbog, oc ebt kbhoc vdc gb dfettobcgb bbuw hbgddc. Oc 4818 wbrgbc moggbjbbuwsb hiu-gbc muctbc hbvicgbc oc Gibskurh, bc oc 484; bbc urc mbt frbmdtobrbstbc oc gb imhbvoch vdc Djmbji.?

Oc gbzbj`gb pbroigb icgbrzifet gb hbbstbjolnb L.E. Cuccoche dj hrd`ebuvbjs oc ebt ddc Wwbctb hrbczbcgbhrdd`sfedp Kbctebom (`oh. ;.;).41 Oc ebt jddtstb nwdrt vdc gb dfettobcgb bc gb bbrstb gbfbccod vdc gbcbhbctobcgb bbuw os bbc hbjbogbjolnb tibcdmb vdc ebt ddctdj drfebijihosfeb vicgstbc wddrcbbmkddr,mbt cdmb oc Wwbctb bc gb Dfetbreibn. Vdjjdcg trbbgt cih cduwbjolns ip gb viirhricg, bc gdt rbhoicdjbvbrsfeoj os iin oc jdtbrb dsbs guogbjoln mbrnkddr. Oc gb ldrbc twoctoh vdc gb cbhbctobcgb bbuw vbrsfebcbc

bcnbjb pukjofdtobs wddroc vicgstbc uot Iist-Cbgbrjdcg wirgbc vbrmbjg. Oc 45;; hbb`t D.F.X. Vtdrochvdc gbc Xojgbckirfe bbc bbrstb ivbrzofet vdc drfebijihosfeb vicgstbc uot gb nwdrtobrbc \utpebc bc


35/656

44 Vtdroch vdc gbc Xojgbckirfe 45;;.4; Xbstbcgirp/[buvbcs 45;0.46 [buvbcs bt dj. 4572.47 Pdc Koljdcgt 4571, 46, ciit 4> Eolszbjbr 4?77, 62> Pbr-

jocgb 4?58d, 7.42

Mijeuysbc 4577> [buvbcs bt dj.4572, 06> Eolszbjbr 4?77,

62.40 [uurji< Vtdroch vdc gbc Xojgbckirfe 45;;, 774-776>

Xbstbcgirp/[buvbcs 45;0, 427> [buvbcs bt dj. 4572,

8;. Xoctbrswoln< Drrbckbrh 4857> Xbstbcgirp/[buvbcs

45;0, 47?> [buvbcs bt dj. 4572, ?2> Pbrjocgb 4?58d, 7.48

Posfe 454?, 45;1> Eolszbjbr 4?77, 60> Pbrjocgb 4?58d, 7.

Pbjuwb.44Eol kbstbbgt icgbr mbbr ddcgdfet ddc vicgstbcuot ebt urcbcvbjg gb Ndttbckbjt kol [uurji, bbc [imbocsbmuct vdc Pbspdsodcus uot Hribcji bc bbc ip zolc jdcghibgXojgbckirfe kol Pirgbc hbvicgbc vuurstbcbc gijn. Pobrlddr jdtbr pukjofbbrgbc C. Xbstbcgirp bc F.L.F. [buvbcs

bbc drtonbj oc ebt iugebognucgohb tolgsfero`t Dctoquotbotbc,wddroc icgbr mbbr Iist-Cbgbrjdcgsb vocgpjddtsbc wbrgbckbsprinbc.4;Gddrcddst os iin bbc oc 4572 vbrsfebcbc ivbr-zofet vdc vocgpjddtsbc uot Cbgbrjdcg, Kbjho bc imhbvochvdc kbjdch, gdt hbpukjofbbrg wbrg giir F. Jbbmdcs bc [email protected] bc gbbjs hbkdsbbrg wds ip ocvbctdrosdtobs vdc [bu-vbcs.46

Oc gbzb vribhb ivbrzofetbc wirgbc bcbrzolgs tibvdjs-vicgstbc vdc kolviirkbbjg stbcbc koljbc bc [imbocsb

muctbc vbrmbjg, gob viirdj kol icthoccochbc ddc ebt jofetnwdmbc. Dcgbrzolgs hochbc pbrsicbc uot gb bjotb gibjkbwustip zibn cddr iugebgbc. Prolwbj zicgbr uotzicgbroch kbtrb`tebt privosirosfeb icgbrzibnlbs vdc jddt-prbeostirosfeb hrd`-vbjgbc. Gb ebbr Pdc gbr Fdpbjjbc gbbg oc 4882 kolviirkbbjgdj iphrdvochbc oc ebogbcsfeb kbhrdd`pjddtsbc oc Ivbrols-sbj.47Xbjnb hrd`vbjgbc eol icgbrzifet os cobt tb dfetbredjbc,mddr ebt os vrolwbj zbnbr gdt zb oc Wwbctb jdhbc. D. Vfeommbjpbccofn gbbg oc 45;1 iphrdvochbc oc ebtLddhippbrsvbjg kol Iitmdrsum, wddrkol icgbr mbbr bbc urc mbt frbmdtob, gb puct vdc bbc kriczbc gijnbc bbc [imbocsb muct hbvicgbc wbrgbc.42Gbzbj`gb ictwonnbjoch os zofetkddr oc gb Dfetbreibn. Ebturcbcvbjg vdc gb Ndttbckbjt kol [uurji wbrg ictgbnt giir Kdric vdc Ebbfnbrbc vdc Nbjj, bc br zolc vbr-

hbjolnkdrb vicgstbc uot bbc hrd`vbjg oc Xoctbrswoln kbnbcg.40Gb ipnimst vdc ebt hrdèbuvbjicgbrzibnoc gbzb pbroigb os hbbc spbfoòbn Iist-Cbgbrjdcgs vbrsfeolcsbj. Oc ebt ddchrbczbcgb hrdd`sfedp Kbctebomkolviirkbbjg icgbrzifet gb prbgondct X.@. Posfe vbrsfeojjbcgb hrdèbuvbjs.48

Ebt sprbbnt viir zofe gdt gb vribhb iphrdvochbc vdc hrd`micumbctbc hbbc wbtbcsfedppbjoln ndrdn-tbr edggbc. Ebt kbtrb`t njbocsfedjohb bc ippirtucostosfeb icgbrzibnlbs, wddrkol ebt kbjdchrolnstb gibjwds im iugebgbc tb vbrzdmbjbc. Gb eobr kbsprinbc iphrdvochbc zolc gbhbcb gob, oc vbrsfeojjbcgb mdtbvdc gbtdoj, uot eostirosfeb kriccbc kbnbcg zolc. Ebt ddctdj promotobvb iphrdvochbc gob oc gb vbrhbtbj-ebog zolc hbrddnt, zdj vbjb mdjbc hritbr hbwbbst zolc. \iwbj oc dksijutb ddctdjjbc (òh. ;.6) djs wdt kbtrb`twbtbcsfedppbjolnb wddrgb spbjbc zb sjbfets bbc mdrhocdjb rij. \b vbrsfed``bc wbj oczofet oc bbc hribobcgkbwustzolc bc bbc hbjbogbjoln tibcbmbcgb octbrbssb oc drfebijihob.

@oh. ;.; Ndcuccon L.E. Cuccoche (4082-4862)

kbrht bbc urc oc ebt hrdd`sfedp Kbctebom.

Hrdvurb uot 4844. Cddr Kdnnbr 4?56, òh. 2, ;;.


36/656

45 Jwon ;116, ;8-;5.4? Vjofebr vdc Kdte 4?77k, 40;-40?> Jwon ;116, ;8-64.;1

Pbrjocgb 4?58d, 7-2.

;4 Pbrjocgb 4?58d, 2.;; Xbbjoch 4560> Ebjgbrmdc 4568. Gbzb vbrstbrnoch wbrg

iin dj giir Qofdrgt vbrmbjg (4001, 54).

. ( - )

;.6.4 Qrivocfodjb djmdcdnnbc, vbrbcohochbc bc hbciitsfedppbc

Pdcd` gb ldrbc gbrtoh vdc gb cbhbctobcgb bbuw vicgbc vbrsfeojjbcgb kbjdchrolnb ictwonnbjochbc pjddtsoc gb imhdch mbt bc gb stugob vdc gb fujtuureostirob vdc Iist-Cbgbrjdcg. Oc zolc prib`sfero`t ivbrgb ictwonnbjoch vdc ebt rbhoicdjosmb oc Wwbctb sprbbnt @.H.E. Jwon vdc bbc `dsb, nirt cd gb @rdcsb

ivbrebbrsoch, wddroc viirdj icgbr lichbrbc gb grdch ictsticg im zofe tb kbvrolgbc vdc ebt @rdcsb bcfjdssosostosfeb fujtuurompbrodjosmb bc ip zibn tb hddc cddr ebt cdtoicddj- bc strbbnbohbcb.45Oc gbzb ict-wonnbjoch pdst gb ipr ofetoch vdc govbrsb privocfodjb bc rbhoicdjb djmdcdnnbc, hbsfeobg- bc tddjnucgohbvbrbcohochbc bc hbciitsfedppbc.

Imstrbbns 4562 vbrsfebcbc ziwbj gb Ivbrolssbjsfeb Djmdcdn viir Iugebog bc Jbttbrbc djs gb Hbj-gbrsfeb Pijnsdjmdcdn.4?Kbjdchrolnb pbrsicbc dfetbr gb Ivbrolssbjsfeb Djmdcdn wdrbc L.E. Edjkbrtsmd,Q.F. Mijeuysbc bc L. vdc Giircocfn. Edjkbrtsmd bc Mijeuysbc wdrbc prbgondctbc, bc Pdc Giircofngb bbrstb drfeovdros vdc Ivbrolssbj. Oc gb djmdcdnnbc wbrgbc drtonbjbc vdc wossbjbcgb nwdjotbot bc ivbrgovbrsb icgbrwbrpbc hbpukjofbbrg. Gb icgbrwbrpbc jipbc uotbbc vdc tddjnucgb, strbbnbohbcebog bc ebtndrdntbr vdc gb ocebbmsb kbvijnoch vdc Iist-Cbgbrjdcg (ebt zihbcddmgb Vdnsbcvrddhstun) tit vbr-

sjdhbc vdc drfebijihosfe icgbrzibn. Piir ebt bbrst wds br bbc mbgoum wddroc drfebijihosfeb vicgstbcddc ebt hritbrb pukjobn nicgbc wirgbc hbprbsbctbbrg. [bhbjmdtoh vbrsfebcbc drtonbjbc ivbr eucbkbj-tbc, i`wbj hrd`ebuvbjs, bc wottb wobvbc. Br wbrg hbtrdfet rbjdtobs tb jbhhbc tussbc bohbc wddrcbmochbc,vbredjbc vdc njdssobnb dutburs bc vijnsvbredjbc bc jbhbcgbc.;1Ivbr wob br vbrdctwiirgbjoln wdrbc viirgb ddcjbh vdc hrd`ebuvbjs vbrsfeojgbc gb mbcochbc. Mbbstdj wbrgbc zb tibhbsferbvbc ddc [imbocbc bcHbrmdcbc, sims ddc Vdnsbc i` @rdcnbc.;4Cddst hrd`micumbctbc sprdn iin gb moggbjbbuwsb vbrstbr-noch vdc gb Eucbckirh tb Pijteb tit gb vbrkbbjgoch, hbtuohb bcnbjb kolgrdhbc mbt gdt icgbrwbrp.;;

1

411

;11

611

711

211

011

811

511

4511

-451?

4541

-454?

45;1

-45;?

4561

-456?

4571

-457?

4521

-452?

4501

-450?

4581

-458?

4551

-455?

45?1

-45??

4?11

-4?1?

4?41

-4?4?

4?;1

-4?;?

4?61

-4?6?

4?71

-4?7?

4?21

-4?2?

4?01

-4?0?

4?81

-4?8?

4?51

-4?5?

4??1

-4???

;111

-;118

ddctdjwddrcbmochbc

@oh. ;.6 Ddctdj oc Drfeos hbgifumbctbbrgb drfebijihosfeb wddrcbmochbc, hbrdchsfeont pbr gbfbccoum vdc ictgbnnoch. Vtdcg

kbhoc ;118 (hbhbvbcs K. Qbtbrs, [olnsgobcst viir ebt Fujturbbj Br`hibg).


37/656

;6 Kiicbckurh 4?85, 6;.;7 [igoch 4?28, ?4-?6> Kiicbckurh 4?85, 6;> Pbrjocgb

4?58d, 2> 4?50d, 447.;2 [igoch 4?28, ?4-?6> Kiicbckurh 4?85, 6;.;0 Kiicbckurh 4?85, 66.;8 Gb kbnbcgb hbijiih bc jdcgkiuwnucgohb X.F.E. Vtd-

roch hd` viir gb vbrbcohoch jbzochbc ivbr gb ddrgnucgb

vdc Wwbctb, Vdjjdcg bc ebt Jdcg vdc Pijjbceivb (Vtdroch

4572, 4570> [igoch 4?28).

;5 Jwon ;116, 61.;? Jwon ;116, 61-64.61 Wbr Nuojb 4?25> Kiicbckurh 4?85, 6;> Eihbcstolc ;115>

Vjbbkb ;115.64 \bojbr 4?5?.6; Hbcgbrs 4?85, 414.66 Bchbjbc 4?40, 4?6;.67 Vtddts Bvbrs 4554.

Oc 4565 wbrg oc \wijjb bbc Xbtbcsfedppbjoln Hbciitsfedp iphbrofet. Ebt gibj wds bbc sbrob jbzoc-hbc viirt tb zbttbc, gob viirebbc hbirhdcosbbrg wdrbc giir mr. L. tbr Qbjnwoln bc kbtrbnnoch edggbcip hbsfeobgbcos, ddrgrolnsnucgb, cdtuurnucgb bc cdtuurjolnb eostirob.;6Ebt Xbtbcsfedppbjoln Hbciit-sfedp tb \wijjb wds hbbc jdch jbvbc kbsfeirbc. Dj oc 4574 wbrg gb cddm hbwolzohg oc IvbrolssbjsfebPbrbbcohoch tbr Ictwonnbjoch vdc Qrivocfodjb Xbjvddrt.;7Gb vbrbcohoch stbjgb zofe krbgb cobuwb gib-

jbc, wddricgbr gb kbvirgbroch vdc gb stdtostobnb nbccos vdc Ivbrolssbj, gb ddcmibgohoch vdc ocgustrojbtdjbctbc bc oc ebt djhbmbbc djjbs wdt viir gb ictwonnbjoch vdc gb privocfodjb wbjvddrt vdc kbjdch niczolc.;2\b kbsfeontb ivbr bbc njbocb kokjoitebbn bc bbc kbsfebogbc musbum, wddroc viirdj cdtuureosti-rosfeb bc btcihrd`osfeb iklbftbc wbrgbc tbctiichbstbjg.;0Gddrcddst wbrgbc br jbzochbc hbirhdcosbbrg.;8

\idjs jdtbr oc got eii`gstun zdj wirgbc ddchbtiicg, wds gb vbrbcohoch iin vbrdctwiirgbjoln viir bcnbjbiphrdvochbc oc Wwbctb.

Gb Ivbrolssbjsb Pijnsdjmdcdn nwdm vdcwbhb d`cbmbcgb kbjdchstbjjoch dj oc 4522 tbc bocgb. EddrHbjgbrsb tbhbcedchbr eobjg ebt vij tit 4?11.;5Pdcd` ebt bocg vdc gb cbhbctobcgb bbuw vbrsfebcbc, mbtwossbjbcg suffbs, iin rbhoicddj hbrobctbbrgb djmdcdnnbc. Piirkbbjgbc uot Wwbctb zolc gb Wwbctsfeb

Djmdcdn bc gb Pijns-Djmdcdn viir Bcsfebgb bc Jiccbnbr

;?

, bc oc gb Dfetbreibn - oc bbc wdt jdtbrstdgoum - gb Djmdcdn viir gbc Dfetbreibn bc ebt Vfeopkbbngdj. Ebt vbrgwolcbc vdc gb Ivbrolssbjsbdjmdcdn wbrg giir simmohbc dj scbj djs bbc hbmos brvdrbc. Gdt jboggb oc 4525 tit gb iprofetoch vdcgb Pbrbbcohoch tit Kbib`bcoch vdc Ivbrolssbjsfe [bht bc Hbsfeobgbcos. Ebt wds gb kbgibjoch gdt gobvbrbcohoch bbc fbctrdjb rij ziu hddc spbjbc kol gb ipspiroch bc ebt wbrbjgnucgoh mdnbc vdc djjbs wdtkbtrbnnoch edg ip gb hbsfeobgbcos vdc Ivbrolssbj, wddrkol gb cdgrun viirdj jdh ip drfeob`icgbrzibn bcgb stugob vdc ebt vribhbrb Ivbrolssbjsb rbfet.61Oc ebt bocg vdc gb cbhbctobcgb bbuw ziu gb vbrbcohochgb grolvbcgb nrdfet wirgbc dfetbr gb iprofetoch vdc ebt bbrstb privocfodjb musbum vdc Ivbrolssbj.

Nirt cd ebt moggbc vdc gb cbhbctobcgb bbuw kbhiccbc stbgbc djs Gbvbctbr bc \utpebc mbt ebtsdmbcstbjjbc vdc kbsfebogbc, viirdj strbbnhbrofetb fijjbftobs, wddroc sims drfebijihosfeb vicgstbc wbr-

gbc iphbcimbc. \i wbrg oc Gbvbctbr oc 4520 bbc ndkocbt vdc mbrnwddrgohebgbc kolbbchbkrdfet, gdtvdcd` 4?42 iphbcimbc wbrg oc musbum Gb Xddh.64Ebt stdgskbstuur vdc \utpebc kbsjiit oc 4500 titebt vbrzdmbjbc vdc viirwbrpbc vdc eostirosfe kbjdch, wddrmbb gb hricgsjdh viir gb fijjbftob vdc gbIugebogndmbr vdc \utpebc bc gb Hrdd`sfedp (vdcd` 4?16) hbjbhg wbrg. 6;Oc gb fijjbftob vdc \utpebckbvicgbc zofe icgbr mbbr stbcbc koljbc, bc urcbc uot vbrsfeojjbcgb Dfetbreibnsb hrd`vbjgbc. 66 Bbcvbrhbjolnkdrb ictwonnbjoch os ivbrohbcs ebrnbckddr oc ebt tbc zuogbc vdc ebt icgbrzibnshbkobg hbjbhbcDrcebm, wddr oc gb twbbgb ebj`t vdc gb cbhbctobcgb bbuw ebt Drcebmsfe Musbum vdc Iugebgbchbstofet wbrg.67


38/656

62 Gbzb bc vijhbcgb djocbd zolc mbt cdmb hbkdsbbrg ip

Krdcts 4562, Krucstoch 4?78, ;67-;60 bc Krichbrs ;11;,

444-44;. \ob Krichbrs ;11; bc Firgùcnb bt dj. ;118

viir ivbrzofetbc vdc ebt jbvbc bc gb wbtbcsfedppbjolnb

fdrrorb vdc [buvbcs.

60 Xojebjmo 4561.68 \ob i.d. Krdcts 4562> Edjkbr tsmd 4568> Eolszbjbr 4?77,

6;-67.65 Pic Ibrtzbc 45;1.6?

Pdc Koljdcgt 4571, 46> Eolszbjbr 4?77, 62> Pbrjocgb 4?58d, 2.

;.6.; Drfebijihosfe icgbrzibn bc tibvdjsvicgstbc

Ebt drfebijihosfe icgbrzibn oc Iist-Cbgbrjdcg tussbc 4561 bc 4581 wolnt ip bcnbjb puctbc d` vdc gbviirhddcgb pbroigb. Gb ivbrhdch tussbc kbogb `dsbs wirgt hbmdrnbbrg giir gb iphrdvoch vdc gb Xottb-wolvbckujt kol Bb`gb, gob oc sbptbmkbr 4567 giir F.L.F. [buvbcs bc D. Krdcts uothbvibrg wbrg. 62Bcnbjb

mddcgbc bbrgbr wdrbc ip ebt tbrrboc kol wbrnzddmebgbc vbrsfeojjbcgb vicgstbc hbgddc, wddricgbrddrgbwbrn, bbc [imbocsb muct bc vbrsfeojjbcgb drtb`dftbc vdc olzbr. Cddr ddcjbogoch vdc gb vicgstbccdm Krdcts, gb bohbcddr vdc ebt pbrfbbj, fictdft ip mbt [buvbcs. Gddrtib hbcsporbbrg giir bbc rbfbctvbrsfebcbc Guotsb pukjofdtob ivbr hrdèbuvbjicgbrzibn wds Krdcts vdc pjdc bbc iphrdvoch tb gibc.60

Gb Xottbwolvbckujt mddntb gbbj uot vdc bbc hrdèbuvbjhribp kol ebt br` Vprochip. Ddc gb ebuvbj wds,zidjs oc Iist-Cbgbrjdcg wbj vdnbr viirnimt68, bbc vijnsvbreddj ivbr wottb wobvbc vbrkicgbc. Gbzbspiindfetohb òhurbc ziugbc gb ebuvbj oc gb Nbrstcdfet djs gdcspjddts hbkruonbc. Cd d`jiip kbhdvbc zbzofe cddr bbc cdkolhbjbhbc wdtbrtlb im zofe tb kdgbc, wddrcd zb icgbrginbc bc vbrgwbcbc.

Cd bcohb fictdftbc tussbc Krdcts bc [buvbcs nwdm ebt ocgbrgddg tit bbc icgbrzibn, gdt bcnbjb

gdhbc oc kbsjdh cdm. Eibwbj ivbrbbchbnimbc wds gdt Krdcts gb jbogoch edg bc [buvbcs tibsfeiu-wbr ziu zolc, cdm gb Jbogsb eiihjbrddr gorbft gb rbhob oc edcgbc. [buvbcs edg tolgbcs iphrdvochbc ocDrbctskurh vbjgwbrnbrvdroch iphbgddc, mddr gb Xottbwolvbckujt wds gb bbrstb hrdèbuvbj gob eol icgbr-zifet. Ip kdsos vdc bbc oc gb sbrobDctoquotbotbcgiir gb Guotsb ei`mddrsfedjn Pic Ibrtzbc bc prbgondctX.@. Posfe hbpukjofbbrgb mbteigb65kbsjiit eol vdc iist cddr wbst bbc sjbu` giir gb ebuvbj tb hrdvbc.Bbc fbctrdjb hrd`nuoj wbrg cobt ddchbtri``bc i` os cobt ebrnbcg. Xbj wbrgbc bcnbjb frbmdtobhrdvbc hbrb-hostrbbrg bc vicg eol prbeostirosfe ddrgbwbrn, wddricgbr bbc fimpjbbt pitlb. Rot gb ddcwbzohebog vdcbbc gbprbssob oc gb tip vdc gb ebuvbj wbrg guogbjoln gdt gbzb dj bbrgbr gb kbjdchstbjjoch edg hbtrinnbcvdc sfedthrdvbrs. Ebt wds gb kbgibjoch im gb rbsujtdtbc vdc gb iphrdvoch vdc gb Xottbwobvbckujt bcdcgbrb cih tb icgbrzibnbc hrd`micumbctbc tb pukjofbrbc. Imgdt [buvbcs ebt vijhbcgb lddr dj ivbr-jbbg, wbrg got pjdc cobt hbrbdjosbbrg. Gbsicgdcns ndc gb iphrdvoch djs ebt bbrstb, hibg hbgifumbctbbrgb

hrdèbuvbjicgbrzibn oc Cbgbrjdcg wirgbc hbndrdntbrosbbrg. Gb johhoch vdc gb vbrsfeojjbcgb hrdèbuvbjsos vdsthbjbhg. Ip bbc iphrdvochspjdttbhricg zolc gb sjbu`, spirbc bc vicgstbc ochbtbnbcg. Gddrcddsttbnbcgb [buvbcs bbc priòbj vdc gb ebuvbj, bc eobjg eol bbc iphrdvochsliurcddj bc vicgstbcjolst kol. Gbhbvicgbc frbmdtobrbstbc wbrgbc icgbrzifet, bc bbc \utpebcsb dpitebnbr vibrgb bbc sfebonucgohbdcdjysb uot vdc gb vbrsfeojjbcgb kigbmjdhbc.

Ebt eihb covbdu vdc icgbrzibn bc gifumbctdtob vdc [buvbcs wbrg tolgbcs dcgbrb iphrdvochbc ocIist-Cbgbrjdcg oc gbzbj`gb pbroigb cobt kbrbont. Bbc kbjdchroln vbrsfeoj mbt gb viirhddcgb pbroigb oswbj, gdt mbt gb twbb privocfodjb djmdcdnnbc cu bbc mihbjolnebog kbsticg im rbsujtdtbc vdc iugebog-nucgoh icgbrzibn tb pukjofbrbc. \i os kbnbcg uot gb Ivbrolssbjsb djmdcdn, gdt gb Hrdd` vdc Koljdcgt ocluco 456? viir bbcohb jobèbkkbrs vdc vdgbrjdcgsfeb iugebgbc bbc uotstdplb cddr gb Ebronbrkbrh tbc

ciirgbc vdc Mdrnbji irhdcosbbrgb, djwddr mbc bbcohb eiip edg, ichbsfeicgbcb kbhrdd`pjddtsbc iczbrEbogbcsfeb viirvdgbrbc tb vocgbc.6?Gb hrdd` jobt giir zolc drkbogbrs vobr hrdèbuvbjs icgbrzibnbc,oc twbb hbvdjjbc giir moggbj vdc bbc nruossjbu`. Oc c vdc gb ebuvbjs wbrg, vjdn icgbr ebt ebuvbjip-pbrvjdn, bbc kriczbc Xiejgb-zwddrg hbvicgbc (òh. ;.7). Iin vbbj vdc gb ebuvbjs oc gb imhbvoch vdc


39/656

71 Mijeuysbc 4577> Eolszbjbr 4?77, 62.74 Vtirn 4572> Eolszbjbr 4?77, 62, 4?04, 42> Pbrjocgb 4?58d, 2.7;

Ebjgr och 4574, UOOO.

76 Dcicobm 4570> Qjbytb 4552, ;4 bc QJ. U> Kutjbr 4?02>

Pbrjocgb 4?51d, 41.77

Dcicobm 4570, ;22.

gb Ebronbrkbrh wdrbc, cbt djs gb Xottbwolvbckujt,oc bbc bbrgbr stdgoum dj bbcs tbc priio hbvdjjbcddc sfedthrdvbrs. Cbt djs oc gb viirhddcgb pbro-igb kjbvbc gb hrdèbuvbjs bc urcbcvbjgbc oc gbWwbctsb ebogbvbjgbc gb hriitstb ddctrbnnochs-

nrdfet uotib`bcbc. Q.F. Mijeuysbc, gb prbgondctgob bbrgbr vbrmbjg wbrg djs c vdc gb nrdfetbcdfetbr gb iprofetoch vdc gb Ivbrolssbjsb Pijnsdjmd-cdn, rofettb zofe iin ip gbzb strbbn. \i icgbrzifeteol hrdèbuvbjs oc Iitmdrsum, Pdssb bc Eddrjb.71Ocbcnbjb hbvdjjbc wbrg icgbrzibn oc Wwbctb hbsto-mujbbrg giir gb Ivbrolssbjsfeb Pbrbbcohoch titIctwonnbjoch vdc Qrivocfodjb Xbjvddrt. L.E. Vtirn,cbt djs Mijeuysbc bbc prbgondct, wbrg gddrviirochbzbt. Eol rofettb zolc ddcgdfet icgbr mbbr ip

gb imhbvoch vdc Xbbrsbji.

74

Vtirns icgbrzibn wdsivbrohbcs cobt djtolg bvbc òlczoccoh. Eol niis br ocXbbrsbji zbj`s viir im gb kigbm mbt bbc pjibhtb giirwibjbc. Gb hbvicgbc drtb`dftbc wbrgbchbsfeicnbc ddc gb vbrbcohoch. Iin ebt icgbrzibnoc gb Dfetbreibn wbrg viirthbzbt. Oc gb Hbjgbr-sfeb Pijnsdjmdcdn vdc 4574 wirgbc kolviirkbbjgurcbc vbrmbjg gob giir gb Kdric vdc Ebbfnbrbcvdc Bcneuozbc bc Vicskbbn oc gb imhbvoch vdczolc jdcghibg kol Eummbji wbrgbc hbvicgbc.7;

Cddst gb viirdj ip hrdèbuvbjs hbrofetb icgbr-zibnbc nwdmbc br mbt hritb rbhbjmddt tibvdjs-vicgstbc ddc ebt jofet, viirdj tolgbcs gb oc gb jiipvdc gb cbhbctobcgb bbuw tibcbmbcgb icthoccoc-hbc vdc ebogbvbjgbc bc vbbchbkobgbc. Pddn kbtrièbt jissb vicgstbc vdc kolviirkbbjg stbcbc bckriczbc koljbc, wddrvdc gb vicgstimstdcgohebgbceiihuot kol kbcdgbroch wbrgbc vdsthbjbhg. Bc vdc gb kbnbcgstb vicgstbc uot gbzb pbr oigb os bbc gbpituot gb jdtb kricstolg, gdt oc 4570 hbvicgbc wbrg oc Bjsbc.76Ebt kbstddt uot vbrsfeojjbcgb kriczbc drtb`df-tbc, wddricgbr twbb zbjgzdmb imbhd-virmohb drmkdcgbc. Pijhbcs gb kbsferolvoch oc gb IvbrolssbjsfebPijnsdjmdcdn vdc ebt vijhbcgb lddr wdrbc gb drtb`dftbc oc bjnddr hbwonnbjg oc bbc wdj tussbc kiuwjdcg

bc ebogb hbvicgbc.77

@oh. ;.7 Xiejgb-zwddrg uot gb moggbc-kricstolg D, oc 456?

hbvicgbc oc bbc hrdèbuvbj ip gb Ebronbrkbrh kol Mdrnbji.

Cddr Pdc Koljdcgt 4571.


40/656

72 Wbr Nuojb 4?25, 45> Kiicbckurh 4?85, 6;-66> Pbrjocgb

4?58d, 0> Pdc Goln ;115.70 Oc 4?27 wbrg ebt prbgofddt Hbsfeobgnucgoh uot gb cddm

vdc ebt musbum vbrwolgbrg. Pdcd` gdt mimbct wbrg br

hbsprinbc vdc ebt Qrivocfoddj Ivbrolssbjsfe Musbum

(QIM). Oc 4??0 wbrg gbzb cddm vbrdcgbrg oc Vtbgbjoln

Musbum \wijjb, wddrmbb uotoch wbrg hbhbvbc ddc gb

hritbr wirgbcgb cdgrun ip gb strbbn ricg \wijjb oc

pjddts vdc ip gb hbebjb privocfob (Kiicbckurh 4?85>

Pdc Goln ;115).

78 Pbrjocgb 4?58d, 0.75 Hbbsocn 4?7?, UUOU< bc eibwbj gb ipzbt vdc ebt

Musbum vdc gbc ddcvdch d` stbbgs os hbwbbst bbc

hbwbstbjoln Musbum, tife ebb`t ebt privocfoddj kbstuur

gb bbrstb vol`toh ldrbc ebjdds cobt gb mocstb kbjdchstbjjoch

br viir hbedg.7? Mujgbr 455?> Eolszbjbr 4?77, 68> Pbrjocgb 4?58d, 0.21 Mujgbr 455?, 8 bc 4;-47.24 Qjbytb 4552, 4558> Pbrjocgb 4?58d, 0.

. ( - )

;.7.4 Ebt Qrivocfoddj Hbsfeobgnucgoh Ivbrolssbjsfe Musbum oc \wijjb

Oc ebt ndgbr vdc eddr ;2-ldroh kbstddc irhdcosbbrgb gb Pbrbbcohoch tit Kbib`bcoch vdc Ivbrolssbjsfe[bht bc Hbsfeobgbcos (PI[H) oc 455; bbc kolzicgbrb bxpisotob oc \wijjb.72Gb nbrc vdc gb tbctiic-stbjjoch wbrg hbvirmg giir iklbftbc vdc gb vbrbcohoch zbj`, ddchbvujg mbt bbc gbbj vdc gb fijjbftob uotebt musbum vdc gb Ivbrolssbjsfeb Pbrbbcohoch tit Ictwonnbjoch vdc Qrivocfodjb Xbjvddrt bc iklbftbcgob oc ebt kbzot wdrbc vdc pdrtofujobrbc. Cd d`jiip vdc gb Hbsfeobgnucgoh-Ivbrolssbjsfeb tbctiicstbj-joch ivbrebbrstb ebt hbvibj gdt ebt zicgb ziu zolc gdt gb iphbkiuwgb fijjbftob wbbr uot bjnddr ziuvdjjbc, bc wbrg oc ebt vijhbcgb lddr kbsjitbc tit gb iprofetoch vdc bbc cobuw musbum. Oc 4557 wds ebtQrivocfoddj Hbsfeobgnucgoh Ivbrolssbjsfe Musbum bbc `bot. Ebt kbebbr wbrg giir gb PI[H ip zofehbcimbc. Ddcvdcnbjoln kjbb` gb fijjbftob vdc gb Pbrbbcohoch tit Ictwonnbjoch vdc Qrivocfodjb Xbjvddrthbsfebogbc. Oc 4?12 wbrg bbc cobuwb ruomtb viir ebt musbum hbvicgbc, wddroc pjddts wds viir djjb

vicgstbc. Got kbtbnbcgb tbvbcs ebt bocgb vdc gb jddtsthbcibmgb vbrbcohoch.

70

Gb iprofetoch vdc ebt \wijsb musbum mdrnbbrgb oc drfebijihosfe ipzofet bbc kbjdchrolnb imsjdh.Piir ebt bbrst nicgbc gb vicgstbc uot Ivbrolssbj ip bbc fbctrdjb pjddts hbrbhostrbbrg bc tbctiichbstbjgwirgbc.78\idjs cih kbsprinbc zdj wirgbc, guurgb gbzb fbctrdjb rij djs bbc hbvijh vdc musbdjb ictwon-nbjochbc oc Wwbctb sjbfets bcnbjb gbfbccod. Ivbrohbcs nbcgb ebt musbum vdcd` gb stofetoch dj òcdcfojbmibojolnebgbc, ddchbzobc ebt privocfoddj kbstuur br cduwbjolns kbjdchstbjjoch viir tiicgb.75Drfebijihosfevbjgicgbrzibn spbbjgb sjbfets bbc mdrhocdjb rij oc gb gdhbjolnsb prdntoln vdc ebt \wijsb musbum. Bbciphrdvoch giir L.X. Mujgbr, gb tibcmdjohb gorbftbur, os eobrip bbc uotzicgbroch. Eol icgbrzifet bbchribp vdc cbhbc hrdèbuvbjs kol gb Micconbckrddn kol Wukkbrhbc, bc pukjofbbrgb gb rbsujtdtbc oc 455?.7?

Mbt zolc nbuzb viir bbc prbeostirosfe hrd`vbjg oc Wwbctb sjiit eol zofe ziwbj oc tebmdtosfe djs oc rbhoicddj

ipzofet ddc kol viirhddcgb icgbrzibnbrs. Mujgbr icgbrnbcgb ebt guogbjolnb vbrsfeoj oc nbccosstdcg tussbcWwbctb bc gb dcgbrb gbjbc vdc Ivbrolssbj wbj, bc sfeicn oc zolc drtonbj iin bcohb ddcgdfet ddc bbc mihbjolnhrd`vbjg bc grob zihbcddmgb Nobnbckbjtbc oc Fijmsfedtb.21Ivbrohbcs vbrtiict gb pukjofdtob vdc Mujgbr qudstolj ivbrbbcnimstbc mbt ebt bcnbjb ldrbc bbrgbr giir gb Jbogsb eiihjbrddr X. Qjbytb hbpukjofbbrgb stdcgddrg-wbrn Cbgbrjdcgsfeb Iugebgbc, gdt nbccbjoln bbc ocsporbrbcgb wbrnoch edg hbedg.24Guogbjoln os gdt ebtprivocfodjb musbum zofe oc drfebijihosfe ipzofet viirdj priòjbbrgb djs bbc fbctrdjb rbhostrdtob- bc tbctiic-stbjjochspjddts, bc d`hbzobc vdc Mujgbrs iphrdvoch - hbbc ocstbjjoch wds gob drfebijihosfe icgbrzibn oc gbprivocfob ocotobbrgb i` stomujbbrgb. Pdcd` ebt kbhoc vdc gb twoctohstb bbuw ziu gb Iugebogndmbr Wwbctb gdtwbj hddc gibc. Eobrgiir ziu Wwbctb oc gb bbrstb ebj`t vdc gb twoctohstb bbuw bbc stbbgs hritbrb viirsprichoc drfebijihosfeb nbccos hddc ipkiuwbc. Ebt os ddccbmbjoln gdt cddst ebt kbjbog vdc ebt \wijsb musbum iingb sfeddrstb ddc hibg ebrnbckdrb hrdèbuvbjs oc Vdjjdcg bbc rij oc gbzb ictwonnbjoch ebb`t hbspbbjg.


41/656

2; Gbmibg 4?58> Qdsndmp-vdc Vdctbc ;112, 02.26 Kv. Igocn 4?;8.27 \ob viir gb dfetbrhricg bc govbrsb dftovotbotbc vdc gbzb

iugebogndmbr gb tbr hbjbhbcebog vdc ebt eicgbrgldroh

kbstddc uothbkrdfetb bbstkucgbj (Qdsndmp-vdc Vdctbc bt

dj. ;112), bc Jwon ;116, 75-27.22 Jwon ;116, 75> Pbrkbbn ;112, ;6-;7.20 Qdsndmp-vdc Vdctbc bt dj.;112, 40. Gb tbnst os vdc L.L.

vdc Gbocsb, hbpukjofbbrg oc ebt gdhkjdg Wukdctod, lddr-

hdch 62, cr. 76.

;.7.; Gb Iugebogndmbr Wwbctb bc ebt [olnsmusbum Wwbcteb

Pdcd` ebt kbhoc vdc gb twoctohstb bbuw cdm gb octbrbssb viir drfebijihob oc Wwbctb stbrn tib. Gbzb

ictwonnbjoch ndc hbnippbjg wirgbc ddc gb vbrgbjoch vdc gb mdrnbhricgbc, gob vdcd` ebt moggbc vdc gbcbhbctobcgb bbuw bbc kbjdchrolnb vbrdcgbroch ip ebt pjdttbjdcg tbwbbh krdfet. Govbrsb ocgustrojbc, goboc gb ipnimbcgb Wwbctsb tbxtobjocgustrob rolngim edggbc vbrhddrg, hochbc kbjbhhbc oc gb vrolhbnimbcwibstb hricgbc ricg gb stbgbc gob zb ip hritb sfeddj ipnifetbc. Giir gb Cbgbrjdcgsb Ebogb Mddt-sfedppol, gob oc 4555 icgbr mbbr giir Wwbctsb `dkrondctbc iphbrofet wds, wbrg bbc hriit gbbj gddrvdckbkist i` imhbzbt oc wbogb- bc kiuwjdcg (tdkbj ;.4).2;Gb hriitsfedjohb wbrnzddmebgbc oc viirebbccih icicthiccbc hbkobgbc jboggb tit bbc stbrnb tibcdmb vdc ebt ddctdj drfebijihosfeb vicgstbc. Bbcvbrhbjolnkdrb ictwonnbjoch os zofetkddr oc ebt ciirgiistbjolnb gbbj vdc gb Dfetbreibn.26Gb vicgstbcwbntbc gb octbrbssb vdc uot gb Wwbctsb bjotb d`nimstohb pbrsicbc djs L.L. vdc Gbocsb bc H.L. tbr Nuojb, gobbbc stbrnb kbtrinnbcebog vibjgbc mbt gb vijnsfujtuur vdc Wwbctb.

Pdcuot gbzbj`gb nrochbc wbrg oc 4?12 ebt ocotodtob` hbcimbc tit ebt iprofetbc vdc bbc Iugebognd-mbr.27Cddst Pdc Gbocsb bc Wbr Nuojb wdrbc kol got prifbs E.K. Kjolgbcstboc, L.E. vdc Ebbn bc X. Vtirnkbtrinnbc. Gbzb pbrsicbc kbeiirgbc tit bjotdorb `dmojobs, wddrvdc viirdj gb Pdc Ebbns bbc kbjdchrolnbrij spbbjgbc oc gb Wwbctsb tbxtobjocgustrob. Gb gorbftb ddcjbogoch viir gb iprofetoch vdc gb Iugebog-ndmbr Wwbctb wds gb ddcniip vdc bbc fijjbftob muctbc bc pbccochbc vdc gb `dmojob Pdc Giircocfn,wddrvdc bbc gbbj d`nimstoh wds uot Bcsfebgb bc imhbvoch.22Dj scbj ictsticg ebt ogbb im cddst gbvbrwirvbc muctbc iin gb iugebognucgohb fijjbftobs vdc Wbr Nuojb bc Pdc Gbocsb tbc tiic tb stbjjbc, djs-mbgb dcgbrb iklbftbc gob jofet wobrpbc ip gb nucst bc fujtuur vdc Wwbctb. Gb dfetbrjohhbcgb hbgdfetbwirgt guogbjoln uot bbc vbrsjdh vdc gb ipbcoch oc 4?10< Wwbctb woj kbzifet, ebt woj kbstugbbrg wirgbc. Mihbgb Iugebogndmbr gddrtib ddcspirbc! [bbgs vbbj, zbbr vbbj vdc ebt iirspricnbjolnb os br vbrjirbc hbhddc. Gddrimos ebt tolg, gddrim os ebt gb eiihstb tolg, im viir icgbrhdch tb kbeiugbc, im ddc gb vbrhbtbjebog tb ictrunnbc wdt

eobr cih hbvicgbc wirgt bc kbnbcg os ^]. Pibt viir vibt, jdchzddm mddr zbnbr, mibt gb wibstb hricg zolc hbkobgd`stddc ddc gbc jdcgkiuw. Hrd`ebuvbj cd hrd`ebuvbj vbrgwolct icgbr gb spdgb vdc gbc jdcgmdc, stbbgs mbbr bc mbbrhrddst ebt vbb bc hij`t ebt hrddc kivbc gb jddtstb rustpjddtsbc gbr Wukdctbrs. Os ebt gdc wicgbr, gdt br vbbj wdt ddc gbciugbc tolg ebroccbrt, gdt br vbbj iirspricnbjolns vbrjirbc hddt9 Gdt tb kbwdrbc, gb ebroccbroch gddrddc ip tb wbnnbc,zobgddr ebt viircddmstb gibj gbr Iugebogndmbr Wwbctb.20

Ivbrolssbj Hbjgbrjdcg

lddr wibstb hricg hbmoggbjgb icthoccoch/lddr wibstb hricg hbmoggbjgb icthoccoch/lddr

4566 421.461 407.025

4552 414.?;5 ?;8 418.442 4.418

4?41 ?;.;02 658 ?2.888 727

4?61 00.;?4 4.;?? 0;.474 4.05;

Wdkbj ;.4 Gb grdstosfeb d`cdmb vdc wibstb hricg bc gb hbmoggbjg lddrjolns icthiccbc drbdjbc oc Ivbrolssbj bc Hbjgbrjdcg, oc

ebftdrbs. Gb hbmoggbjg lddrjolns icthiccbc drbdjbc vbrwolzbc stbbgs cddr ebt viird`hddcgb tolgvdn (kolviirkbbjg hbmoggbjg ?;8

ebftdrb pbr lddr oc Ivbrolssbj tussbc 4566 bc 4522). Cddr Gbmibg 4?58, tdkbj 5, p. 50 (jofet ddchbpdst).


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28 Jwon ;116, 27-20.25 Pdc Gbocsb 4?;2, 4?6?.2? Pdc Ebbn 4?22> Jwon ;116, 21-2;.01 Pdc Ebbn 4?22, 6.04 Wbr Nuojb 4?4?, 5?> Pdc Gbocsb 4?;2, 74;-7;1.0;

Wbr Nuojb 4?1?.

06 Dcicobm 4?7?, UUOOO.07 Pdc Ebbn 4?68> Qdsndmp-vdc Vdctbc/Wbc Eiipbc

;112.02 Eujsei`` 4?51> Pbrkbbn ;112, 64.00 Pbrjocgb 4?58d, 0.

L.L. vdc Gbocsb, gob ebt hriitstb gbbj vdc zolc fdrrorb wbrntb kol bbc tbxtobj`dkr ondct, wbrg gb bbrstbficsbrvdtir vdc gb Iugebogndmbr. Pdc Gbocsb ictwonnbjgb dj vribh bbc viirjob`gb viir gb tddj bc fuj-tuur vdc Wwbctb, bc pukjofbbrgb govbrsb eostirosfeb sfebtsbc oc ebt gdhkjdg Wukdctod wddrmbb eol hritbkbnbcgebog vbrwobr`.28Bbc gbbj vdc gbzb pukjofdtobs wbrg hbkucgbjg uothbhbvbc oc twbb kibnbc, gob eolgb totbj Rot ebt jdcg vdc ndtibc bc ebogb mbbhd`.25Pdc Gbocsb bc Wbr Nuojb, gob oc Jbogbc rbfetbc hbstugbbrg

edg bc dfetbrbbcvijhbcs wbrntb djs dgvifddt, sfeiijipzobcbr bc ocspbftbur vdc ebt jdhbr icgbrwols 2?,mddntbc tdjjizb imzwbrvochbc ip ebt pjdttbjdcg bc pukjofbbrgbc ivbr govbrsb dspbftbc vdc gb Wwbctsbfujtuur bc vijnsddrg. Wbr Nuojb wbrg djs wbtbcsfedppbjolnb icgbrzibnbr hbzobc, tbrwolj Pdc Gbocsb zofeictwonnbjgb tit gb pipujdorb uotgrdhbr vdc ebt Wwbctsb fujturbjb br`hibg.01\b hochbc tolgbcs euc tife-tbc ip zibn cddr iugebgbc viir gb Iugebogndmbr, bc icgbreobjgbc dj vribh hibgb fictdftbc mbt ict-hoccochsdrkbogbrs djs Ldc Kribneuos uot Eddrjb (Wwbctb). Pdcwbhb zolc vicgstbc kol ebogb-icthoccochbcsticg gbzb drkbogbr kbnbcg djs Ldc gb urcbchrdvbr.04Cd gb stofetoch vdc gb Iugebogndmbr pukjofbbrgbWbr Nuojb bcnbjb kbjdchrolnb stdcgddrgwbrnbc ip uotbbcjipbcgb tbrrbocbc, wddrvdc oc drfebijihosfeipzofet viirdj zolc Wwbctsfeb Iugebgbc vdc wddrgb os.0;Got drtonbj ndc hbndrdntbrosbbrg wirgbc djsbbc bbrstb, spbfoòbn ip Wwbctb hbrofet ivbrzofet vdc vocgpjddtsbc, wddroc jddt-prbeostirosfeb hrd`vbjgbc

bbc kbjdchrolnb pisotob occbmbc. Pbrgbr wds eol dj vdcd` 45?? dftob` kbtrinnbc kol gb Pbrbbcohoch titKbib`bcoch vdc Ivbrolssbjsfe [bht bc Hbsfeobgbcos, wddrvdc eol tussbc 4?;1 bc 4?75 viirzottbr wds.06

Gb dftovotbotbc vdc gb Iugebogndmbr kbsticgbc tolgbcs gb bbrstb gbfbccod vdc eddr kbstddc viir bbckbjdchroln gbbj uot jbzochbc, bxfursobs bc vbrhdgbrochbc. Gddrcddst wbrg gb ocstbjjoch oc gb jiip gbr tolgbohbcddr vdc bcnbjb tbrrbocbc mbt bbc eihb drfebijihosfeb bc fujtuureostirosfeb wddrgb.07Ip ocotodtob`vdc bcnbjb wbjvdrbcgb kbstuursjbgbc wbrg oc 4?41 bbc hriit gbbj vdc ebt tbrrboc vdc gb Eucbckirh ocPijteb ddchbnifet. Giir sfebcnochbc, icgbr mbbr vdc gb `dmojob Pdc Ebbn, vijhgbc oc jdtbr ldrbc tbrrbo-cbc oc Pdssb (Pdssbrhrd`vbjg), Mdcgbr (Mdcgbrhrd`vbjg) bc bbc gbbj vdc gb Rssbjbrbs. Gb ddcniip, gbkbsfebrmoch bc ebt icgbreiug vdc gbzb hbkobgbc ojjustrbrbc bbc viir gb bbrstb ebj`t vdc gb twoctohstbbbuw nbcmbrnbcgb tbhbckbwbhoch tbc ipzofetb vdc gb viirtsferolgbcgb ocgustrodjosdtob bc ddctdstoch

vdc jdcgsfedppbjoln bc fujtuureostirosfe wddrgbvijjb hbkobgbc. Oricosfe hbcibh wbrgbc gb ocotodtobvbctit gbzb tbhbckbwbhoch eii`gzdnbjoln hbcimbc wbrgbc giir Wwbctsb dkrondctbc`dmojobs, gob euc r oln-gim bc mddtsfedppbjolnb pisotob cobt oc gb jddtstb pjddts tb gdcnbc edggbc ddc gb ocgustrodjosdtob vdc gbstrbbn.

Eibwbj br dj oc 4?40 pjdccbc wdrbc im oc Bcsfebgb bbc nucstmusbum ip tb rofetbc wddroc iinviir gb fijjbftob vdc gb Iugebogndmbr bbc pjddts ochbruomg ziu wirgbc, wbrg ebt [olnsmusbumWwbcteb pds oc 4?61 hbrbdjosbbrg.02 Gb stuwbcgb nrdfet dfetbr got musbum wds L.K. vdc Ebbn, gobzolc edj`kribr L.E. vdc Ebbn ddcstbjgb djs gorbftbur. Pdc Gbocsb wbrg zolc wbtbcsfedppbjoln dssostbct bcficsbrvdtir vdc gb fijjbftob. Gb Iugebogndmbr bc ebt Musbum wdrbc vdcd` ebt kbhoc stbrn mbt bjnddrvbrwbvbc. Pdcd` 4?61 ùcftoicbbrgbc br tbhbjolnbrtolg gus twbb musbd oc Ivbrolssbj< ebt [olnsmusbum

Wwbcteb bc ebt Qrivocfoddj Hbsfeobgnucgoh Ivbrolssbjsfe Musbum. Cdgdt gb fbctrdjb pisotob vdc ebt\wijsb musbum oc gb bbrstb gbfbccod vdc gb twoctohstb bbuw dj mocgbr stbrn hbwirgbc wds imgdt gbIugebogndmbr bbc bohbc fijjbftob ipkiuwgb, wds br vdcd` 4?61 gbòcotob` sprdnb vdc bbc gudjosmb ocgb Ivbrolssbjsb musbdjb wbrbjg.00


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08 Hbcgbrs 4?85, 414. Oc 4?04 vbrdcgbrgb gb cddm oc Vtb-

gbjoln Musbum viir \utpebc bc gb Hrdd`sfedp.05 Hbcgbrs 4?85> \bojbr 4?56.0? \bojbr 4?56> Pdc Bs ;110, 48.81 Kursfe 4?65> Hbcgbrs 4?85, 28-2?.84 Eijwbrgd 4?48> Pdc Ebbn 4?22, 7> Qdsndmp-vdc Vdctbc/

Wbc Eiipbc ;112, 62-65.8; Pdc Ebbn 4?22, 7> Wbr Nuojb 4?25, 48.86

Pbrjocgb 4?50d, 447-442> Vfeijtb Jukkbrocn ;110d, 4;.

87 Pbrjocgb 4?50d, 442> Vfeijtb Jukkbrocn ;110d, 4;.82 Eijwbrgd 4?45, 4?;7.80 Eijwbrgd 4?64.88 Xdt kbtrb`t Wwbctb pukjofbbrgb Krddt bbc urcbcvbjg oc

Mdrnbji bc bbc moggbjbbuwsb cbgbrzbttoch oc Xobrgbc

(4?64, 4?62). Kursfe hrib` bcnbjb hrdèbuvbjs ip oc

Iitmdrsum, bc ip gb @robzbckbrh tbc ciirgbc vdc

Mdrnbji (Kursfe 4?66, ;;-;2> Pdc Xolchddrgbc 4?74).

;.7.6 Ivbrohb musbd bc iugebogndmbrs

Gb ictwonnbjochbc oc \wijjb bc Bcsfebgb zolc uotochbc vdc bbc hribobcg kbwustzolc mbt kbtrbnnochtit fujtuureostir ob bc ebt strbbnbohbcb zidjs gob iin oc dcgbrb gbjbc vdc Iist-Cbgbrjdcg wddrcbbmkddrzolc. Bbc struftuur zidjs oc Ivbrolssbj, wddr gb \wijsb bc viirdj Bcsfebgbsb ocstbjjochbc oc eihb mdtb

rofetochhbvbcg wdrbc viir rbhostrdtob, bxpisotob bc icgbrzibn, os oc gb Dfetbreibn mocgbr primocbctddcwbzoh. Gb fbctrdjb rij oc gob rbhoi wbrg vdcd` 4?16 ochbvujg giir gb Iugebogndmbr vdc \utpebcbc gb Hrdd`sfedp. Gb fijjbftob gob vdcd` 4500 giir ebt stdgskbstuur kolbbchbkrdfet wds, virmgb gbkdsos viir gbzb iugebogndmbr.08Gb stbgbjolnb iugebogndmbrs, musbd bc fijjbftobs gob oc gb jiip vdcgb cbhbctobcgb bbuw euc octrbgb gbgbc, zidjs oc \wijjb, Gbvbctbr, \utpebc bc Drcebm, virmbc ebtùcgdmbct icgbr gb Iist-Cbgbrjdcgsb musbdjb trdgotob. Got ucgdmbct joht gus viirdj oc gb hritb stbgbcjdchs gb OLssbj. Wussbc ebt bocg vdc gb cbhbctobcgb bc gb bbrstb ebj`t vdc gb twoctohstb bbuw wbrgbcbr gddrcddst ziwbj oc Ivbrolssbj djs oc gb Dfetbreibn govbrsb njbocb, jifddj bc rbhoicddj hbrobctbbrgbmusbd bc iugebogndmbrs iphbrofet.05Bbc hriit ddctdj gddrvdc kbstddt cih stbbgs. Djjbbc oc Ivbrolssbjnuccbc dj viirkbbjgbc oc Gbcbndmp, Hiir, Hrdmskbrhbc, Edrgbckbrh, Ebjjbcgiirc, Eijtbc, Jissbr,

Ijgbczddj, Immbc, [olssbc, Vtbbcwoln bc Probzbcvbbc hbcibmg wirgbc.

0?

Vims virmgb bbc jifdjbdrfebijihosfeb vicgst i` iphrdvoch gb gorbftb ddcjbogoch viir gb stofetoch. Got os ebt hbvdj kol gb njbocbtbctiicstbjjoch ip ebt brvb Nits oc ebt Dfetbreibnsb Jobvbjgb, gob viirtnwdm uot gb iphrdvoch vdc bbcvribh-moggbjbbuws hrd`vbjg oc gb ldrbc gbrtoh vdc gb twoctohstb bbuw.81

;.7.7 Ebt [MI bc ebt KDO oc Iist-Cbgbrjdcg

Kbstuursjbgbc vdc gb Iugebogndmbr Wwbctb bc gb PI[H vbrzifetbc L.E. Eijwbrgd oc 4?40 bbciphrdvoch tb vbrrofetbc ip ebt tbrrboc vdc gb Eucbkirh, gdt zbs lddr bbrgbr oc ebt kbzot vdc gb Iug-ebogndmbr wds hbnimbc (òh. ;.2).84 Eijwbrgd, gb ficsbrvdtir vdc ebt [olnsmusbum vdc Iugebgbc

tb Jbogbc ([MI), stbmgb oc. Ebt os cobt icwddrsfeolcjoln gdt ebt icgbrzibn tit stdcg nwdm giir gbvrobcgsfedp tussbc Eijwbrgd bc Wbr Nuojb. Oc Jbogbc wdrbc zb stugobhbcitbc.8;Gbzb bbrstb pri`bssoicbjbiphrdvoch oc Wwbctb, gob kbnistohg wbrg giir vrolwojjohb kolgrdhbc vdc jbgbc vdc kbogb vbrbcohochbc,mdrnbbrt bbc imsjdh oc gb Wwbctsb drfebijihob kbib`bcoch.86Gb octbrbssb viir Wwbctb vdcuot Jbogbcwds hbwbnt. Oc gb pbroigb tit 4?71 wbrgbc oc titddj dfet iphrdvochbc oc Wwbctb uothbvibrg vdcuot ebtJbogsb musbum, mbbstdj ip vbrzibn vdc gb Iugebogndmbr.87Gb mbbstb ddcgdfet hoch uot cddr prbeosti-rosfeb hrd`vbjgbc. [bjdtob` hriitsfedjohb iphrdvochbc vicgbc pjddts oc Eddrjb bc Bjsbc.82Gb octbrbssb vdcEijwbrgd viir Iist-Cbgbrjdcg wirgt hbjjustrbbrg giir ebt drtonbj Iugebognucgohb vbrsfeolcsbjbc ocIvbrolssbj, gdt eol oc 4?64 pukjofbbrgb oc bbc vribh ivbrzofetswbrn ivbr gb hbsfeobgbcos vdc gbzb pri-vocfob.80Eijwbrgd wds cobt gb bcohb Jbogsb drfebijiih gob iphrdvochbc gbbg. \olc fijjbhds X.F. Krddtbc @.F. Kursfe icgbrzifetbc tit vbr oc gb ldrbc vbbrtoh vocgpjddtsbc oc Iist-Cbgbrjdcg, icgbr mbbr oc

Wwbctb.88Gddrcddst nwdm br tussbc 4?;? bc 4?7? hbjbogbjoln wdt mbbr ddcgdfet viir gb Dfetbreibn


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85 Krddt 4?61, 4?72, 4?7?> Kursfe 4?;?, 4?65.8? Pbrjocgb 4?58d, 0-8.51 Kdrtbjs ;117.54 I.d. Bofnei`` ;116.5;

Eib`br/Pdc Vfeoj`hddrgb 4?66> Kirmdc 4?54, 60. Oc

tbhbcstbjjoch tit gb vbrwdfetoch kjbbn gb [ochsndmps-

kujtb hbbc hrdèbuvbj tb zolc. Cobt vbr vdc gbzb jifdtob

vicg Pdc Ho``bc wbj bbc hrd` uot gb Jd Wcbtolg.56 Kirmdc 4?54, 60.57

Kirmdc 4?54, 60-65> Bofnei`` ;116, 4?2-4?0.

bc gb Jobmbrs. Krddt gbbg icgbrzibn cddr bbc vribh-moggbjbbuwsb cbgbrzbttoch kol Grbmpt, twbb mog-gbjbbuwsb vbrstbrnochbc kol Nbppbj bc bbc urcbcvbjg oc Vtinnum (kol s-Ebbrbckbrh). Kursfe rofettbzofe ip bbc cbgbrzbttoch uot gb olzbrtolg kol Nittbc bc bbc vribh-moggbjbbuws hrd`vbjg oc Jobvbjgb.85

Oc gb nbuzb vdc gb icgbrzifetb vocgpjddtsbc zobc wb, gdt gb icgbrzibnsìfus cobt uotsjuotbcg ip jddt-prbeostirosfeb hrd`vbjgbc hbrofet wds. Oc gbzb pbroigb vicg hbbc pri`bssoicbbj drfebijihosfe icgbrzibnoc Vdjjdcg pjddts. Gb kivbcrbhoicdjb fictdftbc, oc gb bbrstb pjddts oc gb virm vdc iphrdvochbc giir ebt[MI, nwdmbc viirdj tit stdcg giir ocotodtobvbc vdcuot Wwbctb.

Ebt drfebijihosfe icgbrzibn oc Iist-Cbgbrjdcg wbrg tussbc 4?40 bc ebt kbhoc vdc gb WwbbgbXbrbjgiirjih cobt djjbbc virmhbhbvbc giir ebt [MI. Cd 4?;;, tibc ebt Koijihosfe-DrfebijihosfeOcstotuut (KDO) oc Hricochbc iphbrofet wbrg, gbbg iin D.B. vdc Ho``bc bcnbjb iphrdvochbc. Oc 4?61icgbrzifet eol bbc hrd`vbjg uot gb olzbrtolg oc Vtbhbrbc (Pbfetstrbbn) bc vol` hrdèbuvbjs oc gb imhbvochvdc Eijtbc.8?Cd gb Wwbbgb Xbrbjgiirjih vijhgb br bbc icgbrzibn oc gb stdgsnbrc vdc Gbvbctbr.51Gbiphrdvochbc wbrgbc ebjdds cobt hbpukjofbbrg. Kuotbc ebt icgbrzibn oc Eijtbc wddhgb Pdc Ho``bc zofevbrgbr cobt oc Wwbctb, gdt oc gbzb `dsb djs gimboc vdc ebt [MI hijg. Djs bbc hbvijh vdc bbc fic`joft tus-sbc Eijwbrgd bc Pdc Ho``bc kbsticgbc br stbrnb spdccochbc tussbc kbogb ocstbjjochbc.54Pdc Ho``bc rofettbzolc ddcgdfet wbj ip Hbjgbrjdcg. \i gbbg eol oc 4?6; icgbrzibn cddr gb zihbcddmgb [ochsndmpskujtboc Ddjtbc.5;Gdt hbkburgb ip vbrzibn vdc gb nirt gddrviir iphbrofetb Vtofetoch tit Kbsfebrmoch vdc

Qrdbeostirosfeb Fujtuurmicumbctbc oc Hbjgbrjdcg. Gbzb ocstbjjoch nbcgb bbc viirjipbr oc gb virmvdc gb Qrivocfodjb Hbjgbrsfeb Drfedbijihosfeb Fimmossob (4?1;), gob zofe eii`gzdnbjoln mbt eostiro-sfeb micumbctbczirh kbzohhbeiugbc edg.56Eibwbj gb Vtofetoch tit Kbsfebrmoch vdc QrdbeostirosfebFujtuurmicumbctbc zofe i`òfobbj rofettb ip gb ebjb privocfob Hbjgbrjdcg, jdh gb cdgrun oc gb prdntolnstbrn ip gb Pbjuwb.57Lddrjolns wbrg br vbrsjdh hbgddc vdc gb dftovotbotbc oc gb Kolgrdhbc bc Mbgbgbjochbc

@oh. ;.2 Webbpduzb tolgbcs bbc [MI-iphrdvoch ip gb Eucbkirh kol Pijteb, oc 4?40. Pdc jocns cddr rbfets L.E. Eijwbrgd,H.L.

tbr Nuojb, E. Kjolgbcstolc, C. Eijwbrgd bc L.L. vdc Gbocsb (drfeob` Wwbctsb Xbjjb/Iugebogndmbr Wwbctb).


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52 Bofnei`` ;116, eii`gstun 2.50 Bofnei`` ;116, 456-452.58 Bofnei`` ;116, 4?7-4?0.55 Eijwbrgd tbnbcgb, uotbocgbjoln suffbsvij, pritbst ddc.

Ddcvdcnbjoln wbrg bbc gbbj vdc gb fijjbftob vdc gb

stofetoch wbj oc ebt musbum tbctiichbstbjg. Oc 4?62

wbrg ebt fic`joft vdc eihbredcg kbsjbfet, tibc Eijwbr-

gd djs gorbftbur vdc ebt musbum Ndm wbrg ddchbstbjg

(Bofnei`` ;116, 4?0).5? Krichbrs/Xycod ;112, 47 bc 45.?1 Kuttbr 4?62> Pdc Wbct 4?87.?4 Kuttbr 4?71d, 411.?; Kuttbr 4?74d, ;07.

vdc gb Pbrbcohoch Hbjrb. Gdt gb stofetoch viir ebt icgbrzibn oc Ddjtbc bc bcnbjb dcgbrb iphrdvochbcoc gb vijhbcgb ldrbc bbc kbribp gbbg ip Pdc Ho``bc bc cobt ip Eijwbrgd, os hibg vbrnjddrkddr. Pdcd` ebtkbhoc vdc gb twoctohstb bbuw kbsticg br bbc tbhbcstbjjoch tussbc ebt [MI, gdt bbc cdtoicdjb fijjbftobipkiuwgb, bc gb kbjdchbc vdc musbd bc irhdcosdtobs mbt bbc rbhoicdjb dfetbrhricg.52Gbzb twbbstrolgwds oc Hbjgbrjdcg guogbjoln mbrnkddr bc uottb zofe icgbr mbbr oc bbc fic`joft cddr ddcjbogoch vdc gb

iprofetoch vdc ebt [olnsmusbum H.M. Ndm oc 4?;;.50 Oc ebt kbhoc vdc gb ldrbc gbrtoh kbiihgb gbVtofetoch tit Kbsfebrmoch vdc Qrdbeostirosfeb Fujtuurmicumbctbc gdtzbj`gb musbum ebt privocfodjbfbctrum tb jdtbc wirgbc viir drfebijihosfeb vicgstmbjgoch, fijjbftobvirmoch bc icgbrzibn.58Piirebbcwdrbc vicgstbc uot Hbjgbrjdcg eii`gzdnbjoln iphbcimbc oc ebtzol ebt musbum oc Jbogbc, ebtzol oc pdr-tofujobrb fijjbftobs. Gbzb stbjjochcdmb gbbg gb rbjdtob vdc gb stofetoch mbt gb Jbogsb ocstbjjoch cobt vbbjhibg, ebthbbc gb nbuzb viir Pdc Ho``bc bc ebt KDO viir vbjgicgbrzibn vbrnjddrt.55

;.7.2 Ldc Kuttbr< gb bbrstb Vdjjdcgsb dmdtbur-drfebijiih

Rot ebt viirhddcgb mdh hbficfjugbbrg wirgbc, gdt Wwbctb tit oc gb bbrstb ebj`t vdc gb twoctohstb bbuwebt fbctrum vdc gb Iist-Cbgbrjdcgsb drfebijihob kbib`bcoch virmgb. Oc gb Dfetbreibn vicgbc iiniphrdvochbc pjddts vdcuot ebt [MI bc ebt KDO, zol ebt mocgbr `rbqubct. Vdjjdcg wds bfetbr bbc drfebi-jihosfe cih vrolwbj icicthiccbc hbkobg. Pdcd` ebt bocg vdc gb ldrbc twoctoh vdc gb virohb bbuw krdfetLdc Kuttbr (455;-4?81) gddroc vbrdcgbroch ddc. Gobcs kolzicgbrb fdrrorb bc kbjdch viir gb drfebijihobvdc Vdjjdcg vbrgobcbc oc ebt vijhbcgb bcohb ddcgdfet, mbgb imgdt Kuttbr viir ebt hritb pukjobn rbjdtob`ickbnbcg os hbkjbvbc.

Kuttbr hribogb ip oc Xbst-@robsjdcg. Cd zolc lbuhg hoch eol ddc gb Dmstbrgdmsb ucovbrsotbot mbcsb-jolnb dcdtimob stugbrbc. Bc vdc zolc eiihjbrdrbc wds B. Gukios, gob kbnbcg stddt djs gb ictgbnnbr vdcgb Qotebfdctripus brbftus ip Ldvd. Hbgurbcgb zolc stugob ictwonnbjgb Kuttbr bbc krbgb wbtbcsfedppbjolnb

kbjdchstbjjoch. Eol vbrgobptb zofe icgbr mbbr oc gb dcdtimosfeb ictwonnbjoch vdc gb mbcs, hbijihob bcdrfebijihob. Gddrcddst jbhgb eol govbrsb fictdftbc oc gb wbtbcsfedppbjolnb wbrbjg, gob ebm oc zolc jdtbrbfdrrorb djs dmdtbur-drfebijiih hibg vdc pds ziugbc nimbc. Cd zolc stugob wbrg Kuttbr jbrddr ddrgrolns-nucgb ddc gb Edcgbjssfeiij oc Gbvbctbr, wddr iin gb kitdcofus @. @jirsfetz wbrnzddm wds. 5?Kuttbrhoch zofe pds ip wdt jdtbrb jbb`tolg dftob` mbt drfebijihob kbzoheiugbc. \olc drfebijihosfeb jiipkddccdm bbc ddcvdch oc 4?;8, tibc eol oc bbc icthricgoch ip ebt Kdcbndtbrvbjg oc Fijmsfedtb spirbc vdcbbc urcbcvbjg ictgbntb.?1Cih kbjdchr olnbr viir Kuttbrs ictwonnbjoch wdrbc gb vicgstbc gob eol oc ebt-zbj`gb lddr gbbg tolgbcs kirochbc cddr hricgwdtbr kol gb wdtbrtirbc oc Gbvbctbr. Kol gb wbrnzddmebgbcnwdmbc bbc gbbj vdc bbc mbcsbjolnb kivbcnddn bc bbc kit vdc bbc ibris tbviirsfeolc.?4Kuttbr stuurgbkbogb vicgstbc tbr gbtbrmocdtob ip cddr ebt KDO oc Hricochbc, wddr mbc oc obgbr hbvdj wbocoh wddrgbebfettb ddc gb kivbcnddn. Pdc Ho``bc mibst Kuttbr ip gb vbrhdgbroch vdc ebt Octbrcdtoicdj Fimmottbb`ir teb Vtugy i` @issoj Mdc, wddrvdc kbogbc jog wdrbc, zbj`s vbrtbjjbc gdt ebt stun wds zibnhbrddnt ip ebtocstotuut.?;


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?6 Kuttbr 4?71d-k, 4?74d-k.?7 Kuttbr 4?71d, 411-414.?2 Kuttbr 4?7?.?0 Qbrs. fimm. D.G. Pbrjocgb, Dmbrsìirt.?8 I.d. Kuttbr 4?62, 4?74f, 4?04.?5 Pbrjocgb 4?58d, 0.?? Kuttbr 4?21, 4?02. \ob Kdnnbr ;117, 28-5? viir gb rij gob

Kuttbr spbbjgb kol gb rbficstruftob vdc gb vicgstimstdcgoh-

ebgbc bc gb pihochbc im gb vicgst, gob zofe oc Guotsjdcg

oc pdrtofujobr kbzot kbvicg, cddr Cbgbrjdcg tb edjbc.411 Kuttbr 4?71k, 8;-87.414 Kuttbr 4?7;. Mbcsbjolnb rbstbc, wddrip eol hbeiipt edg,

vicg Kuttbr cobt. Bcnbjb ldrbc jdtbr nwdmbc gob ivbro-

hbcs wbj ddc ebt jofet. Eol cdm gb vuurstbcbc drtb`dftbc

mbb cddr Cbgbrjdcg. Gbzb kbvicgbc zofe cd zolc ivbr-

jolgbc oc 4?81 cih oc zolc fijjbftob (pbrs. fimm. D.G.

Pbrjocgb, Dmbrsìirt).41;

Pdjjios 4?76> Pdc Kirn-@bjtndmp 4?28.

Icgdcns gbzb njbocb tbhbcsjdh wds Kuttbrs octbrbssb viir drfebijihob gbòcotob` hbwbnt. Eol kjbb` djjbhricgwbrnzddmebgbc oc Gbvbctbr bc imhbvoch cduwhbzbt oc gb hdtbc eiugbc. Mbt cdmb ebt OLssbjgdjedg zolc spbfodjb octbrbssb. Pdcwbhb zolc viirjob`gb viir drfebijihob, hbijihob bc mbcsbjolnb dcdtimobkjbbn luost got hbkobg uotbrmdtb hbsfeont viir icgbrzibn. \i nwdm ebt, gdt eol vdcd` intikbr 4?62tibzofet nrbbh ivbr bbc zdcgd`hrdvoch cdkol gb micgoch vdc gb Nibreuoskbbn oc gb OLssbj. Eibwbj Kut-

tbr djjbbc oc zolc vrolb tolg ddcwbzoh nic zolc ip gb jifdtob, jbvbrgb gbzb kbjdchrolnb vicgstbc ip. Ebtkbtri` bcnbjb guozbcgbc gobrjolnb kbbcgbrbc vdc vdrorbcgb iugbrgim, vobr drtb`dftbc vdc bgbjebrthb-wbo bc grob mbcsbjolnb sfebgbjs (òh. ;.0). Kuttbr trdfettb gb strdtohrdòsfeb pisotob vdc gb vicgstbc zihibg mihbjoln vdst tb jbhhbc. Gb Nibreuoskbbn wbrg gb bbrstb Vdjjdcgsb vocgpjddts gob kuotbc gb rbhoikrbgb kbjdchstbjjoch nrbbh. Got wds gb vbrgobcstb vdc gb ictgbnnbr, gob oc vdnkjdgbc vbrsfeojjbcgb drto-nbjbc ddc zolc vicgstbc wolggb.?6Oc 4?6? vijhgbc vicgstbc tolgbcs kdhhbrwbrn ip gb \dcgwbbrg, ddcgb ciirgzolgb vdc Gbvbctbr. Gbzb vocgpjddts jbvbrgb zbs drtb`dftbc vdc irhdcosfe mdtbroddj, wddricgbrtwbb hbwbokoljbc, bc mbbr gdc guozbcg gobrjolnb kittbc ip.?7Oc gb ldrbc vbbrtoh vijhgbc ebreddjgbjolnvicgstbc kol wbrnzddmebgbc ddc gb sjuosput oc Gbvbctbr, wddrkol bbc fimpjbtb mbcsbjolnb sfebgbj bcbbc `rdhmbct vdc bbc twbbgb bxbmpjddr ebt mbbst oc ebt iih sprichbc. ?2

Giir moggbj vdc gb vicgstbc oc ebt OLssbjgdj bc zolc govbrsb pukjofdtobs krdfet Kuttbr zuogwbstbjolnVdjjdcg oc drfebijihosfe ipzofet icgbr gb ddcgdfet. Bbc dfetbrjohhbcgb struftuur, zidjs gob wbj oc Wwbctbddcwbzoh wds, ictkrdn. Xbj icgbreobjg eol fictdftbc mbt ebt Eostirosfe Musbum Gbvbctbr, hbvbstohgoc gb Xddh.?0\olc icgbrzibn, octbrbssbs, pukjofdtobs bc fictdftbc mbt gb vdnwbrbjg kbsjibhbc bbc vbbjhritbr hbkobg gdc djjbbc gb imhbvoch vdc Gbvbctbr. \i ictgbntb eol gb cbijoteosfeb vocgpjddts vdc\dcgwbrvbc (Xbst-@robsjdcg) bc mbsijoteosfeb vocgpjddtsbc oc Kugbj (Ciirg-Krdkdct) bc Immbc.?8

Eol cdm gbbj ddc hrdèbuvbjicgbrzibn vdc Pdc Ho``bc oc Eijtbc?5bc rofettb zolc ddcgdfet ip ebt krics-gbpit vdc Immbrsfedcs. Gbzb ucobnb vicgst prikbbrgb eol vbrhbb`s tb vbrwbrvbc viir ebt EostirosfeMusbum.??Gdt Kuttbr hbbc giirscbb dmdtbur-drfebijiih wds, wirgt guogbjoln uot zolc ucovbrsotdorb dfe-tbrhricg, bbc krbgb jotbrdtuurnbccos, gb gbbjcdmb ddc kuotbcjdcgsb fichrbssbc bc fictdftbc mbt govbrsb

icgbrzibnbrs gob tit gb Buripbsb wbtbcsfedppbjolnb bjotb vdc gdt mimbct nuccbc wirgbc hbrbnbcg.Imgdt Kuttbr ip gdt mimbct c vdc gb wbocohb pbrsicbc wds gob zofe mbt gb stbbctolg oc Cbgbrjdcgkbzoh eobjg bc zofe iin djs zigdcoh prbsbctbbrgb - vbrjobpbc vbbj fictdftbc vod ebm. \i icgbreobjgeol vdcd` 4?;? fictdftbc mbt Dkk E. Krbuoj oc Qdrols, icgbr mbbr ivbr Cbgbrjdcgsb vicgstbc wddrvdcbbc moggbc-pdjbijoteosfeb iugbrgim wbrg vbrmibg.411Bbc bcnbjb nbbr nwdm ebt zbj`s tit icgbrzibnoc ebt kuotbcjdcg. Oc 4?6; nrbbh Kuttbr tibstbmmoch vdc ebt Krotose Musbum im ip bbc pdjbijoteosfebvocgpjddts oc Vwdcsfimkb prib`putlbs tb hrdvbc bc vuurstbcbc drtb`dftbc tb vbrzdmbjbc.414

Ip ocotodtob` vdc Kuttbr wbrgbc gb vicgstbc vdc gb Nibreuoskbbn giir hbrbcimmbbrgb wbtbc-sfedppbrs kbstugbbrg. Gb mbcsbjolnb kitrbstbc, gob eol ddcvdcnbjoln tibsferbb` ddc bbc Fri-Mdhcic-mbcs, wbrgbc hbtiicg ddc B. Gukios (Dmstbrgdm), D.L. vdc Kirn-@bjtndmp (Dmstbrgdm), Dkk Krbuoj,

[. Pdu`rby bc E.P. Pdjjios (Qdrols).41;\b kjbnbc ddczobcjoln lichbr tb zolc. Piir gb gbtbrmocdtob vdc gb


47/656

416 \ob viir mbcsbjolnb kitrbstbc uot Iist-Cbgbrjdcgsb

kbbn- bc rovobrgdjbc, wddricgbr vicgstbc vdc Kuttbr Kissfed Brgkrocn bt dj. 4?8?,

4?51.417

Kuttbr 4?22.

412 Eolszbjbr 4?71.410 Kdrtbjocn 4?04.418 Pbrjocgb 4?50d, 440.415 Bofnei`` ;116, 4??-;1?.

gobrjolnb kitrbstbc wbrg hbkruon hbmddnt vdc gb gobc-stbc vdc H. Edssb (Dctwbrpbc) bc D. Wocgbjj Eipwiig(Jicgbc). Gddrcddst wbrg br iin ddcgdfet kbstbbg ddckitdcosfeb rbstbc bc mijjusnbc, wddrviir icgbr mbbr @.@jirsfetz wbrg ochbzbt. Gb kuotbcjdcgsb octbrbssb viir

gb Nibreuoskbbnvicgstbc stomujbbrgb Kuttbr im wbrn-zddmebgbc oc Iist-Cbgbrjdcgsb kbbn- bc rovobrgdjbc ocgb hdtbc tb eiugbc, kolviirkbbjg oc gb ciirgwbstbjolnbDfetbreibn. Got jboggb tit bcnbjb cobuwb vocgpjddtsbc, zolebt vdc mocgbrb ompirtdctob.416Oc gb ldrbc vol`toh vbstohgbeol zolc ddcgdfet icgbr mbbr ip gb rbjdtobvb gdtbroch vdczolc vicgstbc vdc mbcsbjoln kit, giir moggbj vdc bbcgdtbrochsmbteigb (`juirocb gdtoch mbteig) gob cobt jdchgddrviir ictwonnbjg wds.417Oc 4?81 ivbrjbbg Kuttbr. \olcfijjbftob wbrg giir privocfoddj drfebijiih D.G. Pbrjocgb

viirjipoh hbcvbctdrosbbrg, bc vbrvijhbcs ivbrhbgrdhbcddc ebt [olnsmusbum vdc Iugebgbc oc Jbogbc, wbjnbocstdctob Kuttbr edg ddchbwbzbc djs jbhddteiugbr.

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Oc ebt bocg vdc gb ldrbc gbrtoh bc gb ldrbc vbbrtoh vdc gbtwoctohstb bbuw vicgbc bcnbjb kbjdchrolnb vbrdcgbrochbc pjd

Van Beek 2010 - Relief in Tijd en Ruimte

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