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EXPERIMENT 01 - LOG-LANDING SITES

Planting of Indigenous Species

at

the Log-landing Sites in the Model Forest Management Area (MFMA) Sarawak

for

(1) Shorea 111acrophylla (Engkabang jantong); (2) Antho~ephalus cadolnba (Kelampayan); (3) Dryobalanops (Kapur); and (4)

Azadirachta excelsa (Sentang)

Ernest Chai Oi Khun

September 1998

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Experiments on the Planting of Indigenous Species at

the Log-landing Sites in the Model Forest Management Area (MFMA)

for (1) Shorea macrophylla (Engkabang jantong); (2) Anthocep/talus

cadomba (Kelampayan); (3) Dryobalanops (Kapur); and (4) Azadirachta excelsa (Sentang)

1. Introduction

One of the terms of reference of the present duties is to carry out experiments on the rehabilitation of log-landing sites in the MFMA area. It is hope that this experiment will able to provide some guidelines on the rehabilitation of the log-landing sites in the logged-over forest in Sarawak. The number of such sites are variable by the timber density of the forested area and the hauling distance. The estimated area of the landing-site and logging road is about 800 hectares in the MFMA and the average size of each landing site is about 0.4 hectare. Based on the ground observation, the number and sight of landing sites are numerous, it become problematic to re-afforest them. Thus, it warrants the need to address this problem on the approach of rehabilitating these landing sites and abandoned roads.

These experiments will be conducted in the closed Coupe 18, blocks 6, 7, 8 in the MFMA.

2. Definition of Log-landing sites

Log-landing site in this context is defined as a site due to log loading­unloading activities where the soil is hardened, compacted to such an extent that it is impossible for a tree species to establish its root system without mechanical improvement on the soil at the site.

Log-landing sites or landing platforms were constructed by the side of logging roads to facilitate the transpOliation of logs from forests to the log­pond or transit camp. Logs are skidded by tractors from the felling site to the landing site. The logs are then sectioned, measured, debarked, sorted out by species, and stacked ready to be transpOlied by hauling trucks. Loading of

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logs on the truck is done by wheel-loader machine (shovel machine). The intense activity of these heavy machineries at the log landing site had caused sever soil compaction on the top layer of the soil. As the operation coritinued, the soil is fuliher hardened to such an extent that it was impossible for any tree species to develop and establish its root system normally.

3. Seedlings proposed for experimental trials

The available seedlings from Oya Road Nursery (Ref: RR972.14-24) are listed below and classified as qualitative timber species according to the repOli in the "Ten-Year Development Plan for the Model Forest Management Area - Sarawak (MFMA) 1996-2006":-

1. Engkabang jonatong, (Non-decorative) 2. Keruing (Non-decorative) 3. Kelampayan (Potential commercial spp.) 4. Nyatoh (Decorative) 5. Kapur (Non-decorative) 6. Keruing (Non-decorative) 7. Resak (Decorative) 8. Selangan batu (Non-decorative) 9. Lun (Decorative) 10. Sentang (Decorative)

4. Objective

The objective of these experiments is to investigate the growth performance of indigenous species (Dipterocarp and non-Dipterocarp) on the log-landing sites by soil tilting or ripping treatments.

Four species are selected for the experiment:-

1. Shorea macrophylla (Engkabang jantong) 2. Anthocephalus cadomba (Kelampayan) 3. Dryobalanops (Kapur) 4. Azadirachta excelsa (Sentang)

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All the seedlings are numbered in a running order as RlI01, RlI02, RlI03 ... (Replicate lIseedling no. 1). A proper form was used to record all the assessments (see data recording form at the back).

5.2. Experimental design

Components of the experiment are: -

(1) Four species (2) Treatment: Soil ripping and control (no-ripping treatment) (3) Three replicates (4) 40 seedlings per treatment/species

Number of seedlings required = 4 sp x 2 treat x 3 rep x 40 seedling/sp = 960

Total number of seedlings for four species 4 x 240/species = 960 seedlings.

See the experimental design below.

All the seedlings were covered with fern leaves to protect them from exposure of direct sunlight. Seedlings are spaced at 1 m x 1 m apart.

For the treatment, seedling will be planted on the ripped soil (mounted soil).

For the control, no ripping of soil is required. However, the planting hole will be mounted and dug out by a bicker (weight: 5 lb. ) for at least 30 cm deep with a diameter of 20 cm. See sketch attached and the figure below.

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Main Logging Road MFMA - PLANTING STTES SKETCH MAP

N

t ( T/3193/Coupe 18 - Block 6,. 7 & 8 )

Logging Road (2.0 km. long )

1/ ..... / ,

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I To RH Basa Camp

llEFER.ENCE : ( Map not to scale )

Planting Area fur Hxperiment 02 Replicate 1

Planting Area fur Hxperiment 02 Replicate 2

Planting Area fur Hxperiment 02 Replicate J

Planting Area in Skid Trail

- Plot of Experiment 01 ., see notes below:

Hxperiment 01: Planting on compa.c1ed soil: Log landing area and logging road ( 4 sp x 2 treatment x J replicate x 40 seed I rep )

Hxperiment 02: Planting along the road side on mounted soil ( 4 sp x 2 treatment x J replicate x 40 seed I rep )

Stream

Experiment 01 Replicate 1

Experiment 02 Replicate 1

Experiment 02 Replicate 2

Hxpe:riment 01 Replicate 2

Experiment 02 ReplicateJ

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Experjment 01 ReplicateJ

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MFMA - T/3173 Coupe 18 Blocks 6, 7 & 8

Experiment 01 Planting on Log Landing

(Layout of Control and treatment is identical)

Spacing: I M by I M 1234 1234 1234

Layout of A Replicate (With 4 blocks/traetment)

12m

I Srn I 3m I Srn I 3m 1 Srn I 3m I ... ......... .. ~ ..... ~ Srn ... .. Notes: Line I Engkabang Jantong (Shorea macrophylla) Seedling No. I to

Line 2. Kapor Empedu (Dryobalanops fusca) Seedsling No. I to

Line 3. Kelampayan (Anthocelphalus cadAMBA) Seedling No. I to 10.

Line 4. Sentang (Azidirachta excelsa) Seedling No. I to

5.3 Assessments

Table 1: Maintenance Schedule for Experiments 1

Maint. Schedule Age in Maintenance Activities No. Date month (assessment)

1 October 1998 0 Establislunent, assess collar diameter & height, applied 100 gm NPK

2 Feb 1999 3 assess collar diam and height, 200 gm NPK, weed & creeper clearing

3. May 1999 6 assess collar diam and height, 300 gm NPK, weed & creeper clearing

4 Aug 1999 9 assess collar diam and height, weed & creeper clearing

5 Nov 1999 12 assess collar diam and height, weed & creeper clearing

6 May 2000 18 assess collar diam and height, weed & creeper clearing

7 Nov 2000 24 assess collar diam and height, weed & creeper clearing

Remark

Completed by 17 November 98

Prepare 1 SI Interim Report

Prepare 2nd interim Report

Last asse~sment. Prepare final report

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Seedlings Planted Along Log-Landing Sites

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Seedlings Planted Along Log-Landing Sites

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5.4 Maintenance

Maintenance of the seedlings should be carried out at the same time when the assessments are calTied out. This includes weeding and removal of creepers on the seedlings. Weed removal by 'chengko' should be done in a circular manner at a radius of 50 cm from the stem of the seedling.

5.5 Duration of the experiment

This experiment is proposed to be maintained for at least two years. The last assessment should be in December 2000.

6. Costs of Fertilisers

6.1 Fertiliser Application

During the planting of the seedlings, 100 gm ofNPK (12:12:18%) will be applied to each seedling in the planting holes or mounts. Compact the soil at the planting holes or mounts by feet so that the soil will be firmed and will not be washed away by rain water.

Two subsequent applications of fertilisers at 200 gm and 300 gm ofNPK per seedling are carried out on the 3rd and 6th month respectively after planting. In the second and the third feliiliser applications, a small trench of 10 cm depth to be dug with a hoe and into which, the fertilisers will be placed and then covered with soil completely. The circular trench shaH be below the edge of the circumference of the branches.

The amount ofNPK required for one species will be:-

1. NPK required per seedling = 100 + 200 + 300 gm = 600 gm 2. Number of seedlings = 4 sp x 2 treat x 3 rep x 40 seed/rep = 960 seedlings 3. Total NPK required = 960 seedlings x 600 gm = 576000 gm or 576 kg.

Total NPK required = 576 kg

Estimated cost of per 25 kg/packing @ RM 38.

RM 38 x 576/25 = RM 875.52

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6.2 Manpower

Planting, site preparation and establishment of the experiment will be carried out" by one crew and is estimated to be completed within 20 to 25 days including moving as:-

manpower x day x rate = total

1. Crew Leader (Forest Ranger) - 1 x 25 x 48 = RM 1,200 2. Forest guardsINursery man IMandor - 2 x 25 x 48 = RM 2,400 3. One driver - 1 x 25 x 48 = RM 1,200 4. Causal Labouers/camp boy - 7x 25x65.40=RMll,445

Estimated Cost M 16,245.00

6.3 Total Costs of the Experiment

1. Manpower 2. Fertiliser cost 3. Purchase of bicker, hoe, etc 4. Purchase of Sentang @ RM 1.50 x 160

RM 16,245.00 583.76 500.00 240.00

Total Cost RM 17,568.76

7. Soil Type

The soil type, level and depth of soil compaction, moisture and mineral content at the experimental sites .

8. Assumption

It is assumed that there are no differences III the soil conditions and compaction in the three replicates.

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9. Result and Analysis

1. T -test on the initial diameter and height of the seedlings - to detect if there is any differences in the initial stage of the seedlings.

2. T -test on the diameter and height increment; to detect any periodic differences in growth of each site for each species for second, third and fOUlih assessments after planting .

3. ANOV AR on the diameter and height increment on the two sites (replicates) for each species.

10. Interim and Final Reports

Interim report will be prepared one year after the establishment of the experiment.

Final report on the findings of the experiment after 18 months of the planting will be submitted to the Project leader ofMFMA .

11. Recommendations

In the final report, recommendations based on the findings of the experiments will be proposed for consideration.

Prepared by:

(Ernest Chai) ITTO Plantation Research Officer

Date: 10 January 1999

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