niBn§eday * Kg; vIr³ nig RBab can;m:ar:a

sRmbsRmYleday * »k supun vin éLCY nig hug mkra

]btßmÖfvikaeday * raCrdæaCb:un tamry³GgÁkaryUeNsáÚ

e)HBum<pSBVpSayeday * GgÁkaryUeNsáÚ

rkSasiT§ieday * © UNESCO/ RksYgvb,Fm’ nigviciRtsil,³

nigGñkniBn§ 2014

matika

cMNab;GarmμN_ rdæm®nþIRksYgvb,Fm’nigviciRtsil,³>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>kcMNab;GarmμN_ tMNagyUeNsáÚRbcaMkm<úCa>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>K1> esckþIepþIm>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>12> RbvtþisegçbEs,kFMenAkm<úCa>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>63> BiFIepSg²EdlmansEmþgEs,kFM>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>124> karsEmþgEs,kFM>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>13

k> qak>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>15x> ePøg>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>18K> Es,k>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>20X> GñkeBal>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>21g> GñkeCItEs,k>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>22c> RKÚdwknaM>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>24q> vKÁRtÚvsEmþg>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>25C> BiFIehamerag>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>26Q> dMeNIrkarsEmþg>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>28j> kayvikarnigk,ac;raM>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>31

5> CMenOepSg²Tak;TgnwgEs,kFM>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>326> karplit nigTukdak;Es,k>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>337> bNþúHbNþal nigkarhat;eron>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>398> RkumelçanEs,kFMbc©úb,nñ>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>40

k> RkumEs,kFMrbs;RksYgvb,Fm’nigviciRtsil,³>>>>>>>>>>>>>>41x> RkumEs,kFMsmaKmsil,³ suvNÑPUmi>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>45K> RkumEs,kFMsmaKmsil,kreKakFøk>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>48X> RkumEs,kFMelakta TI eCon>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>56g> RkumEs,kFMvtþraCbUB’>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>67c> RkumEs,kFMenACitvtþck>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>81

9> snñidæan>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>83ÉksarBieRKaH>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>90

--

cMNab;GarmμN_ elaCMTavrdæm®nþI RksYgvb,Fm’ nigviciRtsil,³

-k-

enAkm<úCamansil,³EbbsEmþgeRcInRbePT TaMgt®nþI r)M elçan karniTan nigsURt

CaedIm. manmrtkRbéBNIxøHRtUv)t;bg;edayRbkarepSg² tamkaleTs kñúgRbvtþi

d¾Evgq¶ayrbs;RsukExμr. Es,kFM k¾Casil,³mYyEbbEdrkñúgcMeNam sil,³ buraNd¾eRcIn

sn§wksn§ab; ehIyCasil,³manlkçN³ CaTIskáar³RCaleRCAkñúg sgÁmExμr.

bc©úb,nñkarEdlykcitþTukdak;xøaMgeTAelIvis½yebtikPNÐkñúgBiPBelak yl;

eXIjfaebtikPNÐ GrUbI EdlTak;TgnwgcMeNHdwgrebobRbéBNI nigskmμPaBsil,³

epSg²RbkbedayeTBekaslürbs;mnusSgayTTYlrgkar)t;bg;xøaMg ehIyBi)knwg

sþareLIgvijeTotpg. dUecñaHehIysBVéf¶ enHeKCMruj(mankarykcitþTukdak;KaMRT elIktémø

bgálkçN³(manskmμPaBpSBVpSay Gb;rM bNþúHbNþalbnþ edIm,IEfrkSa(mrtkTaMgenaH

Kg;vgSenACaGEgVgteTAeTot.

Es,kFM EdlmantémøCasil,³pg CaRbéBNIpg nigCaCMenOd¾éføføapg )n

GgÁkaryUeNsáÚ )nRbkascUlCasm,tþiebtikPNÐGrUbIrbs;mnusSCati enA qñaM2005.

karRsavRCav nigniBn§esovePAenH KWCakarcgRkgÉksar nigCa»kaspSBVpSay

sil,³Es,kFM enAkm<úCa (kan;Etmankarcab;GarmμN_BIsMNak;saFarNCn TUeTA k¾dUcCa

breTsnanaEdr. eqøótkñúgeBlenH ́ sUmEføgGMNrKuNcMeBaH raCrdæaPi)lCb:un EdlCYy

]btßmÖfvika nigGgÁkaryUeNsáÚ RbcaMRbeTskm<úCa EdlykcitþTukdak;CYyeRCamERCgRKb;

Ebby:agedIm,Ivis½yvb,Fm’Exμr.

karEfrkSamrtkburaNenH KWCaktþBVkic©rbs;eyIgTaMgGs;Kña dUecñHeyIgTaMgGs;

KñaemtþaCYy eRCamERCgtamlT§PaB TaMgkarCYyKaMRT elIkTwkcitþ TaMgkarGb;rM pSBVpSay

bNþúHbNþalepÞrcMeNHdwg nigbgálkçN³(sil,³EbbenHmanskmμPaB rs;revIkeLIg

EdlCameFüa)y(Es,kFM)nenAKg;vgS teTAmuxeTot.

rdæm®nþI RksYgvb,Fm’ nigviciRtsil,³

ePOg skuNa

cMNab;GarmμN_ tMNagyUeNsáÚRbcaMkm<úCa

ebtikP½NÐvb,Fm’GrUbIeRcInmanPaBpuyRsÜy niggay TTYl rgeRKaH )t;bg; rUb

ragCagebtikP½NÐvb,Fm’rUbI CaBiesscMeBaHbNþaRbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_. Gsm PaBkñúg

BaNiC¢kmμ saklPavUbnIykmμ niglMhUrénRbB½n§pSBVpSay d¾KMhukmYyeFVI (eKminGac

eCos put)nBIkarpøas;bþÚrvb,Fm’Kña rvagRbeTs ]sSahkmμ nigRbeTs kMBugGPivDÆn_

Edl)neFVI(RbCaCatiTaMgGs;enAelIBiPBelakykKMrUtam²Kña.

kmøaMgd¾es¶óms¶at;enHkMBugman\T§iBly:agxøaMg eTAelIbNþaRbeTskMBug

GPivDÆn_. RbeTskm<úCak¾minGaceKcputBI\T§iBlenH)nEdr. kñúgvibtþienH elçan Rsemal

Es,kFM k¾RtÚv)nRbkasTTYlsÁal;edayGgÁkaryUeNsáÚCa sñaédÉkEpñkevaha

ekaslüénmnusSCatienAéf¶TI25 Exvicäika qñaM2005 nigRtÚv)ncuHenAkñúg bBa¢IebtikPNÐ

vb,Fm’GrUbIrbs;mnusSCaticab;taMgBIéf¶TI4 Exvicäika qñaM 2008 mk.

enAkñúgRkbxNÐénkarGPirkSebtikPNÐvb,Fm’GrUbI tamry³kargarBRgwg

smtßPaBfñak;Cati nigeday)nTTYlCMnYy]btßmÖfvikaBIraCrdæaPi)lCb:un kñúgkmμviFI

ksagsmtßPaBenAkñúgRbeTskm<úCa kariyal½yGgÁkaryUeNsáÚenAPñMeBj eday

mankarshkary:agCitsñiT§CamYyRksYgvb,Fm’nigviciRtsil,³ rYmTaMgGgÁkarminEmn

rdæaPi)l nigsmaKmsil,³k¾)nerobcMvKÁbNþúH bNþal edIm,IepÞrcMeNHCMnajnig

RbéBNI énelçanRsemalEs,kFMeTAdl; yuvCnCMnan;eRkayenAPñMeBj nigesomrab.

elIsBIenHeTAeTotkariyal½yGgÁkaryUeNsáÚPñMeBj edayshkary:ag CitsñiT§

CamYyRksYgvb,Fm’nigviciRtsil,³ nigsaklviTüal½yPUminÞviciRt sil,³ nig edayman

karKaMRTEpñkhirBaØvtßúBIsMNak;raCrdæaPi)lCb:un eyIg )neFVIkarRsav RCavnigeFVIbBa¢Isar

eBIP½NÐelçanRsemalEs,kFMenAkñúgtMbn; sMxan;² énRbeTskm<úCa edIm,IeFVIbc©úb,nñkmμ

elIB½t’man sßanPaBsil,kr RKÚ Rkúmsil,³mhaCn GgÁkarminEmn rdæaPi)l nigsmaKm

sil,³ EdlkMBugbMeBjkargarenAkñúgTRmg;sil,³enH.

CafμImþgeTot ́ sUmEføgGMNrKuNy:agRCaleRCAdl;RkúmGñkRsavRCav sil,kr

RKÚEdl)ncUlrYmcMENkkargard¾sb,úrseTIbKeRmagenHTTYl)n eCaKC½y .

´sgÇwmfakare)HBumÖpSayenH nwgkøayeTACaÉksareyagmYyy:agsMxan;

sRmab;GñkRsavRCav sisS nisSitenAkñúgeBlGnaKt.

Gan LWEmRt

tMNagGgÁkaryUeNsáÚRbcaMkm<úCa

-x-

1> esckþIepþIm

RbePTsil,³sEmþgenAkm<úCamaneRcInEbbeRcIny:agNas; xøH

sRmab; kmSanþsb,ayrIkraykñúg»kasGVImYy xøHeFVIeLIgCakic©BiFIkñúgCMenO

epSg² nigxøHeTotsRmab;EtCaeRKÓgtgVaycMeBaHeTBnikrnanaCa edIm.

EbbbTénkarsEmþgenaHeTotesatk¾Ebøk²KñaeTAtamRbePTnImYy² Et

ebIeBal (segçbxøImkeyIgeXIjfa karsEmþgNaEdleRbIkayvikarerraM

Cak,ac; kac;Bt;éd Bt;eCIg nigeFVIdgxøÜn(Tn;cuHeLIglVtélV KYrCaTIKy

Kn; enaH eKeRcInehAfa {r)M} d,itmkBIBakü#sfa {raM }. ÉkarsEmþgNa

EdlelgCasac;erOg Caqak CaQutdkRsg;mkBIeTBkfaburaNnana

$erOgr:avkñúgKm<Irsasna $mYyerOgeRBgniTanCaedIm bc©úb,nñeKniym

ehAfa {elçan}. karsEmþgxøHGacelgeTA)nedayqøgkat;karhat;

eron tic$eRcIn xøHeTotekItecjBIeTBekaslüpÞal;xøÜn manPaBrh½s

rhYn Qøasév GacCaBaküCasmþI GacCakayvikar $\riyabf nig

skmμPaBCaedIm. sil,³sEmþgsBVsareBITaMgGm,alm:anenaH eKehA

srubfa {mehaRsB} $BImunmkeKehAfa {El,g} eRBaHmkBIfa {elg}.

kñúgcMeNamsil,³sEmþgepSg²eRcInsn§wksn§ab; ehIyCa

BiesskñúgcMeNamkarsEmþgEbbCaTIskáar³enaH eyIgeXIjfaman

{ Es,kFM } mYyEdr EdlsßitkñúgBBYkelçan eBalKWelgCadMeNIrerOgCa

QutqakhUrEh ehIyKRKwkKeRKgGWgkgpg. tamBiteTAenA km<úCa

bc©úb,nñmanelçanEs,kbIEbb KWEs,kFM Es,ktUc ¬$ehAfa {Gay:g}

$GñkxøHehAfa {NaMgtalug}¦ nigEs,kBN’. Es,kTaMgGs;enHeFVIBI

Es,keKa EdleKdab;(ecjCarUbtYGgÁ $CaragGVIepSg² eTAtam

sac;erOgnanaEdlRtUvsEmþg. sUmCRmabfa elçanEs,kEtgmanePøg

-1-

BiNBaTümYyvg;sRmab;RbKMkMdrtamdMeNIrerOg RBmTaMgmanGñkeBal

erobrab; nigqøgeqøIyCasac;erOghUrEhpg.

Es,kFM CapÞaMgEs,kmanTMhMFM² sRmab;elgerOgramekrþ×Et

mü:agbu:eNÑaH. dUecñaHEs,kFMeKqøak;EtrUbtYGgÁeTB ykS mnusS stV

rukçCati FmμCati vtßú sMNg; nigGVI²epSg²kñúgsac;erOgramekrþ×enaHÉg

¬rUbelx1¦.

-2-

rUbelx1* rUbtYGgÁkñúgerOgramekrþ×enAelIEs,kFM.

edaysarerOgenHCaeTBkfaEvg ehIymantYGgÁ nigQutqakeRcInpg

em:øaHehIytRmUv(manEs,ksRmab;sEmþgenaH rab;sib $rhUtdl; rab;ry

pÞaMgÉeNaH ¬rUbelx2¦. CaTUeTAeKkRmnwgelgerOgramekrþ×mYycb;

Nas; KWelgCavKÁ²Qut²Rtg;kMNat; NamYy énsac;erOg EdlcaM)c;

Etb:ueNÑaH.

Es,ktUc CaEs,ksRmab;elgerOgxøI² EdlCaerOgeRBgniTan

$erOgniBn§fμI ehIyCYnkalCaerOgkMbøúkkMEbøgKYrCaTIrIkraykmSanþ

sb,aypg. rIÉTMhMpÞaMgEs,knImYy²enaHvij eXIjfatUc² ¬rUbelx3¦

gayRsYlkan;sEmþgkac;cuHkac;eLIg Tajjak;elIkdak;tamcitþGñk

sEmþg(ecjCakayvikarrs;revIkKYCaTIKyKn; ¬rUbelx4¦ CYneFVI(

GñkemIlGs;sMeNIcesIck¥akk¥ayEfmeTotpg.

-3-

rUbelx2* Es,kFMmanpÞaMgEs,keRcInrab;sib $rhUtdl;CagmYyrypÞaMgsRmab;sEmþg.

Es,kBN’ KWCaEs,kEdleKdab;qøak;ecjCarUbtYGgÁtamerOg

epSg²ehIy eKlabpat;BN’enAelIépÞEs,keTAtamrUbnImYy² hak;dUc

CaKMnUrBN’y:agdUecñaH ¬rUbelx5¦. Es,kBN’eRcInEtsRmab;elg

CaerOgEbbburaNkñúgsa®sþaEl,g erOgeRBg $erOgCatkkñúgBuT§sasna

CaedIm ehIyeRcInsEmþgenAeBléf¶.

eyIgKYrRCabEdrfa elçanEs,kBuMEmnmanenAEtRsukExμenHeT

KWmanenAbNþaRbeTsCaeRcInkñúgtMbn;GasuIeyIgenH ]TahrN_man

enARbeTs\NÐa RbeTs\NÐÚensuI esom PUmaCaedIm. Es,krbs;

RbeTs nImYy²enaH EtgmanrUbrag TMhM rebobsEmþg nigesaP½NPaB

RBmTaMgxøwmsareyageTAtamvb,Fm’énCatisasn_rbs;eKerog²xøÜn.

-4-

rUbelx3* Es,ktUc $ehAfa {Gay:g}$ {NaMgtalug} enAextþ)t;dMbgnaTsvtS1960 ¬rUbftRsg;mkBI*ExμrRbQmmuxnwgvb,Fm’/ éryM/2001.

rUbelx4* Es,ktUc eyIgGaceFVI(manclnaédeCIg $kayvikarepSg²)n edaycab;ruj TajkUnCnÞl;#sSIjak;ExScuHeLIg ¬rUbftRsg;mkBI*ExμrRbQmmuxnwgvb,Fm’/ éryM/2001.

enATIenH eyIg´sUmBinitüsegátemIlGMBIelçanEs,kFMenAkm<úCa edayBwg

Ep¥kelIÉksarcas;²EdlmanmkxøH edaykarsegátemIlCahUrEh

naeBlknøgmkxøH nigkarRsg;B½t’manBImnusSmñaCaeRcInkñúgRkumGñk

sEmþgEs,kFMnana RBmTaMgBinitüsegátkñúgRKabc©úb,nñenHpg.

-5-

rUbelx5* Es,kBN’.

2> RbvtþisegçbEs,kFMenAkm<úCa

dUc)nCRmabrYcmkehIyfa eKsEmþgEs,kFMKWelgEterOg

ramekrþ×b:ueNÑaH ehIyerOgramekrþ×enH ExμrykmkeFVI(eTACasil,³epSg²

dUcCasURt niTan eRcóg KUr qøak; sEmþgCar)M nigelgCaelçaneRcIn

Ebby:ag. erOgramekrþ×enH)ncak;#seRCAeTAkñúgsgÁmExμrxøaMgNas;

rhUtdl;køayCaRbéBNIy:agmutmaMeTotpg mantaMgBIkic©BiFInana

eRKÓg rNþab; k,ÜnTsSn_Tay k,ÜnemIlCm¶W sUm,IEteQμaHGñkta eQμaH

mnusS stV rukçCati FmμCati nigvtßúmYycMnYn k¾swgCab;Tak;TgnwgerOg

ramekrþ×Edr ¬RBab can;m:ar:a/ FñÚ 2009-FñÚ 2010¦. dUecñHedIm,IBinitüemIl

BIRbvtþielçanEs,kFMenAkm<úCa eyIgKYreFVIesckþIsegátGMBIdMeNIredImTg

énerOgramekrþ×enAelITwkdIenHbnþicsin.

eyIgdwgCaTUeTAehIyfa erOgramekrþ×manRbPBenARsuk\NÐa

taMgBIsm½yburaN EdleKehAfa {erOgramayN} ehIyExμrenHFøab;

TTYl\T§iBlGarüFm’\NÐaenaHy:agehacNas;k¾taMgBIrvags>v>TI3

$munenaHeTotk¾mindwg. kñúgcMeNamerOgr:av nigGVI²mYycMnYnEdlExμr

TTYl\T§iBlBI\NÐaburaN KWmanerOgramekrþ×enHEdr EdlsMxan;xøaMg.

PsþútagCavtßúburaNEdlbBa¢ak;BIerOgramekrþ×manenARsukExμr KWy:ag

ehacNas;k¾taMgBIsm½ymunGgÁr KWrvags>v>TI6 dUcmanRbtima RBHram

CaedIm EdleKrkeXIjenARkugburaNkñúgRsukGgÁrburI extþtaEkvCaedIm

Edr ¬rUbelx6¦. ebIeBalmkdl;sm½yGgÁrvij eyIgBuMGacerobrab;

(Gs;)neLIy d,itmanPsþútageRcInCaGenkNas; TaMgsilacarwk

TaMgcmøak;nanaenAnwgR)saT ¬rUbelx7¦ TaMgrUbRbtimaepSg²pg

¬rUbelx8¦ ehIyman R)saTxøHqøak;QutqakerOgenHenAtamEpñknana

-6-

-7-

rUbelx6* rUbRBHram ¬EdlCatYGgÁsMxan;kñúgerOgramekrþצ rvag s>v>TI6rkeXIjenARsukGgÁrburI extþtaEkvEdlsBVéf¶eKdak;taMgbgðajenAsarmnÞIrCati PñMeBj.

rUbelx7* cmøak;GMBIQutmYyénerOgramekrþ× ¬suRKIBRbyuT§CamYyBalI¦ enAelIehaCagR)saTbnÞayRsI s>v>TI10/ extþesomrab.

CaeRcIn dUcCaR)saTbnÞayRsI )PYn GgÁrvtþ bnÞaysMEr )y½nþ

bnÞayqμar.l. ebIcMeBaHGgÁrvtþvij mancmøak;erOgramekrþ×enAesÞIr

RKb;kEnøg ehIyelICBa¢aMgeragTgTImYy RKan;EtqakniyayGMBIcm,aMg

enAnKrlgáamYy manRbEvgswgEt50Em:RtÉeNaH. luHbnþmksm½y

kNþaleTot manTaMgsl;TMnuksMeNrtaMgBIrvags>v>TI16 $TI17

mkpg ¬SAVEROS Pou, 1979¦ ehIymanCahUrEh\tdac;mkdl;

sBVéf¶enH.

ebIBinitüelIsilacarwkExμrburaNxøH eyIgeXIjmanPsþútagerOg

ramekrþ×taMgBIrvags>v>TI6$TI7 dUcnwgrUbcmøak;xagelIEdr KWsilacrwk

valkenÞl ¬K. 359¦ manniyayBIRBahμN_mñak;eQμaH { RsIesam’n } CUn

Km<IrerOgrameKrþ× ¬nigKm<IrepSg²eTot¦ eTAR)saT ehIybgÁab;(eK

-8-

rUbelx8* rUbsuRKIB RbyuT§CamYyBalI rkeXIjenAtMbn;ekaHekr×þ s>v>TI10/ extþeRBHvihar/sBVéf¶ dak;taMgbgðajenAsarmnÞIrCati PñMeBj.

sURtCaRbcaM. kñúgTMenomburaNeKeCOfa karsURt karsþab;erORBH dUcCa

ramekrþ×enHCaedIm enaHnwgGacCRmH)bmnÞilpgTaMgLay)n ¬suIy:un

suPariT§/ ExFñÚ qñaM2007¦. ÉenAkñúgR)saTRBHx½nmanRBHETntmál;

RbtimaRBHram RBHlkçN_ nignagsIta EdleKeKarBbUCadUceTBnana

Edr ehIyEfmTaMgcarCasilacarwkenAnwgemTVarbnÞb;tmál;RBHrUbenaH

pg ¬rUbelx9¦ EdlmanesckþIfa*

- kRmetg CKt rameTB ¬RBHram¦

- kRmetg CKt lkμSN ¬RBHlkçN_¦

- RBHPKvtI sIta ¬nagsIta¦.

-9-

rUbelx9* silacarwkenAR)saTRBHx½n ¬tMbn;GgÁr¦ s>v>TI12 niyayGMBIRBHnamRBHram RBHlkçN_ nignagsIta.

dUecñHeyIgeXIjfa erOgramekrþ×enHenACab;nwgsasnaTaMgRsug

ehIykarsEmþgCabTCaEbbepSg²kþI KWsuT§Etkñúgn½yCaTIskáar³enaH

Ég. kñúgcMeNamkarsEmþgCar)MnanaenAsm½yburaN eyIgBuMdwgc,as;fa

eKykerOgramekrþ×eTAelgCaelçanEs,kEdr $y:agNaeT. k¾b:uEnþKYr

(cab;GarmμN_eTAelIBaküxøHkñúgsilacarwkenAsm½ymunGgÁr dUcCa

Baküfa {tukþr} $ {tuktr} EdlsBVéf¶eyIgehAfa {tukáta} sMedAeTA

elIrUbepSg²Carbs;Gackan;cuHeLIg)npg nigehAsMedAelIKMnUr

EbbEl,gxøHpg dUcCaBaküfa {KMnUrtukáta} ¬bc©úb,nñ GñkxøHehAfa {KMnUr

CIvcl}¦CaedIm KWKMnUrEdleKeFVI(manclnasEmþgCasac;erOg epSg².

Baküfa {tukþr} mankñúgsilacarwkvtþ)siT§ K.78 carenAqñaM668

nig677 ¬rUbelx10¦ nigBaküfa {tuktr} mankñúgsilacarwkR)saT

eKakrkar K.155 carenAs>v>TI7enaHEdr ¬rUbelx11¦.

-10-

rUbelx10* silacarwkvtþ)siT§¬K.78¦ s>v>TI7 manBaküfa {tukþr}EdlTMngCaRtUvKñanwgBakübc©úb,nñfa{tukáta} CarUbeKGackan; elIkTukelIkdak;)n.

rUbelx11* silacarwkR)saTeKakck ¬K.155¦ s>v>TI7 manBaküfa {tuktr} EdlTMngCaRtUvKñanwgBakübc©úb,nñfa {tukáta} CarUbeKGackan; elIkTuk elIkdak;)n.

BaküxagelIenHKWCaeQμaHRsI²EdlCaGñkeFVIkarenAnwgR)saT

enaH. eTaHCay:agNak¾edayk¾eyIgeXIjfa Exμrsm½ymunGgÁrman

BaküenHEdr ehIyebIBaküenaHmann½yfaCarUb $KMnUrEdleKeFVI(man

clna ¬dUcn½ysBVéf¶¦ enaHKYr(cab;GarmμN_fa KMnUrEdlhak;manCIvit

¬clna¦ enAsm½ymun KWKμanGVIeRkAGMBIEl,gEs,ktUc $Es,kFMenHeLIy

Edlman rUbenAelIpÞaMgsMBt;s eFVIclnadUcKñanwgKMnUrsm½ybc©úb,nñehA

fa {kukáta} enaH. eyIg´minGHGagdac;Nat;fa BaküenaHmann½yesμInwg

elçanEs,kdUecñHEtmþgeT EtenHKWCasmμtikmμmYyKYr(ykcitþTukdak;

Edr.

luHmkdl;cugs>v>TI19 nigs>v>TI20rhUtmk eyIgdwgfaman

elçanEs,kCaFmμtaenARsukExμr. tamr)ykarN_epSg²rbs; elak

vNÑ mUlIvNÑ CaGtItsaklviTüaFikarénsaklviTüal½yPUminÞviciRt

sil,³ enATsvtS1960 ¬vNÑ mUlIvNÑ/ 1965¦/ elakhg; Fnhak;

CaGñkRKb;RKgEpñkelçanCati enAsaklviTüal½yPUminÞviciRtsil,³kñúg

TsvtS1960-70 nigelak lI Fametg CaGñkniBn§GtßbTRsavRCav

nanakþI ¬lI Fametg/ 1971¦ suT§EtGac(eyIgdwgfa enArvag

TsvtS1960-70 manRkumelçanEs,kenAPñMeBj/ extþesomrab

nigextþ)t;dMbgCaedIm. RkumelçanEs,kenAextþ)t;dMbgl,Il,ajxag

Es,ktUc $ehAfa {Gay:g} $ {NaMgtalug}. RkumenAextþesomrabBUEk

xagEs,kFM ÉenARkugPñMeBjmanTaMgEs,kFM manTaMgEs,ktUc.

-11-

3> BiFIepSg²EdlmansEmþgEs,kFM

Es,kFMCaelçanmYyEbbsEmþgEterOgramekrþ× ehIyeyIgdwg

Rsab;Edrfa erOgenHCaeTBkfaburaN manlkçN³CaTIskáar³xøaMg

køaNas; dUecñaHkarsEmþgEs,kFMk¾eyageTAtameTskalenaHEdr.

CaTMenomerogmk eKBuMsUvykEs,kFMeTAsEmþgdUcEl,gepSg² Edlelg

CakarkmSanþsb,ayeBlNak¾)nenaHeLIy eBalKWTal;Etsßitkñúg

»kasGVIEdlCaBiFIFMduM ehIyBiFIenaHeTotsuT§EtmanlkçN³CaCMenO

Cakic©]TÞis bYgsYg $bn;Rsn;CaedIm.

BiFIbuNüFM²EdlFøab;dwgfamanelgEs,kFM KWRBHraCBiFIbuNü

fVayRBHePøIgRBHbrmsBRBHmhakSRt RBHsBRBHjativgS RBHbrmsB

semþcRBHsgÇraC RBHsBRBHRKUecAGFikarvtþ $RBHsgÇEdlman

RBHkitþinamx<g;x<s;CaedIm. rIÉkñúgBiFIbuNüepSgeTot mandUcCa

RBHraCBiFIraCaPieskRBHmhakSRteLIgesayraCü RBHraCBiFIbuNü

ceRmInRBHCnμRBHmhakSRt RBHraCBiFIbuNüFM²mYycMnYn nigBiFIenA

tamPUmiRsuknana manbuNübBa©úHx½NÐsIma buNüGPieskRBHBuT§rUb

buNüqøgGVIepSg²kñúgTIvtþGaram buNüceRmInRBHCnμRBHRKUecAGFikarvtþ

buNüPUmi.l.

sm½ybc©úb,nñ eyIgGaceXIjeKsEmþg Es,kFMkñúg»kasepSg²

eRcInEbby:ag TaMgkñúgBiFIbuNüdUctamTMenomBImunmkpg TaMgkñúgkmμviFI

mehaRsBnana $sEmþgkñúgTivaCatiGVImYy ]TahrN_ Tivavb,Fm’CaedIm

pg.

-12-

4> karsEmþgEs,kFM

dUc)neBalmkehIyfa Es,kFMelgEterOgramekþr×bu:eNÑaH

ehIyerOgenHEvgq¶ayNas; ebIelgmYycb;erOgenaHBuMdwgRtUvkarb:unμanéf¶

b:unμanGaTitüeT. mü:ageTot sac;erOgk¾mantYGgÁmnusS ykS stV eTB

nigFmμCatinana RBmTaMgQutqakenaHeRcInBn;eBkNas; dUecñaH

k¾tRmUv(manEs,ktamdMeNIrerOgk¾eRcInrab;ryÉeNaHEdr. emø:aHehIy

eKBuMEdl)neXIjmaneKelgEs,kFMmYycb;erOgramekrþ×TaMgmUleLIy.

enHminniyaydl;karhat;eronpg. CakarCak;Esþg eKEtgeRCIserIs

ykmYyvKÁ BIrvKÁ $bIvKÁ kñúgcMeNamsac;erOgEdlmaneRcInvKÁmkelg

ehIyEdlCYnkaleRbIeBlBIrbIyb;eTIbelgcb;vKÁenaHeTot. kareRCIs

erIsvKÁ $QutqakmksEmþgk¾GaRs½ytambribTénBiFIbuNüenaHEdr.

enAeBlsEmþg eKEtgelIkykbnÞHEs,keTAdak;EGbCab;nwg

pÞaMgsMBt;s(qøúHRsemalecjCarUb edaymanBnøWePøIgEdleKdutenA

EpñkmçagénsMBt;senaH ehIyGñkkan;Es,knImYy²rujcuHrujeLIg eTAmux

eTAeRkay eFVI(Es,kenaHmanclnahak;dUcCatYGgÁepSg²beBa©j

skmμPaBtamdMeNIrerOgeKeBal nigcgVak;ePøgEdleKelgkMdrtam

lMdab;lMeday ¬rUbelx12¦. edIm,IelgelçanEs,kFM tRmUv(manmnusS

mYyRkum KWRKURtYtkarTUeTA GñkeBal GñkePøg GñkeCItEs,k GñkemIlePøIg

nigRtUvmansmÖar³mYycMnYneTot.

-13-

-14-

rUbelx12* karsEmþgEs,kFM.

-15-

k> qak

qaksRmab;sEmþgelçanEs,kFMRtUvmansMBt;smYypÞaMgFM

TTwgRbEhl2-3Em:Rt beNþayRbEhl8-10Em:Rt cgsn§wgx<s;put

BIdIRbEhlmYyEm:Rt ¬rUbelx13¦. enAxageRkaypÞaMgsMBt;s manbnÞb;

mYyEdleKeRcInykkenÞlmkhu‘mbiT)Mg ¬rUbelx14¦ edIm,IerobcMEs,k

dak;tamlMdab; EdlRtUvelIkkan;ykeTAsEmþgpg ¬rUbelx15¦ nigedIm,I

(GñkeCItEs,kecjcUltamdMeNIrerOg nigxøHkan;Es,keRtómxøÜnecj

pøas;bþÚrKñatamtYGgÁnImYy²pg ¬rUbelx16¦. enAkNþalbnÞb; BIeRkay

pÞaMgsMBt;sFMenaH manranePøIgmYyx<s;putBIdIRbEhlmYyEm:Rt ¬rUbelx

17¦ sRmab;dutePøIg(eqHRTeKaleLIg eBlsEmþg ¬rUbelx18¦.

rUbelx13* pÞaMgsMBt;ssRmab;sEmþgEs,kFM.

-16-

rUbelx14* bnÞb;enAxageRkaypÞaMgsMBt;s.

rUbelx15* Es,kdak;kñúgbnÞb;eRtómelIkeTAsEmþg.

rUbelx16* Gñkkan;Es,keRtómxøÜnecjsEmþgpøas;bþÚrKñatamdMeNIrerOg.

-17-

rUbelx17* ransRmab;dutePøIgeBlsEmþgEs,kFM ¬rUbft* GaMg CUlan¦.

rUbelx18* ePøIgsRmab;;sEmþgEs,kFM.

x> ePøg

karsEmþgEs,kFMRtUvmanePøgBiNBaTüvg;FMmYyvg; d,itskmμ-

PaBénkarsEmþgenHKRKwkKeRKg mansemøglan;&xÞrxÞartamsac;erOg

EdleRcInEtbgðajBIkartyuT§Kñasn§ab;sVitsVaj rvagT½BsVa nigT½B

ykSmIredrdas. dUecñaH ]b,krN_ePøgEdlRKb;cMnYnRtUvman* semÖar

sÁrFM2 rnatÉk rnatFug rnatEdk KgtUc KgFM RséLtUc RséLFM

Qig nigxøHmansÁrmuxBIrEfmeTotpg ¬rUbelx19-20¦ eBalKWRtUv

karGñkePøgrvag10-11nak;. rIÉbTePøgvijmaneRcInEbbeRcInbTNas;

eRBaHRtUvelgeTAtambriyakassac;erOgRKb;GenøITaMgGs; dUcy:ag

eBlRbyuT§Kña eBlxwg eBlsb,ay ekItTukç lYgelam ecjdMeNIr

ehaH GENþtTwk bYgsYg Epøgsr.l. ehIyCYnkalmanbT

ePøgsRmab;tYGgÁeTBepSg BYkykSepSg ÉsRmab;BYksVaepSgeTot

k¾man.

eBlcab;sEmþgEs,k eKEtgelgePøgCab;esÞIr\tdac;rhUt

cb;kñúgraRtIsEmþgenaH sUm,IEtmanGñkeBalbnøWsemøgeLIgBIdMeNIr

erOgy:agNa²ehIyk¾eday k¾Kg;enAmansemøgsemÖar nigsÁrFMCYybnÞr

CaGenøI²Edr. emø:aHehIy GñkePøgetagecHelgbTsRmab;Es,kFMenaHEt

mþg ehIyy:agehacNas;k¾bTePøgmancMnYn24bTEdr ¬h‘un sarin/

2004¦. ePøgEdlRtUvelgbTepSg² KWGaRs½yelIGñkeBalsac;erOg

ehAeQμaHbT (GñkePøgelgeTAtambriyakasQutqaknImYy²enaH.

EtedaysarGñkePøgNaEdlelgyUr fñwknwgsac;erOgnanaehIy eTaHbI

CaGñkeBalePøcminehAeQμaHbT $Pan;RclMehAeQμaHbTePøgxus

y:agNa k¾eKGacelgbTePøg(RtUvtamsac;erOgEdr.

-18-

-19-

rUbelx19* ePøgBiNBaTükñúgRkumEs,kFM.

rUbelx20* ePøgBiNBaTüRbKuMeBlsEmþgEs,kFM ¬rUbft* GaMg CUlan¦.

K> Es,k

Es,ksRmab;ykeTAsEmþgmaneRcInpÞaMgNas; GaRs½ynwg

vKÁEdlRtUvsEmþg ehIyeTaHCavKÁenaH xøIk¾enAEtmancMnYnrab;sibpÞaMgEdr

¬rUbelx21¦ EtrUbtYGgÁxøHeKeRbIpÞaMgdEdl²enAkñúgQutqakepSg

k¾man. dUc)nCRmabxøHBIxagelImkEdrfa Es,krUbtYGgÁ $rUb

GVIepSg²kñúgerOgramekrþ×sRmab;sEmþgelçanEs,kFMmYycb; Tal;Etman

cMnYnrab;rypÞaMgÉeNaH b:uEnþebIeBalEtGMBIEs,ksRmab;elgEtqak

QutEdleKniymCageK k¾y:agehacbMputmancMnYnCag150pÞaMgEdr

¬eBRC TuMRkvil/ 1995¦.

-20-

rUbelx21* Es,kCaeRcInpÞaMgEdleKerobtamlMdab;sRmab;elIkykeTAsEmþg.

X> GñkeBal

kñúgkarsEmþgEs,kFMRtUvmanGñkeBalerobrab;dMeNIrerOgpg

nigeBaleFVICasmþIsMedArbs;tYGgÁepSg²xøHpg. GñkeBaleRcInCa

mnusScas;²EdlecHcaMsac;erOgc,as;las; nigcaMBaküeBalsÞat;

rt;mat; ehIyCYnkalCaRKUemRkumelçanEs,kenaHpg ¬eBRC TuMRkvil/

2004¦. GñkeBaleRcInGgÁúyenAEk,rGñkePøg mineTAsMEjgxøÜnbgðaj

(eKemIlenABImuxqakeLIy d,itkñúgeKalbMNg(GñkemIlCk;citþ

cab;EPñkEtnwgrUbtYGgÁkñúgpÞaMgEs,k ehIymanGarmμN_fa rUbtYGgÁTaMg

enaHsasgeqøIyqøgsmþIKña. mü:ageTot GñkeBalminenABImux(eKeXIj

dUecñH KWedIm,IkuM(GñkemIlcab;Pøwkrvl;EbkEbrmkemIlmat;GñkeBal

ÉeNHvij KW(eKCk;citþepþatEteTAelIEs,kenaHÉg. GñkeBalenAkñúg

RkumxøH dUcCaenAPñMeBjCaedIm eRcInEtCaRbus²cMNas;² CYnmanmñak;

¬ebIsEmþgvKÁxøI¦ CYnmanBIrnak; ÉenAesomrabbc©úb,nñeRcInmanKñaBIrnak;

KWmñak;CaRsI mñak;CaRbusk¾man.

BaküeBcn_EdleKeBalenaH CaTMnukBakükRmgEkv CYnKñaeday

GenøI² $manCaBakükaBüxøH² eFVIEbbeFVIbTepSg² RBmTaMgman

BakürayFmμtalayLMKñatamvKÁ tamcMNucnanaRKb;QutRKb;qak.

TMnuk eBalmkenaH CYnkaleKecHcaMrt;mat; xøHeToteKebIkRkaMgemIl

tamlMdab;lMedayk¾man ¬rUbelx22¦ EdlcMNucxøHCakareBalerob

rab;sac;erOgsuT§saF ÉcMNucxøHeTotCaXøasnÞnarvagtYGgÁnana.

-21-

g> GñkeCItEs,k

GñkeCItEs,k KWCaGñkkan;Es,keFVIclnaCakayvikar(tYGgÁ

epSg²eTAtamsac;erOg EdlCYnedIr CYnelathk; CYnehaHehIr

nigGgÁúy $QrCMnuMkic©karnanaCaedIm ¬rUbelx23¦. GñkeCItEs,k enaH

mancMnYneRcInnak; Gacmandl;Cit20nak;ÉeNaHk¾man ¬rUbelx24¦

d,itkñúgvKÁnImYyénerOgramekrþ×EtgmanqakQuteRcIn ehIymantYGgÁ

epSg²RtUvpøas;bþÚr ecjcUl\tdac;. GñkeCItEs,kenHsuT§EtRbus²

ehIyecHk,ac;elIkdak;Es,k hk;elat CYnEfmTaMgecjk,ac;Kunt

yuT§KñarvagGñkkan;Es,kKñaÉg edIrtYhak;dUcCarUbEs,kenaHkMBug

Rb yuT§KñaBit²dUecñaHpg ¬rUbelx25¦.

-22-

rUbelx22* GñkeBalEtgmanRkaMg ¬enAelIBantUc¦ sRmab;ebIkeBlsEmþg¬rUbft* GaMg CUlan¦.

-23-

rUbelx23*GñkeCIt Es,k.

rUbelx24* GñkeCItEs,kmancMnYnCit20nak;.

rUbelx25* GñkeCItEs,k CYn kaldak;Es,kcuHehIyecjk,ac; RbyuT§KñadUckñúgsac;erOgk¾man ¬rUbft*GaMg CUlan¦.

c> RKÚdwknaM

RkumEs,kFMnanaEtgmanRKUemIlkarxusRtUv RKb;RKgTaMgRkum

GñksEmþg RKb;RKgTaMgdMeNIrkarsEmþg eBalKWRKUenaHmannaTICa

GñkdwknaMerOgTaMgmUlEtmþg. RKUEtgEtecHcaMdMeNIrsac;erOgsÞat;

CMnaj ehIysÁal;rUbtYGgÁelIpÞaMgEs,kTaMgGs; dwgqak dwgQut

dwgk,ac;eCItTaMgLay dUecñHmanEtRKU nigCYnkalmanGñkcas;TuMkñúgkar

sEmþgenaHehIy EdlCaGñkdwknaMkargarEs,kFMTaMgGs;. sUm,IEtkic©

BiFInana nigeRKÓgrNþab;kñúgdMeNIrkarsEmþg k¾RKUCaGñkdwknaMeFVIEdr

¬rUbelx26¦. minEtb:ueNÑaH mankalxøHRKUEfmTaMgCaGñkeBalerob

rab;dMeNIerOgeTotpg.

-24-

rUbelx26* RKUdwknaMRkumEs,kFMCaGñknaMeFVIeRKÓgrNþab;kñúgdMeNIrkarsEmþg.

q> vKÁRtÚvsEmþg

kareRCIserIsvKÁ $QutkñúgkMNat;erOgRtg;NamYymkelg KW

GaRs½yeTAnwgBiFIbuNü ehIymanRKUCaGñkcat;EcgerobcMqakQutén

dMeNIrerOgenaH nigcMnYnEs,keTAtamtYGgÁepSg²enaHEdr.

CaFmμtamunnwgcab;epþImBiFI GñkeCItEs,kEtgeqøóthat;rMlwk

k,ac; epSg²eTAtamQutnana EdlbRmugnwgsEmþgenaH EdlCYnkal

enAeBlelg minRtwmEtkan;Es,keCIteLIgelIépÞsMBt;sEtmü:agb:ueNÑaH

eT KWRKaxøHRtUvmansEmþgCaqakRbyuT§ Rbkab;Rbcak;KñarvagmnusS

GñkedIrtYenHEdr. emø:aHehIy GñkeCItEs,kk¾RtUvrMlwkk,ac;RbyuT§enaH

xøH²Edr ¬rUbelx27¦ d,itkarsEmþgedaykayvikarxøÜnÉg RtUvEt

c,as;CagkayvikareCItEs,k.

-25-

rUbelx27* GñkeCItEs,keqøóthat;rMlwkk,ac;epSg²munnwgsEmþg.

C> BiFIehamerag

munnwgelgecjCasac;erOgramekrþ×tamdMeNIredImTgRtg;vKÁ

NamYy eKEtgEtepþImeLIgedayBiFIehamerag ¬GñkxøHehAfa {XuMerag}¦

KWeKykEs,krUbta\sIeTAtaMgenAcMkNþalBImuxpÞaMgsMBt;s ehIy

dak;eRKÓgbUCa man)yRsI ¬)ysI¦ søaFm’ eckTuM møÚ søa páaPJI Ggár FUb

TanCaedIm manTaMgTwkmnþsRmab;eRBaHRBMmYypþilpg ehIyykrUb

RBH\sUrEpøgsrdak;enAxagsþaMrUb\sI nigrUbRBHnarayN_Epøgsr

dak;enAxageqVgrUb\sI ¬rUbelx28¦ RBmTaMgdak;rUbtYGgÁsMxan;²

xøHeTot manRBHram ykSRkugraBN_.l. dak;CabnÞab;enAGmrUbTaMg

bIenaH ¬rUbelx29¦. eK(GñkeCItEs,kcUlmkGuCFUb GuCeTonsMBHRKU

EdlCaGmnusSepSg² ¬rUbelx30¦ ehIyRKUdwknaMsURtGeBa¢IjGs;

eTBnikr GeBa¢IjRKUePøg RKUeBal RKUeCItmksNæitkñúgTItaMgBiFI ehIy(

RkumGñksEmþg TaMgGs;naMKña RbNmüsMBHfVaybgÁMEs,kEdltmál;enA

xagmuxenaH ¬rUbelx31¦.

-26-

rUbelx28* Es,krUb\sIdak;cMkNþal kñúgBiFIehamerag.

-27-

rUbelx29* Es,krUbtYGgÁsMxan;²EdleKykmktmál;kñúgBiFIehamerag.

rUbelx30* GñkeCItEs,kGuCFUb GuCeTonsMBHRKUkñúgBiFIehamerag ¬rUbft* GaMgCUlan¦.

Q> dMeNIrkarsEmþg

eRkayBIeFVIBiFIehameragehIy eTIbcab;sEmþgCasac;erOg

edaymanGñkeBalbgÁab;(Gñkkan;cnøúHeTAbgáat;ePøIgelIc®gáan enAxag

eRkay(eqHsen§aeLIg ¬rUbelx32¦ rYcepþImBIQutniyayBIsVaexμA

nigsVasRbyuT§Kña ehIysVascab;sVaexμAcgbeNþIrykeTACYbnwgta\sI

EdlmanBYkGñkenAKal;beRmImYycMnYn. rIÉ\sIenaHk¾pþl;dMbUnμanepSg²

eTAsVaTaMgBIr (Qb;eQøaHTas;ETgKñaCaedIm ¬rUbelx33¦.

bnÞab;BIQutepþImdMbUgenaHmk briyakasénkarsEmþgEs,k

FMhak;cab;lan;&KRKwkkeRKg edaysemøgeBal semøgePøgeraT× nig

skmμPaBeCItEs,kkeRkIkeLIg cUlCasac;erOghUrEheTA ¬rUbelx

34¦. rIÉkareCItEs,kenaH KWeKkan;pÞaMgEs,krUbtYGgÁnanaeTAtam

dMeNIrerOg elIkeLIgeTAdak;p¥wbCab;BIEpñkxagmuxpÞaMgsMBt;s ehIy

QutxøHeKrMkilEs,kenaHcUlmkEpñkxageRkaypÞaMgsMBt;seTotk¾man.

-28-

rUbelx31* GñksEmþgTaMgGs;fVaybgÁMEs,k ¬RKU¦ Edltmál;enAxagmux.

RKb;qakRKb;QutEtgmanRKU $GñkFøab;elgsÞat; $mYycas;²caMbgÁab;

bBa¢a(tYGgÁenH tYGgÁenaH ecjcUlbnþevnKñaCasac;erOg\tdac; ehIy

RsbtamBaküeBcn_GñkeBal.

-29-

rUbelx32* eKdutePøIg(eqHsen§asen§AeLIgenAeBlcab;sEmþgEs,kFM.

rUbelx33* QutdMbUgkñúgkarepþImsEmþgEs,kFM.

-30-

rUbelx34* QutmYyénkarsEmþgEs,kFM.

j> kayvikar nigk,ac;raM

GñkeCItEs,kRtUvecHk,ac; $kayvikartamEbbbTsPaBtYGgÁ

nigbriyakaserOgkñúgdMNak;kalepSg² dUcCa\riyabfrbs;éd man

elIk dak; kac;cuH kac;eLIg bnÞab rRgYn bgVil.l. ÉeCIgman

GgÁúylt;CgÁg;mçag manQr QrkEn§k QrExVgeCIg QaneTAmux

QaneTAeRkay edIr RkTIRkTa elat epøaH hk; rt; ehaHCaedIm.

cMENkÉdgxøÜnvij k¾manbt;EbneTAtamdMeNIrtYGgÁkñúgQutnImYy²Edr

¬rUbelx35¦. kayvikar k,ac; nigdMeNIrnanaenaHxus²KñaeTAtam

RbePTtYGgÁeRcInEbbeRcIny:ag mantaMgBIEbbmnusS EbbykS EbbsVa

nigstVepSg²eTotpg.

-31-

rUbelx35* dgxøÜnnigkayvikarrbs;GñkeCItEs,kbt;EbneTAtamdMeNIrtYGgÁkñúgQutnImYy².

5> CMenOepSg²Tak;TgnwgEs,kFM

kñúgTMenomExμr erOgramekrþ×enHmanlkçN³CaTIskáar³xøaMgNas;

minfaeLIyCarUbKMnUr Cacmøak; Car)M CaelçanepSg² $karniTan

pÞal;mat;eLIy KWEtgEtmaneFVIkic© eFVIBiFI maneRKÓgrNþab; $k¾manRtNm

epSg²enACab;CamYyCanic© eBalKWsßitenAkñúgRkbx½NÐCMenOd¾RCaleRCA

bMput. tamEdlFøab;dwgmkfa eKBuMEdlGnuBaØat(mankarniTanerOg

$sEmþgCaerOgramekrþ×enAtampÞHsEm,geLIy KWTal;EtsßitenAtamTI

val TIvtþGaram $kEnøgsaFarN_nanaCaedIm eTIbGaceBal

Gacelg)n. enHmkBIerOgramekrþ×CaerOgskáar³ CaerOgKYreKarBbUCa

nigmanRtNm minRtUvcUlmkLÚkLMnwglMenAdæanmnusSmñasamBaØenH

eLIy. enHKWdUc )nCRmabBIxagelImkehIyfa kalBIsm½yburaN

eRBgnay erOgramekrþ×eKsURtenAÉTIR)saT $kEnøgEdlCaTIeKarB

bUCa ÉeNaH.

cMeBaHelçanEs,kFMEdlelgEterOgramekrþ×enHk¾manCMenOy:ag

dUecñaH ehIymanEbbbTepSg²eTotpg. sUm,IEtkardab; qøak; eFVIEs,k

karerobcM karTukdak; rkSa nigkarsEmþgCaedIm suT§EtmanRtNm

manerobeRKÓgrNþab; mankEnøgRtwmRtUv Edlsßit enAdac;BIpÞHsñak;enA

Fmμta. rIÉBiFIsEmþgeTotesat k¾minEmnecHEtelg²(sb,ay l¥emIl

kmSancitþenARKb;eBl RKb;BiFIenaH)nEdr. ]TahrN_ BuMEdl

manGñkÉNaykelçanEs,kFMeTAelgkñúgBiFIerobmgÁlkar $BiFIeLIg

pÞHfμITal;EtesaH. BiFIEdlGacelgEs,kFM)ndUcmanerobrab;enACMBUk

xagelIrYcmkehIy KWsuT§EtCaBiFItamEbbCMenO EbbsasnasuT§saF

eTIbmaneKelgEs,kFMenH.

-32-

6> karplit nigTukdak;Es,k

CaFmμta Es,kEdleKRtUvykeTAeFVICarUbtYGgÁsRmab;elg

CaelçanEs,kFM KWeKykEs,keKa. EtebItameyabl;xøHfa ebIeKqøak;rUb

tYGgÁ\sI tYGgÁRBH\sUr tYGgÁRBHnarayN_ KWBIburaNmk eKeRcIneFVI

BIEs,kxøaFM $xøaXμúM ¬eBRC TuMRkvil/ 1995¦ eRBaHtYGgÁTaMgenHman#T§i

GMNacetCHelIsln; x<g;x<s;CagrUbtYGgÁepSg²eTot. edIm,I)n

CapÞaMgEs,kmanrUbtYGgÁ rUbTIkEnøg vaMgR)saT vtßú eTsPaB $FmμCati

nanaenaH RtUvqøgkat;BIrdMNak;kalFM²EdlsMxan; KWTImYy RtUv

eFVIBIEs,kRss;(eTACaEs,ks¶Üt nigTIBIr RtUvdab;qøak;Es,k(ecj

CarUbPaBepSg².

Es,kRss;EdleTIbnwgRBlat;ecjmk eKRtUvykeTAsmøab;Ca

munsin ¬ehAfa {smøab;Es,k}¦ KWeKykeTARblak;nwgepH(sBVkuM(s¥úy

rYcTukmYyry³sin. eBleKykEs,kenaHmksm¥atepHecalehIy eK

RtUvlatRtdagEs,k nigykkaMbitmuteTAelIyyksMNl;sac;EdlenA

Cab;nwgEs,kecj ehIyk¾ykeTARtaMTwksm,keQI. sm,keQI

Rss;enaH RtUvdM(Tk;RtaMkñúgTwkBag(ecjC½rmk eTIbeKykEs,k

eTAdak;RtaM. RbePTeQIEdlRtUvykmkRtaMEs,kmanlayKñanwgBYk

eQIlVIg CUr ct;xøaMg.l. karRtaMenaHGac)nCaBN’elIépÞEs,kxøHpg

eFVI(Es,kCab;maMpg nigkarBarkuM(stVl¥itepSg²mksuIEs,kenaHpg.

sm,keQIEdlykmkRtaM ehIyes¶arrm¶as; eFVICaTwkfñaMlabelI Es,k

Edldab;ehIy KWsm,kedImkeNþalsMxan;CageK.

luHRtaMmYyéf¶ $BIréf¶mk eKRsg;Es,kenaHeTARtdag haléf¶(

s¶Ütl¥ rYcRbmUlykeTArkSaTuk edaydak;(rabesμI. enAeBleKRtUv

-33-

karEs,kenaHeTAdab;qøak; eTIbeKerIykEs,keTAemIl nigeRCIserIsTMhM

nigkRmaspÞaMgEs,knImYy². Es,kNamankRmas;Rkas;l¥eKykeFVI

rUbEdlmanTMhMFM² ehIyCYnkalebIEs,kenaHFM EtGacdab;qøak;)nCa

rUbtYGgÁBIr eKk¾kat;CaBIredayéllktamenaHEdr eBalKWxøHRtUvEbg

CaBIresμIKña $mçagRtUvkarTMhMFM ÉmçageTotmanTMhMtUcCagk¾man.

tamTmøab;BImunmk eKEtgykpÞaMgEs,kfμIeTAKUrCarUbtYGgÁ rUb

vaMgR)saT $rUbGVIepSg²eTAtamtRmUvkarénsac;erOgenAelIépÞEs,k

rYcehIyeTIbeKdab;qøak;tamcMNucnana EdlkEnøgxøHRtUvTuksac;Es,k

ÉkEnøgxøHRtUvdab;TmøúHpþac;ecal ¬rUbelx36-37¦. b:uEnþsBVéf¶man

kEnøgxøHeKKUrrUbenAelIRkdasFMmYy ecjCarUbepSg²tamesckþIRtUv

karehIy eTIbeKykRkdasrUbenaHeTAbiTP¢ab;BIelIpÞaMgEs,k rYc dab;

qøak;Es,ktamKMnUsEdleKKUsvaselIépÞRkdasEtmþg ¬rUbelx38¦.

Es,knImYy²manTMhMtUcFMxus²KñaxøH nigdUcKñaxøH ehIyEtgEtman

rUbk,ac;rcnaepSg² dUcCak,ac;PIJpáa $k¾rUbnaKCaedImenACamYynwgrUb

tYGgÁnana. kalNaeFVI(ecjCapÞaMgrUbPaBy:agdUecñaHehIy eTIbeK

ykbnÞH#sSItUc²mkcgKabtamCMhrrUbbBaÄrdUceKt,útRtIGaMg

edIm,I(eKcab;kan;Es,kelIkeLIgsEmþg)n. ebIEs,kenaHmanTMhMtUc

eKcgKabq¥wg#sSIEtmYyenAcMkNþal ¬rUbelx39¦ EtebIrUbenaHFM

eKKabq¥wg#sSIBIrenAsgxag eTIbgayRsYlkan; ¬rUbelx40¦.

Es,kEdlplitecjCarUbtYGgÁepSg²ehIy eKRtUvmankEnøg

Tukdak;()nsmrmü KWebIenAkñúgvtþ eKGacrkSaTukenAkñúgkudi sala

$kñúgeragGVImYyk¾)n. b:uEnþebITukenAkñúgPUmi eKRtUvmaneragmYydac;ecj

BIpÞHrs;enA d,itdUceBalmkBIxagelIehIyfa rUbelIEs,kTaMgenHKW

CaerOgramekrþ× mansuT§swgEtCarUbtYGgÁeTBnikr ykS nigstVepSg²

-34-

EdlmanlkçN³CaTIskáar³xøaMgNas; minRtUvykmkrkSaTukdak;LÚkLM

nwgkarrs;enArbs;mnusSFmμtaenHeLIy.

-35-

rUbelx36* dab;Es,k/ TsvtS1960 ¬rUbft* ?¦.

-36-

rUbelx37* KUrRBagrUbelIépÞEs,kehIy eTIbdab;qøak; ¬rUbft* GaMgCUlan¦.

-37-

rUbelx38* KUrrUbelIRkdas ehIyykeTAbiTelIEs,k rYceTIbdab;qøak;.

rUbelx39* Es,kmanTMhMtUc²lμm eKcgKabbnÞH#sSIcMkNþalEtmYyb:ueNÑaH.

-38-

rUbelx40* Es,kmanTMhMFM² eKcgKabbnÞH#sSIBIrkEnøg edIm,I(gaykan;elIksEmþg.

7> bNþúHbNþal nigkarhat;eron

karbNþúHbNþalxagelçanEs,kFM KWmanTaMgEpñksßab½nraCkar

manTaMgRkumÉkCn $smaKmEpñksil,³eRkArdæaPi)lnana. enAkñúg

RkumEs,kFMrbs;naykdæansil,³TsSnIyPaBénRksYgvb,Fm’nigviciRt

sil,³ KWsmaCikmñak;²manCMnajEpñksEmþgeRcIny:ag. xøHecHTaMgr)M

buraN TaMgr)MRbéBNI ehIyGñkxøHeTotecHTaMgsEmþgelçanexalpg

nigEs,kFMenHpg edayqøgkat;karsikSaenAsalasil,³ rbs;RksYg

vb,Fm’nigviciRtsil,³pÞal;. dUecñaHkarhat;eronmanPaBgayRsYleRcIn

d,itGñkTaMgenHyl;BIdMeNIrrebobsEmþgepSg²eRcInmkehIy minBi)k

hat;eronsEmþgyUréf¶ExNas;NaeT.

cMENkÉRkumEs,kFMCalkçN³ÉkCn $enAtamsmaKm sil,³

epSg² GñksEmþgEs,kFMeRcInhat;eront²KñaedayeRbIeBlyUr Biess

ekμgEdlcUlhat;fμI. eRkABIhat;eronpÞal;tamry³RKUENnaM enAman

karhat;eronedayRbeyaleTot KWenAeBlmanGñkcas;²hat;smmun

nwgsEmþgenATIepSg² $eKsEmþgEs,kFMenATInana Gñkcg;eronelg

Es,kFMekμg²enaH eRcIneTAtamemIl segát BinitüedayxøÜnÉgEfmeTot.

-39-

8> RkúmelçanEs,kFMbc©úb,nñ

bc©úb,nñmanRkumEs,kFMmYycMnYnEdleyIgsÁal; KWRkumRKb;RKg

edaysßab½nrdæ mandUcCanaykdæansil,³TsSnIyPaB énRksYg vb,Fm’

nigviciRtsil,³CaedIm. eRkABIenaHmansmaKmeRkArdæaPi)lmYycMnYn

EdleFVIkargarxagvis½ysil,³ ehIymanRkumxagEs,kFMEdr dUcCa

smaKmsil,³suvNÑPUmi enAPñMeBj EdlskmμCageK. ÉRkumEs,kFM

rbs;smaKmsil,³eKakFøk k¾manskmμPaBxøH²Edr. cMENkÉenARkug

esomrabvij man RkumEs,kFMenAvtþraCbUB’ nigRkumEs,kFMrbs;elakta

TI eCon enA PUmisalakEnSg RBmTaMgRkumtUcmYyeTot enAEk,rvtþck

RKb;RKg edayta huIg. teTAenH eyIg´sUmeFVIkarerobrab;GMBIRkumEs,kFM

nImYy²enaH edaysegçbRtYs².

-40-

k> RkúmEs,kFMrbs;RksYgvb,Fm’nigviciRtsil,³

naykdæansil,³nigTsSnIyPaB Casßab½nmYyrbs;RksYg

vb,Fm’nigviciRtsil,³ ehIymanRkumGñkCMnajxagsEmþgsil,³elçan

$r)MeRcInEbby:ag EdlkñúgenaHmanRkumEs,kFMEdr. enAnaykdæan

enHmanGñkeBalelçanEs,kFMCamnusSRbusBIrnak;KW elak suin samI

nigelak esg sMGan EdlmanTMnajx<s;CageK. rIÉGñkeCItEs,k nig

GñkelgePøgsuT§EtmanfVIédl¥ ehIyGacsEmþgelçan nigr)MepSg²)n

eRcIy:ag. RkumenHeRcInEtsEmþgkñúg»kaspøÚvkarepSg² dUcCaBiFIbuNü

CatiFM² kñúgmehaRsBGVImYy $kñúgBiFICakitþiyksRmab;RbtiPUmkBIGnþr

CatinanaCaedIm. RkumenHeFVIkargarkñúgvis½ysil,³EpñksEmþgeRcIn

RbePT dUecñaHehIykalNaRtUvsEmþgEs,kFMkñúg»kasGVImYy eKk¾ erobcM

smaCikeTAtamsac;erOgEdlRtUvsEmþg edayBuMmankarlM)kGVIeLIy

d,itGñkTaMgGs;enaHsuT§EtmanCMnajx<s;xagsEmþgesÞIrRKb;RbePT

eTAehIy.

RkumEs,kFMrbs;naykdæansil,³nigTsSnIyPaBénRksYg

vb,Fm’nigviciRtsil,³ manGñksMxan;²xøH dUcCa*

1> esþIg cMerIn

2> esO vuT§I

3> elak b:uk sar:an;

4> elak suin samI

5> elak esg sMGan

6> elak Qn sMGat

7> elak Gn Qaehg

8> elak R)k; suIpan;Nar:at

-41-

9> elak em:A b‘unNa

10> elak em:A vuT§I

11> elak cab suIpat

12> elak mU ektnam

13> elak Gag KwmG‘

elakRKUTaMgGs;enHminRtwmEtCaGñksEmþgpÞal;b:ueNÑaHeT KWsuT§Et

CaRKUbgðat;beRgónsEmþgEs,kFM nigr)MepSg²CaeRcInEfmeTotpg

¬rUbelx41¦.

enAeRkam»vaTRksYgvb,Fm’nigviciRtsil,³enHEdr KWmha

viTüal½ynadsa®sþ énsaklviTüal½yPUminÞviciRtsil,³ k¾mannisSit

hat;sEmþgEs,kFMxøHEdr. nisSitsEmþgEs,kFMenATIenH KWCaGñkhat;

eronEpñkelçanexalpg nigr)MburaN ¬elçanhøÜg¦ xøHeTotpg d,it

CMnajenHmanlMnaMRbhak;RbEhlKñaTaMgGs;. dUecñaHehIyenAkñúgqñaM

sikSaxøH nisSitGaceRCIserIsykRbePTsil,³sEmþgepSg²kñúgCMnaj

rbs;xøÜnenaHmkbgðaj edIm,ICakarRbLgbBa©b;qmas $RbLgbBa©b;

fñak;qñaMsikSaNamYy EdlkñúgenaHEtgmanelçanEs,kFMxøH²Edr

¬rUbelx42-44¦.

-42-

rUbelx41* elak GnQaehg CaGñksEmþg Es,kFM nigr)MepSg² rbs; naykdæansil,³nigTsSnIyPaBénRksYgvb,Fm’nigviciRtsil,³ kMBugbgðat;sisSelgePøgsRmab;Es,kFM.

-43-

rUbelx42* nisSitmhaviTüal½ynadsa®sþ énsaklviTüal½yPUminÞviciRtsil,³sEmþgEs,kFMedIm,IRbLgqmasbBa©b;karsikSaqñaMTI3.

rUbelx43* sEmþgEs,kFMQutnagbuBaØkay kñúgeBlRbLgqmasrbs;nisSitmhaviTüal½ynadsa®sþ énsaklviTüal½yPUminÞviciRtsil,³.

-44-

rUbelx44* karsEmþgEs,kFM kñúgeBlRbLgqmasrbs;nisSitmhaviTüal½ynadsa®sþ énsaklviTüal½yPUminÞviciRtsil,³.

x> RkúmEs,kFMsmaKmsil,³ suvNÑPUmi

suvNÑPUmiCasmaKmEpñksil,³ begáIteLIgkñúgqñaM1994 Edl

mankargarxagbNþúHbNþal nigrkcMNUl edIm,IRTRTg;vis½ysil,³

sEmþg enAkñúgRkugPñMeBj. enATIenHk¾mankmμviFIsEmþgEs,kFMnigEs,k

tUcCaerogral;Ex Biess enAyb;éf¶suRknigyb;éf¶esAr_. GñksEmþgPaK

eRcInFøab;mankarhat;eronxøHBIsalasil,³ EdlRKb;RKgeday RksYg

vb,Fm’nigviciRtsil,³Edr. EtGñkxøHeTotk¾mkhat;eronenAkñúgsmaKm

enHEtmþgk¾man ehIysBVéf¶dwknaMedayelak m:an; kusl ¬rUbelx45¦.

enATIenHk¾minxusBIRkumsEmþgrbs;saklviTüal½yPUminÞviciRt

sil,³ nigRksYgvb,Fm’b:unμaneT KWmñak;²ecHsEmþgsil,³eRcInRbePT

ehIyGñkraMr)Mk,ac;buraN nigelçanexalEtgEtecHsEmþgEs,kFM

CaFmμta. enAeBlmankmμviFIRtUvsEmþgEbbNamYy eKRKan;Ethat;sm

nigEksRmYldMeNIr k,Úrk,ac; nigrebobrbbelgxøH²eTAk¾sEmþg)n

ehIy eRBaHmñak;²suT§EtFøab;hat; Føab;elg nigyl;RbePTr)M$elçan

CaeRcInRsab;. cMeBaHEs,kFM kalNaRtUvelgeKeRCIserIsGñkeCIt

Es,k GñkePøg nigGñkeFVIGVI²mYycMnYnkñúgcMeNamsmaCikrbs;smaKm

$rkGñkmkBIRkumsil,³epSg²b®gÁb;eTAk¾dMeNIrkar)n.

smaKmsil,³suvNÑPUmimaneragelçantUcmYy ¬rUbelx46¦

eRcInsEmþgEs,kFM $Es,ktUcsRmab;ePJóvTUeTATijsMbuRtcUlTsSna

¬rUbelx47-48¦. mü:ageTotsmaKmenHk¾cUlrYmsEmþgkñúg»kasm

ehaRsB $mYyecjeTAsEmþgenAbreTsnanaxøHEdr.

-45-

-46-

rUbelx45* elak m:an; kusl ¬xageqVg¦ kMBugBnül;ePJóvGMBIRkumEs,kFMrbs;smaKmsil,³suvNÑPUmi.

rUbelx46* eragelçanrbs;smaKmsil,³suvNÑPUmi.

-47-

rUbelx48* RkumEs,kFMrbs;smaKmsil,³suvNÑPUmisEmþg(ePoveTscremIl.

rUbelx47* RkumEs,kFMrbs;smaKmsil,³suvNÑPUmi sEmþg(ePoveTscremIl.

K> RkúmEs,kFMsmaKmsil,kreKakFøk

smaKmsil,kreKakFøkekIteLIgnaqñaM2006 enAraCFanI

PñMeBj EdlsBVéf¶dwknaMedayelak ePOg kumÖ³ ehIykñúgenaHmanRkum

sil,³Es,kFM Es,ktUc nigEs,kBN’Edr. RkumenHmanskmμPaBCa

hUrEh ehIyFøab;edIrsEmþgelçanEs,kenAtamextþnana RBmTaMgenA

breTsxøHpg.

BImunmk edaysarmankarxVHxatEs,kFMedIm,IsEmþg eKeRcIn

x©IEs,kFMBInaykdæansil,³nigTsSnIyPaBénRksYgvb,Fm’nigviciRt

sil,³. luHmkdl;bc©úb,nñenH smaKmnkMBugmmajwkdab;Es,kFM

cMnYn100pÞaMg niyayBIQut {RBHramcgfñl;} Edlmkdl;eBlenH

dab;)ncMnYnCit90pÞaMgehIy nigpÞaMgEs,kxøHeKRtUvdab;bnþeTot

¬rUbelx49¦. RkumenHmanRKUdwknaMeFVIkargarKUrnigdab; RBmTaMg

hat;sEmþgCaedImedayelak eGog ehOn nigKñamYycMnYneTot

¬rUbelx50¦. rIÉGñkdab;Es,kmanTaMgRsI²mYycMnYn ¬rUbelx51¦ nig

Rbus²eRcInGñkeTot ¬rUbelx52-53¦.

Es,kenAsmaKmsil,kreKakFøkenHmanTMhMFM²elIsBI

Es,kenAtamRkumepSg²eTot ¬rUbelx54¦ KWEs,kxøHmanTMhMrhUt

dl;beNþay ¬km<s;¦ RbEv 2/20m> nigTTwgRbEvg1/80m> ¬rUbelx

55¦. Es,kenATIenHeRcInlabTwkfμaMBN’elOgRsKaM ¬)nmkBIkar

es¶arrm¶as;sm,kedImkeNþal¦ ehIykat;BN’exμA ¬rUbelx56¦ Edl

xøHmanrUbtYGgÁFM²laynwgrUbrukçCati $k,ac;epSg² ¬rUbelx57¦.

ÉpÞaMgEs,kxøHeTotmanrUbtYGgÁlaynwgrUbvaMgR)saT Rbkbeday

k,Úrk,ac;rcnal¥BiciRtpg ¬rUbel58¦.

-48-

-49-

rUbelx49* Es,kFMenAsmaKmsil,kreKakFøk EdleKdab;fμI)nxøHnigxøHRtUvdab;bnþeTot.

rUbelx50* elak eGog ehOn ¬eqVg¦ CaRKUbgðat;dab;Es,k nigsEmþg ÉelakGuin suIEdn ¬sþaM¦ CaGñkdab;Es,k nigsEmþg enAsmaKmsil,kreKakFøk.

-50-

rUbelx51* RsI²dab;Es,kfμI enAsmaKmsil,kreKakFøk.

rUbelx52* Rbus²dab;E s , k f μ I e n A s m a K msil,kr eKakFøk.

-51-

rUbelx53* elak Guin suIEdn dab;Es,kfμI enAsmaKmsil,kreKakFøk.

rUbelx54* pÞaMgEs,krbs;smaKmsil,kreKakFøk eRcInmanTMhMFM².

-52-

rUbelx55* pÞaMgEs,kEdlmanTMhMFMCageKrbs;smaKmsil,kreKakFøkmanbeNþay2/20m> nigTTwg1/80m> rUbRBHl½kçN_RtUvsrnaK)s.

rUbelx56* Es,krbs;smaKmsil,kreKakFøk eRcInmanBN’elOgRsKaMkat;exμA.

-53-

rUbelx57* Es,krbs;smaKmsil,kreKakFøkxøHmanrUbtYGgÁFM²layn w g r U b r u k ç C a t i $ k , a c ;epSg².

rUbelx58*Es,krbs; smaKmsil,kreKakFøk xøHmanrUbtYG g Á l a y n w g r U b v a M g R ) s a TRbkbedayk,Úrk,ac;rcnal¥BiciRt pg.

RkumEs,kFMenAsmaKmsil,kreKakFøkmanKñacUlrYmsEmþg

cMnYn20nak; EdlxøHCaGñkeBal xøHCaGñkePøg nigxøHCaGñkeCIt.

GñkeCItEs,keRcInCaRbus² Etk¾manlayRsI²mYycMnYn Edr*

1> eGog ehOn

2> b:uk DIr:am:a

3> ehg Gan

4> Guin suIEdn

5> sux sMNag

6> eBRC pat

6> Lay b:uk

7> s‘um suIeFOn

8> Eb:n can;tun

9> sux suvNÑ

10> Lúg møiH

11> G‘uk suxa

12> esg NalIn

13> ywm cnÞI

14> emoc suxlI

GñkeBalCaRbus²manKñaBIrnak; GacCMnYsKña)nKW*

1> sux muM

2> eBRC pat

-54-

GñkePøgEdlsMxan;²manRbus²4nak;*

1> Bag kNika kan;sÁrFM nigsemÖar

2> XI sMNag kan;rnatÉk

3> pat; slIedt kan;KgFM

4> run vNÑnI kan;RséL

ebIkalNaeKRtUvkarGñkePøgkan;]bkrN_eRcInCagenH eK

GacrkKñabEnßmBIkEnøgepSg²eTot)n tamesckþIRtUvkarCak;EsþgEdr.

-55-

X> RkúmEs,kFMelakta TI eCon

RkumEs,kFMelakta TI eCon sßitenAkñúgPUmisalakEnSg sgáat;

sVaydgÁM Rkugesomrab manlkçN³CaelçanEs,kFMkñúgRkumRKYsar.

elakta TI eCon )nGnic©kmμeTAtaMgBIqñaM2000 ehIyecARbuseQμaH

eCon supan CaGñkRKb;RKgRkumEs,kFMenHbnþrhUtdl;bc©úb,nñ. elakta

TI eCon Føab;hat;eronelgEs,kFMtaMgBIenAtUc² kñúgextþesomrabenH

ehIyecHcaMsÞat;CMnajTaMgxageCItEs,k TaMgxageBalsac;erOg

rhUtdl;kardwknaMcat;EcgerobcMQutqakepSg²pg RBmTaMgcUlrYm

sEmþgy:agskmμkalBIsm½ymunqñaM1975 ¬rUbelx59¦. sUm,IEt

kardab;qøak;Es,krUbtYGgÁepSg² tamQuténdMeNIrerOgenaHk¾elak

taecHcaMsÞat;Edr.

eRkayBIrbbExμrRkhmcb;eTAenAqñaM1979 elaktamin)n

ykkargarEs,kFMmkKitKUreLIgvijeT Kat;gakmkRbkbrbrepSg²

dUcGñkRsukTUeTAEdr. rhUtdl;Kat;manv½yRTg;cMNas;bnþic k¾køayeTA

CaGacarümYyrUbkñúgRkugesomrabenaH. luHdl;edImTsvtS1990 elak

tak¾cab;epþImKitKUrerobcMbegáItRkumEs,kFMrbs;Kat;eLIgvij eday

mankarCMrujelIkTwkcitþBIsMNak;mnusSxøHEdlrab;Ganelakta.

eRkayBIbegáIt)nCaRkumelçanEs,kFMenAelITwkdIextþesomrabenH

eLIgvijehIy k¾manmnusSmñamYycMnYncUlhat;eron nigPaKeRcInCa

sac;jatirbs;elakta CI eCon pÞal;Etmþg ¬rUbelx60¦. RkumEs,k

FMenH EtgEtmaneKehAeTAsEmþgkñúgBiFIbuNüepSg² dUcCabuNübBa©úH

sImaRBHvihar/ buNüceRmInRBHCnμRBHsgÇ/ buNürMlayRBHsBRBHRKU

ecAGFikarvtþ/ buNüPUmi ¬rUbelx61¦ nigkñúg»kasmehaRsBnana

$buNüCatiepSg² $mYysEmþgsRmab;ePJóveTscrmþgmáalCaedIm.

-56-

-57-

rUbelx59* elakta TI eCon kalenAv½ykNþal bgðajk,ac;eCItEs,kFM.

rUbelx60* elakta TI eCon kñúgv½ycMNas; naTsvtS1990.

rUbelx61* elakta TI eCon dwknaMkarsEmþgEs,kFMkñúgBiFIbuNümYykñúgextþesomrab.

eRkayBIelakta TI eCon cakelakenHeTAenAqñaM2000 ecARbus

eQμaH eCon supan ¬rUbelx62¦ Edl)nhat;eron nigFøab;sEmþgy:ag

skmμCamYyelaktaBImunmk k¾TTYlRKb;RKgkargarmrtkEs,kFMbnþBI

CItarbs;xøÜn edayrkSatamTRmg;edImdEdl TaMgkardab;Es,k TaMgBN’

sm,úrEs,k TaMgBaküeBcn_ nigrebobeBal TaMgrebobsEmþg RBmTaMg

dMeNIredImTg nigcMnYnQuténsac;erOgramekrþ×EdlRtUvsEmþgenaHpg.

Es,kenATIenHeKdab;écñeFVIEs,kedayxøÜnÉg RKan;EtTij

Es,keKaRss;BIeK. eKykEs,keKaRss;mkhaléf¶ latRtdag nig

ekassm¥at ¬rUbelx63¦ rYcehIyKUsvas nigdab;qøak;(ecjCarUb

tYGgÁ $vaMgR)saT nigTIsßanepSg². Es,krbs;Rkumelakta TI eCon

enHeKniymlabBN’exμA ehIyTukEpñkxøHeTotlabBN’elOgRsKaM

¬rUbelx64-65¦ $mYylabBN’dIElg nigkat;BN’exμA ¬rUbelx66¦.

eKeRbITwkfñaM)nmkBIkarRtaM ehIyes¶arrm¶as;sm,keQImYycMnYn dUc

Casm,kedImkeNþal $sm,kedImsVaycnÞICaedIm ¬rUbelx67¦.

sBVéf¶RkumenHmanEs,ksRmab;sEmþgcMnYnCag80pÞaMg ¬ebIeFVI(elg

)neRcInQut KWRtUvmancMnYn156pÞaMg¦. edaysarxVHxateragTuk

dak;Es,k eKk¾ykEs,kenaHmkrkSaTukenAnwgEpñkxøHkñúgpÞHrbs;Gñk

RKb;RKgRkumEs,kCabeNþaHGasnñsin ¬rUbelx68¦. eRkABIkarsEmþg

Es,kFM RkumenHk¾dab;Es,klk;(eTARkumepSg²Edr.

-58-

-59-

rUbelx63* latEs,keKahaléf¶(s¶ÜtedIm,ITukdab;eFVIEs,kFM.

rUbelx62* elakeCon supanGñkRKb;RKgRkumEs,kFMelakta TI eConnaeBlbc©úb,nñ.

-60-

rUbelx64* Es,kFMrbs;Rkumelakta TI eCon manB N ’ e x μ A n i g B N ’ e l O gRsKaM.

rUbelx65* Es,kFMrbs;Rkumelakta TI eCon manBN’exμA nigBN’elOgRsKaM.

-61-

rUbelx66* Es,kFMrbs;Rkumelakta TI eCon manBN’dIElgnigkat;BN’exμA.

-62-

rUbelx67* TwkfñaMrm¶as;BIsm,kedImkeNþal nigsm,kedImsVaycnÞI TuksRmab; labelIEs,kdab;rYc.

-63-

cMENkÉkarhat;eronvij KWkalBIelakta TI eCon enArs;Kat;

bgðat;eRcInEtCakUnecAsac;saelahit nigGñkCitxag $GñksÁal;KñaCit

ditxøH. luHmkdl;bc©úb,nñ karbgðat;beRgónbnþBuMmanCavKÁ $kmμviFIGVIFM

duMeT d,itRkumGñkRtUvsEmþgFøab;)nhat;eronBImunmkehIy RKan;Ethat;

smrMlwkQutqakxøH²munnwgecjeTAsEmþgkñúg»kasGVImYyb:ueNÑaH

edaymanelakRKU TI CuM nigelakRKU TI eCOm CaGñkemIlkarxusRtUv

bgðat;bgðaj ehIyeRcIneFVIenAnwgTIvalmYy EdlmaneragtUclμm

¬rUbelx69¦ kñúgdIrbs;elak eCon supan EdlCaGñkRKb;RKgRkumEs,k

enHÉg. tamTmøab;mk QutFM²kñúgerOgramekrþ×EdleKelgCaelçan

Es,kFMenH KWman7QutsMxan;²*

rUbelx68* Es,kFMrbs;Rkumelakta TI eCon rkSaTukenAkñúgpÞHCabeNþaHGasnñ d,itBuMTan;maneragTukdak;enAeLIy.

-64-

1- RBHramkfñl;

2- nagbuBaØkay

3- srnaK)s

4- kM):n; ¬kum<½NÐ $ kumÖ½NЦ

5- srRBhμmas

6- sukácar

7- pþaMemOg\®nÞCit.

rUbelx69* eragsRmab;hat;elgEs,kFMrbs;Rkumelakta TI eCon.

RkumGñksEmþgEs,kFMenATIenHsrubTaMgGñkeCItEs,k TaMgGñkePøg Gñk

eBal nigRKUdwknaMpg mancMnYnCit30nak; manGayucab;BICag10qñaM

rhUtdl;Cag60qñaM. GñkTaMgGs;enaH eKRbkbrbrepSg²erog²xøÜn

enAeBl NamankargarRtUvsEmþg eTIbemRkumRbEmRbmUlKñIKñamkCYb

CuMhat;smQutqakEdlRtUvelgenaH. xageRkamenHKWCabBa¢IeQμaH

GñkenAkñúgRkumEs,kFMelakta TI eCon.

RKUbgðat;mancMnYn2nak;*

1> elakta TI CuM

2> elakta TI eCOm

GñkeCItEs,ksuT§EtRbus² mancMnYn14nak;*

1> eG can;tg

2> ePT s‘un

3> eCon sucit

4> y:un eGam

5> Ny NariT§

6> buic sMNag

7> elOg Cyb

8> Ev:n suvNar:a

9> y:un tara

10> eCOy suCati

11> sat suPaNa

12> eBA sIha

13> lIda vIt

14> lIda v½n

-65-

GñkeBalCaRbus² mancMnYn2nak;*

1> eCon supan

2> eG can;tg

GñkePøgsuT§EtRbus² mancMnYn9nak;*

1> ):t Rbn kan;rnatFug

2> kþwb supl kan;semÖar

3> ém: saemOt kan;KgFM

4> jib pun kan;rnatÉk

5> eG can;TI kan;RséL

6> pl Kg; kan;RséL

7> pun Cun kan;sÁrFM

8> dYg r½tñ kan;KgtUc

9> ém: suIeyn kan;rnatEdk.

-66-

g> RkúmEs,kFMvtþraCbUB’

RkumelçanEs,kFMenAvtþraCbUB’ ¬vtþbUB’¦ sßitkñúgvtþbUB’ PUmivtþbUB’

sgáat;salakeRmIk Rkugesomrab. RkumenHekIteLIgenArvagcug

TsvtS1990 edayRBHetCKuNRBHmhavimlFmμ Bin Esm Edl elak

Føab;TMnak;TMngCamYynwgRkumEs,kFMelakta TI eCon EdlenAkñúg Rkug

esomrabenHRsab;. tamBiteTA RBHetCKuNmanRBHT½yRsLaj; cUl

citþvis½ysil,³ nigvb,Fm’xøaMgNas; ehIyelakerobcMTIvtþGaramenH

(manGVI²tamrebobvtþBIburaNmk eBalKWmanTaMgRkumCagKMnUr

Cagcmøak;epSg² manTaMgRkumePøgburaN nigRkumEs,kFMenHÉgEdr.

RkumEs,kFMenAvtþbUB’enH)nhat;eronbnþmkBIRkumEs,kFMrbs;elakta

TI eCon ehIyk¾BRgIkbnþicmþg²pSMnwgkarhat;eronEnßmBIRKUEdleK

GeBa¢IjmkBIPñMeBjCaedImpg k¾kan;EtlUtlas;rhUtdl;sBVéf¶enH.

bc©úb,nñ RkumEs,kFMvtþbUB’mansmaCikTaMgGñkeCItEs,k TaMgGñk

eBal GñkePøg nigRKUbgðat;pg srubCag30nak; dwknaMcat;EcgpÞal;eday

elak v:an; suPavuF ¬rUbelx70¦. RkumenHskmμRKan;ebICagRkumepSg

eTotkñúgextþ esomrab eRBaHsßitkñúgvtþkNþalRkug mankEnøgFMTUlay

ehIymankarerobcMcat;Ecg)nl¥KYrsm. RkumenHTTYlelgkñúg»kas

buNüTanepSg² TivamehaRsB sEmþgsRmab;Rkumh‘uneTscrN_ nig

ePJóvnanaxøH. RkumenHk¾manTMnak;TMngsEmþgCamYynwgsil,³ExμrGmt³

Edr. enAkñúgvtþbUB’Etmþg manTIFøaGac(eKsEmþgnaeBlyb; sRmab;ePJóv

kñúgraRtIxøH ¬rUbelx71-72¦ kñúgry³eBlrvag45naTI eTA1em:ag. kar

sEmþgenATIenHeKdutRteLakdUgbMPøWrtamebobburaN ¬rUbelx73-74¦

ehIysUm,IEtePøgk¾eRbI]bkrN_eRcIn tamTMenomrbs;extþesomrabt²

mkEdr ¬rUbelx75¦.

-67-

-68-

rUbelx71* RkumEs,kFMrbs;vtþbUB’ sEmþgenAkñúgTIFøavtþnaeBlyb;edIm,I(ePJóveTscrTsSna.

rUbelx70* elakv:an; suPavuF ¬xagsþaM¦ GñkRKb;RKgR k u m E s , k F M e n AvtþbUB’.

rUbelx72* Es,k FMrbs;RkumvtþbUB’kMBugsEmþg.

-69-

rUbelx73* RkumEs,kFMvtþbUB’ eRbIRteLakdUgdut(manBnøWedIm,IsEmþgEs,kFMtamrebobRbéBNI.

rUbelx74* RkumEs,kFMvtþbUB’ eRbIRteLakdUgdut(manBnøWedIm,IsEmþgEs,kFMtamrebobRbéBNI.

karhat;eronkñúgRkumvtþbUN’enHskmμRKan;ebI d,itman»kas

sEmþgeRcInKYrsm BiessmuneBlecjeTAsEmþgenATINamþg².

b:uEnþKYrRCabEdrfa tamTmøab;BImuneKeRcInelgEs,kFMkñúgmYyyb;²eRcIn

em:ag KWrvag3-4em:agÉeNaH Ébc©úb,nñeKeRcInelgRtwm EtrvagmYyem:ag

bu:eNÑaH. emø:aHehIykarhat;eronsEmþgdMeNIrerOgkñúgvKÁnImYy²Etg

kat;tRmUvkameBlevladUecñHEdr. enATIenHBuMmanebIkCasala $vKÁ

bNþúHbNþaleTogTat;eTAdl;ekμg²CasaFarN_eLIy KWeKeFVIEtkñúg

rgVg;smaCikRkumrbs;eKb:ueNÑaH eRBaHKμankmμviFI nigmUlniFisRmab;

RTRTg;kñúgkarbgðat;beRgóndl;GñkpgTUeTAeT.

-70-

rUbelx75* ePøgsRmab;RbKMkñúgkarsEmþgEs,kFMrbs;RkumvtþbUB’eKeRbI]bkrN_eRcIny:ag.

kñúgvtþbUB’maneragelçaneFVIBIeQImYy sRmab;RkumEs,kFMhat;

eronenAeBléf¶pg ¬rUbelx76-77¦ nigGacsEmþgmþgmáalpg

¬rUbelx78¦. EtenAeBlyb; eKeRcInecjmkhat;smenAnwgTIFøaxag

muxeragenaHvij eRBaHmanTMhMFM ehIymanxül;Gakasl¥CagenAxag

kñúgerag ¬rUbelx79¦. kñúgkarhat;eron KWGñkeCItEs,kTaMgGs;Etg

ecHeCIttYGgÁnImYy²TaMgGs;KñaEdr edIm,IedIrtYCMnYsKña)nRKb;eBl.

dUecñaHeBlhat;eCItEs,krUbtYGgÁNamYy GñkkñúgRkumhat;TaMgLay

eRcIneLIghat;RBmKñaEdr EtBuMmanpÞaMgEs,krUbtYGgÁnImYy²enaHeRcIn

sRmab;(kan;hat;RKb;Kña eKk¾eFVIkayvikarhat;tamRKUCabeNþIr²

rYceTIbelIkEs,khat;eCItmñak;mþg² tamlT§PaB ¬rUbelx80-82¦.

karhat;eronenHBuMEmneFVIsRmab;EtRkumGñkeCItEs,kEtmü:agenaHeT

KWRkumePøgk¾maneBlhat;elgbTepSg²tRmUvtamsac;erOgEdr

¬rUbelx83¦. rIÉGñkeBalk¾dUecñaH KWRtUvhat;eBaldMeNIrerOgtam

QutqakepSg² ehIyebIFøab;hat;rYc k¾RtUvEtmkhat;rMlwk $ eBal sm

CamYynwgGñkeCItEs,k nigGñkelgePøgedIm,I(RtUvtamsac;erOg nig(

rt;mat;fñwkpg ¬rUbelx84¦.

erOgKYr(cab;GarmμN_mYyGMBIkarhat;eron $karepÞrcMeNHdwg

BImnusSCMnan;mYyeTACMnan;mYyeTotenaH KWeyIgsegáteXIjfa eTaHbI

RkumelçanEs,kFMenAkñúgextþesomrabenHBuMmanebIksala $ebIkCavKÁ

bNþúHbNþaleTAdl;ekμgCaTUeTAk¾eday k¾enAeBlsmaCikRkumEs,k

FMenaHhat;eron $sEmþgmþg² EtgmankUnGñkRsukEdlenACitxag

enaHmkcUlemIledaykarcUlcitþ ¬rUbelx85-86¦. bnþicmþg² ekμg

EdlFøab;emIl Føab;eXIjeKsEmþg$hat;eronenaH k¾mankarcab;GarmμN_

ehIyekμgNaEdlmancitþRsLaj; cUlcitþcg;elgEs,kFMEdrenaH

-71-

k¾eRcInEtmkemIljwkjab; ehIyeBlmaneKhat;eron k¾ecHEtmkcUl

emIl rhUtdl;hat;eFVIkayvikartameKÉgFM²enaHEdr ¬rUbelx87¦.

enAeBlNaeKdak;Es,kcuHsRmakmþg² ekμgEdlcg;ecHk¾EtgEtcUl

eTAelIkEs,ktUc²lμm eFVIkayvikarRtab;tamGVIEdlxøÜneXIj nigcgcaM

tamkarhat;eronedayRbeyalenaH ¬rUbelx88¦ ehIyeKk¾minfa

$sþIbenÞasGVIEdr. ekμgEdlRsLaj;cUlcitþEs,kFMrebobenH yUr²eTA

k¾nwg)ncUlhat;eronCasmaCikRkumsEmþgEdr d,iteKdwg nigsÁal;

CaerOy²mkehIyRsab;. enAkñúgvtþbUB’enH eRkABIGñksEmþg Es,kFM RBH

etCKuN Bin Esm k¾begáIt(manCagecHdab;Es,kFMenaHEdr.

-72-

rUbelx76* eragsRmab;hat;nigsEmþgEs,kFMeBléf¶ enAvtþbUB’.

-73-

rUbelx77* kEnøghat; nigsEmþgkñúgerag enAvtþbUB’.

rUbelx78* hat;smelgEs,kFMeBléf¶ enAvtþbUB’ ¬rUbft* Ca suCati¦.

-74-

rUbelx79* kEnøghat;elgEs,kFMeBlyb; enAvtþbUB’.

rUbelx80* hat;eCItEs,keBlyb; enAvtþbUB’.

-75-

rUbelx81* hat;eFVIkayvikareCItEs,ktamRKUbgðat;.

rUbelx82* emIlRKUeCItEs,k ehIyeFVIkayvikarhat;tamRKU.

-76-

rUbelx83* elakRKU Gn Qaehg bgðat;GñkelgePøgsRmab;Es,kFMenAvtþbUB’.

rUbelx84* hat;eBalsRmab;sEmþgEs,kFM enAvtþbUB’.

-77-

rUbelx85* ekμgtUcFMxøHmkQremIleKhat;sEmþgEs,kFM enAvtþbUB’.

rUbelx86* ekμg²mkG g Á ú y e m I l e K s E m þ gEs,kFMeBlyb; enAvtþbUB’.

-78-

rUbelx87* ekμgeFVIkayvikartameKhat;sEmþgEs,kFM enAvtþbUB’.

rUbelx88* ekμgelIkykEs,khat;eCIttameK enAeBlGñksEmþgsRmak.

bc©úb,nñ RkumEs,kFMrbs;vtþbUB’ mansmaCikCag30nak; ehIy

manGayucab;BIrvag20qñaMrhUtdl;Cag30qñaM dUcmanbBa¢IxageRkam

enHRsab;.

GñkeCItEs,ksuT§EtRbus² mancMnYn14nak;*

1> s‘un can;

2> s¥ag TiBV

3> vwg rsμI

4> erom vIr³

5> Bin cMerInrdæ

6> Buy eBOn

7> esO b‘unh‘ab

8> esO b‘unhI

9> esO b‘unh‘a

10> Ekv suPaB

11> Guit mas

12> y:an suvNÑ

13> s‘un suFI

14> fa vasna

GñkeBalmancMnYn2nak; KWRbusmñak; RsImñak;*

1> hgS samn ¬Rbus¦

2> esOn sar:um ¬RsI¦

GñkePøgsuT§EtRbus² mancMnYn15nak;*

1> eGom viciRt kan;RséL

-79-

2> lI Fuc kan;KgtUc nigKgFM

3> Lúj can;vuT§I kan;semÖar

4> LÚj kg kan;sÁrFM

5> edob rdæa kan;KgFM

6> Kn; mkra kan;RséL

7> Lúj b‘uneFOnkan;RséL

8> esk éh kan;sÁrFM

9> riT§i qanI kan;semÖar

10> hn; hak; kan;KgtUc

11> sux sI kan;rnatfaM ¬BaküGñkRsuk¦

12> Ca sm,tþi kan;rnatFug

13> eLg NaErn rnatFug

14> Cn vicäika kan;rnatÉk

15> ck; KwmGUn kan;KgFM.

-80-

c> RkúmEs,kFMenACitvtþck

RkumelçanEs,kFMmYyEdleTIbnwgekItrvag5-6qñaMmkenH KWsßit

kñúgPUmieKakRksaMg XuMsVaydgÁM Rsukesomrab extþesomrab enAEk,r

vtþck. RkumenHtUceT manEs,kcMnYnRbEhl30pÞaMg manKñaelgk¾tic

ehIyCYnkalRtUvshkarCamYyRkumEs,kFMelakta TI eCon enAPUmi

salak EnSgeTotpg. sBVéf¶eKykpÞHelakta mI rYn ehAta huIg eFVICa

kEnøgTukdak;eRKOgsEmþg nighat;eronCaedIm ehIyKat;k¾CaGñkRKb;RKg

emIlkarxusRtUvEdr. tamBiteTARkumenHhak;dUcCaExñgmYyEdlEbk

ecjBIRkumEs,kFMelakta TI eCon ehIymanGñkxøHk¾Cab;Tak;TgKñaCa

smaCikRkumenHpg Rkumxagelakta TI eConpg. ÉlkçN³TUeTAén

sil,³RkumenHk¾esÞIrEtdUcKñanwgRkumelakta TI eCon d,itRKUbgðat; nig

Es,ksRmab;elgCaedIm k¾naMmkBIRkumelakta TI eConEdr.

RKUbgðat;kñúgRkumenH manelakta TI CuM ehAta Tuy rIÉGñk

eCItEs,keRcInCaRbus² mandUcCa sYn suPaB/ mYn nag/ tahuIn nig

manRsImñak;eQμaH mYn y:un eRkABIenaHeKehAGñkeCItmkBIRkumEs,kFM

elakta TI eCon edIm,Ib®gÁb;. rIÉGñkeBalCaRbuseQμaHta m:av.

GñkePøgCa Rbus²manKña7-8nak; KW*

1- PuM sariT§ ehA KI CaRKUbgðat; kan;rnatÉk nig

Gacelg]bkrN_ePøg)neRcIny:ag.

2- dW kan;KgFM

3- r:a kan;RséL

4- eha kan;semÖar

5- cg kan;KgtUc

-81-

6- sn kan;sÁrFM

7-kUnRbusrbs;sn ¬minsÁal;eQμaH¦ Gacelg

]bkrN_ ePøg)neRcIny:ag.

RkumenHeRcInshkarKñaCamYyRkumelakta TI eCon enAeBl

TTYl sEmþgepSg² KWebIRkumenHxVHmnusS RtUvykmkBIxagRkumelakta

TI eCon ehIyebIRkumelakta TI eCon xVHmnusS k¾eKykBIRkumenHeTAvij

xøHEdr. y:agNak¾eday enHk¾CakarduHdalEbkCaRkumEs,kFMmYyeTot

Edr eTaHbIenACaRkumtUck¾eday. RkumEs,kFMenHsßitenAEk,vtþck ehIy

ebIvtþenHRtUvkarsEmþgkñúgBiFIbuNüTanmþg² RkumsEmþgelçanEs,k

mkelgedayBuMykkéRmBIRBHsgÇeLIy. sBVéf¶eKniymehARkumelçan

Es,kmYy enHfa {Rkumvtþck} ebIeTaHCamanTItaMgminsßitkñúgEdndI $kar

RKb;RKgrbs;vtþckk¾eday.

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9> snñidæan

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luHmkdl;bc©úb,nñ karsEmþgEs,kFMminRtwmEtelgkñúg»kas

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manskmμPaB EdlmYyRkumRKb;RKgedayraCkar KWRksYgvb,Fm’nig

viciRtsil,³ ehIyeRkABIenaHCarbs;smaKmsil,³ $Carbs;RkumRKYsar.

skmμPaBTUeTArbs;RkumnImYy² TaMgkarplitEs,k TaMgkar

hat;eron nigkarsEmþgCaedIm ERbRbYleTAtambriyakassgÁmbc©úb,nñ.

eyIgdwgCaTUeTAehIyfa meFüa)ykmSanþ $karkMdrkñúgBiFIGVImYyna

eBlsBVéf¶enHmaneRcInEbby:agNas; emø:aHehIy mnusSmñaTaMgLay

-83-

k¾manTMenareTArkGVI²EbbfμIenaHk¾eRcInNas;Edr. BiFIbuNüTanEdl

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meFüa)ygay² cayR)k;kasGs;tic $RsYlerobcMCaedImEdr.

]TahrN_ karsEmþgEs,kFMRtUvmanKñaeRcIn RtUverobcMGVI²mYycMnYnFM

témøk¾x<s;KYrsm rIÉGñksEmþgk¾RtUveRbIeBlkñúgkarhat;sm munnwgyk

eTAsEmþg. dUecñaHehIytémøminGaccuH(TabCag400-500duløareT

kñúgkarsEmþgmYyem:ageTABIem:ag ehIyelgEtmYyQutb:ueNÑaHénerOg

ramekrþi _d¾EvgenaH. enHCaehtuplmü:agEdlnaM(sil,³Es,kFMman

skmμPaBenARTwg $fycuHbnþic. ehtuplmü:ageTot KW cMNg;cMNUl

citþrbs;mnusSCaeRcIn cab;GarmμN_eTAelIrebobkmSanþEbbfμI dUcCa

cak;Fug)sraMErk bBa©aMgkun elgkMEbøg $RbKMt®nþICaedImeTAvij.

niyayy:agenHBuMEmnmann½yfa GñkRsukTUeTAmineGIeBInwg elçanEs,kFM

enaHeT KWGaRs½yeTAelIGñkerobcMBiFIbuNüTan $kmμviFIsEmþgsil,³

nanaEdr KWebIeKykEs,kFMeTAelg mnusSmñak¾)neXIj )nyl;

ehIyRkumEs,kFMenaHk¾manskmμPaBEdr. b:uEnþedaysar EtkarerobcM

kmμviFIkMdrBiFIepSg²eFVIRtab;tamKña minsUvykcitþTukdak;nwgsil,³

RbéBNI KitKUrxøaMgeTAelIGVI²EbbfμIEtmü:ag eFVI(GñkRsukTUeTAk¾)n

eXIjEtGVI²fμIEtmü:agenaHEdr.

esckþIsegátCaTUeTAeyIgeXIjfa Es,kFMenARsukExμrbc©úb,nñ

manCIvitrs;tamry³skmμPaBbIRbePTFM* TI1 tamry³kic©BiFIEbb

RbéBNI KWenAmanelgEs,kFMtictYcb:ueNÑaH BiesssRmab;RkumEs,k

FMÉkCn nigRkumsmaKmsil,³. TI2 tamry³BiFIbuNüCati $kñúg»kas

mehaRsBCatiepSg² k¾BuMsUvmanjwkjab;Edr BiessRkumEdlRKbRKg

edayraCkar. TI3 tamry³eTscrN_ KWsEmþgsRmab;ePJóvbreTs

-84-

TsSna enAtamsmaKmsil,³nana $enAtamsNæaKarFM²Edlman

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enAkñúgRkugesomrab nigraCFanIPñMeBj. rIÉskmμPaBxøH²eTot KWkar

ecjeTAsEmþgenAbreTsnanamþgmáal ehIyeFVIeLIgcMeBaHRkum Es,kFM

EdlRKb;RKgedayraCkar nigRkumÉkCn $smaKmsil,³ epSg²Edr.

edaysarrMBwgEteTAelIkarsEmþgEs,kFMEtmYymux KWBuMGac(

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pSMepSg²CacaM)c;. GñkenAtamextþ kalBIsm½ymun eTaHCay:agNa

eKmankargarERscmáarCaFmμta ehIyeTaHbICaBuMmanR)k;cMNUleRcIn

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RbYleRcIn GñksEmþgEs,kFMTaMgLayBuMmanRsUvGgárdak;CRgukCaRbcaM

eToteLIy KWRtUvEtRbwgERbgRKb;Ebby:ag. kgVl;GMBICIvPaBRbcaMéf¶Ca

bBaðaFM EdlnaM(GñksEmþgEs,kFMBuMmaneBl nigTwkcitþRKb;RKan;kñúg

karGPirkS $BRgIkkic©karsil,³RbéBNImYyenH()nl¥RbesIreT. kñúg

enaHeyIgeXIjfa GñkePøgk¾eTAelgePøgkñúgBIFIbuNüTannana ÉGñkecH

dab;Es,kk¾eTAdab;Es,klk;dUrsRmab;eTscr ehIyminEmneFVIEt

Es,kFM $Es,ktUcenaHeT ¬rUbelx89-92¦ KWplitCavtßúsil,³

nigeRKÓgGlgáarepSg²GMBIEs,kenaHÉgEdr ¬rUbelx93-95¦. kareFVI

rebobenH KWmanlkçN³CaÉkCntamCMnajmñak;² $eFVItamRkumsil,³

rbs;xøÜnnanaenaHk¾man. tamBiteTA skmμPaBTaMgGs;xagelIenH KWCa

meFüa)ykñúgkarrkSasil,³Es,kFM nigviC¢axagePøg RBmTaMgkardab;

Es,kepSg²(enAmanCIvitnasm½ybc©úb,nñenHÉgEdr.

-85-

-86-

rUbelx89* Es,kFM EdleKdak;lk;enAsmaKmsil,³suvNÑPUmi.

rUbelx90* Es,kFMnigEs,ktUc EdleKdak;lk;enAsmaKmsil,³suvNÑPUmi.

-87-

rUbelx91* Es,kFMEdleKdab;ykmkdak;lk;CUnePJóveTscr.

rUbelx92* Es,kFMnigEs,ktUc ¬Gay:g¦ EdleKdab;ykmkdak;lk;CUnePJóveTscr.

-88-

rUbelx93* dab;Es,k écñeFVICavtßúsil,³epSg².

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kic©karEfrkSamrtkRbéBNIEs,kFMCakargarcaM)c;EdlRtUv Et

eFVIbnþeTAmuxeTot eRBaH\LÚvenH elçanEs,kFMminRtwmEtCa sm,tþivb,Fm’

CatiExμrEtÉgb:ueNÑaHeT KW)nkøayCasm,tþiebtikPNÐBiPB elakeTotpg.

sil,³RbePTenHRtUvkarsmÖar³ TIkEnøg eBlevla KIñKña nigcMeNHviC¢a

eRcInKYrsmEdr eTIbmankarlUtlas;eTAmux dUecñaHRtUvEtmankareRCam

ERCg $bgálkçN³gayRsYl nigTMnukbRmugxøHeTIbGaceFVI)n. KYrEtman

karelIkTwkcitþ CMruj nigpSBVpSay(mnusSTUeTAcUlrYmKaMRT RsLaj; nigEf

rkSatamry³skmμPaBepSg². kmμviFIbuNü TantamRbéBNI nigBiFIbuNüCati

$»kasepSg²rbs;rdænigÉkCnxøH KYrCMrujnigelIkTwkcitþ( mankarsEmþg

Es,kFMtamlT§PaBEdr. BiesskmμviFIsil,³fñak;Cati nigkñúgrebobvar³

énkarsEmþgsil,³CaRk bxNÐeTscN_GnþrCatiepSg²kþI KWKYrEtpþl;»kas

(sil,³Es,kFM manskmμPaBrbs;xøÜnjwkjab; dUcRbePTr)M nigkar

sEmþgepSg²eTot enaH Edr.-89-

rUbelx95* Es,kEdleKdab;écñ(manTMhMtUc²edIm,Ilk;CUnePJóveTscr.

-90-

Éksareyag

ÉksarCaPasaExμr

- eBRC TuMRkvil/ Es,kFM/ Cornell Southeast Asia Program and UNESCO

1995.

- eBRC TuMRkvil/ Es,kBN’ nigEs,ktUc/ PñMeBj/ 1999.

- RBab can;m:ar:a/ eQμaHtYGgÁerOgramekrþ×enAkñúgrukçCati/

kRmgGtßbTkñúgbNþajBt’manvb,Fm’Exμr/ elx5/ FñÚ 2009-

FñÚ 2010/ T>98-100.

- lI Fametg/ karRsavRCavGMBIelçanExμr/ km<úsuriya/ 1971/

T>793-808.

- éryM/ ExμrRbQmmuxnwgvb,Fm’/ 2001.

- suIy:un suPariT§/ cmøak;RblgFñÚenAGgÁrvtþ nigenA)y½nþ/ RBwtþibRt

buraNviTüa/ elx1/ ExFñÚ qñaM2007/ T>39-49.

- h‘un sarin/ vgePøgExμr/ 2004.

- hYt sMNag/ vtþGaramnigcMeNHviC¢a/ kRmgGtßbTkñúgbNþaj

Bt’manvb,Fm’Exμr/ elx5/ FñÚ 2009-FñÚ 2010/ T>33-35.

ÉksaCaPasabreTs

- BRUNET Jacques, “Nang Sbek”, Kambuja, no. 53, August 1969.

- GROSLIER George, “Le Téatre et la danse au Cambodge”, Journal asiatique,tome CCXIV, no. 1, Janv-Mars 1929.

- PECH Tum Kravel, Sbek Thom: Khmer Shadow Theater, Cornell SoutheastAsia Program and UNESCO 1995.

- PECH Tum Kravel, Color Leather and Shadow Puppet, Phnom Penh 2000.

- THIERRY Solange, “Les danses sacrées au Cambodge”, Sources Orientales, no. 6, Paris 1963.

- VANN Molyvann, New Life infused into the Arts in Cambodia, Kambuja, May 1965.

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UNESCO

Typewritten Text

ISBN:9 789995 080679