Rahul Fin Project

8/2/2019 Rahul Fin Project

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INTRODUCTION

The subject of NON PERFORMING ASSETS (NPA) been a over a long time and while good

amount of water has flown under the bridge of NON-PERFORMING ASSETS (NPA) and I

would like to add some more water to in the flow.

Enormous NPA over the year has acted as severe drain on profitability of the public sector

banks. The banks, which function as intermediaries and are an important source of financial

resources, have also to be sound and stable and enjoy this vital intermediating function. This

confidence on which banking edifice stands should not be allowed to be shaken even a little by

permitting the presence of such a high level of Non Performing Advances. There is urgent need

to stem this problem of NPA to minimize its recurrence in years to come and there by strengthen

the banks books for improved performance in terms of efficiency, productivity and profitability.

Since the problem emanates basically because of the failure of borrowers, there is an urgent need

to make the borrowers feel that the money borrowed by them from banks belongs to the general

public and has to be repaid.

The solution to the problem is that the banks should strengthen their credit portfolio over a

period by removing the present deficiencies observed in the standards of credit appraisal,

monitoring and follow-up and improving the overall lending policies of banks.


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OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1 To study Non Performing Assets in detail. To know the concept of non performing assets,

detail study of management of non performing assets.

2 To study the general reasons for assets becomes NPAs. The borrower does not repay the

interest or installments regularly then that account become a NPA. So, to find out thereasons about the past due installments of borrower.

3 To find out the problems of Bank due to NPAs. After the assets became NPA, the bank

facing serious problems, such as recovery of loan.

4 To know the effects of the NPA on bank performance. As the NPA increases, the

profitability of the bank decreases. NPA largely affects on banks performance. So, it has

to know about the effects of NPA on bank performance.

5 To give the recommendations based on overall analysis of the NPA. The detail study of

NPA and methods of management of NPA can give the recommendations for decreasing

the percentage of NPA.


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INTRODUCTION

A bank is an establishment, which deals with money. The basic functions of banks are the

accepting of all kinds of deposits and lending of money. In general there are several challenges

confronting the banks in its day today operations. The main challenge facing the banks is the

disbursement of funds in quality assets (Loans and Advances) or other wise it leads to Non

performing assets. After the global financial turmoil in 2008, Indian banks begin the new year

with a lurking fear that their Non Performing Assets (NPA) would go up with their portfolios

coming under severe stress.

Union Bank of India is having more than 600 branches and extension counters all over the

country. Nearly 351 ATMs are installed. Online Tele banking facility is available for its

customers. Today there are more than 26,000 employees in Union Bank of India.

In addition to regular banking facilities of Union Bank of India, today customer can also avail

variety of other services like cash management service, insurance, mutual funds, Demat from the

Bank. Union Bank of India is a Public Sector Unit with 60.85% Share Capital held by the

Government of India.

The Bank has been awarded the prestigious Asian Banker IT implementation award

2007 by the Asian Banker, a Singapore based research and intelligence organization. The award

was given away at the Asian Banker Summit 2008 held in Hanoi, Vietnam in April, 2008

Focus on asset quality, stringent credit review and monitoring mechanism and robust

recoveries has brought about a significant reduction in both Gross and Net NPAs of the Bank to

2.18% and 0.17% as of March 2009 from 2.94% and 0.96% in the previous year. The Net NPA

% for Mar09 is among the best in the Industry.

Gross NPA level reduced from Rs.1873 crore in March 07 to Rs.1657 crore in March 08.

Net NPAs also reduced in absolute terms from Rs. 601 crore in March 07 to Rs. 126 crore as of

March 08.

The future plan of the Union Bank of India includes the target to reduce gross NPA level below2%.


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BANK ANNEXTURE

Name of the BANKUnion Bank of India

Address of Bank


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VISION of BANK

To become the bank of first choice in our chosen areas by building beneficialand lasting relationship with customers through the process of continuous improvement.

MISSION STATEMENT

A logical extension of the Vision Statement is the Mission of the Bank, which is to gainmarket recognition in the chosen areas.

To build a sizeable market shares in each of the chosen areas of business througheffective strategies in terms of pricing, product packaging and promoting the product in

the market.

To facilitate a process of restructuring of branches to support a greater efficiency in theretail banking field.

To sustain the mission objective through harnessing technology driven banking anddelivery channels.

To promote confidence and commitment among the staff members, to address theexpectations of the customers efficiently and handle technology banking with ease.


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Historical background of bank

Union Bank of India was inaugurated by the Father of the Nation, Mahatama Gandhi, on

November 11th

, 1919. Started as a limited company in Mumbai, it was one of the few Financial

Commercial banks in India. Until 1947, UBI had only 4 branches - 3 in Mumbai and 1 in

Saurashtra, all concentrated in key trade centers. Catering to all the sectors of the society, be it

agriculture, industry, trade and commerce, services or infrastructure, the bank has also played a

major role in rendering services to the financial needs of every section. Apart from this, the bank

also extended financial support to educational, housing and trade sector.

Union Bank of India undertook the task of establishment of village knowledge centers

and self-employment training centers. It was in 1975, that the Union Bank of India was

nationalized. It was, then, that it merged with the Belgaum Bank, a private sector bank. Another

merger was on cards in 1985, this time with the Miraj State Bank. Union Bank is a Public Sector

Unit with 55.43% Share Capital held by the Government of India. The Bank came out with its

Initial Public Offer (IPO) in August 20th

, 2002 and Follow on Public Offer in February 2006.

Presently 44.57 % of Share Capital is presently held by institutions, individuals and others.

Tech-Savvy

With the age of global banking, Union Bank of India also changed its style, boasting of

urbanized and computerized core banking systems. A front runner among public sector banks in

modern-day banking, it has all the facilities that a modern bank should have - internet banking

and centrally computerized branches. UBI was one of the pioneer public sector banks, which

launched Core Banking Solution in 2002. As of September 2005, more than 670

branches/extension counters of Bank are networked under Core Banking Solution. The Bank haslaunched multiple Electronic Delivery Channels and has installed nearly 423 networked ATMs.

In March 2008, Union Bank became the first large Public Sector Bank to network all its branches

under the Core Banking Solution (CBS).


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Union Bank of India is firmly committed to consolidating and maintaining its

identity as a leading, innovative commercial Bank, with a proactive approach to the changing

needs of the society. This has resulted in a wide gamut of products and services, made available

to its valuable clientele in catering to the smallest of their needs. Today, with its efficient, value-

added services, sustained growth, consistent profitability and development of new technologies,

Union Bank has ensured complete customer delight, living up to its image of, GOOD

PEOPLE TO BANK WITH. Anticipative banking- the ability to gauge the customer's needs

well ahead of real-time - forms the vital ingredient in value-based services to effectively reduce

the gap between expectations and deliverables

All Branches of the Bank have been 1135 networked ATMs, with online

Telebanking facility made available to all its Core Banking Customers - individual as well as

corporate. In addition to this, the versatile Internet Banking provides extensive information

pertaining to accounts and facets of banking. Regular banking services apart, the customer can

also avail of a variety of other value-added services like Cash Management Service, Insurance,

Mutual Funds and Demat.

The Bank will ever strive in its endeavour to provide services to its customer and

enhance its businesses thereby fulfilling its vision of becoming THE BANK OF FIRST

CHOICE IN OUR CHOSEN AREA BY BUILDING BENEFICIAL AND LASTING

Organizational status

The Bank is one of the largest Public Sector Banks in India with consolidated business

mix of Rs 236950+ crs and a branch network of 2661+ branches across India. In March 2008,

Union Bank became the first large Public Sector Bank to network all its branches under the Core

Banking Solution (CBS).


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Board of Directors

SHRI M.V.NAIR

Chairman & Managing Director

Mr. M.V.Nair took charge of Union Bank of India as Chairman and Managing Director

on 1st

April 2006. ). Mr. Nair successfully introduced a change process called Project Nav

Nirman by leveraging technology, changing processes and empowering people, thereby

transforming the Bank into a customer Centric marketing organization. Mr. Nair is the Deputy

Chairman of Indian Banks Association (IBA).

SHRI T.Y. PRABHU

Executive Director

Shri T.Y. Prabhu was appointed as Executive Director on 6th June, 2007. He has over 39

years of Banking experience Shri Prabhu's experience covers a broad range of banking areas

including international division, Corporate Credit, Commercial Credit, Foreign Exchange,

Treasury and Investments and general administration Shri Prabhu is a graduate in Commerce and

has a degree in Law. He is a Certified Associate of the Indian Institute of Bankers (CAIIB).

SHRI S.RamanExecutive Director

Prior to joining the Union Bank of India, Mr. Raman was with the Bank of India for over

34 years and had exposure to different segments including Corporate Banking, International

Business and Human Resources Management. Mr. Raman served in different parts of the country

including Mumbai, New Delhi, Ahmedabad, Pune, Hyderabad, Bhubaneshwar and Nagpur in

different capacities including as Zonal Manager in Orissa and Gujarat. Mr. Raman currently

oversees the portfolios of Risk Management, Human Resources, Rural Business, General

Administration and Retail.


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MOVEMENT OF NPA:-

(Rs. In Crore)

31.03.2009 31.03.2008

i Net NPAs to Net Advances (%) 0.17 0.96

ii Movement of NPAs (gross)

(a) Opening Balance 1872.62 2098.05

(b) Additions during the year 762.50 750.21

(c) Reductions during the year 978.52 975.64

(d) Closing Balance 1656.60 1872.62

iii Movement of Net NPA

(a) Opening Balance 601.22 833.95

(b) Closing Balance 127.57 601.22

iv Movement for provisions for NPAs

(excluding provisions on standard

assets)

(a) Opening Balance

1262.83 1252.83

(b) Provisions made during the year 585.22 330.00

(c) Write-off/write-back of excess

Provisions

337.03 320.00

(d) Closing Balance 1511.02 1262.83


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Products & Services

Deposits Accounts Loans Cards Insurance Cash Management Service Mutual Funds Demat ATMs E Banking Or Online Banking Remittance Service Bill Payment Service Tax Payment Service ATM Banking Tele Banking Online Demat Trading Cash Management Services Mutual Funds Railway Tickets Booking 8% Tax Saving Bonds Public Provident Fund (PPF) Direct Tax Collection Central Excise and Service Tax Collection Services Special Savings Schemes for Senior Citizens


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Retail Banking:

Choice of Accounts: Saving, Current, Demat, Pension, No Frills, Corporate Payroll andNRI Accounts.

Loans: Home loans or housing finance, personal loans and Vehicle loans, Educationloans for further education, loan against property, securities and IPO financing and

merchant establishment overdraft.

Anytime, Anywhere Banking: Mobile banking, Internet banking, SMS banking, ATMbanking.

Beyond Banking: Talking ATMs, Account alerts. Card Product: Debit card, Credit card, Card-to Card money transfer, Cash cards.

Deposits:

Fixed Deposits Recurring FDs

FUTURE PLANS

The Bank aims to reach a business mix of Rs 220000 crore by the end of March 2010, a growth

of approx. 22%. Of this, Rs 127500 crore will be Deposits (growth of 23%YoY) and Rs.

92500 crore will be Advances (growth of 22%YoY).

Bank will continue to focus on a four-pronged strategy for growth. Retail, Agri business, SME

and Corporate will continue to be the four growth engines.

Containment of cost of funds will form central strategy of the Bank.

Gross NPA level is targeted below 2%.


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Definition of NPA:-

Action for enforcement of security interest can be initiated only if the secured asset is

classified as Non Performing Assets.

Non Performing Assets means an asset or account of borrower, which has been

classified by a bank or financial institutions as sub-standard, doubtful or loss asset, in accordance

with the directions or guidelines relating to asset classification issued by RBI.

OR

An asset becomes non-performing when it ceases to generate income for the bank.

Non-performing asset is defined as a credit facility in respect of which the interest &/or

installments of principle has remained past due for a specified period of time, which is 90

days at present.

An advance or loan is classified as an NPA where,

Interest &/or installment of principle remain overdue for a period of more than 90 days inrespect of term loan.

The account remains out of order in respect of an overdraft/cash credit for more than 90days. Though the a/c is in order, there is either no credit in the account during last 90

days

A bill remains overdue for a period of more than 90 days in the case of bill purchased &discounted.

Any amount to be received (like card usage, debits in suspense accounts etc) remainsoverdue for a period of more than 90 days in respect of any other accounts.

Stock or Book debt statements have not been submitted for last 6 months. The a/c isoverdue for review for last 90 days.


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There are three major types of NPA:

Sub-standard:

The account holder comes in this category when they dont pay three installment

continuously after 90 days and upto 1year. for this category bank has made 10% provision of

funds from their profit to meet the losses generated from NPA.

Doubtful NPA:

Under doubtful NPA there are three sub categories:

D1 i.e. up to 1 year: 20% provision is made by the banks

D2 i.e. up to 2 year: 30% provision is made by the bank

D3 i.e. up to 3 year: 100% provision is made by the bank.

Loss Assets:

Under this 100% provision is made. When account holder comes in this category

their account can be written off by the banks. After this the assets are handed over to recovery

agents for sale


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Research Methodology

Research is a process through which we attempt to achieve

systematically and with the support of data the answer to a question,

the resolution of a problem, or a greater understanding of a

phenomenon. This process, which is frequently called research

methodology, has eight distinct characteristics:

1. Research originates with a question or problem.

2. Research requires a clear articulation of a goal.

3. Research follows a specific plan of procedure.

4. Research usually divides the principal problem into more

manageable subproblems.

5. Research is guided by the specific research problem, question, or

hypothesis.

6. Research accepts certain critical assumptions.

7. Research requires the collection and interpretation of data in

attempting to resolve the problem that initiated the research.

8. Research is, by its nature, cyclical; or more exactly, helical.

Descriptive research is used in this project report in order to know

about cash management services to clients and determining their

level of satisfaction. This is the most popular type of research

technique, generally used in survey research design and most useful

in describing the characteristics of consumer behavior. The method

used were following:


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Questionnaire method Direct Interaction with the clients.

1.3.1 Research Design: -

There are three kinds of research designs namely;

Exploratory Descriptive Causative

In my project, a Descriptive Research was initiated because it was generally a

study which was carried out to describe the market characteristics of various

airlines, and of Indian Airlines in particular, as well as the buying behaviour of

travellers.

Situation Analysis: - Conducting a situational analysis means analysing the

company, its market, its competition and the industry in general. The situation

analysis is a background investigation. It involves obtaining information about the

company and its business environment by means of library, research.


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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The study is made on the basis of secondary data. The annual reports of the bank were of greathelp. In addition to this, the people of UNION BANK OF INDIA help for collection of data.

They very co-operative in forwarding the necessary information as and when required.

Tools for data collection:

Data require for this project is mainly two types i.e. primary data & secondary data and I

also use the Graphs in analysis of non performing assets which help to understand to everyone.

Primary Data: -

Those are collected fresh and the time and this happens to be original in character. The

primary data were collected through personal interaction with the manager and official of the

bank.

Secondary Data: -

Secondary data means data is already available i.e. they refer the data which have already

been collected and analyzed by someone else, then he has to look into various sources form

whose he can obtain them, usually the publications technical trade journal books, Magazines and

Internet and Reports of bank etc.

SOURCES OF COLLECTION OF DATA:-

1. Staff of the UNION BANK OF INDIA

2. Magazines and internet,

3. Annual General Report.


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Sample design

Doing research via sampling was important because of impossibility of finding

all of a population, as well as other restrictive parameters like cost, time etc. Our

sampling decision should be in-coordination with the research and data

objectives. The method opted for taking samples was `Non-probability

sampling. It was a `Purposive Non-probability sampling/ Judgement Sampling

was used. The key assumption underlined this type of sampling is that, with

sound judgement or expertise, and an appropriate strategy, one can carefully and

consciously choose the elements to be included in the sample, so that samples

can be developed that are suitable for ones needs.

Sample Size: - 80


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METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION

Instruments for data collection: -

The research instruments used for this survey were structured

questionnaires. The questionnaires were designed to find the

satisfaction levels of internet banking users.

Questionnaire: -

A questionnaire consists of a set of questions prepared to

respondents for their answers. Because of its flexibility, the

questionnaire is by far the common instrument used to collect

primary data. Closed Ended as well as Open Ended questionnaire

were used in my market research .

Drafting of a Questionnaire: -

The formulation of the questionnaire, i.e., the structure and the

disguise to be used in the questionnaire depends upon the kind of

information that is desired. Questionnaire was prepared over a

period of 5 days by intensive brainstorming. Valuable advice

regarding changes was given by my project guide, Ms. Richa Dabas,

has resulted in the formulation of the questionnaire through which

responses were collected and analysed. A copy of the questionnaire

has been attached as an annexure to the project.

Since my objective was to derive out the maximum information out

of the passengers without making the whole exercise boring and

troublesome, I decided to keep majority of the questionnaire close-

ended.


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In order to generate and sustain the interest of the respondents, the

initial questions pertained to the gathering of simple information like

the knowledge of inetrenet banking, the choice of their bank and the

main areas of their transactions. Since, I had to balance the twin

objectives of gathering maximum information and at the same time

retaining the interest of the customers, I was compelled to squeeze

in a lot of questions and club them up in a single question.


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SCOPE:-

Understand what is non performing assets, its reasons & methods of management ofNPA.

To know how the bank use methods of management of NPA. Give the suggestions to recover the NPA accounts.


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LIMITATIONS


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LIMITATIONS

Following are the limitations which were faced on the project.

Limitations of primary data:

Sometimes the data was important from the point of view of the project but staffs ofthe bank refuse to provide data for maintained the secrecy.

Confidential financial information cannot be disclosed.

The data available are based on annul reports.

Two months time was the main limitation because two months were not enough tounderstand the actual concept & management of non performing assets.

The objective was to collect as much as possible having no access to other records of thebank except the published statements, the interpretation of the results might not be perfect

and accurate.


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DATA ANALYSIS

& INTERPRETATION

2.1

8

0.1

7


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Comparative Analysis of Gross NPA & Net NPA of UBI & other Banks

Gross NPA (in %) Net NPA (in%)

BOB 1.46 0.35

BOI 1.48 0.45

DENA 2.37 1.16

PNB 2.09 0.45

UBI 1.82 0.59

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

BOB BOI DENA PNB UBI

BANK

GN

NN

P

E

C

E

NT

AG

R

E


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Interpretation of graph:

Above chart shows the gross NPA and net NPA of UBI bank, BOI bank,

DENA bank, PNB bank. From the above chart we come to know that the gross NPA of

Union Bank of India was more than the BOI and BOB and net NPA of UBI was more than

the PNB, BOI and BOB banks.

Comparative Analysis of Gross % of NPA & Net % of NPA over the

period of four years in UBI

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

2008 2009

2.94

2.18

0.96

0.17

YEAR

GrossNet %

P

E

R

C

E

N

T

A

G

E


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2009

Interpretation of graph:-

Above graph shows the percentage of gross and net NPA in Union Bank of India. From the

above chart we come to know that the percentage of gross & net NPA of bank is reduced during the last

four years.

Comparative Analysis of Total Deposits and Advances over the period of two

years in UBI

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

2007-08 2008-09

85180

103859

63658

75878

Rs. in crores

YEAR

Deposites

Advances


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Above graph shows the total deposits and advances of Union Bank of India in 2007-08

and 2008-09.

From above graph we come to know that the deposits and advances of bank are increased

from the year 2007-08 to 2008-09.

Comparative Analysis of Total Advances & Total NPA as on 31 March 2009 in

Alandi Branch


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Above graph shows the classification of disbursed advances with NPA as on 31 march 2009.

It also shows that total disbursement of home advances and NPA was 2017401 and 797803

respectively.

The NPA in home advances is higher as compare to other advances.

0

500000

1000000

1500000

2000000

2500000

Secured Home RetailTrade

Unioncomfort

358609

2017401

503567412147

83147

797803

25553

395793

Rs.

ADVANCES

Total Advances

Total NPA


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Comparative Analysis of Standard, Sub-standard, Doubtful & Loss Assets as

on 31 March 2009 in Alandi Branch


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4223667

15523

102403

395793

Asset Classification

Standard

Sub-standard

Doubtful

Loss


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Above graph shows the classification of assets (advances) according to RBI norms

which is done in standard, sub-standard, doubtful and loss assets.

It shows that the standard assets were 4223667 in Alandi branch and also sub-standard,

doubtful and loss was 15523, 102403, and 395793 respectively.


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FINDINGS

FINDINGS


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Non Performing Assets affects on the banks profitability. As NPA decreases, theprofitability of the bank increases. So, NPA largely affects on the banks

performance.

The deposits and advances are increasing in the bank. The comparative analysis oftotal deposits and total advances shows that the total deposits and advances are

increasing in UBI in 2007-08 & 2008-09.

Home loan constitute maximum part in the total advances of branch. Thecomparative analysis of total advances and NPA, shows that total disbursement of

home advances & NPA is maximum than other advances.

Union comfort scheme include more NPA as compare to other advances. In UnionComfort Scheme bank could not make any documentation as a secured point of

view. Borrowers take loan under this scheme but many of them take loan

intentionally & do not repay it. So because of it under this scheme NPAs are

increased.

The classification of assets is to be done in the bank and provisions on that classifiedassets has to be made according to the RBI norms.


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SUGGESTIONS

SUGGESTIONS


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1. Branch should try to improve its profitability by reducing NPA through

applying following measures,

To check proper credit worthiness & attitude of borrower at the time ofdisbursement. Some borrowers take the loan intentionally & do not able to repay

it. It should have to check his capacity to repay the loan.

To handover the recovery of branch to the recovery tribunal. The Debt RecoveryTribunal is like the court that makes compromise in between the bank &

borrower. It helps to recover the loan.

To have sound receivable management with proper planning.

2. Branch should cope with changing principals & policies for the regulation of the rising ofNPA. With every new govt. banking sector gets new policies for its operation, so the

branch should cope with it.

3. Branch should adapt the regular training & development program to increase theperformance of its staff. The training & development program gives training about how

the recovery is done, how to handle the borrower to recover loan from him.


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CONCLUSIONS

CONCLUSIONS


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The percentage of gross NPA & net NPA is reducing during the years. The bankmakes management in recovery of loan so during last four years the percentage of

gross NPA & net NPA reduced.

The bank conducted 6058 recovery camps & recovered maximum assets from thecamps. The bank tries to conduct more & more recovery camps & Make

provisions to recover the maximum assets.

The profitability of the bank increases as the percentage of NPA reduces. Duringthe last four years the percentage of gross NPA & net. NPA decreases. The bank

conducted more recovery camps. So the profitability of the bank increases.

The bank also uses the follow up & spot visit method for recovery. Manager givethe spot visit & follows borrower to recover loan.


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BIBLIOGRAPHY

BIBLIOGRAPHY


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Reference Books:-

Managing Non Performing Assets in banksAuther - S. N. Bidani; April 2008; Page no. 88-98

Study on NPA in private & public sector banksAuther - Jigar Soni & Nirav Gusai; July 2008; Page no. 120-125

Annual Report March 2009 of UBI

Internet Websites:-

www.unionbankofindia.com www.google.com


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ANNEXURE

ANNEXURE


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BALANCE SHEET

(Rupees in Thousand)

As on 31.03.2009 31.03.2008

Capital and liabilities

Capital 5051179 5051179

Reserve and surplus 68425816 46847503

Deposits 1038586450 851802191

Borrowings 47604922 42155322

Other liabilities and provisions 81064339 80922563

TOTAL 1240732706 1026778758

Assets

Cash and balances with reserve Bank of India 94547414 59175728

Balances with Banks and money at call and short notice 6430966 25088697

Investments 338226309 279817724

Advances 743482947 623864289

Fixed assets 22004044 8249968

Other assets 36041026 30582352

TOTAL 1240732706 1026778758


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HIGHLIGHTS OF UBI IN MARCH 09

Balance sheet:-

o Business stands at Rs. 179737 crore; growth 20.76%

o Deposits at Rs. 103859 Cr; growth 21.93%

o CASA at 34.86% of total deposites

o Advances at Rs. 75878 Cr.

o Business per Employee Rs. 6.20 Cr.

o Net profit per Employee Rs. 5.39 lakh


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o Net profit Rs. 1387 Cr.; growth 64.14%

Questionnaire:-

Company Name:-

Name:-


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1. When are the NPA reports prepared by the bank?1

stQuarterly

Half Yearly

Yearly

2. Does the provisions for NPA are made by RBI?Yes

No

3. Does any Health Code of the bank to NPA?Yes

No

4. Does the bank check credit position of Brower at time of sanction of loan?Yes

No

5. Is any reporting of NPA done to RBI?Yes

No

6. Which factor is more affect on NPA Accounts?Internal Factor

External Factor


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7. Does the bank take step for control of NPA Accounts?Yes

No

8. Is there any limit for the amount of loan?Yes

No

9. Is there any legal remedies are applicable to recover the amount of loan?

Yes

No

10.How are they applicable?-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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Rahul Fin Project

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